CONTROL ENGINEERING

Introduction
Technology development in 20th century have made
possible
High speed bullet trains Exotic vehicles Safe, comfortable and efficient automobiles Military aircraft Huge transport and luxury ships Efficient robotic assembly lines etc..

The successful operation of all these systems depends on

the proper functioning of the large number of control systems used in such ventures.

Introduction to Control Systems

Example 1 The setting of the darkness knob or timer, represents the input quantity and the degree of darkness and crispness of the toast produces is output quantity.

If the degree of darkness is not

satisfactory, this condition can in no way automatically alter the length of timer that heat is applied.

Introduction to Control Systems

Example 2 The dc shunt motor in figure is another example . For a given value of field current a required value of voltage is applied to the armature to produce the desired value of motor speed. A variation of the speed from the desired value, due to a change of mechanical load on the shaft, can in no way cause a change in the value of the applied armature voltage to maintain the desired speed. Therefore, the output quantity has no influence on the input quantity.

Open Loop Control Systems

System in which the output quantity has no effect upon
the input quantity are called open loop control systems. The examples just cited are represented symbolically by a functional block diagram, as shown in figure below

Heating Example
Motor Example

Close Loop Control System

Systems in which the output has a direct effect upon the
input quantity are called close loop control system

Comparison element Control unit Correction unit Process plant Measuring device Reference input Controlled variable

Close Loop Control System

Example of person with thermometer Speed control of motor

Block diagram
Rules

Modeling

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System

Translational Mechanical System