A Technical Seminar Report on

VORONOI DIAGRAM TO PLACE BASE-STATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
In

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
By

N.RAGHU (11J91D2508)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

VIDYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)

PEMBARTHI(V), JANAGAON(M), WARANGAL(DT). A.P. INDIA -506201

Ph: 08716- 288146,288289
www.vbit.co.in
2011 2012

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

VIDYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)

PEMBARTHI(V), JANAGAON(M), WARANGAL(DT). A.P. INDIA -506201

Ph: 08716- 288146,288289
www.vbit.co.in
2011 2012

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Technical Seminar Report entitled VORONOI
DIAGRAM TO PLACE BASE-STATION is a bonafide work done by N.RAGHU
(11J91D2508) in the partial fulfillment Master of Technology in Software Engineering
during the year 2011 2012.

CO-ORDINATOR

HOD

PRINCIPAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is my esteemed pleasure to present myself through this desertion.
I take this opportunity to extend our heartily thanks to Prof. Y. Ranga Reddy,
Principal,

Vidya

Bharathi

Institute

of

Technology,

PEMBARTHI(V),

JANAGAON(M), WARANGAL(DT) for his moral support and encouragement.

I wish to express deep sense of gratitude to Mr. M. BHASKAR, Head of CSE
Department, for his valuable suggestions and co-operation.
I wish to express deep sense of gratitude to Mr. CH. ANIL CARIE., our
coordinator, for his valuable suggestions and co-operation.
I am thankful to the entire faculty in my Computer Science Engineering
Department, for their valuable suggestions and co-operation.
I wish to express my gratitude and thanks to all people who helped in making
this report.
I greatly indebted to my family members, friends who directly or indirectly
helped me to complete this Seminar Report.

Yours sincerely,
N.RAGHU
(11J91D2508)

ABSTRACT
In the context of mobile communication, there is no efficient algorithm for the
placement of base-station. The objective is to place a given number of base-stations in
a given convex region, and to assign range to each of them such that every point in the
region is covered by at least one base-station, and the maximum range assigned is
minimized. It is basically covering a region by a given number of equal radius circles
where the objective is to minimize the radius.
We develop an efficient algorithm for this problem using VORONOI
DIAGRAM which works for covering a convex region of arbitrary shape. Existing
results for this problem are available when the region is a square or an equilateral
triangle. But the execution time of our algorithm is a fraction of a second, whereas the
existing methods may even take about two weeks time for a reasonable value of the
number of circles.

Content
1. INTRODUCTION

2. SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 Assumptions and Approach

2.2 Related Works

3. VORONOI DIAGRAM

4. PROPERTIES OF VORONOI DIAGRAM

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF VORONOI DIAGRAM

5.1 One site

5.2 Two sites

5.3 Collinear Sites

5.4 Non-Collinear sites

10

5.5 Voronoi Cells and segments

11

6. CONSTRUCTION OF VORONOI DIAGRAM

6.1 Sweep Line approach Algorithm Description

12
12

6.1.1 Properties of beach line

14

6.1.2 Pseudo code

14

6.2 Divide and Conquer approach Algorithm Description

16

6.3 Incremental Method

19

6.4 Plain Sweep Method

21

7. ALGORITHM

23

7.1 Complexity of the process

26

7.2 Things to be taken care

26

8. CONSTRUCTION STEPS

27

8.1 Illustration

27

8.2 Step I

28

8.3 Step II

30

8.4 Step III

32

8.5 Step IV (Refinement/optimization)

36

CONCLUSION

38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

39

List of figures
Fig.3.1. Voronoi diagram ..................................................................................................... 3
Fig.4.1. Voronoi region ........................................................................................................ 4
Fig.5.1 Voronoi diagram for 1 site ...................................................................................... 5
Fig.5.2. Voronoi diagram for 2 sites ................................................................................... 6
Fig.5.3. Voronoi diagram for collinear sites ...................................................................... 7
Fig.5.4. Voronoi diagram for non-Collinear sites ............................................................. 8
Fig.5.5. Voronoi cell ............................................................................................................. 9
Fig.6.1.1 Sweep line............................................................................................................ 11
Fig.6.2.1. Divide and conquer ........................................................................................... 14
Fig.6.2.2. Clipping wanted part ......................................................................................... 15
Fig.6.3.1 Incremental method. ........................................................................................... 18
Fig.7.1. voronoi diagram after plotting ............................................................................ 22
Fig.7.2. Formation of voronoi region ............................................................................... 23
Fig.8.1.Selecting radom points in matlab......................................................................... 27
Fig.8.2.Voronoi diagram of selected points ..................................................................... 28
Fig.8.3. Drawing Voronoi cells ......................................................................................... 29
Fig.8.4. Plottiong centers of circles .................................................................................. 30
Fig.8.5. Voronoi diagram for new centers ....................................................................... 31
Fig.8.6. Circumscribing circles for voronoi cells ............................................................ 32
Fig.8.7. New centers ........................................................................................................... 33
Fig.8.8. Position of base stations ....................................................................................... 34
Fig.8.9. Refinement ............................................................................................................. 35