Universidad I n s t i t u t o rea

Autnoma d e

del

E s t a d o d e l a

de

Hidalgo S a l u d

C i e n c i a s de

Acadmica

Odontologa

Use of Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

Roberto Carlos Rodrguez Torres

Form
Positive Negative Question Have I spoken? I / you / we / I have spoken. I have not they spoken. he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken.

Has he spoken?

Grammar
The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present.

Use
Puts emphasis on the result. Action that is still going on.
Example: She has written five letters. Example: School has not started yet. Example: She has cooked dinner. Example: I have lost my key.

Action that stopped recently.

Finished action that has an influence on the present.

Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking.
Example: I have never been to Australia.

Rules
For irregular verbs, use the participle form. For regular verbs, just add ed. List of irregular verbs
Exceptions in spelling when adding ed After a final e only add d love loved Example

Final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or/as final consonant after a vowel is doubled. Final y after a consonant becomes i.

admit admitted travel travelled

hurry hurried

Present Perfect Continuous

Form
Positive
I / you / we / they he / she / it I have been speaking. He has been speaking.

Negative
I have not been speaking. He has not been speaking.

Question
Have I been speaking? Has he been speaking?

Grammar
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

Use
Puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result).
Example: She has been writing for two hours.

Pction that recently stopped or is still going on.

Example: I have been living here since 2001.

Finished action that influenced the present.

Example: I have been working all afternoon.

Rules
Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example come coming (but: agree agreeing) sit sitting

As final consonant after a vowel travel travelling is doubled. Final ie becomes y. lie lying

Located irregular verbs

A B C D R H A J I U W O S F A I E B K P S E E S K A P F T D W T B B N S E E D L G X K J U K J Y N T A X S C B E T T

E
F G H

F
V B J

B
R E W

E
H F D

G
E W T

O
D C F

T
L I K

T
Q A Q

E
B I K

N
E B G

S
N E V

O
T R

G
R E E

D
V F B

E
D T X

S
D g H

O
G H H

A
V N B

L
D F O

I
Q E R

G
G B N

H
J Y H

T
W B E

L
O E P

H
U E J

D
F N N

P
O L

D
W S W

T
N Y M

R
T Y U

A
E R

D
T G

Q
T R

B
S O

E
P W

D
J N

E
G R

N
R V

Q
W A

K
O P

G
H M

I
K U

S
Q Z

U
L U

I
H D

Located regular verbs

A V T W C B Y A C G U E E F A N P E D V T R D E Q W Q H W P S S E L V A E A F N R Y H N T E D O Y D G Y U Q H G A P P E

S
V A M

L
L O W

V
M V K

A
L Y S

F
M W K

A
P T G

D
P O W

M
D E Q

I
R X W

R
H C E

E
K A R

W
K D T

F
C M Y

C
C I U

A
R T I

U
S E M

F
W G W

G
T J K

E
U A S

J
N F K

S
K F G

V
G O W

E
W R Q

S
Q D W

I
K P E

V
G D R

D
W R T

A
Q H Y

D
W K U

O
E K I

P
M E

D
W G

P
K A

D
S L

R
K E

H
G R

K
W T

K
Q P

A
W D

A
E P

G
R D

R
T R

E
Y H

E
U K

F
I K