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LNA Report
LNA Report
Amplifier Specification:
Center Frequency Bandwidth Noise Figure Gain Source Impedance Load Impedance Relative Permittivity of Substrate () Thickness of the Substrate (h) Thickness of the conductor Transistor
2.4GHz 5% < 3 dB As High as Possible 50 ohms 50 ohms 2.31 31.5 mil 1.2 mil Fujitsu FHX35LG HEMT
below:
Zo
transistor [S]
Zo
in
out
b) If the transistor is potentially unstable, it can be stabilized by adding a ballast resistor at the drain or a feedback resistor from drain to the source. But this
would add to the noise figure. Otherwise we can go for a conditionally stable design.
c) Calculate unilateral figure of merit for choosing
e) For a unilateral case use the constant gain circles for the desired or maximum gain. For a bilateral case use the available power gain circle for the desired or maximum gain. Plot any of these circles accordingly in the plane.
in
well as with in the Noise circle, the corresponding circle gain circle. We dont use operating power gain circles as it has to be plotted in plane. So it is
out in
difficult to correlate with the noise circles in plane. g) Calculate the corresponding . From these values
L
i) The impedance matching networks (Input and Output) are designed using the smith chart. For e.g. in the input side, the matching network must transform Z to Z . This can be done using lumped elements like
S 0
LC based network or distributed elements like open or short circuited stubs combined with a length of a transmission line. j) Provide DC bias for the Q point taken from the data sheets and take care that it is transparent with the RF operation.
S11 = 0.925 -53.0 S21 = 4.200 132.5 S12 = 0.050 52.5 S22 = 0.500 -45.0 K = 0.26 < 1 Stability: The transistor is potentially unstable. The stability circles are as given below
The unilateral figure of merit is found to be -5.53dB < (Gt/Gtu) < 19.7dB The error range is 25dB which is very high. So we should use bilateral approach. Noise and Gain circles: The Noise parameters at 2.4 GHz are calculated as NFmin = 0.42dB opt Rn = 0.8 38 = 27.4
The desired Noise Figure and the Gain is selected as 1.5 dB and 12 dB
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The corresponding noise and available gain circles are plotted as given below
Figure 4.4
The corresponding , , Z , Z are found as given
S L S L
below
Figure 4.5
Impedance Matching networks: The Source impedance matching network should transform 50 ohms to Z and it is done as given below.
S
ADS.
matching network. Calculations for second matching: S11 = 0.806 -128.4 S21 = 4.569 -140 S12 = 0.038 146.3 S22 = 0.031 66.3 K = 1.085 > 1 NFmin = 1.177dB opt Rn = 0.761 163.86 = 2.017
S L
Z = 33.815 + j6.211
L
DC Bias Network: The operating conditions for FHX35LG are read from the data sheet as: Ids = 10 mA Vgs = -0.4V Vds = 3.0V The DC biasing network is designed as given below
11
network.
The transmission line dimensions for the Impedance Matching Networks and DC Bias Circuit was calculated
ensure a proper layout were done. These were 1) Adding Tee networks for branching in the layout. 2) Adding vias for grounding.
3) Adding a small length of transmission line to connect
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The Layout of the amplifier was done using the layout conversion tool of ADS and it is as shown below
15
Figure 5.4
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Noise Performance:
Stability:
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Measured results:
S11 and gain at 2.4 GHz
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Figure 5.12
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