CHAPTER 8

booke7-8y.tex

May 8, 2012

Line Integrals in 3-D The STOKES Theorem

Example 1*
I
F dr for the vector F = xz i + xy j + 3yz k and the curve C which is the perimeter

Evaluate
C

of a closed triangle in the first octant with vertices at (3, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0), and (0, 0, 6) in the
counterclockwise direction, when viewed from the positive zaxis.
Solution

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1
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The closed curve C (see Figure 1*) consists of the line

segments C1 , C2 , and C3 , where
C1 :

(0, 0, 6)

the line joining vertices (3, 0, 0) and (0, 3, 0)

C2 : the line joining vertices (0, 3, 0) and (0, 0, 6)

and
C2 :

(0, 3, 0)

the line joining vertices (0, 0, 6) and (3, 0, 0).

The integral becomes

Z
Z
Z
I
F dr =
F dr +
F dr +
F dr
C

C1

C2

(3, 0, 0)

x
Figure 1.*:

C3

Simple closed piecewise Curve C.

The line segments C1 , C2 , and C3 can be represented in vector notation, respectively as

C1 : r(t) =< 3, 0, 0 > + t < 3, 3, 0 > = < 3(1 t), 3t, 0 >
C2 : r(t) =< 0, 3, 0 > + t < 0, 3, 6 > = < 0, 3(1 t), 6t >
and
C3 : r(t) =< 0, 0, 6 > + t < 3, 0, 6 > = < 3t, 0, 6(1 t) >
where t varies from 0 to 1 in each case. From these equations we obtain
Z

Z
F dr =
C1

C1

F dr =
C2

xz dx + xy dy + 3yz dz =

t(1 t)dt = 54,

0

t(1 t)dt = 9.

xz dx = 54
C3

9
,
2

Z
3yz dz = 324

xz dx + xy dy + 3yz dz =
C3

C2

Z
F dr =

t(1 t)dt =

C2

Z
xy dy = 27

C1

C3

Z
xz dx + xy dy + 3yz dz =

2
Thus,
I

F dr =
C

F dr +

Z
F dr +

C1

C2

F dr =
C3

9
+ 54 + 9 = 67 12 .
2

Example 2*
I
By using Stokes Theorem, evaluate

F dr for the vector F = xz i + xy j + 3yz k and the curve

C

C which is the perimeter of a closed triangle in the first octant with vertices at (3, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0),
and (0, 0, 6) in the counterclockwise direction, when viewed from the positive zaxis.
Solution
The portion of the plane bounded by C is shown in Figure 2*.
z

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(0, 0, 6)

2x + 2y + z = 6

(0, 3)

2x + 2y = 6

(0, 3, 0)

(3, 0, 0)

Figure 2* :

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(3, 0)

The planar space S of 2x+2y+z = 6 bounded

by C with its projection R on xyplane.

From the vector F = xz i + xyj + 3yzk, we find that



 i
j
k 








F=
 = 3z i + xj + y k.
 x y z 




 xz xy 3yz 
The equation for S is 2x + 2y + 3z = 6. Let (x, y, z) = 2x + 2y + 3z 6 and so we obtain
(x, y, z) = 2 i + 2 j + 3 k
and thus
Therefore

n
dS = (x, y, z) dAxy = (2 i + 2 j + 3 k) dAxy .
ZZ
ZZ
( F) n
dS =
(3z i + xj + y k) (2 i + 2 j + 3 k) dAxy
S

R
Z
Z

=
But 3z = 6 2x 2y and so

(6z + 2x + 3y) dAxy .

R

3
Z 3Z

ZZ

3x

(12 2x y) dy dx

(6z + 2x + 3y) dAxy =

0

3x

y2
dx
12y 2xy
2 0
0
Z


1 3
=
3x2 30x 9 dx
2 0
3
1 3
=
x 15x2 9x 0 = 67 12 .
2
ZZ
I
( F) n
dS = 67 21 .
Hence from Stokes Theorem F dr =
Z

C
S

Example 1**
I
Evaluate

F dr for the vector F = xz i + xy 2 j + 3xz k and the space curve C which is the

intersection of the plane x+z = 3 and the cylinder x2 +y 2 = 4, in the counterclockwise direction,
when viewed from the positive zaxis.
Solution
z

The space curve C is shown in Figure 1**. The

space curve C consists of the curves C1 and C2 ,
where
C1 : the curve joining the points (2, 0, 1) and (2, 0, 5)
C2 : the line joining vertices (2, 0, 5) and (2, 0, 1)
The integral becomes
Z
Z
I
F dr =
F dr +
F dr
C

C1

x+z =3

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-2

x +y =4

C2

Figure 1**: Simple closed piecewise Curve C.

From previous example the curves C1 and C2 may be written in vector notations as
p
r(t) = < t, 4 t2 , 3 t >,
where t varies from 2 to -2, and
p
r(t) = < t, 4 t2 , 3 t >,
where t varies from -2 to 2, respectively. Thus
Z
Z
F dr =
xz dx + xy 2 dy + 3xz dz
C1

C1

4
2 

Z
=

2t2 6t t2


p
4 t2 dt

2 Z 2 p
2 3
2
=

t 3t
t2 4 t2 dt
3
2
2
Z 2 p
32
=
t2 4 t2 dt
3
2
Z 2 p
32
= +
t2 4 t2 dt.
3
2


By using substitution t = 2 sin and so dt = 2 cos d, we have

Z 21
Z 2 p
2
2
sin2 2 d
t 4 t dt = 4
12


1
sin 4 2
=2
= 2.
4
1
2

Therefore,
Z
F dr =
C1

32
+ 2.
3

Similarly,

xz dx + xy 2 dy + 3xz dz

F dr =
C2

C2

2t2 6t + t2


4 t2 dt

2 3
t 3t2
3
32
=
+ 2.
3

2

Hence,
I

Z
F dr =

Z
F dr +

C1

F dr
C2

32
32
+ 2 +
+ 2
3
3
= 4.
=

t2

4 t2 dt

Example 2**
I

F dr for the vector F = xz i + xy 2 j + 3xz k and the space

By using Stokes Theorem, evaluate

C

curve C which is the intersection of the plane x + z = 3 and the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4, in the
counterclockwise direction, when viewed from the positive zaxis.
Solution
z

x+z =3

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-2

x +y =4

OR

-2

=0
x
2 = 2

-2

Figure 2** : The planar space S of x+z = 3 bounded

by C with its projection R on xyplane.

The planar space S of x + z = 3 bounded by C with its projection R on xyplane (see Figure
2**).
From the vector F = xz i + xy 2 j + 3xz k, we find that


 i
j
k 








F=
 = 0 i + (x 3z) j + y 2 k.
 x y z 




 xz xy 2 3xz 
The equation for S is x + z = 3. Let (x, y, z) = x + z 3 and so we obtain
(x, y, z) = i + 0 j + k
and thus
n
dS = (x, y, z) dAxy = (i + 0 j + k) dAxy .
Therefore
ZZ

ZZ
( F) n
dS =

0 i + (x 3z) j + y 2 k

(i + 0 j + k) dAxy

ZZ
=

y 2 dAxy .

Since R is a circle of radius 2, so by using polar coordinates with x = r cos , y = r cos , and
R = {(r, ) | 0 2 and 0 r 2}, we have

6
ZZ

y 2 dAxy =

2Z 2

Z
0

0
2

r3 sin2 dr d

=
0

r4 2
sin
4

2
d
0

sin2 d

=4
0

(1 cos 2) d

=2
0

h
i2
= 2 sin 2
= 4.
0

ZZ

( F) n
dS = 4.

F dr =

Hence from Stokes Theorem

C