EE351

SolutionofHW6
Problem 9

a.

Water velocity

b.

Pw

length of penstock 3
1.5 m/s
travel time
2

1
1
A * * v 3 * 0.5 2 *1000 *1.53 1.325 kW
2
2

Pout Pw * C p * generator 1.325 * 0.5 * 0.9 596.25 W

c.

Energy generated in one year =

596.25 * 24 * 365 5,223 kWh

Annual income = 5223 * 0.2 $1,044.6

Payback period = 20,000 / 1,044.6 19.14 years
d.

No, payback period is too long even though maintenance cost is excluded.

Problem 10

PE r Vol * * g * H 10 *10 9 *1000 * 9.81*120 1.177 *10 7 GJoules

Problem 11

vol A v t
vol
Av
t
500 32 v
v 17.68 m/s

Pw 0.5 A v 3
Pw 0.5 * ( 32 ) *1000 *17.683 78.146 MW
Problem 12

KE
v2

PE 2 g H

v 2 g H p 2 * 9.8* 60 * 0.9 32.53 m/s

Pw 0.5* A* * v 3 0.5* ( 22 )* 1000* 32.533 216.29 MW
f

2 * Pw 2 * 216.29 * 106

408.78* 103 kg/s

2
2
32.53
v

Problem 13

a.

Vol m / t 10 5

3 100 m3/s
t
10

b.

Input power to the penstock =

Output power of penstock

c.

Pin

PE m
g H 10 5 * 9.81* 80 78.48 MW
t
t

Pw p Pin 0.85 * 78.48 66.7 MW

Pw 0.5 f v 2 0.5

m 2
v 0.5 *10 5 v 2
t

66.7 *10 6
36.52 m/s
0.5 *10 5

d.

The generator power Pg

Pg Pw * C p * g
Pg 66.7 * 0.5 * 0.92 30.68 MW
e.

Overall efficiency total

p C p g 0.85 * 0.5 * 0.92 39.1%

Problem 14
Natural gas has a thermal energy constant of 48,000 BTU/kg
The condenser extracts 18,000 BTU/kg
The mechanical energy of the turbine is

W Q1 Q2 48,000 18,000 30 ,000 BTU/kg

The ideal efficiency of the thermal turbine ideal is

ideal

Ouput mechanical Energy W 30,000

62.5%
Input thermal Energy
Q1 48,000

Problem 15
Oil has a thermal energy constant of 45,000 BTU/kg
The condenser extracts 18,000 BTU/kg
The mechanical energy of the turbine is

W Q1 Q2 45,000 18,000 27 ,000 BTU/kg

The ideal efficiency of the thermal turbine ideal is

ideal

Ouput mechanical Energy W 27 ,000

60%
Input thermal Energy
Q1 45,000

Problem 23
1 kg of uranium-235 has 25.4*1023 fission events
1 J requires 31 109 fission events
The energy per 10 kg =10* 25.4*1023/31*109 = 8.19 1014 J = 227.5 GWh