Name: RAMIZ RAZZAQ

Class: BS 5

Sec: B

Rollnum: 77

Subject: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHEVIOR

SUBMITTED TO:

MISS SHEEBA

leadership qualities of zulfikar ali bhuto: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

general characteristics

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's fundamental needs, values, and orientation towards life are symbolized by the four astrological elements. Each person has their own unique balance of these four basic energies: fire (warmth, inspiration, enthusiasm), earth (practicality, realism, material interests), air (social and intellectual qualities), and water (emotional needs and feelings). Bhutto's "elemental make-up" is described below. Remember that most people are "unbalanced" or lopsided, and if Zulfikar is lacking or deficient in a certain element (or elements), it simply means that he needs to consciously develop that particular aspect in order to appreciate and/or work harder in that dimension of life. Sometimes we overestimate the element that we are least endowed with, sensing it as a lack within ourselves, but more often we neglect or ignore it. The qualities described below will be reiterated and explained in more detail in the following pages. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto possesses a measure of all the elements and is thus less likely than others to overemphasize or completely neglect one dimension of experience in favor of another. He is capable of both thinking and feeling, envisioning possibilities and dealing effectively with the here-and-now. This does not mean that Zulfikar does not have definite preferences and attitudes (these will be covered in the following chapters), nor even that he does not go overboard in his own particular way. But Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is a more versatile and complex person, less one-sided than many other people are, and thus able to draw on all of the elemental qualities as required. In addition, Bhutto is able to relate to most people, recognizing a bit of himself in their values Bhuttos political leadership seems to be an essential outcome of his objective of acquiring power. That, however, did not alter the situation that a political leader is not only leading but is also being led by the obligations of responsibility, accountability and responsiveness. Bhutto had to

carefully identify sources capable of facilitating his objective. He had to cultivate a mutual interaction with his followers and in that he had to establish a political party for support and sustenance. He had also to cultivate an effective relationship with legislators, the armed forces and the bureaucracy. He established a viable linkage with the common-man in Pakistan. All these requirements also necessitated his taking recourse to democratic political process. His search for legitimacy and survival could be seen in his conscious efforts as a political leader. The constraints of Bhuttos leadership have to be seen in the context of the systemic problems of Pakistans political system. Pakistan was created in a specific context. The colonial power had decided to quit. However, the national movement did not succeed in ensuring freedom for a united country but for two separate states. The political evolution of Pakistan showed that democratic process had to face innumerable constraints and conscious resistance before Bhutto assumed power. During that period, however, Pakistan experimented with a variety of alternatives, dominated by bureaucratic and military rule, which did not genuinely help in the development of popular and democratic institutions. That was not a very encouraging legacy which Bhutto had inherited. A study of political leadership of Bhutto would, therefore, not ignore the several challenges, he as political leader, and Pakistan, as political system, inherited and which included religio-cultural belief-system and trends of centralization, noncompetitiveness, and mixed ideological orientations. However critical one might be of these legacies in developing societies, it is not possible to deny their presence. This study shows that Bhuttos charismatic personality was a vital factor in his assumption of political leadership. His distinct socio-economic background facilitated his initiation into Pakistans political life. There is little doubt that he gradually succeeded in acquiring unprecedented popular support. Bhutto was the first elected leader who showed commitment towards the welfare of the common-man. His initial policy pronouncements were optimistic in that regard. Later, however, he had to make compromises which diluted his precepts. There is no denying the fact that Bhutto acquired charismatic influence. His charismatic appeal was deeper and widespread as compared to the preceding charismatic figures like M.A. Jinnah and Ayub Khan. Bhutto possessed tremendous capacity to divert non-political symbols, such as religious

susceptibilities, sectarian, linguistic and regional affinities, to his own and to his partys advantage. However, in the absence of mature political institutions, Bhutto had to rely on the support of armed forces and bureaucracy. The opposition political parties were also at fault in weakening the democratic process initiated by Bhutto. Motivated by theocratic and cultural prejudices, the opposition leadership could not claim to have offered comprehensive alternatives in consonance with democratic expectations. If Bhutto were to be critically viewed for persisting with personality-cult and assorted ideology, the opposition seemed to be little concerned about evolving a viable ideology for national integration, economic development and social change, barring the thrust on Islamic revival. On the other hand, Bhutto initiated a civilian political set-up to rehabilitate democratic and constitutional leadership in Pakistan. He also aspired for attaining acceptability for Pakistan to play a key role at international forums. The systemic constraints which finally overwhelmed Bhutto did not detract from his initial efforts to consolidate political leadership and transform Pakistan into a modern, democratic political system. That shows Bhuttos distinctiveness from the preceding political leadership of Pakistan.