Identification of a Compound using Melting and Boiling Points Experiment 1

Introduction One of the primary methods used to characterize a new compound is the physical determination of its normal melting and boiling points. The normal melting and boiling point is the temperature at which a substance melts or boils when the barometric pressure is 760 mmHg or 1 atm. In this experiment we will first calibrate our thermometers using ice and water, whose normal melting and boiling points are well characterized as 0.0 C and 100.0 C, respectively. Following this, we will measure the normal melting and boiling points of an unknown compound. We will use this data to determine the identity of our unknown from a list of possible unknown samples and physical data from the Chemical Handbook. Experimental Procedure As described in the lab manual,ice was placed in a beaker and warmed until approximately 50% had melted. The temperature of the ice/water mixture was then measured with a thermometer. This was followed by a similar measurement of our solid unknown. In part II, water was heated until boiling and the temperature of the liquid/gas mixture measured with a thermometer. This was followed by a similar measurement using our unknown compound. To get the best results possible, the procedure in the manual was modified by repeating each trial three times. Data & Results The Barometric pressure in the lab was measured to be 761.2 mmHg. Table One Experimental Data Trial Water Water Boiling Pt. 101.2 C 101.1 C 100.9 C n/a 101.1 C 0.15 0.4 Unknown 7 Unknown 7 Melting Pt. 80.2 C 80.7 C 80.4 C n/a 80.4 C 0.15 0.4 Boiling Pt. 272.7 C 272.8 C 273.0 C n/a 272.8 C 0.06 0.14

Melting Pt. 1 0.7 C * 2 0.1 C 3 0.0 C 4 0.1 C Averages: 0.15 C Standard deviation (s): 0.06 95% confidence limits: 0.14

* This trial was eliminated because the thermometer was broken (there was a bubble of air in the mercury). A new thermometer was obtained from the stockroom and used for all other data.

Observations: The unknown was yellowish-orange in color and had a fruity smell. As can be seen from our water data the experimental values for the melting and boiling points of water differed from the theoretical values by +0.15 C and +1.1 C, respectively. These differences were used to calibrate the average data for the unknown. Thus the corrected values for the unknown boiling and melting points are given in Table 2. Table Two Corrected Temperatures Unknown 7 Melting Pt. Measured value 80.4 C 0.4 (95%) +0.15 C Correction Corrected value 80.5 C 0.4 (95%) Unknown 7 Boiling Pt. 272.80 0.14 C (95%) + 1.1 C 273.90 0.14 C (95%)

These values were used to identify our unknown. Table Three below lists possible unknowns and the melting and boiling points for these compounds found in the Chemical Handbook.2 Table Three Reference Data from Chemical Handbook Compound Blabber Gas Freezer Gel Silly Putty Billgatesium Farsel Juice Shampoo Melting Point -15.8 C 82.7 C 57.2 C 1000 C 80.8 C -1.2 C Boiling Point 17.2 C 456.1 C 121 C unknown 274.0 C 108.7 C

Based on these data we conclude that our sample was probably Farsel Juice since both the melting and boiling points fall within the confidence limits of our average melting and boiling points. Additional evidence to support our conclusion is that Farsel Juice is described in the Chemical Handbook as having a yellowish-orange in color and has a peach-like smell. Our unknown was this color and one of our group members observed a fruity smell when she opened the bottle. Although our measured melting and boiling points differed from the theoretical data by a few percent, this difference was very small leading us to believe that our results were quite good. While there is still room for error in our results due to the change in boiling and melting points as a function of atmospheric pressure this difference should be very small. Other factors such as contaminates in the water used may have affected the results, but again every effort to minimalize such effects was made by using only deionized water. Finally we did encounter some problems with our thermometer in the first trial, but this was fixed by replacing it at the stockroom. Thus our careful work, our additional color and smell observations, and the fact that the corrected average of data exactly matched only one of the choices with 95% confidence, all suggest that our unknown was in fact Farsel Juice.

Conclusions In this lab we determined the identity of our unknown to be Farsel Juice using normal melting and boiling points. A future experiment might include an additional calibration using the barometric pressure and/or inclusion of other chemical properties such as reactions of the compounds with acids and stuff to further test the nature of the chemicals and more positively identify the chemicals.

Identification of a Compound using Melting and Boiling Points

Experiment 1

Prepared by: Dr. Ethan Gallogly 2004

Visit to the Computer Center Asia Pacific College Malolos, Bulacan

By means of the telephone, I made an appointment with Engr. Norberto Samson, the Director of the Computer Center of the Asia Pacific College. The meeting was set last September 10, 1997 at 4:00 pm. The purpose of the visit was to observe the equipmentand their operations as well as to discuss the qualifications needed to get a job at the Center system and to observe and take part in operating one of the computers. Qualifications Through the discussion I had with Engr. Samson, I learned that for one to get a job at the Computer Center, a person must have a background in Computer specifically data processing. The more experienced a person is in data processing, the better the chances are of getting at the Center. Beginning Positions A new employee with no data processing work experience would probably start at the Computer Center with a job in keypunch. This job involves the punching of data on to cards that are run through the computer. Very often this job includes a lot of night work, especially for the beginner As an employee masters certain skills, the chances for a higher position in the center increases. The new employee with experience or specialized training can move into responsible high-paying positions within a few months. Observation of Equipment and Operations The Computer Center has such a large load of work that it is equipped with two IBM systems, three computers with model types XT, 286 and 386. Different offices and departments of Asia Pacific College bring in raw data which are programmed and processed by the computers and the results are returned to the different offices.

Conclusions and Recommendations

My visit to the Computer Center was very interesting and worthwhile. Engineer Samson encouraged me to continue my education in data processing and to get much out of the courses as I could because that knowledge would help me to get a good job and to advance. He asked me to be sure to apply for a ready employment at the Computer Center when I completed my college studies. I would recommend that anyone interested in data processing visit a company using computer and observe its operation. The visit led me to feel secure in the belief that there is a very bright future for me in the field of data processing if I get good training.

Memorandum
To: Dean Victor Peralta From: Engr. Manduel Seneres Date: October 28, 2004 Subject: Weekly report of the maintenance personnel on the repair of Comfort Rooms at the College of Arts and Social Sciences (CASS) building from October 23-26, 2003 Date: Work Completed October 23 Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Repaired comfort rooms at CASS building. Work on dilapidated doors and windows. Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Repaired Electrical Connections of said Comfort Rooms at the CASS building. Changed fuse, outlets, etc. Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm. Repaired water connection of the Comfort Rooms of the CASS building. Changed several tube fittings. Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm. Worked on the repainting of Comfort Rooms of the CASS building

October 24

October 25

May 1, 2012 BULLETIN: No.1 s. 2012

Dep't: Health and Human Services Agency: Administration for Children and Families Program: Discretionary Funds for Refugee Child Care Microenterprise Development Project Summary: This grant iniative will provide microenterprise business opportunities to refugee women focusing on child care mentoring programs that will facilitate integration into the U.S. cultural norms and State Child Care requirements. It will assist in English language acquisition, advance educational attainment (GED) and improve economic opportunities through application of acquired job skills in a market where there is a shortage of child care providers. Through the grant, mentors will help women establish agreements or contracts with State or county child care offices so they may qualify for State/county child care reimbursement as child care service providers. Eligibility: Government agencies, institutions of higher education, nonprofits. Faith-based and community organizations that meet eligibility requirements are eligible to receive awards under this funding opportunity announcement. Individuals, foreign entities, and sole proprietorship organizations are not eligible to compete for, or receive, awards made under this announcement. Deadline: 15 May 2012

Acme Chemical Blacksburg, Virginia April 11, 2000

To: From: Subject:

Dr. Mary Kasarda Jess Underwood JU Correcting the Unbalance of the Demonstration Test Rig

Summary and Introduction Recently, you informed me that an unbalance in our demonstration test rig was causing it to experience high levels of vibration at the first critical speed. Because the test rig is to be used in presentations next week, you requested that I balance the unit. Using the single plane balancing procedure, my partner and I balanced the rotor at an operating speed of 3000 rpm. For the first critical speed of 2050 rpm and the balancing speed of 3000 rpm, the original and corrected vibration responses for vibration amplitude are summarized in Table 1. The next section presents the balancing procedure, and the section following that presents my recommendations on your questions about long-term storage of the test rig. Table 1. Original and Corrected Amplitude Responses Response Original Corrected Operating Speed N=3000 rpm 14.8 mils p-p (300) 9.6 mils p-p (238) Operating Speed N=2050 rpm 1.92 mils p-p (83) 1.70 mils p-p (29)

Recommendations In regards to your question of storing the test rig for long periods of time, I suggest that the test rig be stored vertically in a dry environment. If the test rig's rotor were stored horizontally, the weight of the rotor would more than likely cause a permanent bow in the shaft. Also, storage in a dry environment will protect the components from corrosion. When the test rig is put into use after a long period in storage, I recommend that oil be applied to each of the bushings. As was shown in Table 1, the balancing procedure has reduced, but not eliminated, the unbalance in the test rig. To further lower the vibration amplitudes, I suggest making a second run through the balancing procedure. If you would like me to perform this task or answer any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Team Process Flow Chart:

The above example illustrates the sequence of events needed to accomplish the task. When flow charts are used in the computer industry, they usually follow certain conventions and symbols such as diamond shape, rectangles or round shape. These shapes symbolize certain meanings in the process flow (the meanings have been highlighted in the illustration above). The use of these symbols is basically meant to simplify interpretation of the process flow. For instance, the diamond shape is a decision point and is a powerful mechanism in the flow chart diagram. A yes means you can proceed further and no at this stage means you have to change track or rectify something before you can move ahead. But not all flow charts need to strictly conform to these symbols. Flow charts can be cast in any simple visual way that clearly explains the process necessary to complete a task from start to finish. Team performance and the efficacy of the team are significantly eroded if the team cannot work in an organized manner. Confusion leads to inefficiency and errors. The flow chart is a simple tool that helps a team mull over a task and elaborate on all factors that go into performing that task. The example given here is a simple situation with a simple process. Teams usually face much more complex situations. A flow diagram of this nature significantly improves process clarity. Once the team gets the process right, the team has a greater chance of achieving success on the task.

Pie Chart
The pie chart below shows the ingredients used to make a sausage and mushroom pizza. The fraction of each ingredient by weight is shown in the pie chart below. We see that half of the pizza's weight comes from the crust. The mushrooms make up the smallest amount of the pizza by weight, since the slice corresponding to the mushrooms is smallest. Note that the sum of the decimal sizes of each slice is equal to 1 (the "whole" pizza").

Bar Graph
The bar chart below shows the weight in kilograms of some fruit sold one day by a local market. We can see that 52 kg of apples were sold, 40 kg of oranges were sold, and 8 kg of star fruit were sold.

Line Graph

The graph above shows how John's weight varied from the beginning of 1991 to the beginning of 1995. The weight scale runs vertically, while the time scale is on the horizontal axis. Following the gridlines up from the beginning of the years, we see that John's weight was 68 kg in 1991, 70 kg in 1992, 74 kg in 1993, 74 kg in 1994, and 73 kg in 1995. Examining the graph also tells us that John's weight increased during 1991 and 1995, stayed the same during 1991, and fell during 1994.

Technical Writing
Different Classifications of Informal Reports

Submitted by: Jonna Fajardo

Submitted to: Mrs. Maria Calica May 4,2012