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Western Mindanao State University Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City College of Engineering and Technology
Western Mindanao State University Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City College of Engineering and Technology
SUBMITTED BY:
Marynhol C. Solis
(BS SE IV-A)
SUBMITTED TO:
(4.) Grade separations and Interchanges - Grade separations and interchanges may be warranted: a.) As part of an express highway system designed to carry volumes of traffic. b.) To eliminate bottlenecks c.) To prevent accidents d.) Where the topography is such that other types of design are not feasible e.) Where the volumes to be catered for would require the design of an intersection at grade of unreasonable size. f.) Where the road user benefit of reducing delays at an at grade intersection exceeds the cost of the improvement. - Four main types of interchanges and ramp layouts: a.) T and Y interchanges b.) Diamond interchanges (e.i. SPUI) c.) Partial and full cloverleafs Disadvantages: The layout requires large land areas Declaring traffic wishing to leave the through lanes must weave with accelerating traffic entering the through lanes. d.) Directional interchanges (5.) Design of Ramps and Turning Roadways - A turning roadway is a connecting roadway for traffic turning between two legs of an intersection. The term ramp is used to refer for all types of turning roadways that connect two or more legs at an interchange. AAS1170 recommends friction factors of 0.32, 0.23, and 0.18 for design speeds of 24, 40and 56 km/hr (15, 25, and 35 mph), respectively. (6.) Railroad Grade Intersections - All railroad intersections at grade require proper advance warning signs. Recommended standards for railroad-highway grade-crossing protection have been adopted by the Association of American Railroads. Railroad grade-separation structures may consist of an overpass on which the highway is carried over the railroad or an underpass that carries the highway under the railroad.
(3.) Parking Garage Design Criteria - Single entrances an exits, with multiple lanes, are preferable to several openings. Entrances and exits should be located away from street intersections to prevent congestion on the street. Lane widths of 3.6 to 4.3 m (12-14 ft.) are typically used for entrances and exits. Counter-clockwise circulations are preferred for parking garages. (4.) Curb Parking - 3 basic types of curb stalls are used: a.) End stalls (typically 6.1 m(20 ft.) in length. b.) Interior stalls (usually 6.7 m(22 ft.) long providing approximately 1.4 m(4.5 ft.) between adjacent cars for maneuvering). c.) Paired parking stalls (consists of pairs of contagious 5.5 m(18 ft.) stall separated by a 2.4 m (8 ft.) open space that may be used for maneuvering).