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  • Chapter 25 Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force PDF

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    Diego Betancourt Mejia
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    This document discusses basic concepts of current, resistance, and electromotive force. It defines current as the movement of charge through a material over time. Resistance is a characteristic of an object that depends on its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Power dissipated by a current is defined in terms of current and voltage. Batteries are discussed as having an internal resistance that causes the measured voltage to be less than the rated voltage when a current is flowing.

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    CHAPTER 25 CURRENT, RESISTANCE AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE.pdf

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    This document discusses basic concepts of current, resistance, and electromotive force. It defines current as the movement of charge through a material over time. Resistance is a characteristic of an object that depends on its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Power dissipated by a current is defined in terms of current and voltage. Batteries are discussed as having an internal resistance that causes the measured voltage to be less than the rated voltage when a current is flowing.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    503 views28 pages

    Chapter 25 Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force PDF

    Uploaded by

    Diego Betancourt Mejia
    This document discusses basic concepts of current, resistance, and electromotive force. It defines current as the movement of charge through a material over time. Resistance is a characteristic of an object that depends on its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Power dissipated by a current is defined in terms of current and voltage. Batteries are discussed as having an internal resistance that causes the measured voltage to be less than the rated voltage when a current is flowing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 28

    CHAPTER25 CURRENT,RESISTANCEAND ELECTROMOTIVEFORCE

    BASICCONCEPTS CURRENTandCURRENTDENSITY RESISTANCEandRESISTIVITY BATTERYINTERNALRESISTANCE ENERGYANDPOWERINCIRCUITS


    1

    CURRENTISTHEMOVEMENTOFCHARGE INAMATERIAL

    Insomecasestheobjectsthataremoving arepositive.
    2

    Inothercases,forexampleinmetals,the objectsarenegative(electrons).

    Currentisthetimerateofpassageofthe charge.

    Considerthattherearenmovingcharged particlespervolume And Theaveragedriftvelocityisvd Thenintimedt Theparticlesmoveadistanceofvddt Inthevolume,Avddt,showninthefigure therewillbenAvddtparticles. Eachparticlehasachargeq. Thusintimedtthecharge,dQ,thatwill passthroughthecylinderis
    5

    Currentis Currentdensity(currentperunitcross sectionoftheconductor)is Notethatcurrentdensityisavector


    6

    RESISTIVITY Resistivity,,isacharacteristicofa material.

    RESISTIVITY Resistivity,,changeswithtemperature. Where isthevalueat200C.

    Forametal:

    ForSemiconductor:


    10

    Somematerialslooseallresistivity Superconductors:

    Discoveredin1911byH.Kammerlingh Onnes.
    11

    RESISTANCE Resistanceisacharacteristicofanobject. Resistance,R,isrelatedtoResistivity,,by

    12

    Thelongertheobjectthehigherthe resistance. Thelargerthecrosssectionthesmallerthe resistance. Ifisconstantthetotalcurrentthrougha conductorisproportionaltothevoltage acrossit. Or


    13

    Theconstantofproportionalityisthe resistance,R. Or ThisisOhmsLaw. IfaresistorobeysOhmsLawitisanOhmic resistor.


    14

    ObeysOhmsLaw:


    15

    SemiconductorsarenotOhmic:


    16

    POWERDISIPATEDWITHCURRENTFLOW. Remember V

    Changeinenergy


    17

    And Therefore UseOhmsLaw


    18

    Or

    19

    CALCULATERESISTANCE AcopperrodwithcrosssectionAhasa lengthLwhatisitsresistance?Workfor and . FromTable25.1 Therefore


    20

    Moredifficult:Example25.4 AcylinderwithresistivityhaslengthL, innerradiusaandouterradiusb.Calculate theresistanceforcurrentflowfromthe innertotheouterwalls.


    21

    Where isthepathlengthofthecurrent flow. And isthecrosssectionforcurrentflow. Now Considerathinshellwithinthecylinderwall withradius ,thickness andlength . Theareaoftheshellis Thepaththecurrentflowsis

    .
    22

    Then Integratetoget .
    23

    CIRCUITS Circuitelements:

    24

    Othersymbolswillbeaddedafterwe discussmagnetism. InternalResistance Twopoints: Ifnocurrentisinacircuitelementthereis nopotentialdropacrosstheelement. Batterieshaveinternalresistance.


    25

    Thefigureisofa12Vbatterywithno currentinthecircuit. Thevoltmeterwillread12V. Butifthereiscurrent:


    26

    Thevoltmeterwillreadlessthan12V. Whatisthecurrentinthecircuit?
    27

    Whatwillthevoltmeterread?
    28

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