Blood sugar levels are regulated by negative feedback in order to keep the body in homeostasis.

The levels of glucose in the blood are monitored by the cells in the pancreas's Islets of Langerhans. If the blood glucose level falls to dangerous levels (as in very heavy exercise or lack of food for extended periods), the Alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon, a hormone whose effects on liver cells act to increase blood glucose levels. They convert glycogen into glucose (this process is called glycogenolysis). The glucose is released into the bloodstream, increasing blood sugar levels.\

Role of Insulin: When we take food and glucose is made from the food metabolism, this glucose is than transported to our body cells by blood to be used as energy source. In this phase we need a hormone named Insulin which assists the glucose in the blood to enter in the cells. When blood glucose levels rise, cells named beta cells in pancreas release insulin. Pancreas is an organ located behind our stomach. Without the presence of insulin our body cells cannot take up the glucose from the blood leading to glucose crisis in the body cells for performing activities. If we insulin deficit, the process of glucose metabolism begins working improperly. Instead of being transported into body cells, glucose starts building up in the bloodstream. This situation may occur in two conditions. 1) When body cells become resistant to the action of insulin. Exactly why the cells become resistant to insulin's effects is still not clearly known. 2) If there is deficit in glucose production in the body by the glucose producing cells in pancreas. These two situations can lead towards the disease condition called diabetes mellitus. Role of Glucagon When there is accesses glucose in our body, this glucose is stored for future use by out body as fat cells. If in any case there is any shortage of glucose in our body and there is no supply available than body goes for the alternative way to fulfill the deficit. When blood glucose levels fall, cells named alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon. When blood glucose is high, no glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells. Glucagon has the greatest effect on the liver although it affects many different cells in the body. When glucose levels are low our liver releases the stored glucose into the bloodstream to keep blood glucose level within a normal range and Glucagon's main function is to cause the liver to release stored glucose from its cells into the blood.