IB Calculus Review

1.

The function f is such that f (x) = 2x 2.

When the graph of f is drawn, it has a minimum point at (3, 7).
(a)
(b)
(c)

Show that f (x) = x 2x 3 and hence find f (x).

(6)

Find f (0), f (1) and f (1).

(3)

Hence sketch the graph of f, labelling it with the information obtained in part (b).
(4)

(Note: It is not necessary to find the coordinates of the points where the graph
cuts the x-axis.)
(Total 13 marks)

2.

The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by

x
f (x) = A sin 2 + B,

for 0 x 5, where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.

y

( 1

, 3

( 5

2
( 0

)
x

3
( 3

4
,

The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a)

Write down the values of f (1) and f (5).

(2)

(b)

Show that the period of f is 4.

(2)

The point (3, 1) is a minimum point of the graph.

(c)

Show that A = 2, and find the value of B.

(5)

(d)

x
Show that f (x) = cos 2 .

(4)

The line y = k x is a tangent line to the graph for 0 x 5.

(e)

Find
(i)

the point where this tangent meets the curve;

(ii)

the value of k.
(6)

(f)

Solve the equation f (x) = 2 for 0 x 5.

(5)
(Total 24 marks)

3.

(a) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = ln x at the point (e, 1), and verify that
the origin is on this line.
(4)

(b)

d
Show that dx (x ln x x) = ln x.
(2)

(c)

The diagram shows the region enclosed by the curve y = ln x, the tangent line in part (a), and the
line y = 0.
y

( e ,

Use the result of part (b) to show that the area of this region is

1
2

e 1.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

4.

A curve has equation y = x(x 4) .

(a)

For this curve find

(i)

the x-intercepts;

(ii)

the coordinates of the maximum point;

(iii)

the coordinates of the point of inflexion.

(9)

(b)

Use your answers to part (a) to sketch a graph of the curve for 0 x 4, clearly indicating the
features you have found in part (a).
(3)

(c)

(i)
On your sketch indicate by shading the region whose area is given by the
following integral:

(ii)

x( x 4) 2 dx.

Explain, using your answer to part (a), why the value of this integral is greater than 0 but
less than 40.
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

5.

The main runway at Concordville airport is 2 km long. An airplane, landing at Concordville, touches
down at point T, and immediately starts to slow down. The point A is at the southern end of the runway.
A marker is located at point P on the runway.
P

T
2

Not to scale

As the airplane slows down, its distance, s, from A, is given by

2

s = c + 100t 4t ,
where t is the time in seconds after touchdown, and c metres is the distance of T from A.

(a)

The airplane touches down 800 m from A, (ie c = 800).

(i)

Find the distance travelled by the airplane in the first 5 seconds after touchdown.
(2)

(ii)

Write down an expression for the velocity of the airplane at time t seconds after touchdown,
and hence find the velocity after 5 seconds.
(3)

The airplane passes the marker at P with a velocity of 36 m s . Find

(iii)

how many seconds after touchdown it passes the marker;

(2)

(iv)

the distance from P to A.

(3)

(b)

Show that if the airplane touches down before reaching the point P, it can stop before reaching the
northern end, B, of the runway.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

(a) Sketch the graph of y = sin x x, 3 x 3, on millimetre square paper, using a scale of
2 cm per unit on each axis.

6.

Label and number both axes and indicate clearly the approximate positions of the
x-intercepts and the local maximum and minimum points.
(5)

(b)

Find the solution of the equation

sin x x = 0,

(c)

x > 0.
(1)

Find the indefinite integral

( sin x x)dx
and hence, or otherwise, calculate the area of the region enclosed by the graph, the
x-axis and the line x = 1.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

7.

In this part of the question, radians are used throughout.

The function f is given by
2

f (x) = (sin x) cos x.

The following diagram shows part of the graph of y = f (x).
y

The point A is a maximum point, the point B lies on the x-axis, and the point C is a point of inflexion.

(a)

Give the period of f.

(1)

(b)

From consideration of the graph of y = f (x), find to an accuracy of one significant figure the
range of f.
(1)

(c)

(i)

Find f (x).

(ii)

Hence show that at the point A, cos x =

(iii)

Find the exact maximum value.

1
3.
(9)

(d)

Find the exact value of the x-coordinate at the point B.

(1)

(e)

(i)
(ii)

Find

f (x) dx.

Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram.

(4)

(f)

8.

Given that f (x) = 9(cos x) 7 cos x, find the x-coordinate at the point C.

(4)
(Total 20 marks)

5
1

(
)
2
x
1
(2x1)
, x 2 .
Consider the function f (x) e
+
(a)

Sketch the curve of f for 2 x 2, including any asymptotes.

(3)

(b)

(i)
(ii)

Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of f.

Write down which one of the following expressions does not represent an area between the
curve of f and the x-axis.

(iii)

f (x)dx

f (x)dx

Justify your answer.

(3)

(c)

The region between the curve and the x-axis between x = 1 and x = 1.5 is rotated through 360
about the x-axis. Let V be the volume formed.
(i)

Write down an expression to represent V.

(ii)

Hence write down the value of V.

(4)

(d)

Find f (x).
(4)

(e)

(i)
(ii)

Write down the value of x at the minimum point on the curve of f.

The equation f (x) = k has no solutions for p k < q. Write down the value of p and of q.

(3)
(Total 17 marks)

9.

Let

(a)

3 f ( x) dx = 12.

Show that

f ( x) dx = 4.
(2)
5

(b)

( x + f ( x) ) dx + ( x + f ( x) ) dx.
Find the value of
1

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(5)
(Total 7 marks)

SOLUTIONS
10.

f (x)= 2x 2
2
f (x) = x 2x + c
= 0 when x = 3
0
=96+c
c
= 3(A1)
2
f (x) = x 2x 3
x3
2
f (x) = 3 x 3x + d

(a)

(M1)(M1)

(AG)
(M1)

When x = 3, f (x)
= 7

7 = 9 9 9 + d (M1)

d
= 2 (A1)
3
x
2

f (x)= 3 x 3x + 2
(b)

f (0) = 2

(A1)

1
f (1) = 3 1 + 3 + 2
2
=33
(A1)
f (1) = 1 + 2 3
=0
(A1)

(c)

1, 3
3 is a stationary point
f (1) = 0
y

2
,
3

3
2
x

( 3

)
(A4)

Note: Award (A1) for maximum, (A1) for (0, 2)

(A1) for (3, 7), (A1) for cubic.
[13]

11.

(a)

f (1) = 3

f (5) = 3

(A1)(A1)

(b)

EITHER

2
Period of sin kx = k ;
2

so period = 2
=4
(AG)

OR

(c)

(d)

distance between successive maxima = period

=51
=4

(M1)
(A1)
(AG)
(M1)

(A1)
2

3


EITHER A sin 2 + B = 3 and A sin 2 + B = 1
(M1) (M1)
A + B = 3, A + B = 1 (A1)(A1)
A = 2, B = 1
(AG)(A1)
OR Amplitude = A
(M1)
3 ( 1) 4
=
2
2
A=
(M1)
A=2
(AG)
Midpoint value = B
(M1)
3 + ( 1) 2
=
2
2
B=
(M1)
B=1
(A1)
5
Note: As the values of A = 2 and B = 1 are likely to be quite obvious to a
bright student, do not insist on too detailed a proof.

x
f (x) = 2 sin 2 + 1

2 cos x
2
2 + 0
f (x) =

(M1)(A2)

x
Note: Award (M1) for the chain rule, (A1) for 2 , (A1) for 2 cos 2 .

x
= cos 2

(A1)

Notes: Since the result is given, make sure that reasoning is valid. In
particular, the final (A1) is for simplifying the result of the chain rule
calculation. If the preceding steps are not valid, this final mark should not
be given. Beware of fudged results.

(e)

(i)

x
y = k x is a tangent = cos 2

x
1 = cos 2

2 x = or 3 or ...
x = 2 or 6 ...

(M1)

(A1)

(A1)
11

Since 0 x 5, we take x = 2, so the point is (2, 1)

(ii)

(f)

(A1)

Tangent line is: y = (x 2) + 1 (M1)

y = (2 + 1) x
k = 2 + 1
(A1)

f (x) = 2 2 sin 2

x
+1=2
1
x =
sin 2 2

5 13
x = or or
6
6
6
2
1 5 13
or or
3
x= 3 3

(A1)
(A1)

(A1)(A1)(A1)

5
[24]

12.

dy 1
=
(a) y = ln x dx x
dy 1
=
when x = e, dx e
1

tangent line: y = e (x e) + 1
1
x
y = e (x) 1 + 1 = e
0
x = 0 y = e = 0
(0, 0) is on line

(A1)

(M1)
(A1)
(M1)
(AG)

(b)

(c)

1
d

dx (x ln x x) = (1) ln x + x x 1 = ln x
(M1)(A1)(AG)
Note: Award (M1) for applying the product rule, and (A1) for (1) ln x +
1

x x.
Area = area of triangle area under curve
e
1

e 1 ln xdx
1
= 2

(M1)

=
=
=
=

(A1)

e
[ x ln x x]1e
2
e
2 {(e ln e 1 ln1) (e 1)}
e
2 {e 0 e + 1}
1
2 e 1. (AG)

(A1)
(A1)

4
[10]

13.

(a)

y = x(x 4)

(i)

y = 0 x = 0 or x = 4

(A1)

dy
dx = 1(x 4)2 + x 2(x 4) = (x 4)(x 4 + 2x)
= (x 4)(3x 4)
(A1)
dy
4
dx = 0 x = 4 or x = 3
dy

x =1
= ( 3)(1) = 3 > 0
4
dx

dy
3
x =2
= (2)(2) = 4 < 0

dx

is a maximum

(A1)

(ii)

(R1)

Note: A second derivative test may be used.

2

4 4
4 8
4 64 256

4
4 =
=
=
3 3
3 9
27

x = 3 y = 3 3
4 256
,

3 27
(A1)

4 256
,

Note: Proving that 3 27 is a maximum is not necessary to receive

full credit of [4 marks] for this part.

(iii)

d2 y d
d
= ( ( x 4)(3 x 4) ) =
2
d
x
d
x (3x2 16x + 16) = 6x 16
dx

(A1)
13

d2 y
dx 2 = 0 6x 16 = 0
8
x = 3
(A1)

(M1)

88
8 4
8 16 128

8
4 =
= =
3
3
3
3
3 9
27

x = 3 y =

8 128
,

3 27

(b)

(A1)
Note: GDC use is likely to give the answer (1.33, 9.48). If this answer is
given with no explanation, award (A2), If the answer is given with the
explanation used GDC or equivalent, award full credit.

y
1

a x

t .

t .

i n

f l e x

i o

1
x i n

2
3
t e r c e p

4
t s

(A3)

Note: Award (A1) for intercepts, (A1) for maximum and (A1) for point of
inflexion.
(c)

(i)
(ii)

See diagram above

(A1)

0 < y < 10 for 0 x 4

So

0dx <

ydx <

10dx 0 <

(R1)

ydx < 40

(R1) 3
[15]

14.

(a) (i)
t = 0 s = 800
t = 5 s = 800 + 500 100 = 1200
distance in first 5 seconds = 1200 800
= 400 m
(A1)

(ii)

(M1)
2

ds
v = dt = 100 8t (A1)

At t = 5, velocity = 100 40 (M1)

1
= 60 m s
(A1)

(iii)

Velocity = 36 m s 100 8t = 36

(M1)

t = 8 seconds after touchdown.

(iv)

(b)

(A1)

When t = 8, s = 800 + 100(8) 4(8)

= 800 + 800 256
= 1344 m
(A1)

(M1)
(A1)
3

If it touches down at P, it has 2000 1344 = 656 m to stop.

To come to rest, 100 8t = 0 t = 12.5 s
Distance covered in 12.5 s = 100(12.5) 4(12.5)
= 1250 625
= 625
(A1)
Since 625 < 656, it can stop safely.
(R1)

(M1)
(M1)
(M1)
5
[15]

15

15.

y = sin x x

(a)

y
3
2

( 1

. 2

3
2

. 3

. 2

( 2

. 7

. 3

, 2 1

. 7

(A5)

Notes: Award (A1) for appropriate scales marked on the axes.

Award (A1) for the x-intercepts at ( 2.3, 0).
Award (A1) for the maximum and minimum points at ( 1.25, 1.73).
Award (A1) for the end points at ( 3, 2.55).
Award (A1) for a smooth curve.
Allow some flexibility, especially in the middle three marks here.
(b)

x = 2.31

(c)

(A1)

( sin x x )dx = cos x

x2
+C
2

(A1)(A1)

Note: Do not penalize for the absence of C.

1

( sin x x)dx
Required area =
0

= 0.944
OR

(M1)

(G1)

area = 0.944

(G2)

4
[10]

(a)

16.
(b)

(c)

From graph, period = 2

Range = {y | 0.4 < y < 0.4}

(A1)

(A1)

d
2
(i)
f (x) = dx {cos x (sin x) }
2
3
= cos x (2 sin x cos x) sin x (sin x) or 3 sin x + 2 sin x
(M1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for using the product rule and (A1) for each part.

(ii)

f (x) = 0
(M1)
2
sin x{2 cos x sin x} = 0 or sin x{3 cos x 1} = 0
2
3 cos x 1 = 0
1

cos x = 3 (A1)
At A, f (x) > 0, hence cos x =

(iii)

1

3

(A1)

(R1)(AG)

1 1
1
3 3

f (x) =

(M1)

2 1
2

=
3
3
9
3
=

(d)

x= 2

(e)

(A1)

Area =

(cos x)(sin x)

(i)

(ii)

(A1) 9

/2

1
dx = sin 3 x + c
3

(cosx)(sin x) 2 dx = sin (sin 0) 3

3
2

1
= 3
(f)

(M1)(A1)

At C f (x) = 0
3
9 cos x 7 cos x = 0
2
cos x(9 cos x 7) = 0

7
x = 2 (reject) or x = arccos 3 = 0.491 (3 sf)

(M1)

(A1)

4
(M1)
(M1)
(A1)(A1)

4
[20]

17

17.

(a)
y

A1A1A1
Award A1 for the left branch asymptotic
to the x-axis and crossing the y-axis,
A1 for the right branch approximately
the correct shape,
A1 for a vertical asymptote at
1
approximately x = 2 .

x=

(i)

Note:

(b)

1
2 (must be an equation)

N3

A1

N1
2

(ii)

(iii)

Valid reason

f ( x) dx

A1

N1

R1

N1

eg reference to area undefined or discontinuity

Note:
GDC reason not acceptable.

(c)

V=

1.5

(i)

f ( x ) 2 dx

A2

N2
(ii)

(d)

(accept 33.3 )
N2

V = 105

f (x) = 2e

(e)

2x 1

10(2x 1)

(i)
(ii)

A1A1A1A1

x = 1.11
N1

p = 0, q = 7.49

A2

(accept (1.11, 7.49))

N4
A1

(accept 0 k < 7.49)

N2

A1A1
[17]

18.

(a)

evidence of factorizing 3/division by 3

eg

3 f ( x ) dx = 3

12
f ( x ) dx , 3 ,
5

53f

A1

( x ) dx
3

(do not accept 4 as this is show that)

evidence of stating that reversing the limits changes the sign
1

A1

f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
eg
5

f ( x ) dx = 4
5

(b)

AG

N0

evidence of correctly combining the integrals (seen anywhere)

2

eg I =

1 ( x + f ( x ) ) dx + 2 ( x + f ( x ) ) dx = 1 ( x + f ( x ) ) dx

evidence of correctly splitting the integrals (seen anywhere)

eg I =

xdx =

xdx +

x2
2

(A1)

f ( x ) dx
1

(seen anywhere)

A1

x2
25 1 24

xdx = = = ,12
2 2 2

2 1

I = 16

(A1)

A1

A1
N3
[7]

19