Technical White Paper For QoS Manager

Technical White Paper for QoS Manager
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Table of Contents
1 Introducing QoS Manager Solution..................................................................................... 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 QoS Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 QoS Manager Solution ................................................................................................ 2 QoS Manager Architecture .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 Client Layer .......................................................................................................... 5 Interface Layer ..................................................................................................... 6 Control layer......................................................................................................... 6 Adaptation layer ................................................................................................... 6
Key Features of QoS Manager Solution ............................................................................. 7

2.1 2.2 Flexible Template Management .................................................................................. 7 Full Process Service Management.............................................................................. 8 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.5 Service Planning .................................................................................................. 8 Service Implementation ....................................................................................... 9 Service Guarantee: .............................................................................................. 9 Automatic Service Detection.............................................................................. 10 Unified Customer Management ......................................................................... 11 Web Self-help Management for VIP Customers (CNM Feature)....................... 11
Optimized Network Management .............................................................................. 11
Management of Equipment from Multiple Manufacturers.......................................... 12 Powerful System Scalability ...................................................................................... 12
3 Typical Applications of QoS Manager: Implementation of QoS in the BGP/MPLS VPN Service..................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1 3.2 Implementation of QoS in BGP/MPLS VPN Service ................................................. 13 In QoS Manager, QoS Service is Implemented Specifically for BGP/MPLS VPN .... 14 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 QoS Service Support ......................................................................................... 15 QoS Service Implementation ............................................................................. 17 QoS Service Guarantee..................................................................................... 17
Summary .......................................................................................................................... 17
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................................ 18
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
i http://datacomm.huawei.com

Abstract: QoS Manager, which helps the distribution, deployment, guarantee and monitoring of the QoS service, is a tool that assists operators in creating operatable, manageable premium network and carrying out management accordingly. This document introduces the key features and typical applications of QoS Manager solution. Keywords: QoS, Manager, SP, OSS
1 Introducing QoS Manager Solution

1.1 QoS Introduction
QoS is designed to answer the needs for various kinds of applications and provide service quality of different kinds, such as, offering dedicated bandwidth, reducing message loss rate, decreasing message transport delay and delay jitter, etc. To this end, QoS employs different technologies like stream categorizing and coloring, traffic monitoring, traffic shaping, network congestion management and network congestion avoidance to full the functions mainly as follows: Stream categorizing: identifying objects according to some matching rules. Traffic monitoring: monitoring the specification of the specific traffic that enters the network devices. When the traffic exceeds the specification, limitation or punitive measures can be taken to protect the business benefits of the service provider and the network resources against damage. Traffic shaping: a kind of stream control measure to take the initiative to adjust the output rate of the stream. It is usually done to adapt the traffic to the network resources offered by the router in the downstream so as to avoid unnecessary message loss and congestion. Congestion management: In case of network congestion, measures must be taken to address the issue of resources competition. The normal practice is to put the
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 1 http://datacomm.huawei.com
messages into the buffer of the queue and arrange message forwarding sequence using some kind of dispatching algorithm. Congestion avoidance: excessive congestion might inflict damage to network resources. Congestion avoidance monitors the usage of network resources and takes the strategy of discarding message voluntarily when congestion is found to grow worse and releases network overload by adjusting the traffic. Of these QoS technologies, stream categorizing is a basis. It identifies messages according to some matching rules, so it is a precondition for the implementation of QoS while traffic monitoring, traffic shaping, congestion management and congestion avoidance exercise supervision over the network traffic and the resources it allocates from different perspectives, so they showcase the implementation of QoS.
1.2 QoS Manager Solution

For the current services like VoIP, IPTV, MPLS VPN, etc. that the service providers are stepping up their efforts to promote, it is necessary to take into account the end-to-end QoS to meet their different requirements. Therefore, end-to-end QoS is the must-have condition for the unveiling of these value-added services. In the meantime, for service providers, QoS itself is a service. The different tariff collection strategies can be implemented by offering different QoS to users. The QoS service is very promising in market prospect, but the operation of the service poses a higher demand for the management of the IP network. Currently, the deployment of the end-to-end QoS service is confronted with the following difficulties: Service complexity: technical complexity/implementation complexity, how to accomplish service planning & deployment fast? Equipment diversity: networking with the equipment of different manufacturers, how to carry out QoS service deployment and monitoring? Service form diversity: how to exercise unified management of the QoS of IP dedicated line and VPN? Response timeliness: how to locate the physical fault of a device that impacts the customers and QoS service?
Monitoring means integrity: how to monitor the operation of the whole network QoS? Feature service offering capability: how to offer personalized services to VIP customers? While implementing the end-to-end QoS service, the service provider shall have in place an effective QoS network management solution. With reference to the specifications of TMN and TMF, QoS network management (hereafter called QoS Manager) offers a wide variety of management functions, involving such fields as network management, service management, customer management. The major functions accomplished by QoS Manager are as follows: 1 Accept service orders, generate service request and make network planning, deployment and auditing; 2 Maintain network data and monitor network performance and fault; 3 Make analysis of network performance and faulty services and afford service guarantee for original data; 4 Offer Web-based customer network management (CNM) and provide QoS customers with QoS monitoring means. In the Figure below is a description of the QoS Manager in the operating system of the service provider. The QoS Manager is intended to offer end-to-end service management on the IP network, achieve seamless integration of customer management, service deployment, performance monitoring and fault monitoring functions. It is an management tool for service providers to kick off the QoS service.
3 http://datacomm.huawei.com
Figure 1 Location of QoS Manager in the Operating System
1.3 QoS Manager Architecture

QoS Manager is a four-layer architecture, which can maximally offer scalability, redundancy and robustness. In addition, the multi-layer structure guarantees the system can be deployed in an independent or integrated way, in conformance with the operation class architecture.
Relation database
Figure 2 Architecture of QoS Manager The four layers are respectively client layer, interface layer, control layer and adaptation layer, based on the open architecture. Featuring good scalability, QoS Manager can be extended to exercise management, with ease, of equipment by several manufacturers and incorporate into the existing OSS architecture.
Client layer-WEB-based graphic user interface (HTTP to Web server) or JAVA application program; Interface layer-offers external interface. The interface modes include private ASN message mechanism, CORBA mechanism, CLI calling mechanism, SOAP/XML mechanism and SNMP mechanism; Control layer-stock management, network management, service management and fault management. Performance management and dispatch mechanism; Adaptation layer-multiple manufacturer equipment adaptation plug-ins or southward driver that accesses the EMS system.
1.3.1 Client Layer

The client layer consists of the client end program of the standard Web-based browser and JAVA application program. With them, users can access the service program of QoS Manager to accomplish the management function accordingly, such as configuring
services, viewing reports, etc.
1.3.2 Interface Layer

The interface layer consists of private message bus, CORBA message bus and WEB application server. It has the interface for external mechanisms to enhance the scalability of the whole system user access. The interface modes include private ASN message mechanism, CORBRA mechanism, CLI calling mechanism, SOAP/XML mechanism and SNMP mechanism. In addition, the offered interface can be customized and loaded and unloaded in a modularized way to adapt to different application situations and cater to the architecture of business management systems offered by various kinds of services.
1.3.3 Control layer

The control layer is the core of the whole system, offering a capability of control and monitoring and dispatching the other layers of the system to accomplish the service functions. Using relational database as memory bank, QoS Manager allows the use of standard SQL to acquire data information and guarantee system data consistence, integrity and compatibility. The control layer abstracts various kinds of service logics, creates QoS service management model according to the eTOM model and conduct intelligent management of the full process (involving service planning, service implementation and service guarantee) of the total life cycle of the QoS service to reduce effectively the operating costs of service providers.
1.3.4 Adaptation layer

The adaptation layer consists of the equipment plug-ins of various manufacturers and EMS drivers and offers the service adaptation function. QoS Manager can mask the diversity between the equipments of various manufacturers by integrating the equipment plug-ins offered by manufacturers and accomplishes the adaptation of the uniform service model to make easy the unified service management of the equipments of multiple manufacturers by the service provider. In the meantime, QoS Manager can access the NE network management system (EMS) to assist the service provider in the creation of the management architecture of various forms.
2 Key Features of QoS Manager Solution

2.1 Flexible Template Management
In view of the technical complexity of QoS and many and complicated parameters of QoS, QoS Manager offers the flexible and complete template functions to make it easy for service providers to launch the QoS service rapidly and effectively. There are two kinds of QoS Manager templates: system pre-defined template and user-defined template. The system pre-defined template falls into two kinds: device pre-defined template and network management system predefined template. The former is designed mainly to pre-define some common templates for the equipment types managed by the QoS Manager system; the latter is designed for experience type templates of the IP services that are extensively unfolded now. The service provider can refer to or make use of all these templates to, on one hand, offer configuration efficiency and, on the other hand, ease management. For the template newly created by the user, QoS Manager offers a wizard definition function. For all these templates, QoS Manager organizes and manages them in the form of folders as shown in the Figure below. A user can copy and create templates using these folders so as to manage templates and services flexibly. The stream category template offered by the QoS Manager system supports matching Any, ACL, incoming interface, source/destination MAC address, RTP information, IP protocol, IP priority, dscp, mpls-exp, 8021p and MAC address group as well as embedded stream categories and and/or operations of all match types. The stream behavior template offered by the QoS Manager system supports remark ip-precedence, remark dscp, remark mpls-exp, remark fr-de, remark 8021p, remark atm-clp, CAR, traffic shaping (GTS), queue dispatching (AF, EF, WFQ), congestion avoidance (WRED), network address conversion (NAT), strategy route (redirect), firewall (permit/deny), sampling (sampling), layer2 rate limit (LR), embedded QoS (Recursive QoS). Furthermore, the interface class strategy template offered by the QoS Manager system supports link efficiency mechanism, etc.
Figure 3 QoS Managers QoS Template Management
2.2 Full Process Service Management

QoS Manager can conduct flawless management in each phase of the service life cycle from QoS service planning to service deployment, service audit, service guarantee and service disconnection and reduce effectively the management complexity of the service provider.
2.2.1 Service Planning

As the QoS Manager uses a graphical and wizard-like operating system to plan QoS services, administrators need only to select the interface from the given resource library and input part of QoS parameters for the QoS Manager to automatically fill or calculate the relevant values based on the existing data in the system before creating a service request. It is rather complicated to configure the QoS service, so make sure the correctness of the service prior to actual deployment. Currently, QoS Manager offers QoS service list and QoS service configuration interpretation designed to check whether the service request expresses the expected service supposition. After being extended, QoS Manager can
generate network topology accordingly in response to the service request. This makes it easy for the service provider to plan efficiently, check the service request effects and resources uses visually and avoid service deployment errors so as to enhance service release efficiency. Apart from that, QoS Manager can also offer QoS measurement; that is to measure the QoS performance of the path taken by the service before the service is initiated and determine whether the current network performance supports the service needs.
2.2.2 Service Implementation

In addition, QoS Manager provides a mechanism to deploy services flexibly according to time strategy, thus avoiding the impact of new service deployment during the service peak time on the network and the original services. For instance, the service deployment time can be set to a time period when the service traffic is relatively small (e.g. wee hours), so that the administrator can check the result of service deployment during the working hours next day. QoS Manager plans to display visually by way of Highlight the end-to-end QoS service channel on the topology.
2.2.3 Service Guarantee:

QoS service guarantee is mainly represented by QoS service measurement, resources reservation and service monitoring. The QoS service measurement after the service is deployed is designed to measure the QoS performance of the path taken by the service and determine whether the network performance indicators occupied by the currently running service meet the requirements of the customer. The sustained resources reservation and viewing can afford good scalability to the service and support the QoS of the service better in a period of time. The service monitoring function monitors the service while it is running and makes statistics and adjustment according to its service quality and current network status. QoS Manager offers effective tools to help monitor the network and services and assist the service provider in forging top-quality premium network and provide customers with value-added services with quality guarantee. QoS Manager performance management provides functions such as performance, traffic data collection, display, statistics and reports. The performance data include statistic
information like stream category, CAR, GTS, flag, queue and WRED. Beyond that, through the SLA monitoring function, it can also offer such network running indicators as mean delay, loss of packets and network bandwidth utilization. By analyzing the performance data, the administrator can achieve a clear understanding of the network operation, which facilitates network planning and optimization. QoS Manager can offer a wide variety of reports for specific customers and provide them with necessary service performance reports. QoS Manager offers the service audit function. To guarantee the cutover of the customers service, QoS Manager can conduct configuration audit on the deployed service to check whether there exists the expected configuration on the equipment. In addition, QoS Manager also conducts connectivity audit to check the end-to-end connectivity of the QoS service. QoS Manager collects the network fault information in real time and analyzes the services and customers likely to be affected when an alarm has occurred to a certain NE and this alarm affects or is to affect the QoS services. It then sends a service alarm to administrators in time, so as to remind maintenance staff to locate and solve the problem before the customer services are faulty. The QoS Manager shows fault information in real time on the topology. The close combination of the alarm function with the QoS service topology chart enables the network O&M staff to fast locate any network fault once it has occurred. Other alarm management functions provided by the QoS Manager include alarm level re-definition, alarm knowledge and base, fulfills functions alarm like
saving/dumping/notification/acknowledgement/filter/report
forwarding the alarm to email and handset as set by the user. QoS Manager enables sustained resources reservation and viewing to guarantee the sustained development of the service.
2.2.4 Automatic Service Detection

The QoS Manager can discover services that have been previously deployed in the network. QoS Manager first reads the service information before analyzing the basic information of QoS, and then figures out information of the QoS services existing in the network with the participation of administrators, rather than the necessity of inputting the network-related configuration parameters again in the QoS Manager. This just meets the special requirements of service cutover prior to network management construction,
avoiding any influence of misoperations on the original services while saving administrators' time on the other hand.
2.3 Optimized Network Management

2.3.1 Unified Customer Management
The QoS service is targeted for customers. To get customer information and serve customer better, QoS Manager offers a full array of customer management functions. The QoS Manager can be used to maintain the basic information of customers, view the QoS service leased by customers, and the actual running status of the QoS service. Qos Manager also outputs service lease report, resource lease information, performance data report, traffic data report and fault data report accordingly for the customer, thus helping service providers and QoS customers understand the running conditions of the service and improving customer satisfaction on the part of service providers.
2.3.2 Web Self-help Management for VIP Customers (CNM Feature)

As some VIP customers with higher service requirements may hope to monitor the running of their own leased networks or even hope to configure some of the leased ports. To this end, QoS Manager offers the feature of CNM (Customer Network Management). The QoS customer can access via the WEB browser QoS Manager, which can or will offer the following function depending on his/her authorization: 1. Customers QoS topology: displays the QoS view of the customer and presents
visually the customers QoS service connectivity, real-time running status, etc.; 2. Performance/traffic statistical report: Provides performance/traffic data reports for the
customer-leased services 3. Service fault monitoring: browses the faults that occur to the QoS service of the
customer; 4. 5. etc.; 6. Maintenance of basic customer information

Viewing specific QoS parameters, etc.; Modifying QoS parameter configuration and presenting the changes of service level,
The CNM feature is a kind of favorable VAS from the service provider. It adapts to the self-help management needs from high-end customers and at the same time will bring more revenues for service providers.
2.4 Management of Equipment from Multiple Manufacturers

As the QoS technology is growing to maturity and heading towards standardization, equipment from multiple manufacturers keep being used in the same network. On the other hand, however, QoS services may need to be deployed on the basis of the existing network resources that may involve equipment from multiple manufacturers, Thus bringing a need for the QoS Manager to manage them in the same network. To address the problem, plug-in modules for the equipment from different vendors can be developed since the QoS Manager has excellent scalability in terms of both system design and architecture. Depending on the actual condition of the network, QoS Managers device plug-in can be developed in a customized way.
2.5 Powerful System Scalability

As QoS service providers may need to manage each NE equipment in the network in addition to the QoS services, The QoS Manager is designed with the ability to integrate with Huaweis iManager N2000 NE management system and Huaweis VPN Manager service management system, so that administrators can manage the network from the perspective of the NE layer and the service layer and the hardware investment of service providers is reduced to a certain extent. QoS Manager offers CORBA northward interface, making possible secondary development or access to higher level system (e.g. OSS system) and bringing automation and intelligence to telecom operation.
3 Typical Applications of QoS Manager: Implementation of

QoS in the BGP/MPLS VPN Service
In the deployment of the QoS Manager solution, it is imperative to plan and deploy with great care. Given below is an exemplification of the typical applications of QoS Manager with the implementation of QoS guarantee for the BGP/MPLS VPN service. First is the
introduction to the setting for the implementation of QoS guarantee in the BGP/MPLS VPN service, followed by a detailed description of how to implement QoS service in QoS Manager in response to the setting of BGP/MPLS VPN.
3.1 Implementation of QoS in BGP/MPLS VPN Service

In the QoS service, QoS management can be carried out in three settings as follows depending on whether CE in the BGP/MPLS VPN service is manageable. QoS Setting where PE only is Managed In the BGP/MPLS VPN service, PE is manageable while CE is not. The QoS configuration of the VPN service is made primarily on the PE device. The specific configuration of QoS is shown in the Figure below:
Figure 4 Only PE Setting is Managed QoS Setting when PE and CE are Managed At this moment, in the BGP/MPLS VPN service, both PE and CE are manageable. QoS configuration can be made on PE and CE. The specific configuration is shown in the Figure below:
Figure 5 Setting for PE/CE Management QoS Setting when Only CE is Managed At this moment, in the BGP/MPLS VPN service, PE is not manageable while CE is. QoS guarantee for the VPN service is usually implemented on the network of the contents service provider. In this case, QoS is configured on CE. The specific configuration is shown in the Figure below:
Figure 6 Only CE Setting is Managed
3.2 In QoS Manager, QoS Service is Implemented Specifically for BGP/MPLS VPN
In QoS Manager, the networking diagram of the implementation of QoS service management specifically for BGP/MPLS VPN is shown in the Figure below:

WEB server CNM client Qos Manager JAVA client
MPLS network
JAVA client
WEB-based client
Figure 7 QoS Manager Networking Diagram
QoS Manager offers a flawless solution to the operation & maintenance of the QoS service. After it is deployed, it can carry out all work from service planning to daily maintenance concerning various kinds of QoS services. Given below is an example of the setting for managing PE, which introduces QoS guarantee for the implementation of BGP/MPLS service in the QoS Manager system.
3.2.1 QoS Service Support

The QoS service support accomplishes the global planning of QoS and the basic configuration for the bearing of QoS service by network devices. The configuration includes Network Resources Configuration (Network Inventory) Through its explorer-based network-wide resource management function, the QoS Manager can enable users to fast browse the network-wide resource usage information and output them via reports, thus helping them plan and reasonably configure their own resources. It can manage equipment resources (including equipment, equipment physical interfaces and logical interface resources) in a centralized way and support automatic detection of available resources on the network equipment and enables users to manually synchronize the equipment data in a real-time or timed manner.
Network QoS Service Basic Capability Configuration Accomplishes global planning of the network, involving starting the pertinent functions of the device, such as planning ACL strategy. For a network, it suffices to make this configuration before the service is released for the first time and there is no need for it after that. Therefore, currently QoS Manager has not presented the global planning function in GUI interface. It is required that the administrator define the global strategy (e.g. ACL, etc.) in a unified manner on all devices using command lines. QoS Template Configuration Accomplishes template configuration as required by the service. Based on the customer order, the administrator can customize the template as required by the customer using the wizard template creation tool available in QoS manager. Under normal circumstances, different application settings require different configuration templates. Take for example the BGP/MPLS VPN service that manages PE only. In this case, two QoS strategy templates shall be prepared: one template applies to the upstream interface of PE-CE connecting to the PE side; the other to the downstream interface of PE-CE connecting to the PE side. In the preparation of the QoS strategy template, get ready first the stream category template and stream behavior template. In the stream category template, it is necessary to choose the categorizing method for the stream category. It is up to the user to decide whether to fill in the specific parameters for stream category. Similarly, in the stream behavior template, it is necessary to choose the stream behavior actions. It is up to the user to decide whether to fill in the specific parameters. (In the actual configuration of the QoS service, the categorizing methods, actions and parameters regarding the QoS strategy, stream category and stream behavior can be modified and supplemented). QoS template configuration is not essential in all service configurations. When the service provider implements the QoS service, he can either re-tailor-make new QoS templates (including stream category template and stream behavior template) or continue to use the existing QoS templates (including stream category template and stream behavior template).
3.2.2 QoS Service Implementation

Service Planning Wizard Based on the customer order, the administrator can release QoS service to the customer using the wizard service release tool available in QoS Manager. In the middle of service release, the administrator can add QoS services and delete required devices and QoS template visually in QoS manager. Service Preview After service planning is completed, planning preview can be done to check the correctness of service planning. Service Deployment The administrator can not only make service deployment manually, but also accomplish the release of the QoS service using the time-based deployment strategy available in QoS Manager. In the meantime, for the services that are not successfully deployed, it can make failure cause analysis for reference by the administrator.
3.2.3 QoS Service Guarantee

QoS Manager offers different QoS guarantee means for the administrator to conduct daily maintenance, involving QoS configuration audit, QoS performance data viewing, report output, etc. The reports of different kinds provided by QoS Manager can be generated in a timely manner depending on the setting made by the administrator. QoS Manager can make records of operations automatically while the operation & maintenance staff are operating to generate a complete user operation log.
4 Summary
As the QoS technology advances, more and more service providers present top quality premium networks using the QoS technology. However, its complexity also brings great challenges to the management of QoS. It provides complete solutions to the operation and maintenance of QoS services, simplifies management complexity, lowers operation costs and delivers better quality services to customers.
Based on the C/S structure, Huaweis QoS Manager provides operators with end-to-end QoS service management, supports equipment from multiple manufacturers, integrates the operators existing OSS systems with ease and affords a vast number of service providers with across-the-board service support.
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation/Acronym QoS MPLS VPN Full Name Quality of Service Multi Protocol Label Switch Virtual Private Network

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.