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ASSIGNMENT ON HOSPITAL PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

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Submitted to:-Dr. Sandesh Kumar Submitted by:-Bhupender Ku. Mehto

INDEX
S.NO. Particulates Content 1. 2. Introduction of topic
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Page no.
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3. 4.

Types of health care organization Introduction of Tuberculosis

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CONTENT:Questions:1) Define health care organization and explain the types of health care organization? 2) Write a short not on Tuberculosis?

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INTRODUCTION:HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or healthcare system is the organization of people, institutions, and resources to deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. The goals for health systems, according to the world health organization are good health, responsiveness to the expectations of the population, and fair financial contribution. They have also been described in the United States as "the five C's": Cost, Coverage, Consistency, Complexity, and Chronic illness Also, continuity is a major goal.

Definition:World Health Organization Definition

The World health organization defines health system as follows: "A health system consists of all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health.

Management
The management of any health system is typically directed through a set of policies and plans adopted by government, private sector business and other groups in areas such as personal health care delivery and financing, pharmaceuticals, health human service and public health.

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TYPES OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION:1) Primary health care 2) Secondary health care 3) Tertiary health care Primary care:Primary care is the term for the health services by providers who act as the principal point of consultation for patients within a health care system such a professional can be a health care physician, such as a general practitioner or family physician, or depending on the locality, health system organization, and patient's discretion.

Secondary hospital:A secondary hospital, secondary referral center or a secondary care center refers to a hospital in the United States which can support licensed physicians in pediatric , obstetrics , and gynecology, general surgery and other supporting medical services.

Tertiary or referral hospital:A tertiary hospital, tertiary referral center or tertiary care center is ,A major hospital that usually has a full complement of services including pediatric, obstetric , general medicine, gynecology, various branches of surgery and psycatric or a specialty hospital dedicated to specific sub-specialty care (pediatric centers, oncology centers,psycatric hospitals). Patients will often be referred from smaller hospitals to a tertiary hospital for major operations, consultations with sub-specialists and when sophisticated intensive care facilities are required.

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A tertiary referral hospital can also mean any hospital that provides tertiary care Some examples of tertiary referral center care are:

Head and neck oncology Perinatology (high-risk pregnancies) Neonatology (high-risk newborn care) PET scans Organ transplantation Trauma surgery High-dose chemotherapy for cancer cases Growth and puberty disorders Neurology and neurosurgery Cases of poisoning.

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INTRODUCTION OF Tuberculosis:Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus) is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active MTB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air. Most infections in humans result in an asymptomatic, latent infection, and about one in ten latent infections eventually progress to active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those infected.

World TB Day March 24, 2012

March 24 is World TB Day, which commemorates the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch announced his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. World TB Day provides an opportunity to raise awareness about TB-related problems and solutions and to support worldwide TB control efforts. The U.S. slogan for the 2012 observance is Stop TB in My Lifetime.

classic symptoms: A chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum fever, night sweats, And weight loss (the last giving rise to the formerly prevalent colloquial term "consumption"). Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms.

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Diagnosis: relies on radiology (commonly chest X-rays), tuberculin skin test, blood tests, As well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of bodily fluids.

Treatment: Direct observed therapy (DOT)- Short course DOTS is a strategy used to reduce the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases. In DOTS, healthcare workers observe patients as they take their medicine. Left alone, many people with tuberculosis fail to take all their medication and contribute to the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The technical strategy for DOTS was developed by Dr. Karel Styblo in the 1980s, primarily in Tanzania. In 1989, the World Health Organization and the World Bank began investigating the potential expansion of this strategy