IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGE OVER USING MICRO-CONTROLLER A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

T.ARAVIND RAJ G.GANESAN S.KARTHIK T.PRAKASH (12708105005) (12708105017) (12708105024) (12708105037)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

G R T COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TIRUTTANI.

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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2012

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGE OVER USING MICRO-CONTROLLER is the bonafide work of ARAVIND RAJ.T (12708105005), GANESAN.G (12708105017), KARTHIK.S(12708105024), PRAKASH.T(12708105037) who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

SUPERVISOR Mr. RAJESH KUMAR Assistant Professor Department of EEE GRT Institute of Engg & Tech., Tiruttani

HEAD OF THEDEPARTMENT Mr. D. THIYAGU Head of the Department Department of EEE GRT Institute of Engg & Tech., Tiruttani

Submitted for the project viva voice examination held on .

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INTERNAL EXAMINER

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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ABSTRACT

Avail brand APC monitors the incoming voltage in all three phases using reliable and rugged sensors. In the event of power failure or low voltage in up to two of the three incoming phases, the Avail APC automatically transfers your equipment supply to the healthiest phase. The low voltage Cut of is a smart unique feature with Avail APC protects you equipment from the harmful effects of unhealthily low voltage. Automation plays a predominant role in the modern scientific world. Automatic phase changer finds application in small offices, residences where single phase equipments are used during phase failure, this unit automatically take the available phase lines and distribute to the non-available lines. The circuit is built around a transformer, regulator, transistor & relay. Three identical sets of the circuit, one for each of three phases are used. Depending upon the voltage at the output of IC the relay gets energized or de-energized and with this phase can be choosed. Using Automatic phase changer we can operate all our equipment even when the voltage in any of the phase exceeds the rating of the equipment.

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CONTENTS Chapter.No Title ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT Page.No iii iv

LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. CURRENT SCENARIO 1.2. PROPOSED MODEL 1.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED MODEL 1.3.1 DESCRIPTION 1.4. WORKING DESCRIPTION 2 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
2.1 MICROCONTROLLER AT89s52 2.1.1 ARCHITECTURE 2.1.1.1 DATA FLOW 2.1.1.2 INSTRUCTION TYPE 2.1.1.3 8 BIT CONTROLLER 2.1.2 FEATURES OF AT89s52 2.1.3 PIN DESCRIPTION 2.1.4 ADVANTAGES 2.2 ADC0804 2.2.1 ADC PIN OUT AND TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 2.3 RELAY 2.3.1 RELAY & USES 2.3.2 RELAY DESIGN 2.3.3 HOW RELAY WORK 2.3.4 RELAY BASICS 2.3.5 RELAY APPLICATIONS 2.3.6 RELAY SELECTION v

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2.4 ULN 2003 2.4.1 DEFINITION 2.5 LCD INTERFACING 2.5.1 INTRODUCTION 2.5.2 WHAT IS INTERFACING 2.5.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 2.5.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO KEIL SOFTWARE 3.2 STEPS FOLLOWED IN CREATING AN APPLICATION 3.3 DEVICE DATABASE 3.4 PERIPHERAL SIMULATION 3.5 PROGRAMMES 3.6 PRO-LOAD PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM 4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRPTION 4.3 USE OF STEP DOWN TRANSFOMER IN PROJECT 4.4 USE OF RELAY IN PROJECT 4.5 RELAY AT NORMAL CONDTION 4.6 RELAY AT FAULT CONDITION 4.7 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 4.8 FLOW DIAGRAM DESCRPTION 4.9

2. 3. 4.

LITERATURE SURVEY METHODOLOGY MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT 4.1 Specification of Storage Tank
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8 11 12 13

5.

MODELOF THE ROBOT 5.1 3D Anatomy of Robot 5.2 Detail Drawing of Robot Parts

15 15 20 26 26 27 31 31 31 32 33 36 37 37 37 38 38 39 41 41 41 42 42 43 45 45

6.

DESIGN DETAILS OF THE ROBOT 6.1 Specification of Robot 6.2 Design Calculation of Robot

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FINITE ELEMEMT METHOD 8.1 Methods of Engineering Analysis 8.2 Introduction to FEM 8.3 Introduction to FEA 8.4 Steps in FEA 8.5 Advantages in FEA 8.6 Analysis of Base Part 8.6.1 Geometry and Mesh 8.6.2 Material Data 8.6.3 Loads and Constraints 8.6.4 Results 8.6.5 Figures 8.7 Analysis of Cylindrical Drum Part 8.7.1 Geometry and Mesh 8.7.2 Material Data 8.7.3 Loads and Constraints 8.7.4 Results 8.7.5 Figures 8.8 Analysis of Slide with Rack 8.8.1 Geometry and Mesh
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8.8.2 Material Data 8.8.3 Loads and Constraints 8.8.4 Results 8.8.5 Figures 8.9 Analysis of Pre End Effector 8.9.1 Geometry and Mesh 8.9.2 Material Data 8.9.3 Loads and Constraints 8.9.4 Results 8.9.5 Figures 8.10 Analysis of End Effector 8.10.1 Geometry and Mesh 8.10.2 Material Data 8.10.3 Loads and Constraints 8.10.4 Results 8.10.5 Figures 8.11 Dynamic Analysis 8.11.1 Angle of Rotation when Base is activiated 8.11.2 Angle of rotation Pre End Effector is activated 8.11.4 Angular Velocity of Base when pre end effector Activated 8.11.5 Angular Velocity of Base when end effector activated CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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45 46 46 47 49 49 49 50 50 51 53 53 53 54 54 55 57 57 57

8.11.3 Angle of rotation End Effector Links is activated 57 58

58
59 60

LIST OF FIGURES Fig .No. 1.1

4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8

Title Existing Model

2 D View of Storage Tank Front View of the Robot Assembly View of the Robot Side View of the Robot Top View of the Robot Base Mechanism of the Robot Rack And Pinion Arrangement Detail Drawing of Base Detail Drawing of Shoulder Detail Drawing of Pitch Detail Drawing of Rack Detail Drawing of Slider Detail Drawing of Assembly View Equivalent Stress of Base Maximum Principal Stress of Base Maximum Principal Stress of Base Deformation of Base Equivalent Stress of Cylindrical Drum

Page No. 06
14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 39 39 40 40 43 43 44 44

Maximum Principal Stress of Cylindrical Drum Maximum Principal Stress of Cylindrical Drum Deformation of Cylindrical Drum
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8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25

Equivalent Stress of Slide with Rack Maximum Principal Stress of Slide with Rack Maximum Principal Stress of Slide with Rack Deformation of Slide with Rack Equivalent Stress of Pre End Effector Maximum Principal Stress of Pre End Effector Maximum Principal Stress of Pre End Effector Deformation of Pre End Effector Equivalent Stress of End Effector Maximum Principal Stress of End Effector Maximum Principal Stress of End Effector Deformation of End Effector Angle of Rotation When Base is activated Angle of rotation Pre End Effector is activated Angle of rotation End Effector Links is activated Angular Velocity of Base is when Pre End Effector activated Angular Velocity of Base is when End Effector activated

47 47 48 48 51 51 52 52 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 58

LIST OF TABLES Table .No.

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15

Title
Elements and Nodes Material Property for Al 6061 Load & Constraints Definitions Structural Results Elements and Nodes Material Property for Al 6061 Load & Constraints Definitions Structural Results Elements and Nodes Material Property for Al 6061 Load & Constraints Definitions Structural Results Elements and Nodes Material Property for Al 6061 Load & Constraints Definitions
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Page No.
37 37 38 38 41 41 42 42 45 45 46 46 49 49 50

8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20

Structural Results Elements and Nodes Material Property for Al 6061 Load & Constraints Definitions Structural Results

50 53 53 54 54

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