CHECKLIST GASTROINTESTINAL MODULE PART I SUBJECTS Physiology TOPICS Introduction to Gastrointestinal Physiology Structure, Innervation, Functions and motility

y of GIT ORAL CAVITY, SALIVARY GLANDS AND PHARYNX Skull Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae Muscles of Mastication Mandibular Nerve Otic Ganglion Maxillary Artery Oral Cavity Divisions Muscles of the Floor of the Mouth Palate Hard Palate Soft Palate o Palatine Aponeurosis o Muscles of Soft Palate o Nerve supply of Soft Palate Arterial Supply, Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of the Palate Digestive System, Mouth and Lip Tongue Mucous Membrane of the Tongue Muscles of the Tongue Nerve and Arterial Supply, Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of the Tongue Tongue The Lingual Papillae o Filiform Papillae o Fungiform Papillae o Circumvallate Papillae o Folliate Papillae Von Abners Glands Pharynx Muscles of Pharynx Interior of Pharynx o Nasopharynx o Oropharynx - Palatine Tonsil (Relations, arterial & nerve supply, venous & lymphatic drainage) o Laryngopharynx Nerve & Arterial Supply, Venous & Lymphatic Drainage of Pharynx 1 PART/ PAGE Part I, 2-8 REMARKS

Part I, 10 Part I, 12 Part I, 14 Part I, 16 Part I, 17 Part I, 19-21 Part I, 22-25

Anatomy
Histology

Part I, 44-47 Part I, 26-29

Anatomy

Part I, 48-51

Histology

Part I, 38 Part I, 40

Anatomy

Part I, 42

Histology

Pharynx Salivary Glands Parotid Gland o Shape, Lobes and Surfaces o Capsule o Parotid Duct o Structures within o Blood, & Nerve Supply, Lymphatic Drainage of Parotid Gland o Relations Submandibular Gland o Relations o Relations of deep part of the Gland o Capsule o Submandibular duct o Blood & Nerve Supply, Lymphatic Drainage of Submandibular gland Sublingual Gland o Relations o Sublingual Ducts o Blood & Nerve Supply, Lymphatic Drainage of Sublingual Gland Salivary Glands Divisions of Salivary Glands o Main ( Major) o Accessory (Minor) General Architechture of Main Salivary Glands Parotid Gland Submandibular Gland Sublingual Gland Salivary Secretions & Mastication Salivary Secretions o Types o Salivary Secretion is an Active Process o Innervation of Salivary Gland o Effects of Parasymp Stimulation o Effects of Symp Stimulation o Composition of Saliva o Function of Saliva o Control of Salivary Secretions Mastication Disease of Oral Cavity Stomatitis o Traumatic Stomatitis o Aphthous Ulcers o Infections - Herpatic Stomatitis - Oral Candidiasis - Vincents Angina 2

Part I, 52 Part I, 31

Anatomy

Part I, 34

Part I, 37

Part I, 53

Histology

Part I, 54 Part I, 59

Part I, 61

Physiology

Part I, 65 Part I, 67 Part I, 69

Pathology

Virology

- Ludwigs Angina - Agranulocytic Angina o Angular Cheilitis Reactive Proliferation and Soft Tissue Swellings o Fibroepithelial Polyp o Pyogenic Granuloma o Epulis o Retention Cyst Precancerous lesions o Leukoplakia o Erythroplakia Tumors of oral cavity o Benign o Malignant - Squamous Cell Carcinoma Disease of Tongue Congenital Anomalies Glossitis Ulcers of tongue o Dental Ulcers o Aphthous Ulcer o Syphilitic Ulcer o Tuberculous Ulcer o Malignant Ulcer Disease of Salivary Glands Xerostomia Sialadenitis Sialolithiasis Tumors of Salivary Glands o Benign - Pleomorphic Adenoma - Warthin Tumor @ Adenolymphoma o Malignant Mumps Virus

Part I, 70

Part I, 71

Part I, 72

Part I, 74

Part I, 76

Part I,80

SUBJECTS Anterior Abdominal wall

ABDOMINAL WALL AND PERITONEUM TOPICS Surface anatomy Abdominal regions Fascia of anterior abdominal wall Muscles of anterior abdominal wall Rectus Sheath - Definition - Formation - Walls - Contents 3

PART/PAGES Part I, 83-87

REMARKS

Anatomy

Part I,88

Ligaments and stuctures of anterior abdominal wall Blood supply Nerve supply Lymphatic drainage Inguinal Region Inner surface of anterior abdominal wall o Umbilical cords or ligaments - Median umbilical ligament - Medial umbilical ligament - Lateral umbilical fold Hernia Poterior Abdominal Wall Boundaries Muscles of posterior abdominal wall Abdominal aorta o Surface anatomy o Relations o Branches Inferior Vena Cava o Relations o Tributaries Nerves of posterior abdominal wall o Sympathetic Trunk o Abdominal prevertebral plexus and ganglia o Aortic plexus o Coeliac plexus o Hypogastric plexuses o Lumbar plexus - Branches of Lumbar plexus (8) Thoracolumbar fascia Peritoneum

Part I, 90-92 Part I, 93 Part I,95 Part I, 97 Part I, 98 Part I,99

Part I, 100 Part I, 101 Part I, 103

Part I, 107

Part I, 108

Part I, 112 Part I, 113-117

SUBJECTS Esophagus Parts Sites of constriction Blood supply

ESOPHAGUS TOPICS

Histology Physiology Pathology

Anatomy

PAGES Part I, 120

REMARKS

General architecture of alimentary canal Esophagus Physiology of esophagus Deglutition (swallowing) Congenital anomalies Lesions associated with motor dysfunction Achalasia 4

Part I, 120 Part I, 124 Part I, 126 Part I, 128 Part I, 131 Part I, 133

Hiatal hernia Diverticula Part I, 135-141

Esophagial varices Esophagitis Barrets esophagus Tumors of esophagus Ulcers of esophagus Dysphagia

SUBJECTS

STOMACH TOPICS Stomach Site, parts, curvature, orifices of stomach Structure of stomach wall Relations Blood supply Lymph drainage Nerve supply Stomach The fundus and body of stomach Cardiac region of stomach Pylorus of stomach Functions of stomach Innervation of stomach Gastric secretions Cells lining gastric gland Composition of gastric secretion Hydrocloric acid o Functions of HCl Enzymes of gastric juice Gastric mucosal barrier againt autodigestion by gastric juice Regulation of gastric secretion o Nervous mechanism o Humoral mechanism Gastric motility Types of gastric motility o Tonic contraction o Hunger contraction o Receptive relaxation o Peristaltic movement Migrating Motor Complex (MMC) The gastric slow wave Stomach emptying o Regulations of stomach emptying - Gastric factor - Duodenal factor 5

PART/ PAGES Part I, 143-147

REMARKS

Anatomy

Histology

Part I,148 Part I, 154 Part I, 157 Part I, 158-166

Physiology

Part I, 166-170

- Other factors Vomitting Definition, nervous pathway of vomitting reflex Causes of vomitting o Central causes o Peripheral causes o Psychogenic vomitting Effects of loss of considerable amount of gastric secretions Congenital anomalies Gastritis Acute gastritis Chronic gastritis Type A: Immunologic (autoimmune) gastritis Type B: Chronic gastritis @ helicobacter pylori associated gastritis Gastric ulceration Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) Acute gastric ulceration Tumors of the stomach Benign tumors o Epithelial origin: Gastric Polyps - Inflammatory and Hyperplastic polyps - Fundic gland polyps - Adenomatous polyps Malignant tumors o Epithelial origin: - Gastric carcinoma o Mesenchymal origin: - Malignant lymphoma - Sarcoma - Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Heamatemesis Helicobacter Pylori Pharmacotherapy of acid related disorder Drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease o Reducing gastric secretion 1- Proton pump inhibitor (Omeprazole, Lanzoplazole) 2- H2-receptor antagonist ( Cimetidine, Ranitidine,Famotidine, Nizatidine) 3- Anti muscarinic drugs (Pirenzipine) o Neutralization of gastric acidity - Antacids Mucosal protective agents o Prostaglandin analogue : Misopristol o Sucralfate o Bismuth chelate 6

Part I, 171

Part I, 174 Part I, 175180

Part I, 181 Part I,187 Part I, 209 Part I, 210

Pathology

Part I, 210-215 Part I, 215-216

Part I, 216

Microbiology

Part I, 191 Part I, 192

Pharmacology

Part I, 196 Part I, 199

Eradication of H.Pylori o PPI-based three drugs regimen o Bismuth-based four drugs regimen

Part I, 201

Anti-Emetic drugs Anticholinergic drug (Scopolamine) Histamine 1 receptor antagonist (Diphenhydramine, Meclizine, Cyclizine, Dimenhydrinate, Promethazine) Dopamine antagonist ( Metoclopramide, Phenothiazines, butyrophenones) 5-HT3 antagonist (Ondansetron, Granisetron) Neurokinin receptor antagonist (Aprepitant) Cannabinoids (Dronabinol, Nabilone) Glucocorticoids (Dexamethazone, Methylprednisolone) Benzodiazepines ( Lorazepam, Diazepam) Combination Regimens Prokinetic drugs Metoclopramide (Primperan) Domperidone (Motilium) Motilin and its analogue

Part I 202-207

Part I, 207-208

SUBJECTS Liver Liver

HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM TOPICS Site, shape, lobes of liver Relations Quadrate lobe Porta Hepatis Blood supply Peritoneal connection Embryonic remnants Areas of liver not coverd by peritoneum Hepatic segmentation Surface anatomy Blood supply of liver Structure of liver Hepatic blood sinusoid The space of Disse Biliary tree Internal organization of liver o Classic hepatic lobule o The portal lobule o The liver acinus Functions of liver 7

PART/PAGES Part I, 218

REMARKS

Anatomy

Part I, 233 Part I, 228-234

Histology

Physiology of Liver Functions of liver Physiology of Bile secretions

Part I, 236-242

Physiology

Composition of bile o Bile salts o Function of bile salts Regulation of bile secretion o Humoral mechanism o Nervous mechanism o Blood flow Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis E virus Parenterally Transmitted hepatitis virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis C virus Diseases of liver Patterns of hepatic injury o Degenerative changes - Hydropic changes - Fatty change - Cholestasis o Necrosis o Inflammation o Fibrosis o Cirrhosis o Grading and staging of liver biopsy Hepatitis o Viral hepatitis - Introductions - Acute viral hepatitis - Chronic viral hepatitis Fulminant hepatitis Carrier state Liver abscesses Cirrhosis o Types of cirrhosis - Post necrotic (post hhepatitic) Cirrhosis - Alcoholic Cirrhosis (Laennecs/ Portal Cirrhosis) - Biliary Cirrhosis - Metabolic diseases Hemochromatosis Wilsons disease Deficiency of 1-Antitrypsin - Cryptogenic Cirrhosis Portal Hypertension Jaundice and Cholestasis 8

Virology

Part I, 249 Part I, 251 Part I, 252 Part I, 257 Part I, 258 Part I, 262-264

Part I, 275-276

Pathology

Part I, 265 Part I, 267 Part I, 271

Part I,276 Part I, 278 Part I, 281-285

Part I, 286-289 Part I, 290

Histology

Hepatic failure Tumors and tumors like lesions of the liver Tumors like lesion o Cirrhotic nodules o Focal nodular hyperplasia Tumors of liver o Benign tumors o Malignant tumors - Primary malignant hepatic tumor Hepatocelluar Carcinoma (HCC) Cholangiocarcinoma - Metastatic @ sencondary tumors Biliary system Gall Bladder Biliary ducts Portal venous system Histology of Gall bladder Physiology of Gall bladder Functions Factors affecting evacuation of gall bladder Bile Pigments Production of bile pigments Fate of stercobilinogen Other bile constituents Jaundice Types of jaundice o Haemolytic jaundice o Obstructive jaundice o Hepatocellular jaundice Disorder of of gall bladder Cholelithiais Cholecytitis o Acute Cholecystitis o Chronic cholecystitis Carcinoma of gall bladder Fasciola hepatica (Liver Flukes) Fasciola gigantica Scistosoma Mansoni

Part I, 293

Part I, 294-297

Anatomy

Part I, 298 Part I, 223

Part I, 225 Part I, 235 Part I, 243

Part I, 245

Physiology

Part I, 247

Pathology

Part I, 299 Part I, 302 Part I, 304 Part I, 305 Part I, 307 Part I, 310 Part I, 311

Parasitology