G

e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Basic principles of modular coordination,
Unted States.
Washngton |1953|
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031946927
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://w w w .hathi tr u s t.o r g /ac c es s _ u s e# pd- g o o g le
Ths work s n the Pubc Doman, meanng
that t s not sub|ect to copyrght. Users are
free to copy, use, and redstrbute the work
n part or n whoe. It s possbe that hers
or the estate of the authors of ndvdua portons
of the work, such as ustratons, assert copyrghts
over these portons. Dependng on the nature
of subsequent use that s made, addtona
rghts may need to be obtaned ndependenty
of anythng we can address. The dgta mages
and 0CP of ths work were produced by Googe,
Inc. (ndcated by a watermark on each page
n the PageTurner). Googe requests that
the mages and 0CP not be re-hosted, redstrbuted
or used commercay. The mages are provded
for educatona, schoary, non-commerca
purposes.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
F0P W0PD
Ths pubcaton has been prepared to provde suppementa ecture notes for a
seres of antern sdes prepared for use n courses n draftng and constructon at archtec-
tura and engneerng coeges. It may serve as a te tbook for students, as we as a gude
for archtectura and engneerng draftsmen n appyng the prncpes of moduar coord-
naton to workng drawngs.
Peproductons of the antern sdes are utzed as ustratons. The sdes and
te t are based on crtera and standards ncuded n the Amercan Standards Assocaton
A62 Gude for Moduar Coordnaton.
For sae by the Superntendent of Document , U. S. GoTernment Prntng 0ffce, Washngton 25, D. C. Prce 25 cent
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
u .
A modue s a unt of measurement. It may be any number of
nches or feet. The unt of measure, or modue, wth whch we are
ubrary concerned s 4 . It may be apped to wdth, depth, or heght of any
matera. The 4 cube shown opposte s then one modue wde, one
modue deep, and one modue hgh.
The 4 modue was chosen for use n the Unted States on the bass
of consderabe research. Study commttees representng many
branches of the budng ndustry proposed the 4 modue as a con-
venent bass for standardzaton of budng products because:
1. The szes of many e stng budng materas are based on the
4 modue.
2. The 4 modue s arge enough for manufacturers to turn out a
reduced number of stock szes and st satsfy consumer demand.
3. It s sma enough to aow ampe freedom and fe bty n
archtectura desgn and equpment ayout.
4. It s a unt of measurement wth whch archtects, buders,
masons, and carpenters are aready famar.
The 4 modue seected appro mates 10 centmeters (3.937 nches),
the moduar unt measurement proposed by metrc system countres
workng on the same probem.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Fred eath, an engneer wth wde e perence n the use of masonry
products, n 1925 frst aunched the dea of coordnatng budng
materas through the use of the 4 grd.
ater on, Abert F. Bems, a manufacturer who made the study of
housng hs hobby, wrote a three-voume work entted The vovng
ouse. The thrd voume, Patona Desgn, was pubshed n 1936 and
broadened the bass of the moduar concept by ntroducton of the 4
cube. Accordng to hs theory, any budng can be made up of a
seres of cubes whch are mutpes of the basc 4 cube, and no waste
w resut f the materas for the constructon of the budngs are
standardzed on the bass of the 4 mutpe and f archtects pans
are dmensoned to correspond wth ths standardzaton.
The pate opposte shows a moduar voume made up of smaer
moduar voumes of whch the smaest s a 4 cube. o attempt s
made n ths drawng to ndcate specfc materas.
The Amercan Standards Assocaton n 1939 pcked up where
Mr. Bems eft off and organzed ASA Pro|ect A62 for the Coordnaton
of Dmensons of Budng Materas and qupment. Ths pro|ect
was sponsored |onty by the Amercan Insttute of Archtects and the
Producers Counc, Inc. the atona Assocaton of ome Buders
has subsequenty become a co-sponsor. Secretara and technca
work necessary n the deveopment of ASA Moduar Standards was
provded by the Moduar Servce Assocaton, a nonproft organzaton
fnanced argey by the hers of Mr. Bems.
The resuts of ths pro|ect were pubshed n 1946 by the Moduar
Servce Assocaton n a book, A62 Gude for Moduar Coordnaton, by
Myron A. Adams and Prentce Bradey of the Assocaton. Ths
gude, prepared to assst archtects and engneers n appyng moduar
coordnaton to budng pans and detas, and to assst producers of
budng materas and equpment n the producton of moduar
products, has formed the bass upon whch the matera for ths pub-
caton was deveoped.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Most budng materas, when |oned together, requre a certan
overap or |ont thckness. Manufacturers, therefore, make ther
products arger or smaer than e act 4 mutpes by the amount of
the |ont requred for assemby. Ths way the controng nomna
dmensons of a budng w stay wthn mutpes of 4 .
The actua dmensons of a matera may dffer from the dmensons
specfed by sma amounts one way or the other (pus or mnus) due
to sght mperfectons unavodabe n the manufacturng process.
These dfferences are aso caed toerances, and ther ma mum
mts are we defned n standards estabshed by the Amercan Stand-
ards Assocaton and other technca organzatons.
Permssbe varatons n the dmensons of brcks vary accordng
to the |ont thckness used. onts between concrete masonry unts
have been standardzed to and the permssbe varaton n the
dmensons of the unt tsef are mted to pus or mnus.
For a practca purposes, actua dmensons are so cose to the
specfed dmensons that n most cases the dfference s gnored. The
archtect, therefore, works ony wth nomna and specfed dmensons
and w use nomna dmensons n the preparaton of sma-scae
workng drawngs wherever possbe.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Structura brck s produced n severa moduar szes, three of whch
are shown on the opposte page.
At the top: The nomna 4 2 brck s a suppementary sze
ony and may not be ready avaabe n a areas. It s shown here to
emphasze the fe bty of the unt prncpe 2 beng one-haf unt.
In the center: The nomna 4 2 brck ays 3 brcks to 2
modues ( ) n heght. Ths moduar sze cones cosest to the d-
mensons of the customary nonmoduar brck sze, and can therefore
be successfuy used not ony n new work but aso for addtons to or
repar of e stng structures.
At the bottom: A nomna 4 4 brck, s one modue hgh,
one modue wde, and two modues ong. Ths brck fufs dea
moduar prncpes n every respect and nvoves no fractons. It s,
therefore, easy to work wth n the preparaton of detas of wa ayouts
and openngs. Ths moduar sze s aready wdey used n severa
States. Moduar brcks are aso produced n a nomna 4 4 12
sze.
The drawng at the ower eft shows how moduar brck can be ad
from corner to wndow |amb wth a mnmum of cuttng. Instaaton
of moduar-szed wndows w permt the ayng of brck wthout
cuttng aong the entre wa e cept for a haf-brck at the wndow
|amb n aternate brck courses.
A new SCP Brck, deveoped by the Structura Cay Products
Pesearch Foundaton, s aso produced n a moduar sze. The nom-
na sze of ths brck s 6 2 12 . ote that the 6 wdth s
one and one-haf modues. Its specfed wdth s 5 . Ths brck
has been deveoped to reduce wa thcknesses from to 6 where
codes permt.
Few manufacturers produce a the szes shown. Archtects shoud,
therefore, check whch szes are avaabe n ther areas.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
The fve eevatons of portons of was shown opposte permt a com-
parson of the scae and the vsua effect of varous moduar brcks.
The appearance of was but wth the nomna 4 21 e
brck s the same as that of was but wth the customary nonmoduar
brck. When ad n haf-bond as shown, ths brck automatcay
provdes 4 fe bty, horzontay, so that no cuttng or suppementary
engths are requred n stretcher courses e cept n aternate courses at
wndow |ambs. The header course n common bond st requres
the use of stretchers at the corners and |ambs. ertcay, a 4
suppementary heght s needed to meet dmensons equa to an
mutpe pus 4 , such as n foor heghts. The use of a rowock course
of brck w meet ths requrement.
The nomna 4 4 brck, athough more squarsh n
appearance n the wa than the above brck, provdes compete 4
fe bty both horzontay and vertcay.
Where there are arge pan surfaces of brckwork unnterrupted
by openngs, the nomna 4 4 12 brck gves somewhat smar
proportona effects as the nomna 4 21M6 brck and requres
ess brck to be handed. It s obvous that arger brck szes nvove
fewer brcks and ess |onts, and are, therefore, more economca.
Brcks 12 ong may be ad n the usua haf-bond or n the thrd-
bond as shown. The atter bond s more economca snce ony two
suppementary 4 and engths are needed to meet 4 fe bty,
horzontay. ertca fe bty s the same as that for the brck
above.
omna 12 ength brck s aso beng produced n the three
courses to heght, caed orman brck and n the two courses to
4 heght caed Poman brck shown n the drawng. Ths moduar
sze brck s aso preferred by some archtects to the arger brck,
partcuary n resdenta work or n speca ndustra or commerca
desgn.
The fna choce of the partcuar brck sze for a structure depends
on the appearance desred, economy of constructon, dstrbuton and
detang of openngs, and brck szes avaabe on the oca market.
10
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Ths pate shows the nomna 4 21 s brck wth cay te
backup and header course every s th course. Backup tes are aso
produced for other moduar brck szes. They have ong been ava-
abe for smar constructon. The ony new prncpe n ths case s the
coordnaton of unts wth each other by usng the 4 grd. Coordna-
ton wth moduar wndows, grs, gass bock, and other moduar ma-
teras s kewse attaned.
As n a moduar work, dmensonng the ayout becomes a matter
of addng mutpes of 4 . Fractona dmensons need ony appear on
deta drawngs.
The surface showng grdnes on a vertca pane s used here as a
convenent way to demonstrate coordnaton n heght. The masonry
wa shown does not represent a corner or end condton but shoud be
thought of as contnung beyond ths vertca pane surface. It becomes
apparent that, wth the use of ths brck, 3 brck courses coordnate
wth one te course, 2 modues (. e. ) hgh.
The crced area cas attenton to the mortar |ont, whch s omt-
ted n the rest of the drawng for the sake of carty.
12
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Concrete masonry unts are now wdey produced throughout the
country n moduar szes. The unts are produced n szes and shapes
to ft dfferent constructon needs, such as backup for brck or other
facngs, for e teror was, and nteror parttons. They ncude stretch-
er, corner, doube corner or per, |amb, header, bu nose, and parttton
unts. Most of these shapes are usuay made n both fu- and haf-
ength unts and n many areas, nomna haf-heght unts are avaabe.
Concrete masonry unt szes are usuay referred to by ther nom-
na dmensons. Thus, the bock ustrated n the ower rght and eft
corners of the facng page s a nomna 16 unt. Ths
sze bock s one of the most commony used szes n the country today.
Aowng for the standard mortar |ont thckness, ts specfed d-
mensons are, therefore, 1 wde, 1 hgh, and 15 ong.
The haf-heght unt shown n the upper rght corner s referred to
as a nomna 4 16 unt and has a specfed heght of 3 .
Ths s a suppementary sze unt.
Was made of concrete masonry unts can be but wthout cuttng
a snge bock, f wa engths and heghts are ad out on the bass of
mutpes, and f moduar door and wndow masonry unts are provded
for the openngs.
Moduar concrete masonry unts, ke moduar brck, coordnate
wth a other moduar products on the bass of the 4 mutpe.
14
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Ths pate ustrates coordnaton of brck and concrete masonry
unts. In ths e ampe, a nomna 4 4 brck s used together
wth the standard nomna 16 bock sze. Bond at header
courses s usuay acheved through the use of 4 4 brck
backup.
The surface showng grdnes 4 apart on a vertca pane s used
here agan to demonstrate coordnaton vertcay. The masonry wa
shown s not ntended to termnate at ths grd-pane but shoud be
thought of as contnung beyond t.
Ths s, of course, not the ony way to coordnate brck wth concrete
masonry unts. There are other unts made for backup condtons.
Another backup sze used n thck was s the nomna 4 16
bock.
Agan, the crced area cas attenton to the mortar |ont, whch
s omtted n the rest of the drawng for the sake of carty.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Ths pate shows how the grd provdes a framework for fttng
together materas requrng |onts of dfferent thcknesses. In a
combnatons, coordnated masonry unts ft together accordng to
ther nomna szes. The nomna faces of the unts retan ther
correct grd postons as shown. The thckness of mortar |ont between
dssmar unts equas the average of the |ont thcknesses used wth
each.
Budng brck, facng brck, cay te backup, concrete masonry
unts, etc., empoy comparatvey arge |onts. Fnshed gazed ma-
teras use somewhat smaer |onts. Ceramc te, structura gass,
and smar materas use ncreasngy smaer |onts.
The |ont thcknesses specfed are those recommended by the
Amercan Standards Assocaton and manufacturers. Actua |ont
thcknesses may vary from these due to permssbe toerances n the
manufacture of the matera. owever, no matter how arge or sma
the |ont may be, matera sze pus |ont s aways a mutpe of the
basc 4 modue.
1
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
These two drawngs demonstrate the mportance of the grd n
|onng dssmar materas. Two moduar s sectons are shown:
wood frame and masonry.
The masonry secton at the rght ncudes varous materas such
as poured concrete, concrete masonry unts, brck, and backup te.
For the best coordnaton of materas vertcay n masonry wa con-
structon, the poston of the grdne above the fnsh foor ne s
recommended. In the drawng, aowance s made for an asphat te
foor whch woud brng the top of the concrete sab to beow the
grdne. Ths sab poston aso works out we wth the te snce t
resuts n the standard |ont used for te backup.
The wood-frame secton at the eft shows coordnaton of a masonry
foundaton wth a wood-frame superstructure. Poured footngs do not
necessary have to be n mutpes of 4 (see secton at rght) e cept
where precut or prefabrcated forms are used. The e teror stud wa
s paced symmetrcay between grdnes. Interor dmensons w
thus be n mutpes of 4 . If dry wa fnshes are used, a mutpe of
4 s recommended n order to reduce waste n the use of 4 wde
waboards nstaed vertcay or horzontay. For the best coordna-
ton of materas vertcay n wood-frame constructon wth wood
foors, the poston of the grdne at the top of the subfoor s recom-
mended.
It shoud be understood that these and the foowng drawngs do
not show recommended constructon detas for fashng, waterproofng,
etc. These vary wth ndvdua cases. They merey demonstrate the
assemby of dssmar materas on the bass of the 4 grd.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
The moduar detas for frame wa corners determne the best grd
poston for studs that w mantan a unform nterstud space for nsu-
aton or a reguar spacng of nang grounds for waboards.
Ths pate shows the preferred ocaton of the frame wa paced
symmetrcay between grdnes. Indvdua studs are spaced 16 on
centers on grdnes e cept at corners. ere, one stud has been moved
sghty off center n order to aow for standard bockng. A
framng members used are nomna 2 4 . Ther specfed sze s
I 3 .
Wth the stud frame wa postoned as shown, the nsde nomna
dmensons of the budng are n mutpes of 4 . Ths factates the
use of stock sze moduar waboards wth a mnmum of cuttng and
fttng.
22
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
M0DU AP FPAMI G
C0P P D TAI
3/
h
Corner ewed
From 0utsde
Preferred ocaton of the Stud
Paced Symmetrcay on the Grd.
p r - y. p :.
- |r y . , ///.
Corner ewed
From Insde
23
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
The frame was pctured n ths pate demonstrate the smpcty
of assemby of some budng products szed n mutpes of 4 . The
basc modue ends tsef to the use of arger desgn modues whch
may be any mutpe of 4 . The upper drawng shows a combnaton
of two modues, a 16 modue, for the stud spacng, and a 3 tmes 16
modue, . e. 4 , for the nteror fnsh. Snce most waboards are
n 4 wdths, the use of the 4 modue w mnmze the waste of
waboard.
The ower drawng shows the appcaton of pasterboard ath
and banket-type nsuaton. Both materas, manufactured for frame
constructon wth stud spacng of 16 or 24 on centers, are moduar.
The wdth of the nsuaton banket s made to ft between the studs.
0n both drawngs t can be seen that the 4 modue works out
convenenty wth wndow openngs. Framng s smpfed and a
snge stud s used between openngs.
Ths s ony one of many possbe e ampes demonstratng how
coordnaton of structure wth budng materas and components
w contrbute to ower-cost constructon.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
Ths pate shows coordnaton of wndow openngs wth the frame
wa n greater deta. Framng and e teror eevaton are shown at
the eft. Sectons at the rght show head, |amb, muon, and s detas
for a moduar wndow.
o unusua appcaton methods are encountered. The wndow
frame s nstaed n the usua manner ether from the outsde or nsde.
Wndows can be repeated wthout nterrupton of the moduar stud
postonng. The modue for the wndow openng, as shown n ths
e ampe, s two stud spaces at 16 on center, or 2 . The openngs
are spanned by the usua ntes. owever, nstead of the conventona
doubng of studs at wndow |ambs, the nte s e tended to the ne t
stud n ts reguar poston, thereby usng a mnmum number of
studs for framng.
The sash wdth s 2 4 , aowng 2 on ether sde between the
grdnes for nstaaton of the wndow frame. Wth the frame |amb
members thck, ths moduar deta gves a t cearance on each
sde between the |amb member and the stud. Ths cearance aows
for easy nstaaton and eveng of the frame nto the moduar openng.
The e ampe shown s for a patent baance type of sash. For
weght-hung sash, the sash wdth woud have to be decreased to 2
n ths partcuar desgn. ote that dmensons at grdnes are shown
by arrows, dmensons not at grdnes are shown by dots. Ths s the
accepted conventon for moduar drawngs and shoud aways be used,
even when dmensonng sma-scae pans, eevatons, and sectons,
where the grdnes are not ndcated.
I
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
To summarze the advantages of moduar coordnaton:
1. It provdes a ratona bass for the standardzaton of budng
materas szes on a natona rather than a regona or oca bass. In
the coordnaton of szes of budng materas, the grd provdes a gude
to the manufacturers n determnng the szes of ther products. Man-
ufacturers are abe to reduce the number of stock szes resutng from
ths standardzaton and nterchangeabty of budng products and
st satsfy consumer demand for fe bty.
2. It contrbutes n smpfyng archtectura desgn and construc-
ton. perence has aready ndcated that practca appcatons n
the use of the grd as an nstrument of correaton n the preparaton of
archtectura drawngs have resuted n economes and smpfcaton of
procedures n the archtect s offce. The archtect, when famar wth
moduar coordnaton, spends ess tme on draftng and can devote
more tme to mproved desgn and other mportant servces. Moreover,
the competeness of hs drawngs and deta not ony resuts n better
constructon but t means coser bds and ower costs. The contracto
aso gans by easer and qucker estmatng.
3. It reduces cuttng and fttng tme and waste of materas
Budng materas coordnated n 4 mutpes can be assembe
nto a budng wth a mnmum of cuttng and waste, provded th
foor pans and eevatons of the budng are ad out n mutpes o
4 .
4. It ncreases productvty of abor. To the contractor, t me
more effcent methods on the |ob and ess constructon tme, wth con
sequent ower costs. Addng up the advantages and savngs thu
acheved, t becomes evdent that moduar coordnaton heps to gv
the owner a better budng at ower cost.
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

3..

te
r,
1
1
M0DU AP C00PDI ATI0
1 STA DAPDI S SI S of BUI DI G MAT PIA S
2 SIMP IFI S APC IT CTUPA D SIG and C0 STPUCTI0
3 P DUC S CUTTI G and FITTI G TIM and WAST of MAT PIA
4 I CP AS S PP0DUCTI IT of AB0P
P DUC S BUI DI G C0STS
. . onaam ftm offc m
29
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
9319
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g

e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

F
r
e
d
e
r

c

B
e

o
u
m

(
A
r

z
o
n
a

S
t
a
t
e

U
n

v
e
r
s

t
y
)

o
n

2
0
1
2
-
0
4
-
2
4

2
1
:
1
5

G
M
T


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
h
d

.
h
a
n
d

e
.
n
e
t
/
2
0
2
7
/
m
d
p
.
3
9
0
1
5
0
3
1
9
4
6
9
2
7
P
u
b

c

D
o
m
a

n
,

G
o
o
g

e
-
d

z
e
d


/


h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
h
a
t
h

t
r
u
s
t
.
o
r
g
/
a
c
c
e
s
s
_
u
s
e
#
p
d
-
g
o
o
g