VOIP

1. VoIP l g
1.1 Khi nim:
VoIP vit tt bi Voice over Internet Protocol, hay cn c gi di cc tn khc nh: Internet telephony, IP Telephony, Broadband telephony, Broadband Phone v Voice over Broadband. VoIP l 1 cng ngh cho php truyn ting ni qua bng thng Internet s dng b giao thc TCP/IP. Trong tn hiu m thanh (voice signal) s c chuyn i thnh cc gi tp (data packets) thng qua mi trng mng Internet, sau li c chuyn thnh tn hiu m n thit b ngi nhn. Cng ngh ny bn cht l da trn chuyn mch gi, nhm thay th cng ngh truyn thoi c dng chuyn mch knh. N nn (ghp) nhiu knh thoi trn mt ng chuyn tn hiu, v nhng tn hiu ny c truyn qua mng Internet, v th c th gim gi thnh.

1.2 u im v khuyt im
1.2.1 u im:
Gim chi ph in thoi ng di Truyn voice di dng s nn chng nhiu tt C s h tng c sn nh internet, PSTN C ng Giao thc DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) cho php thay i v tr ca in thoi bt c ni no ta mun m vn khng thay i s in thoi Ch cn click chut thc hin cuc gi Dch v a dng: C th p dng cho hu ht cc yu cu ca giao tip thoi, t cuc m thoi n gin cho n cuc gi hi ngh nhiu ngi phc tp, Fax over IP (FoIP), Click2-Dial, Video Conference, voice chat, voice mail Thng tin c nn dung lng thp gim c lu lng mng, hiu sut ng truyn s cao

 C c ch pht hin khong lng khng c ting ni lm tng hiu sut so vi mng PSTN. Tit kim bng thng.

1.2.2 Khuyt im:

Kh t c thi gian thc do: K thut nn v Mng s liu c xy dng khng cho mc ch truyn thoi thi gian thc. Ting vng Cht lng cuc gi b nh hng do k thut nn v mt gi trn ng truyn

1.3

ng dng:

Thoi thng minh: Gia mng my tnh v mng in thoi tn ti mt mi lin h. Internet cung cp cch gim st v iu khin cc cuc thoi mt cch tin li hn. Chng ta c th thy c kh nng kim sot v iu khin cc cuc thoi thng qua mng Internet. Fax over IP (FoIP): l t vit tt ca Fax over IP (Fax qua IP) v l qu trnh gi v nhn fax thng qua mng VOIP. Fax qua IP lm vic vi T38 v i hi phi c mt gateway VOIP lm vic c vi T38 v mt my fax, th iu khin fax hoc phn mm fax tng thch vi T38. Cc my fax hin i a tnh nng u h tr T38. Cc phn mm fax server c th ni chuyn vi T38 th c th gi v nhn fax trc tip qua gateway VOIP v do khng cn phi c thm phn cng fax. Hin ti, hu ht cc my fax server u yu cu s dng trnh iu khin EICON SoftIP hoc Cantata FOIP vi giy php s dng ring bit gi v nhn fax m khng cn phn cng fax. Click-2-Dial cho php cc nh doanh nghip c th a thm cc phm bm ln trang web kt ni ti h thng in thoi ca h. Truy cp cc trung tm tr li in thoi:Truy nhp n cc trung tm phc v khch hng qua mng Internet s thc y mnh m thng mi in t. Dch v ny s cho php mt khch hng c cu hi v mt sn phm c cho hng qua Internet c cc nhn vin cng ty tr li trc tuyn.

2. Cu hnh mng c bn
2.1 M hnh chung:

u tin tn hiu thoi cng c s ho, nhng sau thay v truyn trn mng PSTN qua cc trng chuyn mch, chng s c nn xung tc thp, ng gi v chuyn ln mng IP. Ti bn nhn, cc gi tin ny c gii nn thnh cc lung PCM 64Kbps truyn n thu bao b gi. S khc nhau chnh l mng truyn dn v khun dng thng tin dng truyn dn.

2.2 Cc kiu kt ni
C 3 kiu kt ni chnh trong m hnh VoIP: IP to IP, IP to Phone v Phone to IP, Phone to Phone:

2.2.1

IP to IP: bao gm PC ti PC, IP Phone ti IP Phone

PC ti PC vi 1 knh truyn Internet c sn, L 1 dch v min ph c s dng rng ri khp ni trn th gii. Ch cn ngi gi (caller) v ngi nhn ( receiver) s dng chung 1 VoIP service (Skype,MSN,Yahoo Messenger,), 2 headphone + microphone, sound card . Cuc hi thoi l khng gii hn V d: Skype,MSN,Yahoo Messenger

2.2.2
thoi:

IP to Phone v Phone to IP bao gm PC ti in thoi, IP Phone ti in

M hnh PC to in thoi ci tin hn so vi m hnh PC to PC.M hnh ny cho php ngi s dng my tnh c th thc hin cuc gi n mng PSTN thng thng v ngc li.Trong m hnh ny my tnh mun kt ni c vi PSTN phi s dng mt thit b c bit gi l Gateway VoIP, nhim v ca Gateway ny l thc hin chuyn i tn hiu cn thit ph hp vi mng in thoi. y l 1 dch v c ph. Bn phi tr tin c 1 account + software (VDC,Evoiz,Netnam,). Vi dch v ny 1 my PC c kt ni ti 1 my in thoi thng thng bt c u ( tu thuc phm vi cho php trong danh sch cc quc gia m nh cung cp cho php). Ngi gi s b tnh ph trn lu lng cuc gi v khu tr vo ti khon hin c. u im: i vi cc cuc hi thoi quc t, ngi s dng s tn t ph hn 1 cuc hi thoi thng qua 2 my in thoi thng thng. Chi ph r, d lp t Nhc im: cht lng cuc gi ph thuc vo kt ni internet v service nh cung cp

2.2.3

Phone to Phone:

M hnh Phone to Phone s dng Internet lm phng tin kt ni cc mng PSTN li vi nhau.Trc khi kt ni vi mng Internet th mng PSTN phi thng qua mt thit b tng t nh m hnh Phone to PC l thit b Gateway.Khi tin hnh cuc gi mng PSTN s kt ni vi gateway gn nht, ti y i ch s c chuyn i t a ch ca PSTN thnh a ch IP c th nh tuyn cc gi tin n c mng ch.ng thi Gateway cn c nhim v chuyn i tn hiu thoi thng thng thnh dng s sau m ha, nn, ng gi v gi i trn mng. Mng ch cng c kt ni vi Gateway v c nhim v ngc li, chuyn i a ch IP thnh a ch ca PSTN v d liu nhn c s c gii nn, gii m ri chuyn i ngc li thnh tn hiu thoi. L 1 dch v c ph. Bn khng cn 1 kt ni Internet m ch cn 1 VoIP adapter kt ni vi my in thoi. Lc ny my in thoi tr thnh 1 IP phone V d: in thoi ng di 171

2.3 Cc thnh phn ca h thng VoIP

Cc thnh phn ct li ca 1 mng VoIP bao gm: Gateway, VoIP Server, IP network, End User Equipments

2.3.1
ngc li)

Gateway: l thnh phn gip chuyn i tn hiu analog sang tn hiu s (v

VoIP gateway : l cc gateway c chc nng lm cu ni gia mng in thoi thng ( PSTN ) v mng VoIP. VoIP GSM Gateway: l cc gateway c chc nng lm cu ni cho cc mng IP, GSM v c mng analog.

2.3.2

VoIP server : l cc my ch trung tm c chc nng nh tuyn v bo mt

cho cc cuc gi VoIP; ng k, xc thc ngi s dng; Dch a ch trong mng Trong mng H.323 chng c gi l gatekeeper. Trong mng SIP cc server c gi l SIP server.

2.3.3

End user equipments (Thit b u cui) :

- Softphone v my tnh c nhn (PC) : bao gm 1 headphone, 1 phn mm v 1 kt ni Internet. Cc phn mm min ph ph bin nh Skype, Ekiga, GnomeMeeting, Microsoft Netmeeting, SIPSet, .. - in thoi truyn thng vi IP adapter: s dng dch v VoIP th my in thoi thng dng phi gn vi 1 IP adapter c th kt ni vi VoIP server. Adapter l 1 thit b c t nht 1 cng RJ11 ( gn vi in thoi) , RJ45 ( gn vi ng truyn Internet hay PSTN) v 1 cng cm ngun. - IP phone : l cc in thoi dng ring cho mng VoIP. Cc IP phone khng cn VoIP Adapter bi chng c tch hp sn bn trong c th kt ni trc tipvi cc VoIP server

3. Phng thc hot ng:

VoIP chuyn i tn hiu ging ni thng qua mi trng mng (IP based network). Do vy, trc ht ging ni (voice) s c chuyn i thnh cc bits ( digital bits) v c ng gi thnh cc packet, sau cc packet c truyn ti qua mng IP network v cui cng s c chuyn li thnh tn hiu m thanh n ngi nghe.

Tin trnh hot ng ca VoIP thng qua 2 bc:

3.1 Call Setup: Trong qu trnh ny , ngi gi s phi xc nh v tr ( thng qua a

ch ca ngi nhn) v yu cu 1 kt ni lin lc vi ngi nhn. Khi proxy server xc nh a ch ngi nhn c tn ti th cc proxy server gia 2 bn s thit lp 1 cuc kt ni cho qu trnh trao i d liu voice

3.2 Voice data processing: C 2 giai on chuyn i trong thc hin cuc gi VoIP

3.2.1

Tn hiu thoi chuyn i thnh gi tin: Tn hiu ging ni (analog) s

c chuyn i sang tn hiu s (digital) ri c nn li nhm tit kim bng thng ng truyn (bandwidth) sau s c m ha tng tnh bo mt. Cc voice samples sau s c chn vo cc gi d liu c vn chuyn trn mng. Giao thc dng cho cc gi voice ny l RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol). Mt gi tin RTP c cc field u cha d liu cn thit cho vic bin dch li cc gi tin sang tn hiu voice thit b ngi nghe. Cc gi tin voice c truyn i bi giao thc UDP.

3.2.2

Gi tin c chuyn i thnh tn hiu thoi: thit b cui, tin trnh

c thc hin ngc li

4. Cc giao thc ca VoIP (VoIP protocols) :

Trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi v duy tr cuc gi, VoIP cn 2 loi giao thc : Signaling protocol v Media Protocol.

Signaling Protocols: giao thc bo hiu, iu khin vic thit lp cuc gi. Cc loi signaling protocols bao gm cc giao thc chun nh H.323, SIP, MGCP, Megaco/H.248 v cc loi giao thc c bn quyn ring nh UNISTIM, SCCP, Skype, CorNet-IP, Media Protocols: giao thc iu khin vic truyn ti voice data qua mi trng mng IP. Cc loi Media Protocols nh: RTP ( Real-Time Transport Protocol) ,RTCP (RTP control Protocol) , SRTP (Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol), v SRTCP (Secure RTCP)

Signaling Protocol nm tng TCP v cn tin cy cao, trong khi Media Protocol nm trong tng UDP

Cc nh cung cp c th s dng cc giao thc ring hay cc giao thc m da trn nn ca 1 trong 2 giao thc tiu chun quc t l H.323 v SIP. V d Nortel s dng giao thc UNISTIM (Unified Network Stimulus), Cisco s dng giao thc SCCP ( Signaling Connection Control Part) Nhng giao thc ring ny gy kh khn trong vic kt ni gia cc sn phm ca cc hng khc nhau.

Gii thiu mt s giao thc chnh:

4.1 Signaling Protocols:

H323: y l giao thc chun ca ITU. Giao thc ny ban u c pht trin cho h thng a phng tin(multimedia) trong mi trng khng hng kt ni (connectionless), nh LAN. H323 l chun nh ngha tt c tin trnh lin quan n vn ng b cho thoi, video, v truyn d liu. H323 nh ngha tn hiu cuc gi end-toend. MGCP: Chun c pht trin iu khin gateway cho h thng PSTN. MGCP nh ngha cc qui tc kim sot gateway ca VoIP m kt ni vi thit b iu khin cuc gi bn ngoi (call agent). SIP: y l giao thc chi tit xc nh nhng yu cu (request) v p ng (response) thit lp hay kt thc cuc gi. SIP cng m t chi tit v cc tnh nng nh bo mt (security), s y nhim (proxy), vn chuyn (transport). SIP nh ngha c ch bo hiu cuc gi end-to end gia cc thit b.

4.2 Media Protocols:

 RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol): Giao thc chun ca IETF cung cp chc nng vn chuyn d liu c tnh cht thi gian thc (real-time). RTP mang d liu thoi qua mng. RTP cung cp s trnh t v thng s thi gian (time stamp) x l ng th t ca gi tin thoi. RTCP (Real-time Control Protocol): c nhim v gim st cht lng dch v, nh gi cht lng truyn tin v mang cc thng tin v cc thnh vin ang tham gia trong nhm.

Bi bo co ny ch tp trung vo giao thc SIP

5. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Trc y khi cp n VoIP, tiu chun quc t thng c cp n l H.323. Giao thc H.323 l chun do ITU-T pht trin cho php truyn thng a phng tin qua cc h thng da trn mng chuyn mch gi, tp giao thc H.323 bao gm rt nhiu giao thc con bn trong n nh H.245, H.225, Q.931...hot ng da trn H.323 rt cht ch v phc tp. Nhng nhng nm tr li y th giao thc SIP li chim u th v dn dn thay th hn H.323, v VoIP l mt trong nhng dch v s rt pht trin trong tng lai.

5.1 SIP l g
SIP c pht trin bi IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). SIP l giao thc bo hiu iu khin lp ng dng c dng thit lp, duy tr, kt thc cc phin truyn thng a phng tin (multimedia). Cc phin multimedia bao gm thoi Internet, hi ngh, v cc ng dng tng t c lin quan n cc phng tin truyn t (media) nh m thanh, hnh nh, v d liu. SIP c kin trc tng t nh HTTP (giao thc client-server). SIP dng cc yu cu (request) v p ng (response) tng ng thit lp mt phin gi. SIP s dng cc gi tin INVITE v ACK x l v thit lp mt knh tin cy truyn cc gi tin kim sot cuc gi. SIP h tr cc phin n b (unicast) cho cuc gi im ti im v qung b (multicast) cho cuc gi a im. SIP c s dng kt hp vi cc chun giao thc IETF khc nh l SAP, SDP v MGCP (MEGACO) cung cp mt lnh vc rng hn cho cc dch v VoIP.

5.2 SIP cung cp cc dch v:

- nh v ngi dng: xc nh thit b kt cui s dng giao tip - Thit lp cuc gi: reo chung v gi cc thng s cuc gi c 2 my gi v my nhn - Tnh sn sng ca ngi dng: xc nh ngi c gi c sn sng tham gia cuc gi - Kh nng ngi dng: xc nh phng tin (media) v cc thng s phng tin s dng - Gi cuc gi: truyn v kt thc cuc gi

5.3 Cc thnh phn ca SIP

5.3.1 User agent (UA): l 1 ng dng khi to, nhn v kt thc cuc gi
User Agent Client (UAC): l thit b h tr giao thc SIP nh SIP phone, khi to cuc gi + kt thc cuc gi User Agent Server (UAS): l thit b trong mng x l cc bn tin SIP chp nhn hoc khng chp nhn cuc gi + kt thc cuc gi

5.3.2 SIP Server: c 4 loi

Proxy Server: my ch y quyn L thc th trong mng SIP hot ng va l client va l server, lm nhim v chuyn tip cc SIP request ti thc th khc trong mng. Thc th ny c s dng to ra cc request thay cho cc client. Nh vy, chc nng chnh ca n trong mng l nh tuyn cho cc bn tin n ch. Proxy Server c th bin dch khi cn, sa i 1 phn ca bn tin yu cu trc khi chuyn i. Proxy server cng cung cp cc chc nng xc thc trc khi cho khai thc dch v. Mt proxy c th lu (stateful) hoc khng lu trng thi (stateless) ca bn tin trc . Thng thng, proxy c lu trng thi, chng duy tr trng thi trong sut transaction (khong 32 giy).

 Redirect Server: my ch chuyn tip L server nhn cc yu cu SIP, sp xp cc a ch v tr a ch v pha client. Khc vi Proxy Server, Redirect Server khng t khi to ra cc yu cu SIP ca ring n. ng thi n cng khg chp nhn hay hy cuc gi ging nh USA.

Registar Server: my ch qun l vic ng k L server chp nhn cc yu cu REGISTER v cp nht thng tin t bn tin request vo location database nm trong Location Server, server ny c th h tr thm tnh nng xc thc, ng thi hot ng vi proxy hoc redirect server a ra cc dch v khc.

Location Server: my ch nh v, lu thng tin trng thi hin ti ca ngi dng trong mng SIP c s dng bi SIP redirect hoc proxy server ly thng tin v a im ca ngi c gi.

Ngi s dng phi ng k vi Registrar v a ch ca h. Nhng thng tin ny s c lu tr vo Location Server. Cc gi tin SIP s c gi thng qua cc Proxy Server hay cc Redirect Server. Proxy Server da vo tiu To trn gi tin lin lc vi server cn lin lc ri gi cc packets cho my ngi nhn. Cc redirect server ng thi gi thng tin li cho ngi gi ban u.

5.4 Thng ip SIP

INVITE : bt u thit lp cuc gi bng cch gi bn tin mi u cui khc tham gia ACK : bn tin ny khng nh my trm nhn c bn tin tr li bn tin INVITE BYE : bt u kt thc cuc gi CANCEL : hy yu cu nm trong hng i REGISTER : u cui SIP s dng bn tin ny ng k vi my ch ng k OPTION : s dng xc nh nng lc ca my ch

 INFO : s dng ti cc thng tin nh m bo DTMF

Mt s method ph: REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, MESSAGE, UPDATE, PRACK.

5.5 Phn hi SIP

1xx: Phn hi thng tin 100: ang th : my c gi tip nhn c yu cu bn gi v gi bn tin ny mang tnh cht phn hi th 180: chung : My c gi chung, v gi bn tin chung v cho bn gi. 181: cuc gi ang chuyn hng: May c gi lp trnh chuyn hng n mt my khc trong khi n ang bn hoc khng x l cuc gi ca bn gi. 182 : ang xp hng i : ch i v c nhiu yu cu n cng lc 183: Phin ang tin hnh: C phin cuc gi khc ang c tin hnh vi my c gi

2xx: Phn hi thnh cng 200 OK phn hi thnh cng : c dng khi bn c yu cu tr li thnh cng yu cu ca bn yu cu: v d trn ta dng hai bn tin 200 ok. Trong bn tin u tin do my c gi phn hi li my gi khi n tr li thnh cng bn tin chung. Cn trong bn tin 200 OK th hai do my gi phn hi n my c gi khi n gi thnh cng cuc gi v chp nhn kt thc cuc gi. 3xx: Phn hi chuyn hng 300: c nhiu la chn 301: di i vnh vin 302: tm thi di i 305: dng proxy 380: dch v thay th

4xx: Yu cu tht bi 400: yu cu sai 401: khng c quyn: ch dng vi c quan ng kim, cc proxy phi dng yu cu cp

php cho proxy 407 402: yu cu tr tin d tr phng trong tng lai: V d khi bn dng in thoi di ng, tin trong ti khon ca bn gn ht, trc khi thit lp cuc gi theo yu cu ca bn th tng i s thm mt thng bo:"Ti khon ca bn sp ht , xin vui lng np thm c th tip tc s dng"... 403: cm 404: Khng tm thy ngi dng:"Thu bao qu khch va gi Khng c, xin vui lng th li" 405: Phng thc khng c php 406: Khng c chp nhn 407: cn c s cp php cho proxy 408: yu cu b ht gi : Khng tm thy ngi dng trong thi gian cho php 410: khng cn , ngi dng tng tn ti nhng by gi khng cn c s dng na:"Thu bao qu khch va gi hin ang tm kha, mong qu khch vui lng gi li sau" 413: n v yu cu qu ln: "cuc gi khng th thc hin c" 414: URI ca yu cu qu ti :"mng qu ti" 415: kiu phng tin khng c h tr: v d : tin nhn a phng tin khng th gi n v nhn t mt s my di ng khng h trn GPRS 416: gin URI khng c h tr 420: phn m rng khng ng: S dng phn m rng ca giao thc SIP khng ng nn my ch khng hiu c 421: Yu cu c phn m rng 423: Qung qu ngn 480: tm thi khng hot ng 481: cuc gi/giao dch khng tn ti 482: pht hin thy lp 483: qu nhiu chng trung tuyn 484:a ch khng hon chnh 485: ti ngha 486: ang bn 487: yu cu b chm dt 488: Khng c chp nhn ti y 491: yu cu ang ch

493: khng th gii m c : Khng th gii m phn thn ca S/MIME

5xx: Li my ch 500: li bn trong my ch 501: cha khai bo: Phng thc yu cu SIP ny cha c khai bo y 502: gateway sai 503: dch v khng c 505: phin bn khng c h tr: My ch khng h tr giao thc SIP ny 513: thng ip qu ln

6xx: Tht bi ton cc 600: tt c mi ni u bn 603: t chi 604: khng tn ti bt c u 606: Khng c chp nhn

5.6 Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP

Trc tin ta tm hiu hot ng ca my ch y quyn v my ch chuyn i

5.6.1 Hot ng ca Proxy Server

Hot ng ca Proxy server c trnh by nh trong hnh .Client SIP userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho userB@hotmail.com mi tham gia cuc gi. Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho UserB min hotmail.com, bn tin ny n proxy server SIP ca min hotmail.com (Bn tin INVITE c th i t Proxy server SIP ca min yahoo.com v c Proxy ny chuyn n Proxy server ca min hotmail.com). + Bc 2: Proxy server ca min hotmail.com s tham kho server nh v (Location server) quyt nh v tr hin ti ca UserB. + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li v tr hin ti ca UserB (gi s l UserB@hotmail.com). + Bc 4: Proxy server gi bn tin INVITE ti userB@hotmail.com. Proxy server thm a ch ca n trong mt trng ca bn tin INVITE. + Bc 5: UAS ca UserB p ng cho server Proxy vi bn tin 200 OK. + Bc 6: Proxy server gi p ng 200 OK tr v userA@yahoo.com. + Bc 7: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin ACK cho UserB thng qua proxy server.

+ Bc 8: Proxy server chuyn bn tin ACK cho userB@hostmail.com + Bc 9: Sau khi c hai bn ng tham d cuc gi, mt knh RTP/RTCP c m gia hai im cui truyn tn hiu thoi. + Bc 10: Sau khi qu trnh truyn dn hon tt, phin lm vic b xa bng cch s dng bn tin BYE v ACK gia hai im cui. 5.6.2 Hot ng ca Redirect Server:

Hot ng ca Redirect Server c trnh by nh hnh . Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: Redirect server nhn c yu cu INVITE t ngi gi (Yu cu ny c th i t mt proxy server khc). + Bc 2: Redirect server truy vn server nh v a ch ca B. + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li a ch ca B cho Redirect server. + Bc 4: Redirect server tr li a ch ca B n ngi gi A. N khng pht yu cu INVITE nh proxy server. + Bc 5: User Agent bn A gi li bn tin ACK n Redirect server xc nhn s trao i thnh cng. + Bc 6: Ngi gi A gi yu cu INVITE trc tip n a ch c tr li bi Redirect server (n B). Ngi b gi B p ng vi ch th thnh cng (200 OK), v ngi gi p tr bn tin ACK xc nhn. Cuc gi c thit lp.

Ngoi ra SIP cn c cc m hnh hot ng lin mng vi SS7 (n PSTN) hoc l lin mng vi chng giao thc H.323.

5.6.3 Mt v d v cuc gi in gia hai in thoi SIP

1- u tin : My gi gi mt bn tin INVITE n my c gi 2- Sau : My c gi tr li bn tin 100Trying th 3-Khi chung ca my c gi ku, ng thi my c gi gi bn tin 180 Ringging v cho my gi, v my gi s nghe thy ting chung ku (dng chung c nh dng ring, khng hn ging ting chung ca my c gi ku m ta nghe thy c) 4-Khi my oc gi c ngi nhc my th my c gi s tr li bn tin 200 OK v cho my gi 5-My gi p tr bng bn tin ACK , ng thi cuc gi c thit lp. Trong qu trnh trao

i thng tin gia hai my thc cht l trao i cc bn tin RTP theo giao thc RTP. 6-Khi mun kt thc cuc gi . Bn c gi dp my, ng thi bn tin BYE c gi n my gi, my gi p tr bng bn tin 200 OK v cuc gi chnh thc c kt thc.