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Plot or Catalyst: Differences in Perspective
Plot or Catalyst: Differences in Perspective
Professor MacKinnon
29 May 2007
somewhere in the story. Specifically, the focus depends on the perspective with which the
supernatural is seen; in some stories, the supernatural is simply accepted, while in others
attempts are made to question and justify what happened. The acceptance of the
changes the focus of the story from the supernatural event to the effects that occur as a
result of the event. These effects often provide insight into the author’s messages and
In Maupassant’s short story “The Horla”, the supernatural event is tracked and
focused on throughout the narrative. As a result of this, the story focuses more on the
occurrence of the event and much less on how the narrator responds after he accepts such
an event. Because of this, any social commentary in the story comes not from character
development or reactions, but from outright statements made in the story. “The mob is an
imbecile herd, as stupid in its patience as it is savage when roused…Then you say to it
‘vote for the Republic.’ And it votes for the Republic.” This is certainly an observation
about 19th century France, but in no way does it stem from a character’s reaction to a
supernatural event. It fits into the story well, but it comes in the form of an observation,
much different kind of character development; this kind of character development gives
us a window into more everyday, common psyches. The difference between these two
stories that accept the supernatural and move on, and a story like “The Horla” is that
“The Nose” and “Metamorphosis” both deal with their characters’ reactions to the effects
of the supernatural, while other stories deal with characters’ reactions to the supernatural
event.
In “The Nose”, Ivan, the main character, wakes up missing his nose, but he never
truly spends time reacting to the fact that his nose is gone; instead he worries about what
will happen because his nose is gone. “If I had lost an arm or a leg it would have been
better; but without a nose a man is goodness knows what: neither fish nor fowl nor
Russian society; rank is important and the loss of his nose is a strike to his vanity, not his
sense of reality. Because Ivan readily accepts the fact that his nose has fallen off and is in
fact walking around the city, his development as a character is shown not through his
Ivan definitely sees his departed nose as a supernatural occurrence, “How was it
possible for a nose—which had only yesterday been on his face and could neither drive
nor walk—to be in uniform!” but he reacts to this occurrence as if he had simply lost his
keys: “How could I have been idiotic enough to lose my nose!”. Because Ivan’s actions
are the same as those a person would have taken had he lost a normal thing; searching,
attempting to place an ad, etc.; Gogle opens a window into the normal middle-class
society of Russia and allows Ivan to be a representation of such society. Ivan’s actions
Kafka’s “Metamorphosis” follows the same format by adhering to the idea that
deviate very little from normal reactions to something not out of the ordinary. As in “The
Nose”, Gregor and his family in no way deny that something completely supernatural has
happened, but instead of dwelling on the fact that Gregor has turned into a bug, they
instead turn to how they’re going to deal with such an occurrence. Gregor’s first thoughts
are of his family and how he is going to provide for them from now on, and whether he
can get to work or not: “The next train went at seven o’clock; to catch that he would need
to hurry like mad and his samples weren’t even packed up, and he himself wasn’t feeling
particularly fresh and active.” The drastic under-reaction by Gregor in this sentence
defines the sentiment throughout the rest of the story; Gregor’s transformation is a simple
misfortune and burden, much the same as if he had become disfigured or came down with
a debilitating disease.
The family and Gregor’s treatment of the situation allows for character
development beyond the traditional fear and confusion at the supernatural. Kafka’s
characters instead treat and adapt to the situation in a way that recognizes Kafka’s true
family, as well as a catalyst that prompts the family to show how they really feel about
Gregor.
Because Gregor’s metamorphosis is such a small part of the story, it changes the
focus completely. The story could have gone in a different direction, with the family’s
fear and confusion as the primary element, with the supernatural event at the center of the
story. The story instead focuses on the family and Gregor, leaving the actual
metamorphosis as a small part of the actual story. Kafka uses the metamorphosis to show
Gregor’s place in the family, and to raise sentiment for how he is treated, regardless of
whether he is a bug or not. The family never goes into true mourning, seems quite put out
when Gregor can no longer provide for them, and eventually opts that he must die in the
end. Kafka’s characters clearly display his commentary on how families should behave,
and the common tragedy of someone who is taken for granted his entire life, and cast
“Metamorphosis”, the social commentary would most likely be less present, or would
everyday occurrence opens a window into the everyday lives and reactions of normal
people that wouldn’t be shown, had they seen the supernatural event as extraordinary.
Traditional reactions for supernatural events are fear, confusion, or even spite; in
“Metamorphosis” and “The Nose” the supernatural events act as catalysts in the
production of emotions and responses, instead of actual parts of the plot. In this way the
focus is shifted away from the event itself and toward the characters’ reactions to such
events, allowing the authors to provide commentary in both a satirical and atypical way.