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Evolution of Services in 3G Network: Lecture Notes Dea Misi 1 March 04
Evolution of Services in 3G Network: Lecture Notes Dea Misi 1 March 04
Service
Wireless Interface Wired Interface
UE
NNI UNI
Core Net
UNI
UE
Access Network
User Plane
Layers Management
Lower Layers
LMSS: Land Mobile Satellite Service MMSS : Maritime Mobile Satellite Service
Service Attributes
Low layers attributes : Information Transfer Attributes, Access Attributes High layers attributes : Type of User Information, Higher Layer Protocol Functions General attributes : Supplementary services provided, QOS, Interworking possibilities, Operational and commercial
These attributes define the scope of the service from the point of view of the user and are exchanged at the UNI level with Signalling Protocols.
3G Deployment Scheme
Global Satellite
Target for UMTS initial development : high density and business areas
Suburban Micro-Cell
Macro-Cell
GMSC
GGSN
AuC
C
PSTN PSTN
Gc Gn Gr
HLR
D
EIR
F Gf Gs
VLR
B
VLR
B
MSC
MSC
SGSN
CN
A Gb IuCS IuPS
BSS BSC
Abis
RNS RNC
Iubis
Iur
RNC
BTS Um
BTS
Node B
cell
Node B
Uu ME
SIM-ME i/f or Cu
SIM
USIM
MS
GPRS services
Conversational (mobile office) : Telnet Retrieval (mobile office) : WWW, FTP Messaging (mobile office) : Email Conferencing (mobile office) : Video Tele-action (telematics) : E-commerce Distribution (Road Traffic and Transport Informatics RTTI) : Road guidance
SGSN/GGSN
Mobililty Management Session Management
- QoS - Security - Attach/Detach BSS PCU BSS PCU
MAP Signalling (GGSN)
HLR
MAP Signalling (SGSN)
SGSN
Intranet
Routeing info GGSN
Internet
Client
BSS PCU
SGSN
BSS PCU
Client
BSS PCU
Servers
SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF RLC MAC GSM RF Um BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
Gi
Class 4 (best Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified effort)
Charging
Charging methods similar to those used in the existing PDN Subscription fees paid regularly for a fixed period Traffic fees paid as a function of
the data volume type of service request QoS
End-to-End Service
Iu Bearer Service
Streaming class : One way streams, Real time, Interactive class : Request-response pattern,
preserve payload content, ex : Web browsing, server access, data base retrieval E-mails, MMS/SMS
MAC-d
Terminal mobile
Node B
AAL2/ATM
ATM
Transport channels
Transport channels are classified into two groups :
Common transport channels : RACH, FACH, DSCH, SCH, these are shared among several users. Dedicated transport channels : DCH, dedicated to one user at a call by call basis.
AAL2 structure
SAP SAP SAP Service Specific Assured Data Transfer
Primitives
SAP
ATM Adaptation Layer AAL Service Specific Assured Data Transfer SSADT Common PartSublayer (I.363.2) CPS Service Specific Segmentation and Reassembly SSSAR Service Access Point SAP Service Specific Transmission Error Detection SSTED SEG-SSCS Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (I.366.1)
AAL2 organisation
Structure of the segmentation SSCS
SS-SAR : simple function of segmentation of messages which may have a length up to 65536 octets into a blocks of 45 octets, the last massage block may have a length less than 45 octets. The re-assembly process is the symmetrical one. SS-TED : errors detection (Transmission Error Detection) : bit errors, lost cells (similar functions with the ones available within the AAL5 CPCS) SS-ADT : errors correction (Assured Data Transfer)
Well adapted for transportation of real time low bit rate (short packet) traffic Differences with AAL5 : no bit stuffing
Minicell
CID
LI
UUI
HEC
CPS-INFO
Minicell header 5 oct. Payload par1 Pointer on Next minicell Payload par2... 5 oct. .2
Stuffing b
Minicell
CID
LI
UUI
HEC
CPS-INFO
Minicell header 5 oct. Payload par1 Pointer on Next minicell Payload par2... 5 oct. .2
Stuffing b
Differentiation of Services
RRC/RLC/MAC protocols stack :
the MAC layer scheduler does not alter the statistic of the real time (voice) traffic and smoothes the non real time (data) traffic Access Point) at the SSSAR sublayer, so the services differentiation is done at the connection set up time using the AAL2 signalling protocol
Main issues is the definition of the QOS at the AAL2 level able to
express the application needs use the ATM QOS
Present situation :
ATC CBR of the ATM is assumed to be used Voice and data are multiplexed within the same VC or on two separate VCs
Interface Iub
RNC
NODE B
UDP IP le rseau de transport ne MPLS/ ATM sont pas multiplexes. - Plusieurs Classes de phy service peuvent tre supportes QoS1
QoS2
IP
phy
phy
HDLC/ phy - Le multiplexage est ralis sur le Last Mile Link - La diffrenciation des services peut tre ralise sur le Last Mile Link
Sources models
Importance of the time scale : call, transaction request/response, micro-flot, packet Important for simulation purpose Some standard models : Poisson, ON/OFF, MMPP Recent model : Fractal processes (autosimilar) rather suitable for traffic aggregation modeling within large scale networks like the Internet or a wide area packet switching networks (very difficult mathematical tractability)
Traffic aggregation
The superposition of Poisson processes is Poisson The superposition ON/OFF processes is a finite state birth and death process where the number of states is equal to the number of superposed processes The superposition of MMPP processes is MMPP (numerical difficulties) Important for simulation purpose
Parameters identification
Poisson : intensity parameter ON/OFF : ON and OFF periods parameters MMPP : number of phases, sejourn time within a phase
Voice Model .
20 ms 20 ms
Web Model ..
Packet-call
.
Reading-time
..
common VC
scenario (a)
scenario (b)
Timer CU Study
95 percentile delay (ms)
3,6 3,2 2,8 2,4 2 1,6 1,2 0,8 0,4 0 10 30 50 70
Timer-CU = 0 Timer-CU = 100us Timer-CU = 200us Timer-CU = 1ms Timer-CU = 3ms Timer-CU = inf
Tim er-CU = 0 Tim er-C U = 100us Tim er-C U = 200us Tim er-CU = 1m s Tim er-CU = 3m s Tim er-CU = inf
90
110
130
90
110
130
Timer-CU = 0 Timer-CU = 100us Timer-CU = 200us Timer-CU = 1ms Timer-CU = 3ms Timer-CU = inf
voice 20% UDD64 80% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps 95 percentile data delay (ms)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T] 100 voice 20% UDD64 80% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps
Timer CU Study
16 14 95 percentile voice delay (ms) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T] 100 PCR PCR PCR PCR = 500Kb ps = 1Mb ps = 2Mb ps = 6Mb ps
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1
voice 80% UDD64 20% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps
5 10 Timer-CU [T]
100
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 1
voice 80% UDD64 20% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps
5 10 Timer-CU [T]
100
100 95 90 85 VC load (%) 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 number of v oic e s treams Timer-CU = 1ms PCR=500Kbps PCR=1Mbps PCR=2Mbps
118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 150 154 158
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
delay(ms)
1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,1 0,7 1,3 1,9 2,5 3,1 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 6,1 6,7 7,3 7,9 8,5 9,7 Probability distribution for data Voice + UDD64Kbps 20% voice, 80% data VC load = 65% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
1,93
delay(ms)
1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,1 0,7 1,3 1,9 2,5 3,1 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 6,1 6,7 7,3 7,9 8,5 9,1 delay(ms) 9,7 Probability distribution for data Voice + UDD64Kbps 50% voice, 50% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,01 0,13 0,25 0,37 0,49 0,61 0,73 0,85 0,97 1,09 1,21 1,33 1,45 1,57 1,69 1,81 1,93 Probability distribution for voice Voice + UDD64Kbps 80% voice, 20% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
delay(ms)
QOS View
IP layer :
DiffServ : EF, AF, BE Scheduling : Priority, WFQ Traffic conditioning & queue management SLA
DiffServ mechanisms
Four mechanisms are implemented within the ingress nodes : Traffic classification :
Flow selection based on the DSCP (Behaviour Aggregate, BA) Selection based on one or header fields : source or destination address, DS fields, protocol identifier, source or destination port number, etc. (Multi-Field, MF)
Traffic conditioning :
4 components : meter, marker, shaper, dropper
out in out
Dropper
Classifier
Marker
out
Meter
Shaper
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0|0| Type = 0x0810 | Length = 24 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Flags | Frequency | Reserved | Weight | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peak Data Rate (PDR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peak Burst Size (PBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Data Rate (CDR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Burst Size (CBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Excess Burst Size (EBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
1) Identifie le BA du paquet entrant par le biais du DSCP. 2) Dterminer le LSP/label reprsentant le FEC et le BA correspondants. 3) Marquer le champ Exp pour reflter le BA du paquet.
Mobile IP in 2.5G/3G
Multim Netwo
PS domain Iu-PS TE
R
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
MT Uu
GMSC
MS/UE
CS domain
Interface Iub
RNC
NODE B
IP MPLS phy Une seule Classe de service pour les flux transports entre le Node B et le RNC
IP
MPLS
IP
PPP
IP
PPP
L1
L1
phy
HDLC/ phy
HDLC/ phy
Interface Iub
RNC
NODE B
UDP IP le rseau de transport ne MPLS/ ATM sont pas multiplexes. - Plusieurs Classes de phy service peuvent tre supportes QoS1
QoS2
IP
phy
phy
HDLC/ phy - Le multiplexage est ralis sur le Last Mile Link - La diffrenciation des services peut tre ralise sur le Last Mile Link
IP Multimedia Subsystem : this domain is the innovative part of UMTS Rel5. It is expected to support IP multimedia applications between two end users.
IN / GSM Convergence
The initial GSM architecture does not follow the IN model. The enhancement of this architecture toward the IN model is done with CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic). This defines A protocol : CAMEL Application Part CAP between the MSC and the SCP A new function gsmSSF within the MSC Originating CAMEL Subscriber Information which identifies the subscriber and the address of the SCP the MSC has to contact CAP Message Set (reduced) CAP-BCSM defined
Trends
Trend 1 ( All IP UMTS network)
Packet-switched circuit switched Multimedia support in core network
VHE(service capabilities)
Three fundamental architecture improvements from GSM
Wideband access: high bit rate Mobile-fixed-Internet convergence
Cross domain service e.g. Tracking a users location Automatically adapting the content of his incoming messages to SMS, voice message, fax or e-mail. VHE is the enabler of this service portability across networks and terminals in the different domains.
VHE(service capabilities)
VHE
A system concept for personalized service portability across network boundaries and between terminals. virtual at home Allows a user to personalize the set of services across different types of networks- mobile, PSTN, Internet and terminals-mobile, laptop, fixed phone, PDA,PC e.g. from 9h00 to 17h00 I want to receive incoming messages from my office Layered architecture, see figure.1
Network layer Service layer Allow faster, easier and more flexible creation, deployment, and operation of new personalized applications/services
VHE(service capabilities)
VHE(service capabilities)
VHE (continued)
Open interface OSA
Object oriented Application Programming Interface (API)
Secure
Service layer access to the SCFs of all the SCSs in the network layer Additional authentication, authorization, accounting and management
Why VoIP ?
New features introduced in R00
Provisioning of IP-based multimedia service Packet based network transport. Replace circuit switched transport IP transport within the UTRAN Network architecture is independent of the transport layer, based on IP or ATM
About IMS
IMS :
Provides UMTS packet domain with session control plane
Protocol chosen to perform call control is SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) QOS is negotiated end-to-end at the application level via SIP protocol, then this QOS is translated to UMTS QOS to allocate CN bearer.
Enables UMTS customers to be reachable anytime anywhere thanks to the SIP identifier
Note that in R99 and Rel 4 mobiles can not receive packet based calls from end users.
Enables enhanced services in conjunction with service platform and architecture (OSA, CAMEL). New services via packet domain : VoIP, videoconference, games
S GSN
UMTS Packet
UE
GGSN
Domain
E xternal Network
Fixed/Wireless Convergence
IP Core Network
GSM GPRS/EDGE
UTRAN
WLAN/Bluetooth ADSL
Satellite Network
End User
Policy Server
Policy Repository
LDAP
Management Function
Node
PDP
PEP
SNMP
Node A
Node B PDP
Node D
PEP
PEP
PEP
LPDP
LPDP
PEP Node C
AD 2
PDP
PDP
Policy Server
Policy Server
AD 1 AD 3