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The Indonesian Government System
The Indonesian Government System
The Indonesian Government System
+ The function of Head of Government (Prime Minister) and the function of Head of State (President, the King) performed by different people. 2. Presidential System - The system of government centered on President - Characteristics : + Leadership in implementing the policy (Administration) more clearly, which is in the hands of the President. + Comprehensive policy can rarely be made due to the legislative and executive branches have a separate position. + Position head of government and the states are on one hand. + Regeneration Legislature is not the place for the position - the executive branch, which can be filled from various sources including the legislature.
4. Swiss Models - Also called the "Collegial System", in because different from the Parliamentary and Presidential System. - Having a President and Vice President selected by the seven members of the Federal Council for a term of every year alternately
I. Democracy
Democracy is a form or system of government of a state mechanism for the realization of popular sovereignty (the power of citizens) for the state to be run by the government of that country. One of the pillars of democracy is the principle of dividing the political triad of the three political power state (executive, judicial and legislative) to be realized in three types of institutions independent of the other state (independent) and are equal ranked in to each other. The three types of state institutions is the government agency has the authority to make and carry out the executive authority, the agency held a court of competent
judicial authority and institutions of Representatives (House of Representatives) which has the authority exercises legislative power. Sovereignty sovereignty of the people not only elect the president or members of parliament directly. Although his role in a democratic system is not large, an election is often called the democratic party. Such a triad of political principles is very important to be taken into account when the facts of recorded history the powers of government (executive) is so large it was not able to form a just and civilized society, even the government absolute power often leads to violations of human rights. Since the independent republic of Indonesia, in the formal political structure, we are poor experience in democracy at the local level. The presence of democratic institutions are not necessarily accompanied by the emergence of a more civilized political practice, but has been marked by rampant money politics, exploitation of the symbols of identity through ethnic and religious lines, as well as violence and thuggery. Through civil society marked autonomy, civic, and public awareness will be critical seeding media people. Through the structure of a critical consciousness of the people who wake up in synergy with political society will certainly encourage the growth of democracy for the nation.
K. Reform in Indonesia
Reform means rebuild / align the form of one thing into better shape. Taufik Abdullah presents three dimensions of reform: 1. Repairs on all deviations that occurred. 2. Removal of all the factors that allow deviations that occur. 3. Laying a new foundation for the life of the state. In the political field, is identical to the democratization reforms. Suharto developed a political format non - democratic scaled in three major objectives: 1. Thus reducing the power concentrated in the hands of the president. 2. Restore a sense of mutual trust among citizens or between citizens of States in the country. 3. Performance creates a transparent and accountable politics to the people. To support the goals of reform, the most important thing is to reform the bureaucracy. In other words to the class sided with the bureaucracy that dominates the particulars. Reform is defined as a radical change for improvement in various fields in a society / country. Thus the reform of the bureaucracy is a radical change in a country's governance system. As in Weber pointed out, a hallmark of democracy, are: 1. A variety of regular activities that need to achieve the goals of the organization distributed in a way that standard as an official duty. 2. Office organization follows the principle of hierarchy, ie each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher office. 3. Bureaucratic operations carried out through a system of abstract rules that are consistent and consists of the application of this rule on specific cases. 4. The ideal officer to run his office by impersonalitas formalistic without excitement and therefore without enthusiasm / affection. Hegel argues that bureaucracy is a medium can be in use to connect the particular interests with the interests of the general (common) Karl Max looked at the bureaucracy in terms of class struggle, the crisis of capitalism, and the development of communism. According to Rishwanda Imawan, the reform movement should be supported by: 1. Recognition of law (law enforcement) 2. Government activity is predictable (can be foreseen) 3. Transparency of political processes 4. Accountability of the ruling elite 5. Increased rationality of community members Thus, the goals and ideals - ideals of Indonesia can be achieved.
ii. Second Layer Organ (institution - as the Constitution of the State Agency) - Minister of State - Armed Forces of Indonesia - State Police - The Judicial Commission - General Discrimination Commission - Central Bank iii. Third Layer Organ (Institute - Regional Institutions) - Provincial Government - Governor - Provincial Parliament - Local Government District - Regent - Regency - Urban Governance - Mayor - City Legislature