Riffles and pools cost

The main costs considered for the riffle and pools design are the ones related with the materials, digging, maintenance and the labour force. The compensation and legal costs are not included because the riffle and pool construction does not affect the people in the surroundings as their land is not altered by the implementation of these structures. Moreover, the costs of the materials and digging are taking in consideration the climate change scenario.

Materials
The material costs for this case will involve mainly the coconut fibre that will be used as geotextile for the bank stabilization before the water passes through the riffle. On the other hand, the costs related to the riffle construction materials (which are cobbles, boulders and gravel) will only be related to the transportation costs of the material, since they can be found in a natural deposit. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that the use of natural gravel is restricted in Sweden as it was determined that the countrys supply was decreasing therefore the price is high. As a result, it will be necessary to use a secondary source of gravel for the construction which implies the purchase of gravel material. Additionally, material costs for the pool are not necessary since it is supposed to form naturally after the river.
Table no...Material costs for the riffle

Material Coconut fibre Small gravel Medium gravel Coarse gravel

Cost Amount required 60 SEK/m2 15m2/riffle 27 SEK/ton 2Ton/riffle 55 SEK/ton 2Ton/riffle 69 SEK/ton 2Ton/riffle

Total cost (SEK) 5400 162 330 414

Transportation The cost for material transportation is considered as there isnt a nearby source on the zone of the restoration project. Since the land surrounding the area is mainly urban and used for agriculture it would be difficult to find material sources on that location. As a consequence, material transport from another place is required. The costs of transportation include the fuel of the vehicle, the salary of the driver and the loan of the vehicle.

Digging The riffle construction requires that a trench is digged at the head of the riffle where the different types of rock are going to be placed for the riffle construction. This calculation will be made on the assumption that the dredging cost per cubic yard is USD $10.
Table no...Digging costs

W 6,327 6,615 6,615

Ytrench 0,3 0,3 0,3

Lr 8,225 8,600 8,600

Volume (m3) 15,610 17,066 17,066

Volume (yd3) 20,406 22,308 22,308

Cost /yd3 101 SEK/yd3 101 SEK/yd3 101 SEK/yd3

Total cost 2061 2253 2253

Maintenance Maintenance costs need to be included since materials can wear out with time. Firstly, the coconut fibres useful life is for 5 years, so they need to be replaced after this period of time. On the other hand, the gravel used can be washed away by the flow with time due to their size, therefore new material has to be added to guarantee that there is a uniform rock size distribution so the riffle function is kept. The maintenance cost will be the same as the materials and transportation only if the worst possible scenario (completely damage of the riffle) happens. Labor force The labor costs that are going to be taken in consideration correspond to the salary payment to the workers involved in the transportation and the riffle implementation.
Table no...Labor costs

Type of work Construction labor worker Truck driver

SEK/h 29 12

Cost SEK/day 694 278