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10.7.5. Calculation process

Currently, this process is computerised (INDALWIN program). But in this section, the process to be followed to perform an indoor lighting project is going to be indicated. This will be done bearing in mind recommendations established by the C.I.E. as far as illuminances in service are concerned, direct glare quality limitation and colour rendering group (R or Ra) more highly recommended for a concrete installation (warehouses, offices, classrooms, etc.). The following steps must be followed: 1) Premises geometrical characteristics. 2) Reflection characteristics of different surfaces. 3) Obtaining required values for the type of activity to be developed in the premises (average illuminance in service, glare limitation quality, R), of the C.I.E. charts. 4) Selection of the type of luminaire to be installed according to the characteristics of the premises, which will define whether the luminaire is to be embedded, suspended or wall mounted. 5) Check that luminaires comply with the direct glare limitation quality. 6) Since an average level will be maintained in the installation, it is necessary to apply depreciation coefficients to initial values. These have been previously seen. 7) When lighting calculation for premises is done using the utilization factor method, it is necessary to know luminaire performance and utilization factor (for this reason, K value and ceiling, wall and floor reflections must be known). 8) Once all the data are known, the lighting fundamental formula is applied: where: Ems = .N. S . fu . fm

Ems = Average lighting in service. = Lamp unitary luminous flux. N = Number of lamps (to be determined). = Luminaire performance. fu = Utilization factor. fm = Maintenance factor. S = Surface to be illuminated.

10.8. Some recommended lighting levels

Construction areas in general
Kind of area Circulation areas, corridors Bathrooms, restrooms Businesses, warehouses Stairs, Escalators Illuminance in service 100 100 100 150 Quality class D-E C-D D-E C-D

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Assembly workshops
Kind of area Rough work: heavy machinery assembly Medium work: vehicle body and engine assembly Fine work: office machinery and electronics assembly Very fine work: instrument assembly 1 500 A-B 1.750 A-B 1.500 B-C Illuminance in service (lux) 1.300 Quality classd C-D

Plastic, rubber and chemical industries

Kind of area Automatic processes Interior plant general area Control rooms, laboratories Pharmaceutical manufacturing Pneumatic manufacturing Inspection Colour combination Illuminace in service (lux) 1.150 1.300 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.750 1 000 Quality class C-D C-D C-D C-D C-D A-B A-B

Clothing
Kind of area Ironing Sewing Inspection Illuminace in service (lux) 1.500 1.750 1 000 Quality class A-B A-B A-B

Electricity industry
Kind of area Cable manufacturing Coil winding Assembly of telephones, radios Evaluation, adjustment Assembly of high precission parts electronic components Illuminace in service (lux) 1.300 1.500 1 000 1 000 1 500 Quality class B-C A-B A-B A-B A-B

Food manufacture
Kind of area Automatic process General work areas Craft decoration Illuminance in service (lux) 200 300 500 Quality class D-E C-D A-B

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Smelting
Kind of area Smelting areas Preliminar workbench, preliminary nucleus construction Fine workbench, nucleus construction, inspection 500 A-B 300 C-D Illuminance in service (lux) 200 Quality class D-E

Ceramics and glass

Kind of area Furnaces/furnace rooms Mixing rooms, rooms for formation, moulding and furnising Finishing, enamelling and polishing Polishing machine engraving Polishing and manual engraving Fine work 1.300 1.500 1.750 1 000 B-C B-C A-C A-B Illuminace in service (lux) 1.150 1.300 Quality class D-E C-D

Metal manufacture
Kind of area Totally automatic production plants Semi-automatic production plants Work stations with permanent staff in production plants Control and inspection platforms 500 A-B 300 D-E 200 D-E Illuminance in service (lux) 50 Quality class D-E

Leather works
Kind of area General work area Pressing, cutting, sewing, shoe manufacture Classification, piling, quality control 1 000 A-B Illuminance in service (lux) 1.300 1.750 Quality class B-C A-B

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Machine and tool shops

Kind of area Small part cast Preliminar workbench and machine work, welding Intermediate workbench and machine work Fine workbench and machine work, inspection and verification Fine work, complicated and small part measurement and inspection 1 500 A-B 1.750 A-B 1.500 B-C Illuminance in service (lux) 1.200 1.300 Quality class D-E C-D

Painting works and spraying cabins

Kind of area Washing, rough spraying Ordinary spraying and painting Fine painting, spraying and finishing, retouching and mixing Illuminance in service (lux) 1.500 1.750 1 000 Quality class C-D B-C A-B

Paper factory
Kind of area Automatic processses Board and paper manufacture Inspection, classification Illuminance in service (lux) 200 300 500 Quality class D-E C-D A-B

Printing works
Kind of area Printing machine Binding Composing, correcting, cutting, and enhancing rooms Retouching, etching Colour reproduction and printing Copper and steel etching 1 000 1 500 2 000 A-B A-B A-B Illuminance in service (lux) 1.500 1.500 1.750 Quality class C-D A-B A-B

Textile industries
Kind of area Carding, patterned cloths Spinning, winding, dying Twisting, weaving Sewing, inspection Illuminance in service (lux) 1.300 1.500 1.750 1 000 Quality class D-E C-D A-B A-B

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Woodwork shops
Kind of area Sawmills Assembly bench work Wood machining Finishing Final inspection, quality control Illuminance in service (lux) 1.200 1.300 1.500 1.750 1 000 Quality class D-E C-D B-C A-B A-B

Offices
Kind of area Archives Conference rooms General offices, typing, rooms where computer- related activities are performed Open and deep offices Drawing offices 1.750 1 000 A-B A-B Illuminance in service (lux) 1.200 1.300 1.500 Quality class C-D A-B A-B

Schools
Kind of area Workshops, libraries, reading rooms Classrooms, assembly halls, laboratories, art rooms, sports halls Illuminance in service (lux) 300 500 Quality class A-B A-B

Shopping precincts
Kind of area Conventional shops Self- service Supermarkets, department stores Illuminance in sevice (lux) 300 500 750 Quality class B-C B-C B-C

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Public edifices
Kind of area Cinema auditorium Cinema foyer Theater and concert hall auditoria Theater and concert hall foyers Light- sensitive exhibits in museums and art galleries Exhibits insensitive to light in museums and art galleries Church naves Chancel, sanctuary and platform 100 300 B-C B-C 300 B-C Illuminance in service (lux) 50 150 100 200 150 Quality class B-C B-C B-C B-C B-C

Houses
Kind of area Bedrooms in general Head of bedroom Bathroom in general Place to shave and make up in the bathroom House in general Place to sew and read Stairs Kitchen in general Kitchens work area Desk Childrens room 100 500 100 300 500 300 100 B-C B-C B-C B-C B-C B-C B-C Illuminance in service (lux) 50 200 100 500 Quality class B-C B-C B-C B-C

Hotels and restaurants

Kind of area Dining rooms Bedrooms and bathrooms in general Bedrooms and private bathrooms Entrance lobbies and conference halls in general Kitchens 500 B-C 300 300 B-C B-C Illuminance in service (lux) 200 100 Quality class B-C B-C

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Hospitals
Kind of area Ward corridors at night Ward corridors during the night/afternoon Wards general lighting Lighting in examination rooms General lighting in local examination rooms Intensive care and observation Nurses stations Pre- operation rooms General lighting in operating rooms Local lighting in operating rooms General lighting in post- mortem rooms Local lighting in post- mortem rooms General lighting of laboratories and pharmacies Local lighting of laboratories and pharmacies General lighting in consulting rooms Local lighting in consulting rooms 000.750 A-B 000.500 A-B 001 000 A-B 000.750 A-B 005 000 A-B 000.750 A-B 100 000 A-B 000.750 000.300 000.500 1 000 A-B A-B A-B A-B 000.150 000.500 001 000 A-B A-B A-B Illuminance in service (lux) 000.050 000.200 Quality class A-B A-B

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