Political System of Pakistan

Submitted By: Ahmed Hassan 08-0108

Contents
Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Literature Review: ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Research Methodology: .............................................................................................................................. 10 Methodological Design ............................................................................................................................... 11 QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................... 12 Graphical Representation: ........................................................................................................................... 16 Spss Results: ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................................. 29 References:.................................................................................................................................................. 29

Dedication

I want to dedicate this project to all my parents, teachers who grow up at this level. I want to dedicate this project to my teacher Mr. Khalilullah Awan who really worked hard to make myself good in Statistics.

Acknowledgement:

After thanking Allah S.W.T, I dedicate this project to my Parents, teachers and friends who are always well wishers of me and thanks for their prayer. I am also, specially thankful to my most valuable teacher Dr Mazhar Hussain who helped me a lot in this project and made statistic such a difficult course easily understandable for me.

Abstract:
This project of statistical inference was my first practical exposure toward understanding of Statics in Practical life. In this project I have discussed political system in Pakistan. I have studied political system in Pakistan and studied a survey in Gallup and then I conducted my own survey and then analyzed our self political system in Pakistan. Finally I found the general view of Public on Political System in Pakistan.

Literature Review:
A survey was done by Gallup Pakistan. This survey includes different questions to judge view people in Pakistan, there voting behavior, and education level. The result was that 95% of people who are voting are not graduates even 72% are blow middle level. Huge numbers of vote casted are party loyal. Majority people who are casting vote believe in political system. Most of people believe that prime minister should have more power compare to President. There was a discussion that seven type of voters exist in Pakistan Party Loyals, Morality Seeking Voters, Patron Seeking Voters, Legislation Minded Voters, Development Seeking Voters, Biradari Bound, and Skeptic Voters. Through this survey we understood that election cant be fair in Pakistan as loyalties work more than eligibility. According to new law there is no flooring for education which means a metric passed person can be minister. Many people believe that there is major role of army and the biases woks more than willing of common people. A few but very well educated majority in Pakistan that Muslims should get back toward Caliphate system. Some of the critics wrote that political system in Pakistan dont work as they believe this country experienced more progress in the times of dictators then in era democratic.

Introduction:

At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The President is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments. The country offers a multi-party system, with numerous parties. Frequently, no single party holds a majority, and therefore parties must form alliances during or after elections, with coalition governments forming out of negotiations between parties. The Parliament of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly consists of 342 Seats including 60 seats reserved for Women and 10 Seats reserved for Non-Muslims. The Senate consists of 100 Members including 17 Seats reserved for Women and 17 Seats reserved for Technocrats and Ulema. The Members of the National Assembly are elected for a term of 5 years whereas the Members of the Senate are elected for a term of 6 years with staggered elections every 3 years.

Election Commission of Pakistan

The Election Commission of Pakistan is an independent and autonomous constitutional body charged with the function of conducting transparent, free, fair and impartial elections to the National and Provincial Assemblies. The holding of elections to the office of the President and the Senate are, however, the functions of the Chief Election Commissioner. Under the existing laws the conduct of Local Government Elections is also the responsibility of the Chief Election Commissioner. Under the Election Commission Order, 2002 (Chief Executive's Order No.1 of 2002), the Election Commission consists of the Chairman (Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan) and four Members each drawn from the sitting judges of the High Courts of their respective Provinces. All the executive authorities in the Federation and in the provinces are constitutionally duty bound to assist the Chief Election Commissioner and the Election Commission in the discharge of his or its functions.

No Executive Interference:
The Election Commission of Pakistan enjoys full financial and administrative autonomy and works independently of all government control. The Election Commission performs its functions without interference of the executive. The Election Schedule for the conduct of General Elections as well as for the bye-elections is decided by the Election Commission or, as the case may be, by the Chief Election Commissioner.

The preparation of polling schemes, the appointment of polling personnel, assignments of voters and arrangements for the maintenance of law and order are under the control, supervision and directions of the Election Commission. The Supreme Court of Pakistan in its judgment reported as Election Commission of Pakistan (PLD 1989 SC 396) held that in election matters the Election Tribunals appointed by the Chief Election Commissioner have exclusive jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of all courts in such matters was excluded. However, this is subject to an exception that where no legal remedy is available to an aggrieved party during the process of election or after its completion, against an order of an election functionary which is patently illegal/without jurisdiction and the effect of which is to disfranchise a candidate, he can press into service Constitutional jurisdiction of the High Court. The Supreme Court of Pakistan has since then consistently followed this judgment. Transaction of Business The Commission transacts its business by holding meetings. All members of the Election Commission have equal status and say in the decisions of the Commission.

Judicial Review:
Judicial Review of the decisions of the Election Commission can be sought in the High Court and the Supreme Court of Pakistan if the order suffers from a jurisdictional defect or is mala fide or Coram non judicial.

Budget and Expenditure

The Budget of the Election Commission is provided by the Federal Government. Any reappropriation within the sanctioned Budget can be done by the Chief Election Commissioner without making any reference to the Finance Division. Funds required for preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of General Elections and bye-elections are provided in lump sum by the Finance Division according to the requirements of the Election Commission. Further distribution of funds to the various functionaries is done with the approval of the Chief Election Commissioner.

Research Methodology:
This project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools. 1. Research Problem Statement: How many people in Pakistan are satisfied with the current political system? 2. Research objective: How many people vote in Pakistan? How many people are satisfied with this political system? How many people support democracy? How many people support dictatorship?

3. Research field: Spss 16 and Microsoft Excel 2007 4. Independent variable Qualification of sample population is independent variable because the knowledge of political issues is dependent on the qualification. 5. Dependent variable Number of targeted population is satisfied with the current working role of Political System or not?

Methodological Design
1. Research type and general goal

The proposed research is applied, descriptive, experimental and longitudinal. The proposed research is developed from quantitative point of view. 2. Population and sample

The population of the proposed research is formed by 100 samples 3. Methods and Techniques In this research we used only questionnaires which comprises of 18 questions regarding the Political system of Pakistan.

QUESTIONNAIRE Political System in Pakistan

Age ______________ Occupation_________ 1. Are you interested in politics? Yes No Gender _______________ Qualification____________

2. Do you cast the vote? Yes No

3. How many time do you caste vote? 1 2 3 4 Other________

4. Was the presiding officer and his staff helpful or cooperative? Yes No Neutral

5. Is there any secrecy for your vote caste?

Yes No Neutral

6. Do you enjoy full freedom in casting your vote? Yes No Neutral

7. Are you satisfied with the working role of Election commission of Pakistan? Yes No

8. Do you think that the current political system is fair enough? Yes No

9. Do you there is any transparency in current political system? Yes No Dont know

10. What are the loopholes in the current political system? Corruption Biasness Political interference Laws and regulations of Election Commission

11. Do you think electronic/computerized voting system is more transparent then current balloting system? 12. Yes No Dont know

Is electronic/computerized voting system is applicable in Pakistan?

Yes No Dont know May be

13. What is the motivational force behind your casting of vote? Parents Caste System Favorite political party Favorite politician

14. What is the reason behind low vote cast in Pakistan? Disbelief in political system Disbelief in political parties Illiteracy Extremism

15. Which were the fairest elections in history of Pakistan?

1988 1990 1993 1997 2002 2008 Other____________

16. Are you in favor of democracy? Yes No Neutral

17. Are you in favor of dictatorship? Yes No Neutral

18. Do you want to suggest anything for improvement?

_______________________________________________________________________

Graphical Representation:
1. Are you interested in politics?

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Yes No

2. Do you caste the vote?

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Male Female

3. Are you satisfied with the working role of Election commission of Pakistan?
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Male Female

4. Are you in favor of Democracy?

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Male Female

5. Are you in favor of Dictatorship?

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Netural Male Female

Spss Results:
Regression
Notes Output Created Comments Input Data C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File DataSet1 <none> <none> <none> 101 28-Nov-2011 15:24:02

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on cases with no missing values for any variable used.

Syntax

REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT Q7 /METHOD=ENTER Q2.

Resources

Processor Time Elapsed Time Memory Required Additional Memory Required for Residual Plots

00:00:00.000 00:00:00.000 1452 bytes 0 bytes

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Qualification

a

Variables Removed Method . Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: Dictatorship

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .045

a

Std. Error of the Estimate .64607

R Square .002

Square -.008

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification

ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares .084 40.906 40.990 df

Mean Square 1 98 99 .084 .417

F .202

Sig. .654
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification b. Dependent Variable: Dictatorship

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Qualification a. Dependent Variable: Dictatorship B 2.094 -.068 Std. Error .198 .151 -.045 Coefficients Beta t 10.556 -.449 Sig. .000 .654

Regression
Notes Output Created Comments Input Data C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File DataSet1 <none> <none> <none> 101 28-Nov-2011 15:23:41

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on cases with no missing values for any variable used.

Syntax

REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT Q6 /METHOD=ENTER Q2.

Resources

Processor Time Elapsed Time Memory Required Additional Memory Required for Residual Plots

00:00:00.109 00:00:00.063 1452 bytes 0 bytes

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Qualification

a

Variables Removed Method . Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: Democracy

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .175

a

Std. Error of the Estimate

R Square .031

Square .021

.77034

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification

ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares 1.844 58.156 60.000 df

Mean Square 1 98 99 1.844 .593

F 3.108

Sig. .081
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification b. Dependent Variable: Democracy

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Qualification a. Dependent Variable: Democracy B 1.406 .318 Std. Error .237 .180 .175 Coefficients Beta t 5.942 1.763 Sig. .000 .081

Regression
Notes Output Created Comments Input Data C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File DataSet1 <none> <none> <none> 101 28-Nov-2011 15:23:23

Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on cases with no missing values for any variable used.

Syntax

REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT Q5 /METHOD=ENTER Q2.

Resources

Processor Time Elapsed Time Memory Required Additional Memory Required for Residual Plots

00:00:00.047 00:00:00.031 1452 bytes 0 bytes

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Qualification

a

Variables Removed Method . Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: Working Role of Election Comission

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .020

a

Std. Error of the Estimate .38801

R Square .000

Square -.010

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .020

a

Std. Error of the Estimate .38801

R Square .000

Square -.010

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification

ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares .006 14.754 14.760 df

Mean Square 1 98 99 .006 .151

F .037

Sig. .847
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification b. Dependent Variable: Working Role of Election Comission

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Qualification B 1.798 .018 Std. Error .119 .091 .020 Coefficients Beta t 15.092 .193 Sig. .000 .847

a. Dependent Variable: Working Role of Election Comission

Regression
Notes Output Created Comments Input Data C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav Active Dataset DataSet1 28-Nov-2011 15:23:01

Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing

<none> <none> <none> 101 User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on cases with no missing values for any variable used.

Syntax

REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT Q4 /METHOD=ENTER Q2.

Resources

Processor Time Elapsed Time Memory Required Additional Memory Required for Residual Plots

00:00:00.016 00:00:00.021 1452 bytes 0 bytes

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Qualification

a

Variables Removed Method . Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: Caste of Vote

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .088

a

Std. Error of the Estimate .49492

R Square .008

Square -.002

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification

ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares .186 24.004 24.190 df

Mean Square 1 98 99 .186 .245

F .758

Sig. .386
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification b. Dependent Variable: Caste of Vote

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Qualification B 1.465 .101 Std. Error .152 .116 .088 Coefficients Beta t 9.639 .871 Sig. .000 .386

a. Dependent Variable: Caste of Vote

Regression
Notes Output Created Comments Input Data C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav Active Dataset DataSet1 28-Nov-2011 15:22:30

Filter Weight Split File N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing

<none> <none> <none> 101 User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on cases with no missing values for any variable used.

Syntax

REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT Q3 /METHOD=ENTER Q2.

Resources

Processor Time Elapsed Time Memory Required Additional Memory Required for Residual Plots

00:00:00.015 00:00:00.017 1452 bytes 0 bytes

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Windows 7\Desktop\New folder\Political.sav

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Qualification

a

Variables Removed Method . Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: Interested In Politics

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .060

a

Std. Error of the Estimate .50326

R Square .004

Square -.007

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification

ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares .090 24.820 24.910 df

Mean Square 1 98 99 .090 .253

F .355

Sig. .553
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), Qualification b. Dependent Variable: Interested In Politics

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Qualification B 1.443 .070 Std. Error .155 .118 .060 Coefficients Beta t 9.337 .596 Sig. .000 .553

a. Dependent Variable: Interested In Politics

Conclusion:
After conducting whole survey we found that educated class in Pakistan have a very low confidence in on political system. The survey done by Gallup was in general and they found that most people believe but the people they surveyed are most under middle and the people we survey are mostly above metric so our finding is that educated class in Pakistan disbelieve in Political system in Pakistan however uneducated class somehow believe in. Another important finding that comes in observation is that situation is highly changed in past three and half years. Initially they thought that democracy might solve their problems but now they once again lose their confidence on political system.

References:
Gallup Survey, http://www.gallup.com.pk/Polls/10-3-08.pdf , visited on 12 November,2011.