Feasibility Study :the Chantry Bridge of Wakefield and The Chapel of ST Mary The Virgin

1
Standing in the middle of a bridge, floating over the river Calder an elaborative building whose decoration and ornamentations are barely noticeable anymore, laying under the layers of accumulated dirt, dust and smoke, grasping for attention and moaning for devotion. Against all circumstances, Its bottom intersects with the bridges and attaches itself to it in an unbreakable bond since it was first born six hundred and forty years ago.
An elderly chapel whose face has been changed three times during its life time, its body consist of the wrong stones. Stones very soft and fragile, shading away gradually with time. Peeling away with it layers of its history and crossing out chapters of its hidden story. Softly accumulating on its floor and getting brushed away by an elderly woman whos love and dedication eases some of the pain. Its context was invaded by a stranger who is so alien in its form and colour, a massive concrete building with edgy sharp corners, overlooking its premises from across the river. Since that invasion, more attention has been given to the elderly chapel, people started noticing it a little bit more, just because it is now located one stop along the way to the great new invader. The story unfolds.
1
MIND MAPPING
Figure.1
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ACKNOLODGEMENT
It is a pleasure to thank all those who made this study possible. First and foremost I thank almighty Allah for he granted me the well and power to pursuit my devotion and love to architecture. This study would not have been possible without the support, encouragement and supervision of our design tutor, John-Paul Walker. I would like also to extend my gratitude to Dr. Josephine Lintonbon the program coordinator for her continues attention and help. It is an honour for me to have met Kate Taylor, a member of the friends of the chantry chapel. Without her help much of this study would not have been possible. Finally I would like to also to thank Wakefield city council for their assistance and aid, especially Ms Helen Bower, and Mr Andrew Schoolar.
I owe to you my deepest gratitude.
VISION
Using heritage to Re-Bridge an interrupted Route.
Driving
CONCEPTS
Where the old plays in harmony with the new.
The city centre, the industrial boarders and the in between

A church for those who dont like going to church
A stand for healing on loose grounds
A Dose of history on the way to the gallery

To live deceitful or to die authentic?
A station in the path of knowledge

When living becomes harder than dying
REPORT LIMITATIONS
This Report has been produced for education purposes and not intended to be used in practice. The time frame for the production of the report was very limited therefore some of the information and materials were adopted from other resources.
The physical survey was mostly dependant on visual inspection and analysis. Measurements were taken with basic equipment and were analysed at a later stage. Further inspection by experts is needed to determine the condition of some elements. Some areas were not accessible and did not get proper inspection. Consequently, a proper closer look should be arranged and further investigation should be carried out.
The financial analysis is limited to identifying potential sources of funds. However, a thorough economic reading of the situation should be carried out before the final decision on the proposed scheme is made. Subsequent pages of this study include a concept for the conservation and regeneration of the chantry chapel and the old Wakefield Bridge in addition to the appropriate adaptation of adjacent facilities and sites to the overall new scheme. Due to the historical importance of the buildings in question and their architectural merit, options with extreme alterations and complete makeover are unlikely to receive the necessary approvals. Therefore, the chosen Proposals are very limited and restrained in the amount of adjustments and changes they require.
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Mind mapping diagram, decoding the key words of the project. 2. Report overview: A diagram illustrating the different phases in preparing the report and solving the problem. 3. Project location: The waterfront, Wakefield, United Kingdom. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 15, 2011]. 4. Arial views of the site and its context illustrating its location. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 15, 2011]. 5. Arial view presenting the location of the three bridges: The Chantry Bridge of Wakefield, The new bridge and the packhorse bridge. Image adopted from FaulknerBrowns and Belasis Business Centre, 2004. Wakefield Waterfront, Master plan Report. 6. Diagram illustrating the connection between the city centre, the Bridge, the chapel and the art gallery. 7. Diagram of rethinking the keywords of the project. 8. Green, E., 2010. Wakefield Chantry Chapel in the 1920s. Available at: http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/bridgechapels/bridgechapels.htm [Accessed November 10, 2011]. 9. Look and Learn history picture library, 2012. Wakefield Bridge and Chapel. Gresham Publishing. Available at: http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M093308/WakefieldBridge-and-Chapel?img=3&search=Wakefield Bridge&cat=all&bool=phrase [Accessed November 12, 2011]. 10. Blanck, M., 2004. 1790 Plan of the City of Wakefield. Available at: http://maggieblanck.com/Land/PhotosWakefield.html [Accessed October 30, 2011]. 11. Diagram illustrating the predicted locations of the four Chantry chapels that used to exist in Wakefield. Background image Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 20, 2011]. 12. Wilson, S., 2009. Painting of the chantry chapel of St Mary The Virgin. Ossett - the history of a Yorkshire town. Available at: http://www.ossett.net/14-15th.html [Accessed December 29, 2011]. 13. Diagram illustrating the different uses of the Chantry Chapel throughout its lifetime. 14. Diagram illustrating three historical timelines and the interconnection and relations between them. A. Timeline of major events in the United Kingdom history. B. Timeline of major events in the Chantry Bridge and chapel history. C. Timeline of architecture history and different eras in the field of architecture. 15. Sketch illustrating the construction of The Chantry Bridge of Wakefield, its expansion throughout history and its relationship to the chapel foundations. 16. Diagram illustrating values and significance of The Chantry Bridge and Chapel. 17. Continuation of diagram 16. 18. Wakefield Diocesan, 2005. Wakefield Anglican Diocese Logo. Available at: http://www.wakefield.anglican.org/ [Accessed December 25, 2011]. 19. Map illustrating the boarders of Wakefield waterfront conservation area. Wakefield City Council, 2011. Wakefield MDC - Conservation Area Maps, Available at: http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6C5B921E-FBE1-431F-87F9108A0978DFCC/0/ConservationAreaMaps2.pdf. 20. Map illustrating location of the Chapel of St Mary the Virgin upon Wakefield Bridge. English Heritage, 2011. CHAPEL OF ST MARY ON EAST SIDE OF WAKEFIELD BRIDGE. The National Heritage List for England. Available at: http://list.englishheritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1258242 [Accessed November 15, 2011]. 21. Map illustrating location of The Chantry Bridge of Wakefield. English Heritage, 2011. WAKEFIELD BRIDGE. The National Heritage List for England. Available at: http://list.englishheritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1273508 [Accessed November 15, 2011]. 22. Arial maps displaying the City, Local and immediate contexts of the site. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 13, 2011]. 23. Map illustrating the outline of Kirkgate regeneration scheme and different views of the immediate context of the bridge and chapel. Wakefield City Council, 2011. Kirkgate area regeneration outline. 24. Diagram illustrating pie charts of the results and findings of the informal interviews and questionnaires. 25. Continuation of figure 24. 26. The existing Chapel Floor Plan, November 2011. 27. The existing Crypt Floor Plan, November 2011. 28. The existing Section A-A, November 2011. 29. Images showing different problems associated with the chapel and bridge. A. Image of the eastern side of the bridge showing vandalism, neglect and trash accumulation. B. Image of the northern entrance of the bridge displaying the inappropriate location of the signs at the entrance of the bridge interrupting the visual entre of the passer-by. C. Map illustrating the weak connection between the city centre of Wakefield and the bridge. Faulkner Browns and Belasis Business Centre, 2004. Wakefield Waterfront, Master plan Report. D. Map illustrating the weak pedestrian connection between the bridge, the station, the car parking and the Hepworth.
LIST OF FIGURES
30. Image showing the western front of the chapel with its doors closed to the public and passer-bys investigating the situation. 31. Image outlining the boundary of the site in question. Faulkner Browns and Belasis Business Centre, 2004. Wakefield Waterfront, Master plan Report. 32. Sketch illustrating the location and connection between the different areas to be investigated. 33. Image illustrating the possible sites for regeneration and their interconnection. Background image Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 21, 2011]. 34. Image illustrating the location of the proposed sites for regeneration. Background image Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 21, 2011]. 35. Image illustrating the location of the train station. Background image Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed November 21, 2011]. 36. Set of images of events taking place on the bridge and the chapel. A-D. Party on a bridge event 2011. E. wedding ceremony 2010. F. The art walk 2010. 37. Diagram illustrating the proposed criteria to assess reuse options and the interconnection between them. 38. Sketches and diagrams exemplifying synergy of the different proposed options and uses in the possible regeneration sites. 39. Table showing the latest population statistics of Wakefield 2010. Office for national statistics, 2010. official labour market statistics. Available at: http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432032/report.aspx [Accessed January 5, 2012]. 40. Map showing the number and locations of art galleries in Wakefield. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed December 29, 2011]. 41. Map showing the number and locations of theatres in Wakefield. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed December 29, 2011]. 42. Image of the interior of Theatre Royal Wakefield. Wakefield Council, 2011. Theatre Royal Wakefield. Experience Wakefield. Available at: http://www.experiencewakefield.co.uk/attractions/thedms.aspx?dms=13&venue=21 90111 [Accessed January 7, 2012]. 43. Image of the exterior of Theatre Royal Wakefield. Osley, J., 2011. Theatre Royal, Wakefield . Theatre Royal, Wakefield (1894) near to Wakefield, Great Britain. Available at: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2649289 [Accessed January 7, 2012]. 44. Map showing the number and locations of markets in Wakefield. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed December 29, 2011]. 45. Map of the new regeneration areas in Wakefield. Wakefield City Council, 2011. Wakefield City Regeneration map. Wakefield City Regeneration. Available at: http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/default.htm [Accessed November 20, 2011]. 46. Arial image showing the location of the new market of Wakefield and Trinity walk shopping mall. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed January 10, 2012]. 47. Table illustrating the latest statistics regarding the educational levels obtained by the people of Wakefield. Office for national statistics, 2011. Qualifications. Labour Market Profile. Available at: http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432032/report.aspx [Accessed January 10, 2012]. 48. Images illustrating different meditation techniques. A. Singing bowls meditation. Meditation Gongs, 2011. How Tibetan Singing Bowls Work to Heal the Body and Mind. Available at: http://www.meditationgongs.net/how-do-tibetan-singing-bowls-work-soundhealing [Accessed January 12, 2012]. B.Contemplative relaxation. How To Meditate Properly, 2012. Meditation. Contemplative relaxation. Available at: http://howtomeditateproperly.net/ [Accessed January 12, 2012]. 49. Arial image showing the location of restaurants in Wakefield. Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk/ [Accessed January 10, 2012]. 50. Image of Trinity Walk shopping mall In Wakefield city centre, opened in 2011. BWB_Consulting, 2011. Trinity walk. Projects - Trinity Walk. Available at: http://www.bwbconsulting.com/projects/profile/22/trinity-walk [Accessed January 12, 2012]. 51. Diagram presenting SWAT analysis for the proposed option. 52. Diagram presenting the Delivery scheme of the proposed option. 53. Diagram presenting the proposed project phases timeline in relation to Wakefield regeneration plan timeline. 54. Image of an example of a modern room divider that could be used as space partition in the adaptive re-use of the chapel. Edy, 2011. Practical Room Divider. Modern Furniture Art. Available at: http://www.modernfurnitureart.com/keyword/practical-room-divider.html [Accessed December 30, 2011].
LIST OF FIGURES
55. Image of an example of a bean bag corner that could be used in the adaptive re-use 72. Image showing a live outdoor performance that could be interpreted in a bridge. of the chapel. Inspiration, 2011. Bean bag room. Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre. New York Theater, 2011. Outdoor Live preformance. Available at: Available at: http://www.rickyseabra.com/ISADORA THESIS CD/imagesfiles/tminus2.htmlhttp://orlandotheater.wordpress.com/category/performance-art/ [Accessed January 10, [Accessed January 1, 2012]. 2012]. 56. Image of an example of a meeting corner that could be used in the adaptive re-use 73. Image showing products in an outdoor market. of the chapel. Bene, 2012. Office Furniture. PARCS Idea Wall Low. Available at: 74. Image showing an example of outdoor office cubicles. Prasad, A., 2011. Office http://bene.com/office-furniture/parcs-idea-wall-low-by-pearsonlloyd/ [Accessed Cubicle. Tetra Shed funks up the old cubicle for your home office. Available at: January 2, 2012]. http://www.designbuzz.com/tetra-funks-cubicle-office.html [Accessed January 10, 57. Map illustrating the Void and its immediate context. 2012]. 58. Image illustrating an example on an open market in a garden. Francois Lombarts, 75. Image showing a sustainable product that could be used in light installation. aquini, 2011. Open Market. Available at: http://francoislombarts.com/?proj=3 [Accessed davide, 2010. bright LED . Available at: January 10, 2012]. http://www.designboom.com/contest/view.php?contest_pk=19&item_pk=16518&p=1 59. Image illustrating an example of an art installation in a garden. [Accessed January 9, 2012]. 60. Image illustrating an example of garden furniture for public use. Paul, R., 2009. 76/77/78/79 Image showing interactive light installation. CinimodStudio, 2011. Lawnge Chairs: Grassy Green Park Lounges in the Netherlands. Inhabitat. Available at: Interactive light intallation. interactive art. Available at: http://inhabitat.com/lawnge-chairs-grassy-green-park-lounges-in-the-netherlands/ http://randommization.com/2010/12/27/dj-light-responds-reacts-and-changes-colors[Accessed January 10, 2012]. to-the-movement-of-users/ [Accessed January 9, 2012]. 61. Image illustrating possible public activities in an open platform. Hutton, J., 2011. 80. Drawing of shading design for the bridge in connection to the Hepworth. Design Functional Garden Sculpture. Available at: http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/lookadopted from Ali Al Najjar Interior design project, University of Bahrain, 2011. functional-garden-sculptu-93526 [Accessed January 12, 2012]. 81. View from the chapel to the southern entrance of the bridge. 62. Map illustrating the Void and its immediate context. 82. Illustration graphic of the proposed scenario of interactive light installations on the 63. Image on an open market. bridge. 64. Image illustrating an example of a market. Hotel Capri, 2011. Open market in Vienna.83. View of the entrance of kirkgate train station. Available at: http://www.hotelcapri.at/naschmarkt-vienna.en.htm [Accessed January 10, 84. Illustration graphic of the proposed connection between the station and the 2012] activities on the bridge. 65. Image showing open market products. Market Blogger, 2009. Farmers Market at 85. Chapel floor plan for the first scenario: Community Centre. the Sowa Open Market. Available at: 86. Chapel floor plan for the second scenario : Healing Island ( meditation and relaxation http://southendopenmarket.typepad.com/marketblogger/2009/03/famers-market-at- centre ) the-sowa-open-market.html [Accessed January 10, 2012]. 87. Chapel floor plan for the third scenario : Cultural hub for performance arts 66. Image showing an outdoor restaurant. 88. The Crypt floor plan for a Storytelling Centre. layout 1 67. Map illustrating the bridge and its immediate context. 89. The Crypt floor plan for a Storytelling Centre. layout 2 68. Image showing an example of a light installation. 90. The Crypt floor plan for a Storytelling Centre. layout 3 69. Image showing an example of a light installation. 91. Map showing the proposed master plan in the third phase of the project. 70. Image showing an example of a light installation. 71. Image illustrating an example of an outdoor scholar space. The University of Chicago Library, 2011. A mecca for scholars. Available at: http://news.lib.uchicago.edu/blog/2011/09/22/a-mecca-for-scholars/ [Accessed January 10, 2012].
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INDEX
I Mind mapping II Acknowledgement III Vision IV Driving Concepts V Report Limitations VI list of Figures VII Index 1.0 Report Overview and Structure 2.0 Introduction 2.1 The Report, its objectives and members. 2.2 Study area and location. 2.3 Property details and directions. 3.0 Exclusive Summary: conclusions and recommendations. 3 4 10.3 Criteria for assessment 10.4 Extended lists for potential uses 10.5 Summary of options assessment 10.6 Refined lists of options for Re-use 10.7 Options for Re-use synergy 11.0 Options analysis 11.1 Market analysis for the proposed options 11.2 SWAT analysis: Identifying risks and potentials. 12.0 Implementation strategy 12.1 Delivery of the proposed option 12.2 Project phases and the corresponding uses 12.3 synergy and monthly schedule 12.4 Adaptability of the preferred option
47 48-.49 50.-51 52 53 54 54.-58 59 60 60 61
5
6 7 8.-10 11 12.-13 14 14 14 15
62
63 64 65 66 67.-69 70
17.-18
19 19.-21 22 23 24.-25 26 26 27.-28
4.0 Background
4.1 Historical Importance 4.2 History Timeline 4.3 Architectural Importance 4.4 Values and Significance 5.0 Legal Attributes 5.1 Ownership 5.2 Planning Context 6.0 Contextual Attributes 6.1 Context 6.2 Location 6.3 Community importance 7.0 Physical Attributes 7.1 Buildings description 7.2 Condition and Repairs 8.0 Current Context (The problem) 9.0 Conservation Philosophy 10.0 Options Selection 10.1 Possible regeneration locations 10.2 Current uses and activities
13.0 Preferred option.

13.1 The Void: Phase I & II 13.2 The Void: Phase III 13.3 The Bridge: Phase II & III 13.4 The Station: Phase II & III 13.5 The Chapel, first scenario : Community Centre 13.6 The Chapel, second scenario : Healing Island 13.7 The Chapel, third scenario : Cultural hub for performance arts
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72 73 74 75 76 76 77 78 79 80.-81 82
29 13.8 The Crypt: Storytelling Centre 29 13.9 Master Plan: Phase III 30 31.-32 14.0 Management plan 14.1 Roles and responsibilities. 14.2 Maintenance. 15.0 Financial analysis 16.0 Conclusion 17.0 Bibliography and Notes 18.0 Appendix
33
33.-34 35.-38 39.-40 41.-43 44 44.-45 46
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REPORT OVERVIEW
The current Situation
The Problem
Options for solutions
Option Selection
Option Testing
Implementation plan
Figure.2
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INTRODUCTION
REPORT STRUCTURE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND LEGAL ATTRIBUTES CONTEXTUAL ATTRIBUTES PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES CURRENT CONTEXT CONSERVATION PHILOSOPHY OPTIONS SELECTION OPTIONS ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY PREFERED SCHEME MANAGEMENT PLAN
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS CONCLUSION

BIBLOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
2.1 The report: objectives and members.
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements of Sheffield University. Unless otherwise stated, any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Wakefield City Council or The University of Sheffield. This report is submitted for educational purposes to the University of Sheffield. The objective for undertaking this study is to understand the historical importance of the buildings in question and advise on their regeneration and conservation. Subsequently, a recording and inspection of the Chantry chapel and bridge is required in addition to a comprehensive historical background research. Finally a coherent conservation and regeneration strategy is developed. The study took approximately three months to be produced by the author, a full time student in the program. Some of the work in this report is the outcome of group work undertaken by the author and another student in the same program. Preceding this report a group material archeology task was undertaken. The group assignment helped form the authors understanding of the study area, its historical significance in addition to its current use and setting within the contemporary built environment.
2.2 The study area and location

The study revolves around the chantry chapel located on Wakefield Bridge and its immediate context. The bridge and the chantry chapel are located south of Wakefield city center on Calder River. The chapel is located to the east side of the bridge. Across the road from the chapel, lays the Hepworth art gallery, one of Wakefield's most contemporary buildings opened in May 2011. Figure.3
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2.3 Property Details and directions
INTRODUCTION
Property Details 1
Name: The Chantry Chapel of St. Mary the Virgin and the Chantry Bridge, Wakefield. Otherwise known as St Marys Chapel upon the Wakefield Bridge Address: Wakefield Bridge, Wakefield, WF1
Directions1
By Road: Follow Doncaster Road (A638) out of Wakefield City center. Chantry Chapel is located on a medieval bridge running adjacent to Doncaster Road. (Medieval Bridge is closed to traffic) By Public Transport: Nearest train station: Wakefield Kirkgate Railway Station Nearest bus station: Wakefield Bus Station Figure.4
X1
15
KEY BRIDGE
NEW BRIDGE
PACKHORSE BRIDGE
THREE MAIN BRIDGES CONNECT THE TWO SIDES OF WAKEFIELD. THE CHANTRY BRIDGE (key project bridge) WAS THE FRST TO BE BUILT ALONG WITH THE PACKHORSE BRIDGE. LATER THE NEW WAKEFIELD BRIDGE WAS BUILT TO ACCOMMODATE THE HIGH TRAFFIC PRESSURE. TODAY THE CHANTRY BRIDGE IS USED FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT ONLY WHILE THE PACKHORSE BRIDGE IS NOT USED AT ALL.
Figure.5
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMMARY
conclusions and recommendations
The buildings in question set within a historical setting encompassing a lot of old vacant industrial buildings and mills. In 2010 the Hepworth art gallery was opened across the road from the chantry chapel and the old Wakefield Bridge. Fortunately, the existence of the Hepworth attracted more visitors to the forgotten area. The context immediately witnessed an increased number of visitors, something that was not perceived before. Although the Hepworth assisted the situation, there still seems to be a huge gap and a missing link between the city center and the site which makes re-bridging this gap very important. The intent of this scheme is to bring closer those important heritage assets to the general public of Wakefield and comply with the overall regeneration agenda of Wakefield city center to develop and regenerate the waterfront area.
This study shows that the development of the waterfront is possible using the existing architecturally rich urban fabric. A conservation led urban regeneration scheme is undertaken to revive the area using its own identity and uniqueness.
The aim of the proposed scheme is to transform the old bridge of Wakefield and the chantry chapel from their presence as deteriorating architectural assets to an attractive vibrant destination for the residents of Wakefield and the visitors of the city, complying with the overall regeneration agenda of Wakefields city council and their plans for the rejuvenation of Wakefield as a central hub for culture and arts.
Currently, the old Wakefield Bridge has a very poor pedestrian connection to the city center and the Hepworth art gallery. Although, structurally it is in a good condition, it suffers from vandalism and neglect. The bridge is not being used frequently by the public because of its location and the abundant surrounding context it sets itself within.
The chapel on the other hand is in a good condition however also suffers from under appreciation of the public. Its limited activities and opening hours makes it hard for the people of Wakefield and visitors of the city to frequently stopover the place. Currently the chapel is perceived by many visitors as a small historical architectural merit that is worth going to on the way to the art gallery. Considering the importance and architectural significance of the bridge and chapel, leaving them in such condition is not acceptable, a regeneration agenda is essential to bring back life into the area and re-bridging the missing connection between those buildings, the city center and the public.
The chantry chapel and the old bridge of Wakefield are both listed grade I buildings and scheduled monuments (see appendix 1). They are two of the most significant and important historical architectural features of Wakefield. However, unfortunately they are underappreciated by the general public due to many reasons but most importantly because they are located on the outer edges of the city away from the vibrant city center. The connection between the city center and the two buildings is very complex and inappropriate which resulted in the disconnection between the public, their interests and those buildings leading to a gradual underestimation of their importance.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMMARY
conclusions and recommendations
The transformation of the bridge and chapel into a vibrant cultural and social destination enforced with attractive uses and functions will generate major economic benefits and jobs opportunities for the waterfront and the city of Wakefield in general. Furthermore, it will ensure the sustainability of the two structures and their significance on the long run. The transformation of the area will complement the overall development agenda and challenge the ongoing regeneration of the center of Wakefield. Many challenges and obstacles present themselves giving the current situation. Those need to be addressed to enable the successful completion of the proposed scheme. Some of the challenges include: neglect, the current condition of the buildings, urgent repairs and protection, policy and planning restrictions, complicated and interrupted pedestrian connections, lack of parking facilities, flood risk etc. This proposed plan for the conservation and regeneration of the Chantry Bridge and chapel set out a new vision for the site and its immediate context, a strategy to comply with the overall vision for the city by utilizing the support and investment of the public sector in addition to all the resources and funds needed to overcome the presented obstacles and create a sustainable environment, long term viability and an attractive setting for the private sector to deliver new functions and uses. City Centre
WATERFRONT
Bridge
chapel
Gallery Figure.6 Key features of the proposed scheme: Setting up managing, advisory and consultation groups to ensure long term sustainability of the proposed scheme. Developing fundraising strategy and Applying for funding from several funding organizations. Developing a business plan and ensuring economic viability. Seeking professional expertise for the evaluation of the proposal and the inspection of the buildings. Minor repairs, conservation and protection for the historic buildings. Arranging for the relocation of the inappropriately located signs and fire protection amenities on site. Setting up regular maintenance and management schedule. Improving public access by refining the pedestrian movement and the connections to the city center in addition to the adjacent facilities. Flood defense structures and protection facilities. Allocation of appropriate parking spaces. Long and short term change in the mix of uses on site. Connecting the Chantry Bridge and chapel to adjacent vacant urban voids. Rental of storage facilities in one of the adjacent vacant industrial buildings.
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The Chantry Chapel
The Chantry Bridge
Figure.7
The In-between
The Water
The Void
The Opportunity
BACKGROUND
4.1 Historical Importance
The chantry chapel of St Mary The Virgin was built in 1342 by townsmen of Wakefield, as part of the new stone chantry bridge replacing the older wooden one, which was marked as an unsafe entrance to Wakefield due to the heavy floods of river Calder. Many bridge chapels were built around the country at that time. One reason for that is to serve travellers and passer-bys of cities, and another reason is to protect cities from plague. The ill were treated and chanted on away from the dense city centre to illuminate any further spread of the disease. Although building of the chapel started in 1342, the construction was paused because of the plague and it was finally completed and licensed in 1356. For a good number of years the chapel was used for religious purposes however after of the Act for the Dissolution of the Chantries in 1545 the chantry was passed into secular hands until the 19th century. It was returned to ecclesiastical use in 1842 when The Yorkshire Architectural society ran a competition for the restoration of the chapel and George Gilbert Scott plans were Chosen.
BACKGROUND
George Scott completely rebuilt the chapel from the level of the crypt. The original west front was moved to Kettlethorpe hall and is the only remaining original fabric from the upper levels of the chapel. In his restorations, Scott used different stones which later appeared to be very weak and soft. That resulted in the rebuilding of the west front again in 1939 by Sir Charles Nicholson.
Powell and Son of Leeds restored the stained glass of the chapel in 1848, and some additional restoration work was carried out between 1888-1890. Simpson (architect) and Fred Denholme (builder) renewed the pointing and repaired the parapet. They also rebuilt the stair turret and the southeast spire. Between 1969-1979 the East, South and Northern sides of the chapel were repaired. And the clear glass of the chapel was installed by George Pace Between 1952 and 1972. Later in 1994 the roof of the chapel was repaired by the friends of the chantry chapel. Jim Schofield carried out some restoration work to the external stonework in 1996 when he carved new label stops in the forms of heads. Finally in 2010, friends of the chantry chapel installed a new kitchenette to the western elevation and a composite toilet accessible from the northern most door at the west front. Heating and new furniture were also within the new additions to the chapel. 2
Figure.8
The bridge on the other hand was widened two times during its lifetime each by 9ft towards the western side which resulted in the replacement of the pointed arches with rounded ones. It was previously used for automobiles and tram however now its merely a pedestrian walkway.
Figure.9
19
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Why
was it there in the first place ?
"Four Chantry Chapels stood at the principal entrances to the medieval town of Wakefield - St Mary Magdalene's at Westgate Bridge, St John the Baptist near the site of the present lodge to the Grammar School in Northgate, St Swithin's beyond Eastmoor on the road to York and the Chapel of St Mary the Virgin on Wakefield Bridge". This introduction is taken from a leaflet by John Goodchild and is published by the Friends of the Chantry Chapel, Wakefield. 3
Figure.10
Figure.11
1790 Plan of the City of Wakefield 4
2011 Plan of the City of Wakefield
Some way side chapels were founded on main roads leading from a town, or on bridges, where travellers might rest for a short interval and return thanks to their patron saint in gratitude for a safely-completed journey, or make supplication for safe-conduct on an unknown road; others were founded in order that persons suffering from or exposed to infection in time of plague (which was not uncommon in those days) might thither resort and thus prevent the spread of infection to worshippers at the parish church. 5 (Walker, 1966, pg.216)
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BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Chapel
On the one hand we have a house of prayer, rescued from three hundred years of secular use and restored as a place of worship where still today more than 150 years after the restoration, services are held regularly. Then, too, the chantry is one of only a handful of (partially) surviving medieval bridge chapels in England. It is also a significant local landmark. It holds a place In the hearts of local people. On open days it can draw well over a hundred visitors. 6
(Taylor, 2011)
CornFactors Office
Warehouse
tailor
Clothes Dealer Storage
Different uses of the chantry chapel throughout its lifetime

At various times it was used as a warehouse, an old clothes shop, a den for flax dresses, a news room, a cheese cake shop, a reservoir to supply the town with water by carts, a hospital for soldiers and a prison to flog them in, a shop for wool combers, premises for a tailor and offices of a corn merchant. (Taylor, 2011, Pg. 1)
prison
Warehouse
hospital
Library
Water reservoir CheeseCake shop
NewsRoom
Figure.12
Figure.13
Painting of the chantry chapel of St Mary The Virgin

21
BACKGROUND
4.2 History Timeline
BACKGROUND
A.
B.
C.
Figure.14
22
BACKGROUND
4.3 Architectural importance
BACKGROUND
For no other bridge-chapel in England could compete with this one either in beauty or architectural proportions. The rich and superb workmanship of its west front, with its beautiful tracery and diapered work, its sculptured parapet and pinnacled canopies, the proportions of the building, and the purity of embellishment displayed in its details, mark it as one of the most perfect specimens of the architecture of the middle of the fourteenth century, when the decorated style was at its best. 6 (Walker, 1966, pg.228)
even by French antiquaries, the chapel on Wakefield bridge was considered to be superior to their chapel upon the bridge at Avignon over the Rhne, or the chapel by the Arno at Pisa, and of all such chapels the architectural gem. (Walker, 1966, pg.240)
History trapped between the stones which witnessed it all and the ones who were just born.
Oppositions yet both of competing value :

A. The basement ( the oldest part )
the basement of the chapel was undoubtedly built at the same time as the bridge, for the masonry of the two is bonded together, and the walls of the chapel and the piers of the bridge are constructed of the same sandstone (Walker, 1966, pg.231)
B. The west front ( the Most recent part )

the fivefold division of the west front was carried through into the parapet, which consisted of five panels of sculpture, each panel surmounted by a canopy of three cinquefoil arches, above which were battlements. Each of these panels contained a sculptured representation of one of the five glorious mysteries of the rosary: the annunciation, the nativity, the resurrection, the ascension, and the coronation of the virgin. (Walker, 1966, pg.236) Figure.15
23
BACKGROUND
4.4 Values and Significance
BACKGROUND
Age and Rarity
Existing since1342 (640 years) One of only 4 remaining Chantry Bridge and Chapel in the Uk
Architectural Value
The Biggest, most elaborated and architecturally significant Chantry Chapel in the United Kingdom. Repaired by one of the most prolific architects that Great Britain has produced, George Gilbert Scott
Associative Value
Associated with wars and battles which took place next to the bridge historically. Built on water, association with nature and the In between life. Before eternality in heaven. Associated with healing in the times of plague. People associating it with personal events like being baptised in the church and their childhood memories.
Cultural value
Considered a very important building type ( Church ) in a Christian country.
Social value
Of great social value to the 12 people attending the services twice every month and the friends of the chantry chapel.
Technical value
Figure.16
The value of the lessons learn from the use of wrong stones by scot Lessons learnt from theft incidents, stealing of lead and breaking of the roof stair door.
24
BACKGROUND
4.4 Values and Significance
BACKGROUND
Landscape value
Relationship between the chapel and the bridge connected at the base. Relationship between the bridge and the city connecting the outside with the inside. Relationship between the city centre and the Hepworth through the bridge.
Religious and spiritual value
Important as a place of worship and a house of god. Since mediaeval ages. Symbol for relief and healing and the afterlife.
Figure.17
25
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
5.1 Ownership
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
In the 1990s the Dean and Chapter of Wakefield cathedral undertook all responsibilities of the chantry chapel. Incase any alterations or repair work is required approval must be obtained from the DAC of Wakefield. Furthermore, The bridge is under the authority of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council. For meetings and communication with Wakefield City Council. ( See Appendix 2)
list of the membership of Wakefield Diocesan Advisory Committee (DAC)

Chairman : The Reverend Canon John L. Hudson Members : The Venerable Robert J. Freeman - (Archdeacon of Halifax) The Venerable Jonathan D.F.Greener - (Archdeacon of Pontefract) The Reverend Jon A. Booth Mr. Stuart Beaumont Mr. Robert Craggs Mr. T. Malcolm Cruise - Organ Adviser Mr. Peter N. Hirschmann Joint Amenity Societies Representative Mr. Brian Pearson Mr. Ian Roberts Archaeological Adviser Mr. James Gibson - Local Authorities Representative (Kirklees Council) English Heritage Representative Vacant Secretary : Mrs. Julia H. Wilding Advisers not full members: Mr. Bob Middleton Heating Adviser Mr. David R. James - Sound and lighting Mr. David Barker Clocks Adviser Dr. Arnold Smith Deputy Bells Adviser Mr. P. Evans - Station Commander, Wakefield Fire Station - Fire Safety ADRESS:
Wakefield Diocesan Registry Dixon, Coles and Gill Bank House Burton Street Wakefield WF1 2DA Tel: 01924 373467 Fax: 01924 264244 Email: jwilding@dixon-coles-gill.com
Hudson, John, WAKEFIELD DIOCESAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE 2006 ANNUAL REPORT (WAKEFIELD, 2006).
Figure.18
26
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
5.2 Planning Context
The chantry chapel is both a listed building and a scheduled ancient monument; therefore, any works affecting the chapel must obtain consents. BAILEY, JOHN, Quinquennial Report (London, 2007).
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
Waterfront conservation area in Wakefield
Figure.19
Possibly involved organizations:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. English Heritage Wakefield Diocesan Advisory Wakefield Metropolitan District Council the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport ICOMOS-UK British waterways
Consents required
Listed Building Consent Scheduled Monument Consent Conservation Area Consent
The planning setting of the structures in question is extremely complex. Any proposals for alterations reuse or modification to either the bridge or the chapel must be submitted to Wakefield Metropolitan District Council for approval. Giving the fact that both structures are listed I buildings and scheduled monuments, the process of approval will entail seeking the advice of number of organizations. In addition to the local planning authorities English Heritage will have to be consulted for both structures. Furthermore, any works on the chapel will result in the involvement of Wakefield Diocesan Advisory. For scheduled monuments consent an application must be submitted to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport before commencing any work on site. In addition to the listed building and scheduled monuments consents, conservation area consent must be obtained from the local authority before any work can be carried out. ICOMOS experts and professionals on the other hand shall be of great help in the advice and guidance of the conservation and regeneration work to the structures in question. Finally British waterways are to be consulted regarding any works effecting or effected by the river.
Figure.20
Figure.21
27
The chantry chapel and bridge locations as identified by English heritage
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
5.2 Planning Context
LEGAL ATTRIBUTES
Planning policies and Guidance

A. National & Regional Policy Key national planning policy guidance and statements relevant to the proposed scheme for the Chantry Bridge and Chapel include: PPS 1: Delivering Sustainable Development (Including its Climate Change Supplement) PPS 4: Planning for Sustainable Economic Growth PPS 5: Planning for the Historic Environment PPG 13: Transport PPG 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation PPS 25: Development & Flood Risk
Building Regulations
The new scheme should also comply with the latest building regulations documents. Part A (Structural safety) Part B (Fire safety) - Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellinghouses Part C (Resistance to contaminants and moisture) Part E (Resistance to sound) Part F (Ventilation) Part M (Access to and Use of Buildings) Part N (Glazing safety) Part P (Electrical Safety) Workmanship and Materials
B. Local planning policy

The proposed scheme should comply with the local planning policy of Wakefield including the local Spatial Strategy (May 2008 ) and the Local Development Framework (April 2009). Regional Spatial Strategy Local Development Framework Core Strategy Local Development Framework Development Policies Local Development Framework Central Wakefield Area Action Plan (including Inset Proposals Map) Local Development Framework Waste Policies (including Interim Proposals Map Extracts) Unitary Development Plan Saved Policies Retail, Leisure & Open Space Unitary Development Plan Saved Proposals & Proposals Maps
28
CONTEXTUAL ATTRIBUTES
6.1 Context
1. CITY CONTEXT (WAKEFIELD) X1
The city of Wakefield is located in West Yorkshire, between Sheffield and Leeds. The Local planning authority is undertaking a number of regeneration projects in attempts to change the face of the city. Wakefield waterfront, Trinity walk, the bull ring, and Merchant gate are amongst these projects. The vision for Wakefield in the future is to be a distinctive, vibrant city at the heart of the district's economy with a skilled workforce, making a real contribution to the prosperity and diversity of the Yorkshire and Humber region. The council is very attentive about the connectivity of Wakefield to the rest of the country and are trying as much as possible to open up the city by making direct and convenient connections from the outside directly to the city centre. Shopping areas, contemporary office buildings, new residential complexes and a mixture of leisure facilities have been provided and more are still being planned.
2. LOCAL CONTEXT (KIRKGATE) x2

Kirkgate is one of those areas in Wakefield currently going through regeneration and makeover. The station at Kirkgate was opened in 1840 by the Manchester and Leeds Railway. It is the first station to be built in the city with a building that dates back from 1854. Connecting Kirkgate station to the city centre has been a priority to the local planning authorities in an attempt to link the City with the outside world and make it more desirable upon arrival. The area has been identified mainly for mixed uses including offices and housing opportunities.
3. IMMEDIATE CONTEXT (WATERFRONT) x3

The 4 hectare waterfront area is top priority in the Wakefield regeneration strategy. Works started back in 2006 and is being phased over a ten years period to transform this southern gateway into the city to a new thrilling cultural hub. The regeneration plan for the area includes a mixture of luxurious apartments, office buildings, in addition to many leisure facilities like restaurants, gardens, open spaces, courtyards and so on. The new master plan of the waterfront comprises a number of reuse and conservation projects to some of the fine historic buildings in the area. In addition to that some new structures were brought to the surface. The Hepworth Wakefield is an example to those new developments built to enhance and boost the potentials of the area.
X1
X2
X3
Figure.22
29
6.2 Location
7 2 5
Kirkgate regeneration boundary
4 6
Figure.23
5 8
30
6.3 Community Importance
A questionnaire has been distributed to fifty people in three main areas: on Wakefield Bridge, in kirkgate train station and in the city centre of Wakefield. The questionnaire aims to test public appreciation, awareness and attachment to the structures in question and the waterfront area in general. (see appendix 3) Informal interviews were also conducted while collecting and distributing the questionnaires. Generally the people of Wakefield have limited informations about both the chapel and the bridge. However, their existence is appreciated and their conservation and upkeep is encouraged.
Have you ever heard about The Chantry Bridge (The old Wakefield Bridge)?
Have you ever heard about The Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin?
NO 17%
39%
YES
61%
NO YES
83%
How important is the Chapel in your opinion? How important is the Bridge in your opinion? 19% 19%
44%
12%
1
2
25%
3 4
Very Important Important Not Important I dont know
44% 12%
25%
Figure.24
31
6.3 Community Importance
It is noticeable from the results that the bridge is not being utilised by the general public in Wakefield greatly for it is preserved for pedestrian use only and the pedestrian connections to and from the bridge are very complex and inadequate.
Generally the people in Wakefield are very happy about the regeneration plans of the city and are keen to see more developments taking place in the area and particularly in the waterfront. It is also worth mentioning that although people didnt think the conservation of the two structures will add greatly to the urban quality of the area they still thought if more projects took place on the other end of the river people will be utilising the bridge more and the overall assembly of the new and preserved will be more cherished.
How Many Times do you use the chantry Bridge annually?

33% 33%
Do you think the Chantry Bridge and Chapel Contribute positively to the urban fabric of Wakefield? 1 2
28%
6%
0 1-5 6-20 More than 20
32% 1
68%
0%
Yes No 3 Maybe
2
Do you think it is important to preserve the Chantry Bridge and Chantry Chapel?
26% 1 69% 5%
How influential is the Conservation of both structures to the urban regeneration agenda of Wakefield?
31% 2
3
25% 1 2 44% 3
Yes No Maybe
No Influence Some Influence Great Influence
Figure.25
32
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
7.1 Building Description
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
The historical and architectural importance of the chantry chapel has been discussed earlier in the background section. And a thorough description of the chapel and its structure is included in the condition and repairs report.
A brief description of the three structures in question:
The Bridge:
The old Wakefield Bridge is built of large blocks of sandstone. It was first widened by 9 ft. in 1758 and later in 1797 an additional 9 ft. were added. The eastern side of the bridge is formed by the original pointed arches while the western side is shaped by the 17th century rounded arches. The bridge is currently used only for pedestrian circulation. Few signs standing today in the northern access of the bridge however, they are inappropriately allocated on the main entrance stone of the bridge and distracting the view of the observer and passer-by.
The Chapel:
The Chapel of St Mary the Virgin on Wakefield Bridge is a sandstone structure built in 1842 by George Scott. Some stones were repaired later in the 20th century along with the western front which was completely replaced by Nicholson in 1939. The chapel consists of two rooms, the main room which is accessible from the bridge level currently used for service and the crypt in the underground accessible by a spiral staircase and left empty at the time being. The crypt gets flooded with water in the flood season.
The Packhorse Bridge:

The packhorse bridge is connected to the northern end of Wakefield Bridge and was built at about the same time as the bridge. It was originally constructed to carry packhorses from one end to the other when the river used to flow beneath it. Today the structure still remains although it currently lost its intended function and the river does not run underneath it any longer. The bridge is made of large coursed square stone with three elliptical arches with architraves and impost blocks and It has a low plain parapet.
33
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
7.1 Building Description
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
The chantry Bridge The chantry Chapel Packhorse bridge Connection of the Bridge Pointed Arch of Wakefield Bridge Rounded arches of Wakefield Bridge
Different views of the three structures of concern in the study:
6
34
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
7.2 Condition and repairs
This section is to be read alongside the condition and repairs report.
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Condition and repairs summary:

Generally the chantry chapel and bridge are in a good condition, structurally sound and in need for only minor repairs, continued monitoring and maintenance to prevent future decay and deterioration. The chapel is a very important piece of architecture with a long fruitful history. Its good condition and decent appearance reflects the care and attention it has been given during the past years. Likewise, the bridge suffers from some minor vandalism acts which need to be resolved and prevented in the future. However, the alerting situation and unpleasant appearance and texture of its cracking environmentally unfriendly asphalt needs careful assessment and consideration. Few alterations and procedures are required to accommodate the adaptive reuse of the chapel and bridge and they are as follows:
Summary of major defects:

For detailed descriptions of defects and remedy see condition and repairs report.
Carry out inspection by experts and professionals to determine the situation of unexamined items. Careful assessment of major defects and carrying out repairs according to priorities set in the condition report. Protection of the bridge and the crypt against floods by means of providing flood control technologies and flooding protective measures. Relocation of fire extinguisher equipments away from the entrance lobby. Exhibiting the different types of stones and their varied ages to the visitors of the chapel. Repairing, cleaning and repointing of the sidewalk and parapet stones of the bridge. Replacing the deteriorating asphalt with new environmentally friendly material. Developing surface water management plan for water discharge and harvesting from the bridge. Cleaning the water under the chapel and bridge from unpleasant vegetation and shrubs. Fixing street lights for appropriate visualisation of the bridge and chapel at night. Linking the bridge with the train station and the city centre by means of enhancing the pedestrian connection. Scheduling and undertaking long term repairs and maintenance. Developing a parking scheme to serve the bridge and chapel.
Salt action and sheading of stone. Loss of pointing. Water penetration and moist. Cracking of cement mortar. Cracking of stones. Structural movement due to metal rusting. Beetles infestation of the timber ceiling. Cracking and shrinking of ceiling timber panels. Broken window glass Vegetation. Debris accumulation and blockage.
35
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Existing Chapel Floor Plan
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
N
Figure.26
36
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Existing Crypt Floor Plan
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
N
Figure.27
37
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Existing Section A-A
Figure.28
38
CURRENT CONTEXT
Identifying the problem
CURRENT CONTEXT
Although the chapel is generally in a good condition and only minor repairs are required for its conservation. A regeneration plan is essential for its long term sustainability.
Today Friends of the chantry chapel are taking the responsibilities for the protection and maintenance of the structure. However, all the people involved are elderly. Kate Taylor the main guardian of the chapel holds on to the keys of the chapel and she personally opens the doors for visitors and guests upon their arrival every time. The chapel remains closed when there is no service or scheduled visits although the people of Wakefield continually express their frustration of that issue during the informal interviews and questionnaires. Services are held two times a month in the first and third Sunday. However, only a maximum of twelve people attends the service regularly. The chapel has no income at all and is completely dependent on charity. Figure.30
B A
Vandalism and Neglect
Inappropriate signs
Weak Connection to the city

Figure.29
Complicated pedestrian connection
Limited access
39
CURRENT CONTEXT
Identifying the problem
CURRENT CONTEXT
Since the Hepworth opened few events took place in the chapel attracting a maximum of 100 people in open days. The location of the chapel next to the Hepworth supports its regenerations as the whole area of the waterfront is now being considered for reuse projects and new developments. The fear in the chapels case is that although friends of the chantry chapel are taking very good care of the place and doing as much as possible for the maintenance and preservation of its structure. Its still falling behind in terms of having an effective role in the regeneration plan of Wakefields waterfront. A regeneration scheme is essential, combined with a long term management plan to assure the continued existence of the chapel after friends of the chantry chapel is dissolved. The involvement of the chapel in the overall regeneration agenda of Wakefields waterfront is vital for it will be a great addition to the cultural richness and prosperity of the area and Wakefield in general. The bridge on the other hand is an important and historically significant structure which has been has been neglected, abundant and inappropriately handled. It marks one of the entrances to the city yet it does not reflect the new regeneration agenda of the area.
It is vital to maintain the bridge and protect it against vandalism and destruction. More importantly, it is essential to have a long term management plan to sustain it in the future and involve it more in the redevelopment of the waterfront and to raise public awareness of its importance.
MAIN SITE BOUNDRY
Figure.31
40
CONSERVATION PHILOSOPHY
Parameters to guide change
PHILOSOPHY
It looks behind, beneath and within the fabric of buildings in the search for what makes these things, these constructions, come alive
David Littlefield
41
CONSERVATION PHILOSOPHY
Parameters to guide change
PHILOSOPHY
A brief statement of what is important about the buildings:

. From this lack and this gain arose in mens minds the strange idea of the Restoration of ancient buildings; and a strange and most fatal idea, which by its very name implies that it is possible to strip from a building this, that, and the other part of its history - of its life that is - and then to stay the hand at some arbitrary point, and leave it still historical, living, and even as it once was. William Morris
1.
The fabric of the chapel: The entire stone work of the chapel. The foundations of the chapel and their connection to the bridge. The statue of St Mary the Virgin. The holy water basin. The stained glass work. The woodwork of the ceiling The carved heads and window ornamentations.
It is clear from the previous pages that the adaptive reuse of the chapel and bridge is vital to ensure a sustainable future for those significant structures. Therefore, the need arises to adapt contemporary uses which will further enhance their significance and bring them closer to the public. Nonetheless, due to the listing and scheduling of both building, this adaptation and renewal process must be carried out with care and sensitivity and in compliance with the National Planning Policy in PPS5. In any conservation and regeneration project the aspirations of the design and the vision of the managing team will always be confronted and challenged by the obligation to conserve the significant fabric of the building and its character under the umbrella of the national and local planning policy and guidance. Since both structures are in a generally good condition and do not need extreme makeover or alterations. A Minimal intervention approach would be adopted for the conservation of the buildings with an emphasis on flexible designs that do not harm or alter the fabric of the buildings. Many evident cases around the world prove that a successful regeneration scheme could be developed through respecting the significance of the fabric.
2. The fabric of the Bridge:
The entire stone work of the bridge. The foundation of the bridge and its connection to the water. The two accesses to the bridge and their connection to adjacent streets. The packhorse bridge and its connection to the void.
If, for the rest, it be asked us to specify what kind of amount of art, style, or other interest in a building makes it worth protecting, we answer, anything which can be looked on as artistic, picturesque, historical, antique, or substantial: any work, in short, over which educated, artistic people would think it worth while to argue at all. William Morris
42
PHILOSOPHY
Thus, and thus only, shall we escape the reproach of our learning being turned into a snare to us; thus, and thus only can we protect our ancient buildings, and hand them down instructive and venerable to those that come after us."
William Morris
43
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.1 Possible regeneration locations
OPTIONS SELECTION
The Chapel The main focus of this study is the conservation and regeneration of the old bridge of Wakefield and the Chantry chapel. However, the immediate context of those structures play a big role in their long term sustainability and regeneration. Therefore some other locations will need to be considered in the overall regeneration agenda. The Void The bridge
Figure.32
The In-between
Figure.33
The Connection
The Survival The Possibility
The In-Between The Void
44
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.1 Possible regeneration locations
The Chapel: The existing Chapel of St Mary the Virgin and its crypt. The chapel will continue to function as a religious place for prayers and services however, It shall adopt extra uses. The crypt level could have one consistent use and very light in nature due to the small insufficient staircase. The Bridge: The old Wakefield bridge currently being used only for pedestrian movement and some occasional events. However it shall adapt more varied and frequent uses. The Void: An urban void exists within the context of the chapel and bridge. It is an empty plot which encompasses only trees and shrubs, surrounded by water from one side and a parking plot from the other side. It also includes two small elevated podiums overlooking the Chantry Bridge and chapel from the site. The void is currently within the flood area and needs to be treated accordingly. The Water I & II: Possibilities of regeneration are apparent in the river. For both sites have the potential to serve as an extension and continuation to the sites in question. Although the water level is not fixed throughout the year and some floods are sometimes experienced. This problem can be solved by British waterways with the allocation of dams to allow the development of those sites in the future. The Station: Kirkgate train station regeneration is vital for the overall development of the waterfront. It is considered in Wakefield city regeneration master plan and is currently under investigation by the local planning authority.
OPTIONS SELECTION
Figure.34
Possible Regeneration Locations:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Chapel The Bridge The Void The Water I The Water II The Train Station
Figure.35
45
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.2 Current uses and activities
The Chapel: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Services on the first and third Friday of each month. Venue for Wakefield art walk. Illustrated talks are run through the year. Open days are occasionally scheduled for visitors. Venue in the flower festival and cake stand. Musical entertainment evening once or twice a year. Coffee mornings are sometimes organized. The Bridge: 1. 2. Pedestrian connection Yearly event, party on the bridge
OPTIONS SELECTION
The Void currently has no particular use and the train station is running on regular service.
Figure.36 A number of options and uses have been chosen for both the chapel and the bridge. The selection was made after a thorough analysis of the context and the history of the place, some suggestions were made by the people of Wakefield in the informal interviews, and others were the recommendations of friends of the chantry chapel. The Hepworth management team has also made some suggestions for the possible potential uses of the site.
46
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.3 Criteria for assessment
OPTIONS SELECTION
Set of criteria to assess potential options :

Compatibility Building-use
Compatibility Context-use
Compatibility of building with potential use: 1. Ability to accommodate the potential use within the existing building and site 2. Impact of potential use on historic fabric 3. Opportunities to enhance significance of the building through potential use 4. Opportunities to benefit the wider community through potential use 5. Environmental sustainability of potential use 6. Servicing and access requirements of potential use 7. Building service requirements for potential use 8. Building owners comments Compatibility of site and surroundings with potential use: 1. Impact of potential use on surrounding buildings and landscape 2. Contribution of potential use to land use mix in local and regional area 3. Contribution of potential use to character of the local area 4. Compatibility of potential use with remote rural setting 5. Physical constraints of site in relation to potential use
Land use and planning
Financial deliverability
Land use and planning context: 1. Potential fit with local plan, structure plan and wider planning policy 2. Statutory obligations of potential use 3. Requirement for parking facilities 4. Compatibility of use within site Financial Deliverability: 1. Funding potential for use 2. Potential for income generation 3. Potential on-going expenditure 4. Potential delivery model Market Demand: 1. Existing and planned similar use within surrounding area 2. Need and likely demand for potential use 3. Competition with nearby uses 4. Potential for collaboration with other organisations 5. Potential end users
47
Market Demand
Figure.37
A set of criteria has been adopted to assess the viability of the proposed options. Every option has been assessed using those criteria and weighted in a scale from 1-4. The option with the highest total number of points is considered to be the best. (See appendix 4)
The assessment criteria consider all aspects of the compatibility of the building with the new use and the context. In addition to the relationship between the proposed use and the planning context. The financial deliverability of the new proposed use has been tested along with the market demand for that particular option.
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.4 Extended lists for potential uses
The list below shows a synergy of all those recommendations:
OPTIONS SELECTION
The Chapel
OPTION Communi ty center
1
Discription
A place for the people of Wakefield to gather for group activities or social support events, a flexible space, able to accommodate a set of social activities. Place to organize live oral storytelling events and train people who are interested in this form of art to unfold their story maps. A place where people find out about the history of the area and the importance of heritage, through bringing the past alive and connecting them with ancient events and places. A medium to celebrate the arts of the body and its presence, where performances and rehearsals will take place. An arena for exchanging knowledge, ideas and theories between individuals and/or organizations, with the opportunity for individual study spaces for selflearning and development. An extension to the Hepworth, in a historical setting across the river, a space for presenting arts and exhibiting talents.
Story tel l i ng center Heri tage center
Cul tura l Hub for preformi ng Arts Educa tiona l Hub
6 7
Art ga l l ery
A platform for therapy for the mind and body. Space for meditation, relaxation Hea l i ng Is l a nd (Medi tation center) and healing. Studios and Workshops for people with passion for design and creativity to Des i gn Hub practice learn and produce designs. Many forms of design could be cooperated: graphic, product, fashion.. Etc.
9 10
Ba kery / Ca f Wi ne Ta s ting Cl ub Books hop/Sma l l Li bra ry Ta i l or/Dres s Shop
A small bakery shop perhaps combined with a small caf with some seating opportunities serving travellers of the bridge. A space dedicated to wine tasting lovers, to taste and discover different types of wine and have a social interactive gathering. Dedicated for books, a small bookshop/library selling different books specialised in historical knowledge. Some references and maps shall also be available for viewing. Shop for dresses, specialised in a unique form of fashion design that is not regularly found in ordinary shops, combined with a tailor to support the business. A studio dedicated to the art of sculpture making with sculpturing facilities, a workshop in connection with the Hepworth. An avenue dedicated to small industrial production, in connection to the mills. Small open office space, occupied with office facilities serving number of varied business individuals or a small firm.
10
11
11
12
12
13
14
13 14 15
Scul pture Studi o Indus tri a l or Ma nufa cturi ng Offi ces
48
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.4 Extended lists for potential uses
1
THE CHAPEL
OPTION
1 2 3
OPTIONS SELECTION
DISCRIPTION
An open platform for the public, different events to be scheduled and organized. Flexible fittings and furniture and movable stands. An open permanent market with flexible stands and movable selling stations. Outdoor restaurants and cafes across the bridge with seatings along the length overlooking the river. Outdoor study stations, for scholars and small groups of students or researchers, fitted with an internet connection basic settings and electricity. Outdoor art spaces, continuation to the Hepworth in a historic context. Combination of stands and stalls for art pieces, flexible and changeable according to the season. A green connector to the city. Advertising green art and design in connection to the Hepworth fitted with a green market and information stands. Recycling and materials reuse outdoor workshops and scheduled open flower market days. The bridge as a stage for performance art and for light performances at night, other adjacent spaces might as well be utilised for seating of the audience.
Communi ty Stage Open Ma rket Res tura nts Res ea rch Pl a tform
Art Spa ces

5
Green Corri dor

6
Preforma nce Stage

7
49
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.5 Summary of options assessment
OPTIONS SELECTION
Summary of all options for the chapel , their weighting and final score:
Compatibility of building with potential use Compatibility of site and Land use and surroundings with potential planning context use Market Demand Financial Deliverability
OPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Community center Story telling center Heritage center Cultural Hub for preforming Arts Educational Hub Art gallery Healing Island (Meditation center) Design Hub Bakery / Caf Wine Tasting Club Bookshop/Small Library Tailor/Dress Shop Sculpture Studio Industrial or Manufacturing Offices
Total
28 29 25 22 20 23 29 19 12 26 21 18 17 10 8
10 12 9 11 7 11 12 11 7 9 10 7 10 6 8
13 13 9 14 7 10 13 10 8 12 12 8 13 8 8
12 16 15 17 11 13 19 17 16 10 16 11 17 15 13
9 7 10 13 7 13 13 11 10 6 10 8 9 11 8
72 77 68 77 52 70 86 68 53 63 69 52 66 50 45
50
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.5 Summary of options assessment
OPTIONS SELECTION
Summary of all options for the chapel , their weighting and final score:
Compatibility of site and Land use and surroundings with potential planning context use
OPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Communi ty Stand Open Ma rket Res tura nts Res ea rch Pl a tform Art Spa ces Green Corri dor Preforma nce Stage
Compatibility of building with potential use
Market Demand
Financial Deliverability
Total
26 23 23 28 26 24 26
12 12 11 13 11 12 11
13 14 14 13 12 13 14
17 18 19 16 18 18 20
12 14 12 11 11 10 14
80 81 79 81 78 77 85
51
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.6 Refined list of options for Re-use
OPTIONS SELECTION
Location The Chapel ( Bridge level) The Chapel (Crypt)
Proposed Use Healing Island Cultural hub for preformance arts Community Center Storytelling Center Preformance arts and installations Stage Open Market Research Platform
The Bridge
The Final Refined List of potential options for the chapel and bridge: Due to the nature of these buildings and their current viable uses. A single use cannot be adopted for each structure. Nevertheless, a list of varied options will be contained within a timely schedule. Each potential use targets a certain group of users. With the collaboration of all proposed uses the chapel and bridge will function around the year targeting more people and passer-by's attention which in its turn should increase people awareness of their importance.
The assessment of the uses for the void, the station and the water I & II is beyond the scope of this study. However from an overall evaluation of the situation and study of the context the following recommendations are proposed:
Proposed uses for the Void, the water and the station: The station will need some improvements and connections to the new uses of the bridge and the chapel to connect and attract people to the new facilities. The void, being located on the other side of the bridge will help increase the foot flow on the bridge giving passer-by's the opportunity to discover the chapel and its new functions. On the other hand the water could serve as an extension to the permanent use of the void and could also be utilised as a platform for observation the performances on the bridge.
Location The Void
Proposed Use Open Market Resturants Arts space Extention To the Void Observation Deck for the chapel and Bridge Continue its function Adopt some traces of the events on the bridge and void.
The Water
The Station
52
OPTIONS SELECTION
10.7 Options and uses synergy
OPTIONS SELECTION
SCENE NO.1
SCENE NO.3
The Connection
11
SCENE NO.2
The Possibility
SCENE NO.4
10
Figure.38
1. 2. 3. 4.
Healing Island. Storytelling Centre Cultural Hub for performance Arts Performance stage
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Open market Research cubicles Community platform Restaurants Art spaces
9. 10.
Green corridor Community Centre
Suggesting a route rather than a destination

Number of Scenarios has been examined using a synergy method between the different proposed uses to setup a coherent monthly schedule which would accommodate the new uses. The chosen uses together should form a comprehensible overall scene for a person crossing the bridge, passing by the chapel and finally reaching the void on the other end of the bridge. The monthly schedule could then be changed few times a year to give the possibility for the most diversity of users and attractions.
THE BRIDGE
THE CRYPT
THE CHAPEL
THE VOID
53
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
11.1 Market analysis for proposed options
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
In general, Wakefield has a growing market in leisure and commercial activities. In addition to that the residents of Wakefield are very interested and active in celebrating cultural activities and organizing social events. Wakefield city council has already started establishing many regeneration agendas and reform scenarios for the city. The vision is to transform Wakefield into vibrant city of mix use facilities and a central hub for the arts and culture in the region.
Figure.39
54
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
Figure.40
1. Arts and performances:

Theatre Royal Wakefield is Wakefield's main theatre venue. Wakefield Arts Centre is the home of Horizon Arts. The Arts Centre is Wakefield's studio theatre venue, and also the main theatre venue for Wakefield College. As well as showcasing high quality student work, the Arts Centre also receives a wide variety of professional shows from stand-up comedy to opera.
There are also many organizations and interested people who collaborate with the theatre royal and the arts centre. Wakefield college is a big supporter for performance art and theatre activities in addition to Gareth Durasow, a poet, performer and playwright who is very much connected with both centres.
Art Galleries in Wakefield Wakefield Arts centre also include Dimension Dance. A dance organization attracting the youth and managed by dance lecturer and choreographer Louise Wilkins. The organization teaches and offer performance opportunities. Many Varied dance styles are being taught within the organization comprising street dance, hip-hop, break dance, modern jazz, tap, ballet and musical theatre. Although the two theatres are working properly and attracting a good number of people. They are both located in the city centre of Wakefield and both are indoor theatres. There seems to be no place in Wakefield where outdoor live performances take place. The location of the chatry bridge across the road from the Hepworth makes it an excellent venue for another theatre however different in nature and style than the others existing in Wakefield. Figure.41
The general public in Wakefield appeared to be very much enthusiastic about having an outdoor performance area in Wakefield waterfront when the idea was discussed during the informal interviews.
Theatres in Wakefield Figure.42
Figure.43 Theatre Royal Wakefield

55
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
Figure.44
2. Market and shopping

Wakefield has a brand new shopping district which opened in 2010, the decision behind investing in those projects came as a result to the deterioration situation of Wakefield's market. The council calculated that a huge percentage of the people living in Wakefield shopped outside of the city while the old shopping district of Wakefield didnt attract any external visitors. this was a dangerous phenomenon that they had to overcome by investing in leisure and shopping facilities as part of the overall regeneration plan of the city. The project consisted of two phases. The first is the new market hall which contains traditional market stalls selling all kinds of food clothes and accessories. The other is the new trinity walk shopping centre located adjacent to the market hall. It is designed in a way to become integrated within the existing market street of Wakefield. the mall opens up to adjacent streets in pedestrian connections that are being strengthened by the council until today. The council is still trying to encourage more commercial and leisure investment's in Wakefield and especially in the waterfront area as It lacks any commercial activities. Visitors of the Hepworth art gallery express their frustration of the gallery being away from all the other activities taking place in the city centre.
Markets in Wakefield
Figure.45
Bringing some leisure and commercial activities into the area would be extremely beneficial for the overall regeneration of Wakefield and to further enrich the waterfront area and add to its gradually developing mixed use potentials.
Figure.46
56
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
3. Meditation and healing:
Although there are some meditation centres around Wakefield in Leeds, Normanton and Huddersfield there seems to be none within the area of Wakefield itself. With the hectic lifestyle of our century and the accelerating stress of every day's life. More people seem to be interested in meditation facilities . UK is not considered to be a religious country anymore as less number of people attend services in the churches every year. This also resulted in a higher demand for more meditation and stress relief spaces. New forms of meditation are being developed and enhanced every day in the world to help people manage the accumulating anxiety and tension of living in the 21st century. creative meditation such as art and colour therapy in addition to the normal forms of concentration and reflective meditation are amongst these meditation styles. The placement of such centre in Wakefield would be very beneficial to the general public. It is predicted that not only will such facility attract the residents of Wakefield but could eventually be an attraction for people from outside of town if developed properly. The addition of a relaxation and meditation facility within the context of the waterfront will add to the mix use potentials of the area and eventually generate more investment and public interest in the context.
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
4. Research and education:

According to the latest statistics the general public in Wakefield seem to have good qualifications that enables them to be involved sufficiently in the labour market undertaking many various jobs in different fields at different levels to collaborate together and form a comprehensive workforce for the development and enrichment of the area. There seem to be a quite good number of researchers and students in the area obtaining different types of qualifications and have the potential to use a research facility if the opportunity introduces itself. There are thirty libraries scattered around Wakefield. The council of Wakefield acknowledges the importance of such facilities in todays information age and the importance of a direct access to information and research technology for the scholars of Wakefield. Although a good number of libraries exist already in Wakefield. All of them are of a standard nature and seem to be not working well with the councils plan to cope with the change style in the 21st century library. The allocation of informal research facilities on the bridge will assess Wakefields council plans in providing up to date research amenities for the scholars of Wakefield. Facilities coping with the dramatic change in the needs of a scholar in the 21st century providing all means of comfort, relaxing atmosphere and focused environment.
Figure.47 Figure.48
57
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
4. Community, open public spaces and restaurants:
The city of Wakefield is gradually developing its community facilities and open public spaces. The development of the new shopping district attracted more investment in the city centre. Additional restaurants started opening up around the new developments and public spaces like the bull ring is today being highly utilised by the public .
The overall situation in the city centre is considered to be good and going to the better however the waterfront area still lacks open spaces and public gathering areas. it also has a very limited number of small food selling retailors and a caf in the Hepworth which serves a large number of the people in the area and in need for other facilities to support it. More restaurants and open public gathering spaces are essential in the waterfront area to connect it to the city centre. There seems to be a missing link between the hyper city centre and the very quite waterfront. Once someone steps outside of the edges of the city centre, there seems to be a very limited connection to the targeted overall hyper scheme that the council is aiming at.
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
Figure.49
Restaurants in Wakefield
Figure.50
58
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
11.2 SWAT analysis: Identifying risks and potentials.
OPTIONS ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
The Presence of Wakefield Council regeneration strategy. The bridge and chapel are located in a prime location on one of Wakefield's entrances. The Hepworth as a visitors attraction in the area. The buildings are in generally good condition. Friends of the Chantry Chapel already organizing events in the chapel and on the bridge.
WEAKNESSES
The chapel is very small and space is very limited.

The bridge is Structurally weak and cannot withstand very heavy weights.
The void is within the flood area.

Limited public awareness of the buildings. Limitations in parking. Very weak pedestrian connections. Very weak connection to the station.
Internal Factors
OPPORTUNITIES
There are many huge industrial buildings in the area which could be utilised as storage unites to store the furniture and partitions of the new uses. The location of the site within a walking distance from Kirkgate station . The site overlooking the water. The great potentials of council plan for developing the waterfront industrial sites.
THREATS
Members of the friends of the chantry chapel are all elderly people and the group might be dissolved in the future. Funding might be limited with the financial crises and the deteriorating economic situation in the country. The location of the void and the chapel in the flood zone might have destroying effects if the water was not managed properly.
External Factors
Positive
Figure.51
Negative
59
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
12.1 Delivery of the proposed option
TIMELINE
2012
PROJECT PHASES
I
Conservation and Adaptive reuse of the chapel in addition to temporary installations in the void to accommodate the new uses.
STRATEGY
LOCATION
THE CHAPEL THE VOID (TEMPERORY)
2014
II
Conservation and adaptive reuse of the Bridge and the conservation of the station for better connectivity.
THE BRIDGE THE STATION
STRATEGY
THE VOID (PERMENANT) THE WATER I THE WATER II THE PROJECT IS DEVIDED INTO THREE PHASES TO GRADUALLY AND FEASABILIY INCREASE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AREA AND STRUCTURES.
2018
III
Permanent installations in the void, extending its uses And spreading out the development to the water from both sides.
CONCEPT
STAGE I A reason to cross the bridge and another to pause at the chapel. STAGE II Making the journey worthwhil e and the trip easy.
STAGE III Completing the scene and assuring sustainability and long term existence.
Figure.52
60
12.2 Project phases and the corresponding uses
STRATEGY
Phase I
THE CHAPEL
For all Phases, the chapel will remain its use as a religious space. However, it will adopt few other uses throughout the month to attract more users and potential investors.
THE VOID
Temporary installations will take place in the void in the first phase during the low flood season. The land will be cleaned and let to different investors to accommodate different uses.
Cultural hub for the performance arts Healing Island Community Centre
Open Market Restaurants Community open platform Arts installations space
Storytelling centre in the crypt
Phase II
THE BRIDGE
In the second stage the bridge will be maintained and utilised for other functions. The new uses will attract more people with different interests into the bridge and chapel.
THE STATION
Marinating and refurbishment of the station by the second stage to allow for better first image for the arrivals of Wakefield and stronger connection to the new uses.
Performance Stage
Conservation of the station Connecting the station to other new uses
Open Market
Research platform
Phase III
THE VOID
A permanent location for a commercial investment. A set of restaurants and an open market creating another attraction away from the city centre.
THE WATER
A perfect location for further extending the new commercial investment in the void and could be utilised to overlook the activities on the bridge.
Restaurants with an open market
Extension to the new uses Observation platform for the Performance stage
61
12.3 synergy and monthly schedule
STRATEGY
Proposed Monthly Schedule during the Second phase:

Week one and three schedual
A synergy of the different useses proposed in the three locations is important for a successful implementation scenario. Consequently, a monthly schedule has to be produced to arrange the different uses together and to make sure that the chosen functions work collaboratively in harmony. the second phase, is the most complex one with temporary structures in both the void and the bridge. In addition to a number of activities happening inside the chapel. It is therefore very important to assure that the chosen uses complement each other. An example of a good synergy is the use of the bridge as a performance stage and the chapel as a cultural hub for performance arts at night. On Sundays the chapel could be utilised for religious services and the void could accommodate a set of restaurants to serve the people attending the performance.
The Bridge Monday Tuesday Wednsday Thursday Research Platform
The Chapel Talks and Seminar's Open Day
The Void
Open Market Schools Trip
Friday
Preformance stage
Cultural Hub for preformance arts Resturants Religious Services
Proposed Project phases timeline in relation to Wakefield regeneration plan timeline :

2006 Wakefield Waterfront Regeneration Project Start
Saterday Sunday
Week two and four schedual The Bridge The Chapel Community Center Research Platform The Void Resturants Community Platform Healing Island Open Market Art Spaces Monday Tuesday
2012
Proposed Project Start
2016
Wakefield Waterfront Regeneration Project End
Proposed Phases
Wednsday Thursday Friday Saterday
2018
Proposed Project End.
Figure.53
Sunday
62
12.4 Adaptability of the preferred option
STRATEGY
Respecting their significance and historical importance. The chapel, the bridge and the void will operate on a number of levels allowing for a variety of flexible creative uses without compromising the significance of their fabric. The design of all three spaces will depend on flexible furniture and light partitions which could be stored in a rented storage unite when they are not being utilised. A managing team will be required to arrange for the location and removal of the furniture every time the space is being altered. Currently Friends of the chantry chapel are taking all responsibilities when an event takes place on the bridge or chapel. They shall continue overlooking and managing those spaces however in order to ensure continued sustainability of the project a professional managing team will need to be set by the council.
The variation and the different uses of the three spaces will attract a wider user group to the area and will be very beneficial to the overall regeneration agenda of the council. By the third phase of the project, the waterfront area should become a very vibrant tourist destination attracting internal as well as external tourism.
Design and arrangement

Design criteria : The design for the new uses of the chapel and bridge will consist of mostly light flexible partitions and furniture.
Key users of the project: The general public of Wakefield Scholars and researchers Artists and perfumers
Figure.55
Figure.54 Figure.54 Figure.56
Partitions and space separators
Bean bags Corners
Meeting Corners
63
PREFERED SCHEME
PREFERED SCHEME
PREFERED SCHEME
13.1 The Void: Phase I & II
PREFERED SCHEME
Temporary installations
Figure.57 Open Market Art Installations Community Platform Community activities
http://francoislombarts.com/?proj=3
Figure.58
Figure.59
Figure.60
Figure.61
65
PREFERED SCHEME
13.2 The Void: Phase III
PREFERED SCHEME
Commercial investment opportunity
Figure.62 PERMENANT MARKET AND RESTURANTS
Figure.63
Figure.64
Figure.65
Figure.66
66
PREFERED SCHEME
13.3 The Bridge: Phase II & III
PREFERED SCHEME
Performance Arts Stage
Figure.72 Open Market
Figure.73 Research Cubicles
Figure.67
Light Installations Research Platform
Figure.68
Figure.69
Figure.70
Figure.71
Figure.74
67
PREFERED SCHEME
PREFERED SCHEME
Figure.80
Figure.76
Figure.77
Figure.78
Figure.75
Figure.79
68
PREFERED SCHEME
PREFERED SCHEME
Figure.82 Figure.81
Light Installations
69
PREFERED SCHEME
13.4 The Station: Phase II & III
PREFERED SCHEME
Figure.83
Figure.84
Connection with the station
70
PREFERED SCHEME
13.5 The Chapel, first scenario : Community Centre
PREFERED SCHEME
Open meeting and presentation space
Bean Bags corner
Small Presentation platform
Semi-enclosed Meeting space Figure.85
Computer corner with internet access
Meeting tables
71
PREFERED SCHEME
13.6 The Chapel, second scenario : Healing Island
PREFERED SCHEME
Concentration Meditation
Art Therapy
Generative Meditation
Receptive meditation
Creative Meditation Concentration Meditation
Colour Therapy
Figure.86
72
PREFERED SCHEME
13.7 The Chapel, third scenario : Cultural hub for performance arts
PREFERED SCHEME
Movable practice mats
Dance Stage
Bean Bags corner with presentation board Figure.87
Dance Floor
73
PREFERED SCHEME
13.8 The Crypt: Storytelling Centre
PREFERED SCHEME
Figure.88
Figure.89
Figure.90
The plans above show different possible layouts for the storytelling centre. The access to the crypt is through the very small staircase located on the corner of the chapel. It is therefore very important to secure the crypt from fire and hazards and to limit the number of users of the crypt to the minimum to ensure secure escape in the case of any emergency.
74
PREFERED SCHEME
13.9 Master Plan: Phase III
PREFERED SCHEME
Vibrant activities and mix use
Commercial Development
Figure.91
75
MANAGEMENT PLAN
15.1 Roles and Responsibilities
MANAGEMENT PLAN
The entire site is owned by the government and not by private investors. The chapel is under the responsibilities of the Dean and Chapter of Wakefield cathedral while the void and the two bridges are owned by Wakefield city council . Therefore, the regeneration of the site in question has to be delivered mainly by the council. But due to the large scale of the proposed project and its complexity help must be obtained from other organizations and bodies from the private sector. Furthermore, since the buildings are listed and scheduled monuments, it is important to have the appropriate consultation to ensure the safeguarding of their historical significance and their architectural merit.
Management Group
TO MANAGE
Although the chapel is being taken care of by the Friends of The Chantry Chapel. It is vital for the success of the project that Wakefield city council considers appointing a management team for the project and propose a project manager to oversee all stages of the regeneration scheme. Friends of the chantry chapel will be of great help in this team. The primary role of this group is to discuss , decide and develop the regeneration agenda in addition to overseeing the gradual implementation of the project and ensure maintenance and sustainability. This group will include : The appointed project manager, representatives from Wakefield city council ( conservation officer in addition to planning and regeneration professionals ) , Friends of the chantry chapel, and potential investors.
Advisory Group
TO ADVISE
A body of expertise and organizations should be set together in an advisory group to guide the conservation, management, planning and organization of the proposed project. This group will include : Representatives from English Heritage, British waterways , Wakefield Diocesan Advisory, The secretary state of culture media and sports, Environmental agency , in addition to representatives from the economic regeneration department.
Consultation Group
TO CONNECT
For a project that is mainly targeting the general public and tourist in Wakefield it is essential to have a consultation group who's role is to keep the public informed about the decisions taken by the management and advisory group and further to test their reactions and benefit from their recommendation's. This group will include: Representatives from the community council, the owners of adjacent buildings and establishments ( especially the Hepworth management team ), potential investors and interested bodies, in addition to few representatives from the general public of Wakefield.
76
MANAGEMENT PLAN
15.2 Maintenance
MANAGEMENT PLAN
In order to sustain the continued existence of the structures it is important to have a good maintenance plan to safeguard them from falling into decay or misuse. A management agreement should be established between the owner and any investors or users of the structures. A sum of money should be allocated and put aside for its maintenance and upkeep. In addition to that, minor inspections should take place throughout the year on a regular basis and a full inspection should be carried out annually. Every year the structures should be checked for any decay or threats , appliances should be tested and wiring and piping should be monitored. It is always easier to resolve building decay problems if caught early therefore it is important to maintain the buildings on a regular basis. The chapel should have its own maintenance team and the bridge should be protected against vandalism and misuse. The inspections should include: The Roof and its coverings from any leakage or cracks in the lead. The wood work from moisture or any fungal or Beatle attacks . The gutters and water discharges from any blockage. The drains and pipes from rodding The electrical installations and wirings The stone from sheading or moisture The glass from any breakage The bridge from any vandalism acts The overall structure of the bridge and its capability of carrying weights. The heating and lighting equipment's from any faults.
77
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Funding and income opportunities
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Since the site is entirely owned by the local authorities, it is the authorities responsibility to regenerate the site and advise on its funding. However, instead of completely depending on the local authorities, a soft approach has been chosen for the financial safeguarding of the project, throughout phasing it into three stages. Each stage should generate an amount of money to assist in the development and annunciation of the following stage. This method will ease the public concerns. And will channel the money into the project from many sources other than depending on external funding only. The project will start with the preparatory phase including the following activities: Selecting and establishing the management team for the project. appointing a project manager. Preparing documents and applications for funding the project. Hiring appropriate consultation and inspection professionals. Developing plans for the conservation and regeneration of the buildings. Producing planning, consents and funding applications. Carrying out urgent works and repairs.
Consultation Group
Management Team
Apply for funding
English heritage The architectural heritage fund Heritage lottery Fund Other funding opportunities
Advisory Group
PHASE I
PROFIT
Funding for the first stage would be the responsibility of the local authorities However, will be influenced by the economic condition and the situation of the public sector funding. Therefore it is vital to look for other sources of funding especially for the first and second phases. English heritage, the architectural heritage fund along with the heritage lottery fund are main targets for funding for the project. During the first and second stage the adaptive reuse of the chapel and bridge will result in a cash flow that could be utilised first to maintain the structures and secondly to initiate the following stage.
Maintenance and upkeep
PHASE II
PROFIT
It can be indicated that the economic outcome of the final scheme will be great due to the variety of uses and the fact that the scheme have the potentials to attract investments in the area. The project will generate a number of jobs and work opportunities for the people of Wakefield.
PHASE III
Figure.93
78
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The Chantry bridge of Wakefield and the Chantry chapel of St. Mary the Virgin are two extremely important elements in Wakefield's inherited architecture. Their preservation and protection is vital to ensure safeguarding the citys heritage and culture. The bridge has been widened twice during its lifetime and has been used for traffic movement and trams until the new currently existing bridge was built next to it. Today, the old Wakefield bridge is only being used for pedestrian movement. The chapel of St. Mary the Virgin located upon the old Wakefield bridge was built at the same time as the bridge and shares its foundation stones with it. During its lifetime it has witnessed many changes in its use. The western front of the chapel has been replaced three times since it was first built while the rest of the structure was reproduced by Scott in the 19th century. The chapel is a living testimony for survival and adaptability. Today the chapel is being taken care of by a group of elderly interested members of the public who call themselves Friends of the chantry chapel. They manage the property, care for its existence and wellbeing and organize set of events annually in the chapel and on the bridge. Both structures are in a relatively very good condition. However lacking public appreciation and awareness. Also their long term sustainability is endangered by the domination of a particular small group of interested people. The regeneration of the two structures is vital especially with the local authorities plans to regenerate the waterfronts of Wakefield. This study shows that because of the great significance and extraordinary merits of the structures it is not advisable to adapt one use to the chapel or the bridge. A synergy of a number of uses is important for a better regeneration scheme and a well sustained environment on the lorg run. The proposed uses work collectively with the aid of some supportive uses in the context of the site work together for an overall coherent vibrant, culturally rich urban setting.
79
BIBLOGRAPHY & NOTES
BIBLOGRAGHY
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. BAILEY, J., 2007. QUINQUENNIAL REPORT, London. BWB_Consulting, 2011. Trinity walk. Projects - Trinity Walk. Available at: http://www.bwbconsulting.com/projects/profile/22/trinity-walk [Accessed January 12, 2012]. Blanck, M.L., 2004. photos wakefield. Available at: http://maggieblanck.com/Land/PhotosWakefield.html [Accessed December 27, 2011]. English Heritage, 2011. CHAPEL OF ST MARY ON EAST SIDE OF WAKEFIELD BRIDGE . The National Heritage List for England . Available at: http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1258242 [Accessed November 15, 2011]. English Heritage, 2011. WAKEFIELD BRIDGE . The National Heritage List for England. Available at: http://list.englishheritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1273508 [Accessed November 15, 2011]. Faulkner Browns and Belasis Business Centre, 2004. Wakefield Waterfront, Master plan Report, Friends of the Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, 2011. The Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield . Available at: http://www.wakefieldfhs.org.uk/chantry_chapel/. Hudson, J., 2006. WAKEFIELD DIOCESAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE 2006 ANNUAL REPORT, WAKEFIELD. Kate Taylor, 2011. The Pious Undertaking Progresses: The chantry chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield Bridge, in the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries, Wakefield: Wakefield Historical Publications. Littlefield, D., 2007. Architectural Voices: Listening to Old Buildings, John Wiley & Sons . Office for national statistics, 2010. official labour market statistics. Available at: http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038432032/report.aspx [Accessed January 5, 2012]. Ruskin, J., 1990. The Seven Lamps of Architecture , Dover Publications Inc. Stephen Wilson, 2009. Ossett History - 14th and 15th Centuries. Available at: http://www.ossett.net/14-15th.html [Accessed December 29, 2011]. Wakefield Cathedral Chapter, 2011. Wakefield Cathedral. Available at: http://www.wakefieldcathedral.org.uk/m.asp?idno=1156 [Accessed December 29, 2011]. Wakefield City Council, 2011. Wakefield City Regeneration map. Wakefield City Regeneration. Available at: http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/default.htm [Accessed November 20, 2011]. Wakefield City Council, 2011. Wakefield MDC - Conservation Area Maps, Available at: http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6C5B921E-FBE1-431F-87F9-108A0978DFCC/0/ConservationAreaMaps2.pdf. Wakefield Council, 2011. The Chantry Chapel of St Mary . Available at: http://www.experiencewakefield.co.uk/attractions/thedms.aspx?dms=13&venue=2190551. Walker, J., 1934. Wakefield: its history and people, Yorkshire Printing Co.
17.
18.
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BIBLOGRAPHY & NOTES
NOTES
1. Wakefield Council, 2011. The Chantry Chapel of St Mary . Available at: http://www.experiencewakefield.co.uk/attractions/thedms.aspx?dms=13&venue=2190 551. Wakefield Anglican Diocese, 2011. Toilet Twinning at Chantry Chapel . Available at: http://www.wakefield.anglican.org/news/story/toilet_twinning_at_chantry_chapel [Accessed November 15, 2011]. Friends of the Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, 2011. The Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield . Available at: http://www.wakefieldfhs.org.uk/chantry_chapel/. Blanck, M.L., 2004. photos wakefield. Available at: http://maggieblanck.com/Land/PhotosWakefield.html [Accessed December 27, 2011]. Walker, J., 1934. Wakefield: its history and people, Yorkshire Printing Co. Kate Taylor, 2011. The Pious Undertaking Progresses: The chantry chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield Bridge, in the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries, Wakefield: Wakefield Historical Publications.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
81
18.0 APPENDIX
82
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
APPENDIX 3
Distributed questionnaire
Sample Answer
APPENDIX 4
The Chapel
Compatibility of building with potential use Criteria Ability to accommodate the potential use within the existing building and site Impact of potential use on historic fabric Opportunities to enhance significance of the building through potential use Opportunities to benefit the wider community through potential use Environmental sustainability of potential use Servicing and access requirements of potential use Building service requirements for potential use Building owners comments Land use and planning context Criteria Potential fit with local plan, structure plan and wider planning policy Statutory obligations of potential use Requirement for parking facilities compatibility of use within site Compatibility of site and surroundings with potential use Criteria Impact of potential use on surrounding buildings and landscape Contribution of potential use to land use mix in local and regional area Contribution of potential use to character of the local area Physical constraints of site in relation to potential use 4 3 2 1
TOTAL
Community centre
TOTAL
28
TOTAL
10
13
Market Demand Criteria Existing and planned similar use within surrounding area Need and likely demand for potential use Competition with nearby uses Potential for collaboration with other organisations Potential end users Financial Deliverability Criteria Funding potential for use Potential for income generation Potential on-going expenditure Potential delivery model 4 3 2 1
TOTAL
TOTAL
12
The Chapel
TOTAL
Story telling centre
TOTAL
29
TOTAL
12
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
16
The Chapel
Art Gallery
TOTAL
TOTAL
23
TOTAL
11
10
TOTAL
TOTAL
13
13
The Chapel
Bakery/Cafe
TOTAL
TOTAL
12
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
16
10
The Chapel
TOTAL
Bookshop/Small Library
TOTAL
21
TOTAL
10
12
TOTAL
TOTAL
16
10
The Chapel
TOTAL
Cultural Hub for preforming Arts
TOTAL
22
TOTAL
11
14
TOTAL
TOTAL
17
13
The Chapel
TOTAL
Design Hub
TOTAL
19
TOTAL
11
10
TOTAL
TOTAL
17
11
The Chapel
TOTAL
Educational Hub
TOTAL
20
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
11
The Chapel
TOTAL
Healing Island (Meditation centre)
TOTAL
29
TOTAL
12
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
19
13
The Chapel
TOTAL
Heritage centre
TOTAL
25
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
15
10
The Chapel
TOTAL
Industrial or Manufacturing
TOTAL
10
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
15
11
The Chapel
TOTAL
Offices
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
13
The Chapel
TOTAL
Sculpture Studio
TOTAL
17
TOTAL
10
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
17
The Chapel
TOTAL
Tailor/Dress Shop
TOTAL
18
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
11
The Chapel
TOTAL
Wine Tasting Club
TOTAL
26
TOTAL
12
TOTAL
TOTAL
10
The Bridge
Art Spaces
TOTAL
TOTAL
26
TOTAL
11
12
TOTAL
TOTAL
18
11
The Bridge
TOTAL
Community Platform
TOTAL
26
TOTAL
12
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
17
12
The Bridge
TOTAL
Green Corridor
TOTAL
24
TOTAL
12
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
18
10
The Bridge
TOTAL
Open Market
TOTAL
23
TOTAL
12
14
TOTAL
TOTAL
18
14
The Bridge
TOTAL
Performance Stage
TOTAL
26
TOTAL
11
14
TOTAL
TOTAL
20
14
The Bridge
TOTAL
Research Platform
TOTAL
28
TOTAL
13
13
TOTAL
TOTAL
16
11
The Bridge
TOTAL
Restaurants
TOTAL
23
TOTAL
11
14
TOTAL
TOTAL
19
12
AND THE STORY SHALL CONTINUE
2012 Feasibility study The Chantry Bridge and Chapel of St. Mary The Virgin Fay Al Khalifa

Feasibility Study :the Chantry Bridge of Wakefield and The Chapel of ST Mary The Virgin

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Feasibility Study :the Chantry Bridge of Wakefield and The Chapel of ST Mary The Virgin

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Feasibility Study :the Chantry Bridge of Wakefield and The Chapel of ST Mary The Virgin

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1

I owe to you my deepest gratitude.

The city centre, the industrial boarders and the in between

A Dose of history on the way to the gallery

A station in the path of knowledge

47 48-.49 50.-51 52 53 54 54.-58 59 60 60 61

13.0 Preferred option.

The current Situation

Options for solutions

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS CONCLUSION

2.2 The study area and location

2.3 Property Details and directions

The Chantry Chapel

The Chantry Bridge

was it there in the first place ?

1790 Plan of the City of Wakefield 4

2011 Plan of the City of Wakefield

Clothes Dealer Storage

Different uses of the chantry chapel throughout its lifetime

Water reservoir CheeseCake shop

Painting of the chantry chapel of St Mary The Virgin

Oppositions yet both of competing value :

B. The west front ( the Most recent part )

Age and Rarity

Considered a very important building type ( Church ) in a Christian country.

Religious and spiritual value

list of the membership of Wakefield Diocesan Advisory Committee (DAC)

Waterfront conservation area in Wakefield

Possibly involved organizations:

Listed Building Consent Scheduled Monument Consent Conservation Area Consent

The chantry chapel and bridge locations as identified by English heritage

Planning policies and Guidance

B. Local planning policy

2. LOCAL CONTEXT (KIRKGATE) x2

3. IMMEDIATE CONTEXT (WATERFRONT) x3

Very Important Important Not Important I dont know

How Many Times do you use the chantry Bridge annually?

0 1-5 6-20 More than 20

No Influence Some Influence Great Influence

A brief description of the three structures in question:

The Packhorse Bridge:

Different views of the three structures of concern in the study:

Condition and repairs summary:

Summary of major defects:

Existing Section A-A

Vandalism and Neglect

Weak Connection to the city

Complicated pedestrian connection

MAIN SITE BOUNDRY

A brief statement of what is important about the buildings:

2. The fabric of the Bridge:

The Survival The Possibility

The In-Between The Void

Possible Regeneration Locations:

Set of criteria to assess potential options :

Land use and planning

Story tel l i ng center Heri tage center

Cul tura l Hub for preformi ng Arts Educa tiona l Hub

Ba kery / Ca f Wi ne Ta s ting Cl ub Books hop/Sma l l Li bra ry Ta i l or/Dres s Shop

Scul pture Studi o Indus tri a l or Ma nufa cturi ng Offi ces

Art Spa ces