P 3000atm D 0.

17in A
S
4
D
2
A 0.023in
2

F P A g 32.174
ft
sec
2
mass
F
g
mass 1000.7lb
m

Ans.
1.7
P
abs
U g h P
atm
=
U 13.535
gm
cm
3
g 9.832
m
s
2
h 56.38cm
P
atm
101.78kPa P
abs
U g h P
atm
P
abs
176.808kPa
Ans.
1.8
U 13.535
gm
cm
3
g 32.243
ft
s
2
h 25.62in
P
atm
29.86in_Hg P
abs
U g h P
atm
P
abs
27.22psia
Ans.
Chapter 1 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions
1.4 The equation that relates deg F to deg C is: t(F) = 1.8 t(C) + 32. Solve this
equation by setting t(F) = t(C).
Guess solution:
t 0
Given t 1.8t 32 = Find t ( ) 40
Ans.
1.5 By definition:
P
F
A
= F mass g =
Note: Pressures are in
gauge pressure.
P 3000bar D 4mm A
S
4
D
2
A 12.566mm
2

F P A g 9.807
m
s
2
mass
F
g
mass 384.4kg
Ans.
1.6 By definition:
P
F
A
= F mass g =
1
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using
it without permission.
F
Mars
K x := F
Mars
4 10
3
mK =
g
Mars
F
Mars
mass
:= g
Mars
0.01
mK
kg
=
Ans.
1.12 Given:
z
P
d
d
g =
and:

M P
R T
=
Substituting:
z
P
d
d
M P
R T
g =
Separating variables and integrating:
P
sea
P
Denver
P
1
P
(
(
(
]
d
0
z
Denver
z
M g
R T
|

\
|
.

(
(
(
]
d =
After integrating:
ln
P
Denver
P
sea
|

\
|
.
M g
R T
z
Denver
=
Taking the exponential of both sides
and rearranging:
P
Denver
P
sea
e
M g
R T
z
Denver

\
|
.
=
P
sea
1atm := M 29
gm
mol
:= g 9.8
m
s
2
:=
1.10 Assume the following:
13.5
gm
cm
3
:= g 9.8
m
s
2
:=
P 400bar := h
P
g
:=
h 302.3m =
Ans.
1.11 The force on a spring is described by: F = K
s
x where K
s
is the spring
constant. First calculate K based on the earth measurement then g
Mars
based on spring measurement on Mars.
On Earth:
F mass g = K x = mass 0.40kg := g 9.81
m
s
2
:= x 1.08cm :=
F mass g := F 3.924N = K
s
F
x
:= K
s
363.333
N
m
=
On Mars:
x 0.40cm :=
2
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it without permission.
Ans.
w
moon
M g
moon
:= w
moon
18.767lbf =
Ans.
1.14
cost
bulb
5.00dollars
1000hr
10
hr
day
:= cost
elec
0.1dollars
kW hr
10
hr
day
70 W :=
cost
bulb
18.262
dollars
yr
= cost
elec
25.567
dollars
yr
=
cost
total
cost
bulb
cost
elec
+ := cost
total
43.829
dollars
yr
=
Ans.
1.15
D 1.25ft := mass 250lb
m
:= g 32.169
ft
s
2
:=
R 82.06
cm
3
atm
mol K
:= T 10 273.15 + ( )K := z
Denver
1 mi :=
M g
R T
z
Denver
0.194 =
P
Denver
P
sea
e
M g
R T
z
Denver

\
|
.
:= P
Denver
0.823atm =
Ans.
P
Denver
0.834bar =
Ans.
1.13 The same proportionality applies as in Pb. 1.11.
g
earth
32.186
ft
s
2
:= g
moon
5.32
ft
s
2
:= Al
moon
18.76 :=
Al
earth
Al
moon
g
earth
g
moon
:= Al
earth
113.498 =
M Al
earth
lb
m
:= M 113.498lb
m
=
3
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it without permission.
Ans.
(b)
P
abs
F
A
P
abs
110.054kPa
Ans.
(c)
'l 0.83m Work F 'l Work 15.848kJ
Ans.
'E
P
mass g ' l 'E
P
1.222kJ
Ans.
1.18
mass 1250kg u 40
m
s

E
K
1
2
mass u
2
E
K
1000kJ
Ans.
Work E
K
Work 1000kJ
Ans.
1.19
Wdot
mass g ' h
time
0.91 0.92 =
Wdot 200W g 9.8
m
s
2
'h 50m
P
atm
30.12in_Hg A
S
4
D
2
A 1.227ft
2

(a)
F P
atm
A mass g F 2.8642 10
3
u lb
f

Ans.
(b)
P
abs
F
A
P
abs
16.208psia
Ans.
(c)
'l 1.7ft Work F 'l Work 4.8691 10
3
u ft lb
f

Ans.
'P
E
mass g ' l 'P
E
424.9ft lb
f

Ans.
1.16
D 0.47m mass 150kg g 9.813
m
s
2

P
atm
101.57kPa A
S
4
D
2
A 0.173m
2

(a)
F P
atm
A mass g F 1.909 10
4
u N
4
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it without permission.
mdot
Wdot
g 'h 0.91 0.92

mdot 0.488
kg
s

Ans.
1.22
a)
cost_coal
25.00
ton
29
MJ
kg

cost_coal 0.95GJ
1

cost_gasoline
2.00
gal
37
GJ
m
3

cost_gasoline 14.28GJ
1

cost_electricity
0.1000
kW hr

cost_electricity 27.778GJ
1

b) The electrical energy can directly be converted to other forms of energy

whereas the coal and gasoline would typically need to be converted to heat
and then into some other form of energy before being useful.
The obvious advantage of coal is that it is cheap if it is used as a heat
source. Otherwise it is messy to handle and bulky for tranport and
storage.
Gasoline is an important transportation fuel. It is more convenient to
transport and store than coal. It can be used to generate electricity by
burning it but the efficiency is limited. However, fuel cells are currently
being developed which will allow for the conversion of gasoline to electricity
by chemical means, a more efficient process.
Electricity has the most uses though it is expensive. It is easy to transport
but expensive to store. As a transportation fuel it is clean but batteries to
store it on-board have limited capacity and are heavy.
5
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only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using
it without permission.
1.24 Use the Matcad genfit function to fit the data to Antoine's equation.
The genfit function requires the first derivatives of the function with
respect to the parameters being fitted.
Function being fit:
f T A , B , C , ( ) e
A
B
T C +

\
|
.
:=
First derivative of the function with respect to parameter A
A
f T A , B , C , ( )
d
d
exp A
B
T C +

\
|
.

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter B

B
f T A , B , C , ( )
d
d
1
T C +
exp A
B
T C +

\
|
.

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter C
C
f T A , B , C , ( )
d
d
B
T C + ( )
2
exp A
B
T C +

\
|
.

t
18.5
9.5
0.2
11.8
23.1
32.7
44.4
52.1
63.3
75.5
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:= Psat
3.18
5.48
9.45
16.9
28.2
41.9
66.6
89.5
129
187
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
:=
6
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only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using
it without permission.
T t 273.15 + := lnPsat ln Psat ( ) :=
Array of functions used by Mathcad. In this case, a
0
= A, a
1
= B and a
2
= C.
Guess values of parameters
F T a , ( )
exp a
0
a
1
T a
2
+

\
|
.
exp a
0
a
1
T a
2
+

\
|
.
1
T a
2
+
exp a
0
a
1
T a
2
+

\
|
.

a
1
T a
2
+ ()
2
exp a
0
a
1
T a
2
+

\
|
.

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

:= guess
15
3000
50
|

\
|
|
.
:=
Apply the genfit function
A
B
C
|

\
|
|
.
genfit T Psat , guess , F , ( ) :=
A
B
C
|

\
|
|
.
13.421
2.29 10
3

69.053
|

\
|
|
.
=
Ans.
Compare fit with data.
240 260 280 300 320 340 360
0
50
100
150
200
Psat
f T A , B , C , ( )
T
To find the normal boiling point, find the value of T for which Psat = 1 atm.
7
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it without permission.
This is an open-ended problem. The strategy depends on age of the child,
and on such unpredictable items as possible financial aid, monies earned
by the child, and length of time spent in earning a degree.
c)
The salary of a Ph. D. engineer over this period increased at a rate of 5.5%,
slightly higher than the rate of inflation.
i 5.511% = i Find i ( ) :=
C
2
C
1
1 i + ( )
t
2
t
1

= Given
C
2
80000
dollars
yr
:= C
1
16000
dollars
yr
:= t
2
2000 := t
1
1970 :=
b)
The increase in price of gasoline over this period kept pace with the rate of
inflation.
C
2
1.513
dollars
gal
= C
2
C
1
1 i + ( )
t
2
t
1

:=
i 5% := C
1
0.35
dollars
gal
:= t
2
2000 := t
1
1970 :=
a)
1.25
T
nb
273.15K 56.004degC =
Ans.
T
nb
329.154K = T
nb
B
A ln
Psat
kPa
|

\
|
.

C
|

\
|
.
K := Psat 1atm :=
8
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it without permission.