Ptosis- is a drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid.

The drooping may be worse after being

awake longer, when the individual's muscles are tired. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to amblyopia. If severe enough and left untreated, the drooping eyelid can cause other conditions, such as amblyopia or astigmatism. This is why it is especially important for this disorder to be treated in children at a young age, before it can interfere with vision development.

Constrict-

Dilate-Focus on objects that are far away. Your pupils will get bigger as your eyes adjust to a further viewing distance.[6] Another way to approach this is to suddenly blur your vision as much as you can.[7] If you're doing this correctly, your eyes will feel very relaxed; if you start to see double, you've probably crossed your eyes and need to start over.[8] With these techniques, you won't be able to observe your own eyes, so you'll need to record yourself or have a friend watch.
A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope (lens capsule), varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. Early in the development of age-related cataract, the power of the lens may be increased, causing nearsightedness (myopia), and the gradual yellowing and opacification of the lens may reduce the perception of blue colors. Cataracts typically progress slowly to cause vision loss, and are potentially blinding if untreated. The condition usually affects both eyes, but almost always one eye is [1] affected earlier than the other. A senile cataract, occurring in the elderly, is characterized by an initial opacity in the lens, [2] subsequent swelling of the lens and final shrinkage with complete loss of transparency. Moreover, with time the cataract cortex liquefies to form a milky white fluid in a Morgagnian cataract, which can cause severe inflammation if the lens capsule ruptures and leaks. Untreated, the cataract can cause phacomorphic glaucoma. Very advanced cataracts with weakzonules are liable to dislocation anteriorly or posteriorly. Such spontaneous posterior dislocations (akin to the historical surgical procedure of couching) in ancient times were regarded as a blessing from the heavens, because some perception of light was restored in the cataractous patients. Some children develop cataracts, called congenital cataracts, before or just after birth; these are [3] usually dealt with differently from cataracts in adults. Cataract derives from the Latin cataracta meaning "waterfall" and that from the Greek [4] (katarakts) or (katarrhakts), "down-rushing", from (katarass) meaning [5] [6][7] "to dash down" (from kata-, "down"; arassein, "to strike, dash"). As rapidly running water turns white, the term may later have been used metaphorically to describe the similar appearance of [8] mature ocular opacities. In Latin, cataracta had the alternate meaning "portcullis" and it is possible that the name passed through French to form the English meaning "eye disease" (early 15c.), on the [9] notion of "obstruction". Early Persian physicians called the term nazul-i-ah, or "descent of the water"vulgarised into waterfall disease or cataractbelieving such blindness to be caused by an [10] outpouring of corrupt humour into the eye.

Anicteric sclera- anicteric: without jaundice; not affected by jaundice

A portion of the fibrous layer forming the outer envelope of the eyeball, except for its anterior sixth, which is the cornea

Ptridium

Presbyopia- Presbyopia is a condition where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to
focus on near objects with age. Presbyopias exact mechanisms are not known with certainty; the research evidence most strongly supports a loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens, although changes in the lenss curvature from continual growth and loss of power of the ciliary muscles (the muscles that bend and straighten the lens) have also been postulated as its cause. Like gray hair and wrinkles, presbyopia is a symptom caused by the natural course of aging. The first signs of presbyopia eyestrain, difficulty seeing in dim light, problems focusing on small objects and/or fine print are usually first noticed between the ages of 40 and 50. The ability to focus on near objects declines throughout life, from an accommodation of about 20 dioptres (ability to focus at 50 mm away) in a child, to 10 dioptres at age 25 (100 mm), and levels off at 0.5 to 1 dioptre at age 60 (ability to focus down to 12 meters only). The expected maximum and minimum amplitudes of accommodation for a corrected patient of a given age can be determined using Hofstetter's formulas: Expected amplitude (D) = 18.5 - 0.3 x (age in years), Maximum amplitude (D) = 25 - 0.4 x (age in years), Minimum [1] amplitude (D) = 15 - 0.25 x (age in years). The word presbyopia comes from the Greek word presbys (), meaning "old man" or "elder", [2] and the Neolatin suffix -opia, meaning "sightedness", giving rise to the laymen's definition often seen [3] in consumer articles or medical glossaries, "old eyes".

Parts of the Ears

Parts of the Mouth

Fordyce's spots are small, painless, raised, pale, red or white spots or bumps 1 to 3 mm in diameter that may appear on the scrotum, shaft of the penis or on the labia, as well as the inner surface (retromolar mucosa) and vermilion border of the lips of the face. They are common in men and women of all ages. They are named after an American dermatologist, John Addison [2] [3] Fordyce. On the head of the penis, they are called Tyson's glands, not to be confused [4] with Hirsuties papillaris genitalis. The spots are a form of ectopic sebaceous gland: normally, sebaceous glands are only found in association with a hair follicle. They are not known to be associated with any disease or illness and are of cosmetic concern only. They aren't infectious and are a natural occurrence on the body. Men sometimes consult with a dermatologist because they are worried they may have a sexually [5] transmitted disease (especially genital warts) or some form of cancer, but this is not the case.

[1]

The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct, submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary ducts. It is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It begins by numerous branches from the deep surface of the gland, and runs forward between the mylohyoideus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus, then between the sublingual gland and the genioglossus, and opens by a narrow orifice on the summit of a small papilla at the side of the frenulum lingu. On the hyoglossus it lies between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves, but at the anterior border of the muscle the lingual nerve passes lateral inferior and medial to the submandibular duct.; the terminal branches of the lingual nerve ascend on its medial side. It drains saliva from the submandibular glands and sublingual glands to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue. It was initially described by the English anatomist Thomas Wharton and is sometimes referred to by [2] his name. This is the duct from which a hungry person, preparing to take a first bite of food, might accidentally [3] eject a spray of salivary fluid, or, alternatively, intentionally do so in a process called "gleaking."

[1]

The parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, is the route that saliva takes from the parotid gland into the mouth. It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth next to the maxillary secondmolar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve.

Nasal and oral cavities: opening or hollow parts of the nose and mouth. Superior nasal concha: bony layer folded onto itself in the upper part of the nasopharynx. Sphenoidal sinus: cavity in the area of the sphenoid. Nasopharynx: part of the pharynx in the area of the nose. Maxillary process: outgrowth of the upper jaw that is part of the nasopharynx. Hard palate: arch of the palate. Tongue: organ of taste. Oropharynx: part of the pharynx in the area of the mouth. Epiglottis: a fold of cartilage that closes the glottis during swallowing. Vertebral column: the spine. Laryngopharynx: part of the pharynx in the area of the larynx. Esophagus: part of the digestive tract between the larynx and the cardia of the stomach. Trachea: tube connecting the larynx and the bronchi. Lateral incisive: tooth used for biting and cutting. It has a single root and is situated at the side of the jaw. Entrance of nose: cavity of the nostril. Inferior nasal concha: bony layer folded onto itself situated in the lower part of the nasopharynx. Middle nasal concha: bony layer folded onto itself situated in the middle part of the nasopharynx. Frontal sinus: cavity in the area of the forehead.