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Huong Dan Do An Mon Hoc - Truyen Nhiet
Huong Dan Do An Mon Hoc - Truyen Nhiet
Du th
40 000
25
0,897
izen
15 000
280
150
0,806
6,2
3,8
1,4
0,5
0,4
0,3
1,10
0,81
0,45
0,26
0,21
0,15
T22
(1)
Trong :
4/26/2012
G 2 = 40000 kg/gi
4/26/2012
thng c li ch kinh t cao hn. Trong trng hp ny, ta cng chn thit b
trao i nhit c 2 dng cht ti nhit chuyn ng ngc chiu.
5
5
3
T
m
in
T
m
a
x
G
a
s
o
il
3
5
9
4
2
3
2
9
8
D
uth
Nh vy ta c:
Ttb =
196 125
= 157,16 K
196
2,3 lg
125
Ttb = 157,16 K
1
1 t
1
+
+
1 t 2
[ W/m K ]
2
4/26/2012
1
1 t 1 2
1
+
+
+
+
1 t 1 2 2
K=
[ W/m K ]
2
1
1 t
1 F
+ + ' 1
1 t 2 F2
[ W/m K ]
2
1
1 t 1 2
1 F
+
+
+
+ ' 1
1 t 1 2 2 F2
[ W/m K ]
2
ng nh [ W / m 2 K ].
2 l h s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca ng nh n cht ti nhit chy gia
2 ng [ W / m 2 K ].
t , 1 , 2 ln lt l chiu dy ca ng nh, ca lp bn bm trn b mt trong
v ngoi ca ng nh [ m ]
t , 1 , 2 ln lt l h s dn nhit ng nh, ca lp bn bm trn b mt
trong v ngoi ca ng nh [ W / mK ]
F1 , F2 ln lt l din tch ton b b mt trong v b mt ngoi ca ng nh (c
gn).
Trn thc t, phi tnh ton thit b trao i nhit m bo yu cu vn hnh
trong mi iu kin nn thng s dng cng thc 4 v 6 tnh ton h s
truyn nhit. y l cc cng thc xc nh h s truyn nhit khi b mt b
bm bn, h s truyn nhit gim i.
a) Tm F1 v F2
4/26/2012
cng thc 7.
F=
Q
Kt tb
1408,4.10 3
F=
= 29,87 30 m 2
300.157,16
4/26/2012
0, 25
0, 45
0,1346
(1 0,00047 .Ttb1 ) vi d 288
277 = 0,809
d 288
277
1 =
0,1346
(1 0,00047 .488) = 0,129 [W/mK]
0,809
1 = 0,129 [W/mK]
1d t
1
4/26/2012
1 =
Coi t khi bng trng lng ring nn: tb1 = 664 kg/m3
f1 l tit din ct ngang ca cc ng trong 1 hnh trnh.
f1 =
Do vy:
1 =
15000
= 0,713 m/s
3600.664.0,0088
1 = 0,713 m/s
4/26/2012
nht
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
100
200
300
400
Nhit
1
T 273
= n lg 2
2
T1 273
0,45
523 273
= n lg
n = 0,8317
0,21
373 273
0,45
488 273
= 0,238 0,24
= 0,8317 lg
373 273
0,713.0,04
= 118833,33 > 10000
0,24.10 6
4/26/2012
Re1 = 118833,33
C.
Pr1 = 3,323
C1 =
288
277
( 0,762 + 0,0034.Ttb1 ) =
1
( 0,762 + 0,0034.488) [kJ/kg.K]
0,809
Tnh 1 :
p dng cng thc 8, ta c:
1 = 0,021
0,129
118833,330,83,323 0, 43 = 1303 W/m2K
0,04
1 = 1303 W/m2K
0,1346
(1 0,00047 .Ttb 2 )
d 288
277
2 =
0,1346
(1 0,00047 .328,5) = 0,126 W/mK
0,900
4/26/2012
2 = 0,126 W/mK
293
Trong : d 288
277 = d 277 0,000725 ( 288 293 ) = 0,897 0,000725 ( 288 293)
d 288
277 = 0,900
2 D tb
2
Vi 2 l vn tc dng du th chy trong tit din hnh vnh khn gia 2 ng,
[m/s]
2 l nht ca du th nhit trung bnh. [m2/s]
D tb l ng knh tng ng ca hnh vnh khn, [m].
+ Vn tc dng du th
2 =
G2
3600. tb 2 f 2
Trong :
tb 2 l khi lng ring ca du th nhit trung bnh Ttb 2
,5
293
d 328
277 = d 277 0,000725 ( 328,5 293) = 0,897 0,000725 ( 328,5 293)
,5
d 328
277 = 0,871
3,14
2
(0,079 2 0,0482 ) = 0,022 m2
Dt d n2 = 7.
4
4
Do vy
2 =
40000
= 0,58 m/s
3600.871.0,022
4/26/2012
10
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Nhit
T hnh 5, ta xc nh c 2 = 2,7
2 = 2,7.10 6 m2/s
3,8
373 273
= n lg
n = 1,08975
1,4
313 273
3,8
373 273
= 1,08975 lg
= 0,266 0,27
328,5 273
Vy:
2 = 2,7.10 6 m2/s
0,58.0,031
= 6659,3
2,7.10 6
Re 2 = 6659,3
4/26/2012
11
0 , 43 Pr
2 = k 0 1 2 Pr2 2
Dt
Prt 2
0 , 25
ng (l/d)
Vi Re 2 = 6659,3 th k 0 = 22 [7 S tay T2]
Vi thit b trao i nhit loi ng lng ng chn, chiu di ng thng l
l=6,5 m. Nh vy t s l/d >50. Do vy 1 = 1
- Tnh chun s Prandt
Theo cng thc 12 ta c:
Pr2 =
2 C 2 2
2
1
d
( 0,762 + 0,0034.Ttb1 ) =
288
277
1
( 0,762 + 0,0034.328,5) = 1,98 kJ/kgK
0,900
Do vy:
Pr2 =
Pr2 = 37
0,126 0, 43
37 = 422,43 W/m2K
0,031
2 = 422,43
W/m2K
Nu s dng cng thc 8 th:
2 = 0,021
0,126
( 6659,3) 0,8 ( 37 ) 0, 43 = 461,63 W/m2K
0,031
4/26/2012
12
2 t
. t
d
n
3,14.0,048
= 0,0075 m
20
3,14.0,048
= 0,0063 m
24
Tm : t = 2 = 422,43 W/m2K
=0,001 m
2.422,43
= 127,83
0,001.51,7
4/26/2012
13
Do vy m.h = 1,66
Tra bng trang 450 [16] ta tm c = 0,57 . Cng c th tnh theo cng
thc:
T cng thc 14:
ng 20 gn:
2.0,013.0,57 0,001
2h
2 ' = 2 1 +
= 422,431 +
S
0,0075
2 ' = 1200,83
W/m2K
ng 24 gn:
2.0,013.0,57 0,001
2 ' = 422,431 +
0,0063
4/26/2012
14
1 =1303W/m 2 K
2
2 =422,43W/m K
2
( 20 gn ) kch
( thuoc gn cho o phan trn )
1 =1303W/m Kng
=422,43W/m 2 K
{ F1 = 30m 2
2
F = 129m2 (ng 20 gn) du th = 0, 00053m K / W
2
2
F2 = 150m 2 (ng 24 gn)
t = 0,004 m (d
y 4 mm)
t = 51,7 W /mK (th
p cacbon, T = 328,5K)
2
1 =1303W /m
K
2
2 =422,43W /m
K
2
1 =1303W /m
ng
o trn)
(K 20 gn) ( kch thuoc gn chophan
2
2 =422,43W /m K
{ F1 = 30 m2
2
du
th
= 0, 00053
m2 K
/W
2
F2 = 129 m (ng 20 gn)
2
24 gn)
F2 = 150m (ng
dau diedel 1 = 0, 00123
m2 K
/W
1
Theo cc cng thc (3) n (6) ta tnh c h s truyn nhit K ng vi cc
trng hp c th:
4/26/2012
15
1
= 311,32W / m 2 K
1
0, 004
1
+
+
1303 51, 7 422, 43
k'=
1
0, 004
1
+
+
+ 0, 00053 + 0, 00123
1303 51, 7 422, 43
= 201,12W / m 2 K
1
= 962,93W / m 2 K
1
0, 004
1
30
+
+
.
1303 51, 7 1200,83 129
- ng 24 gn:
k2 =
1
= 1006,97W / m2 K
1
0, 004
1
30
+
+
.
1303 51, 7 1349,1 150
1
1
0, 004
1
30
+
+ 0, 00123 +
.
1303 51, 7
1200,83 129
= 357,33W / m2 K
- ng 24 gn:
k '2 =
1
1
0, 004
1
30
+
+ 0, 00123 + 0, 00053 +
.
1303 51, 7
1349,10 150
= 363, 23W / m 2 K
Q ttb = 157,16 K
k ttb Q = 1408, 4.103 W
4/26/2012
16
Thit b trao i nhit phi m bo nhit lng trao i ngay c trong trng
hp ng trao i nhit b bn. Do vy phi s dng cc h s truyn nhit K
khi b mt ng b bn. Do din tch trao i nhit F ny l din tch trao i
nhit ti thiu cn phi c.
a, Khi ng khng c gn, b mt ng b bn
1408, 4.103
= 44,56m 2 F ' = 44,56m2
201,12.157,16
F'=
b, Khi ng c gn, b mt ng b bn
- ng c 20 gn
F1 ' =
1408, 4.103
= 25,1m2 F1 ' = 25,1m2
357,33.157,16
- ng c 24 gn
1408, 4.103
F1 ' =
= 24, 7 m 2 F2 ' = 24, 7m2
363, 23.157,16
F ' 44,56
=
= 1, 48
F
30
F1 ' 25,1
=
= 0,84
F
30
4/26/2012
17
F2 ' 24, 7
=
= 0,82
F
30
Vt liu
30 m2
89 5mm
48 4mm
25at
2 hnh trnh (ngn dc)
6500 mm
7635 mm
14 ng
723 K
20 (24) gn
0,001 m
0,013 m
4,3(5)
Thp cacbon
4/26/2012
18
thp
C3H8
2
C4H10
96
C5H12
2
2.
4/26/2012
19
3.
4.
Xc nh b mt trao i nhit: F ( m )
.]
5.
Tm s thit b trao i nhit hot ng tiu chun lp song song
hoc ni tip cn thit
4.3.1-Xc nh ti nhit Q:
Ti nhit Q c xc nh da vo phng trnh cn bng nng lng:
Q+Q =Q +Q =>A.H + Q = R.H + V.H
hay M .H + Q = M.H + M .H (1)
Q=Q-Q
Trong :
A, R, V l lu lng nguyn liu, lng lng, lng hi
H l entanpy ca nguyn liu lng nhit trc khi un (T) (cha
bit)
H l entanpy ca lng nhit sau khi un T (T =370K)
H l entanpy ca hi nhit sau khi un T
Ta mi bit A, T cn cc thng s khc cha bit:
M , M , M: lu lng cu t i trong
A, R, V(Kg/gi)
H: entanpy ca cu t i nhit T
(KJ/Kg)
H , H: entanpy ca cu t i th lng
v hi nhit T (KJ/Kg)
4.3.1.1- Tnh A, R, V, T hay M , M , M v T
4/26/2012
Tnh R, V: tnh R, V
20
CH
0.02
1.95
0.0333
0.039
CH
0.96
0.99
0.9543
0.9504
C5 H
0.02
0.46
0.0124
0.0096
Tng
1.00
1
0.9991
tnh A, v ta phi tnh c khi lng cc cu t trong R
Gi s kmol ca lng R trong hn hp A l n
n = , R=15000Kg/gi
M l phn t lng, c tnh theo cng thc:
M = x .M = 0.02*44+0.96*58+0.02*72=58
M l phn t lng ca cu t i
Do vy, n = =258.62069 kmol/gi
S mol cc cu t trong R (n ) v khi lng cc cu t trong R (M) l:
Vi n =n .x , M =M .n
n
4/26/2012
21
Gi s kmol hn hp u A l n ;s kmol hi v l n , ta c:
n = n . =862.06896 kmol/gi v n = n - n = 603.44827 kmol/gi
s mol cc cu t trong A (n ) v khi lng cc cu t trong A (M) l:
vi n =n * x v M = M * n
n =28.7069 kmol/gi v M = 1263.1036 kg/gi 1263.1 kg/gi
n =822.6724 kmol/gi v M =47714.9992 kg/gi 47715 kg/gi
n =10.6897 kmol/gi v M = 769.6555 kg/gi 769.65 kg/gi
khi ni ti un y
y =k * x (3) v y =1
Ta tnh c:
y =1.95*0.02=0.039
y =0.99*0.96=0.9504
y =0.46*0.02=0.0092
y =0.999 1
Do vy, s kmol cc cu t trong v (n ) v khi lng cc cu t trong v
( n)
Vi n = n *y v M =M *n
n =23.53448 kmol/gi v M =1035.5172 kg/gi 1035.52 kg/gi
n =573.51724 kmol/gi v M =33263.9997 kg/gi 33264 kg/gi
n =5.55172 kmol/gi v M =339.724 kg/gi
339.72 kg/gi
4/26/2012
22
R, 16.5at, 97 C
A, 16.5at, T
V, 16.5at, 97 C
CH
0.02
227.59
0.0333
1263.1
0.039
1035.52
CH
0.96
14400
0.9543
47715
0.9504
33264
C5 H
0.02
327.41
0.0124
769.65
0.0092
339.72
Tng 1
15000
1
49747.75 0.999
34639.24
Kim tra li: AR + V ( sai lch khong 0.2% khi lng)
Tnh T: Nhit hn hp ra khi y thp chng
ct trc khi vo ni ti un (A)
CH
P=16.5at, T=92 C
k
k .x
0.0333
1.8
0.05994
CH
0.9543
0.98
0.93521
C5 H
0.0124
0.4
0.00496
Tng
1.000111
4/26/2012
23
Hn hp u A
Lng R
Hi V
CH
1263.1
581.5
227.59
604.76
1035.52
837.36
CH
47715
534.98
14400
597.78
33264
790.84
CH
769.65
511.72
327.41
593.13
339.72
814.1
Tng
49747.75
15000
34639.24
4/26/2012
24
Do vy, ta c th thay vic tnh hng s nhit trung bnh bng vic
tnh chnh lch nhit gia hi nc bo ha vi nhit vo v ra ca cht
ti nhit lnh (cht lng cn un bay hi)
Theo yu cu, hn hp cht lng A cn gia nhit t nhit T = 365K
n T =370K
Theo bng tnh cht ca hi nc bo ha ( trang 375_s tay Tp 1)
ph thuc nhit :
Nu hi nc bo ha c p sut P=6.34at s c
nhit l T =433K v nhit ngng t l 2086.72 KJ/Kg=r
Nu hi nc bo ha c p sut P=8.08at s c
nhit l T =443K v nhit ngng t l 2053.665 KJ/Kg=r
4/26/2012
25
G = =4967.3 Kg/Gi
4.3.3- Xc nh h s truyn nhit K (kJ/m .gi.K, kJ/m .gi.C hay w/m.K)
Ni ti un c coi l thit b trao i nhit loi ng chm, v bc, c
khng gian bay hi.
Trong trng hi ny, hi nc bo ha 443K i trong cc ng trao
i nhit cn hn hp A i bn ngoi cc ng trao i nhit hay i trong
khng gian gia cc ng trao i nhit v v thit b:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K= (6)
y , l h s cp nhit pha un hi lu (hn hp A), thc cht l
h s
cp nhit t b mt ngoi ng trao i nhit n hn hp A [w/m .K]
l h s cp nhit pha hi nc ngng t (hi nc bo ha
G ) thc cht l h s cp nhit t hi nc bo ha n b mt trong ca
ng
trao i nhit [w/m .K]
l nhit tr ca thnh ng trao i nhit (ng sch), v ln
lt l chiu dy ng v dn nhit ca ng trao i nhit.
v l nhit tr ca hai lp bn bm trn 2 b mt ng trao i
nhit (mt trong (pha hi nc bo ha) v mt ngoi (pha hn hp A) ca
ng trao i nhit)
, ln lt l chiu dy v dn nhit ca lp bn bm
mt trong ng trao i nhit.
, ln lt l chiu dy v dn nhit ca lp bn bm
mt ngoi ng trao i nhit.
=0.0002 (m .K/w); =0.0006 (m .K/w) (cho trc)
(c th chn =0.0005 (m .K/w))
=0.0025(m)(chn); =33.53 (w/m.K)(ng thau),
4/26/2012
26
(hn hp A):
Hn hp hidrocacbon Atrong ni ti un c coi l hn hp si.Khi
si si bt trong th tch ln iu kin i lu t nhin, i vi cht lng
thm t
b mt un nng v p sut nh hn p sut ti hn th h s
cp nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
=7.77*10 *( ) *( ) *( )(tr25.StayT2)(7)
y:
l h s dn nhit ca cht lng R [w/m.K]
l nht ng lc [N.s/m ]
, l khi lng ring ca lng R v hi V.[Kg/m ]
r l nhit ha hi[J/Kg]
T l nhit bo ha[K], (T l nhit si hay nhit sau khi un
T=370K)
C l nhit dung ring ca lng R[J/Kg.K]
l sc cng b mt lng hi [N/m]
q l nhit ti ring [w/m ]
Cc thng s vt l ly nhit bo ha T, ngha l nhit to
thnh hi, xc nh t p sut chung trn cht lng (coi T=370K)
Cng cp nhit thc t khng ph thuc vo chiu cao ca lp cht
lng trn b mt trao i nhit.
4/26/2012
27
nhit
chun
[T
=273K]
Tnh :
Tnh :
4/26/2012
28
= - 0.000725(T-293) (10)
=0.58 - 0.000725(370-293)
=0.524
Tnh nhit ha hi ( r)
(11)
y,
M l phn t lng A
M l phn t lng cu t i
H , H l entanpy ca cu t i trng thi hi v lng nhit T
=370K
M = x .M =0.0333*44+0.9543*58+0.0124*72=57.7
T , tnh c r:
r=
r= =194.52KJ/Kg
r=194.52*10 J/Kg
Tnh sc cng b mt ( )
4/26/2012
29
4/26/2012
30
[N.s/m ]
4/26/2012
31
( )
H s cp nhit pha hi nc ngng t c th tnh theo cng thc:
=1.36*A*L*d *q (15)
y,
A l h s ph thuc nhit trung bnh (nhit ngng t trung
bnh).A= (T ).
L l chiu di ng trao i nhit [m]
d l ng knh trong ca ng trao i nhit [m]
q l nhit ti ring b mt [w/m ]
Tnh A:
4/26/2012
32
knh
tnh c
=1.36*6.2*6 * (0.02) * q
=0.0005 (m .K/w)
Nu cho trc:
=0.0002 (m .K/w);
nc (443K) v nhit ca
4/26/2012
33
Cho q mt s gi tr, vi mi gi tr ca
q ta tnh c , , K v i
Thng s
q (gi s)[w/m]
30000
50000
70000
90000
5781.25
8267.25
10462.87
12475.33
7271.15
9387.01
11106.86
12594
942.96
1023.03
1068.82
1099.43
[w/m .K]
31.81
48.87
65.49
81.86
[K]
T s liu bng 5, lp th quan h q v T nh hnh 1
90
90000,
81.86
80
70
70000,
65.49
60
50000,
48.87
50
40
30000,
31.81
30
20
10
0
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
Hnh 1: th quan h q v T
T hnh 1 ta s tm c gi tr q ng vi gi tr T=73K.y chnh l
gi tr nhit ti ring q cn tm.T hnh 1 ta ni suy, vi gi tr T =73K ta tm
c q 79100 w/m .
Khi bit nhit ti ring q , ta c th tnh c h s truyn nhit K v
4/26/2012
34
(18)
Hoc F=
(19)
4/26/2012
ng trao i nhit
ng knh
ngoi,
d(mm)
S
ng
Chiu
di
ng,
L(m)
B mt
trao S hnh p sut
i
trnh,
lm vic,
nhit,
at
n
F(m)
35
478
630
25(25x2.5)
151
35
n 25
38(38x2.5)
61
43
n 25
25(25x2.5)
144
34
n 25
38(38x2.5)
60
43
n 25
38(38x2.5)
117
42
n 25
38(38x2.5)
104
37
n 25
PP800-40
PP-1400-40
25
25
800
1400
Chiu di thit b, mm
7990
8080
2036
2052
790
830
25
40
S chm ng
96
96
6000
6000
25
25
20
20
2.5
2.5
4/26/2012
36
4/26/2012
37