Country Safeguard Systems Regional Workshop: Towards Common Approaches and Better Results 19 April 2012

Emerging Experience with REDD+ E i E i ith REDD g g g Safeguards and Engagement with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities
DavidMcCauley D id M C l Head,ClimateChangeProgramCoordinationUnit AsianDevelopmentBank
The views in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the government they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

PresentationOutline
LandUseandForestsinGreenhouseGasMitigation L dU dF t i G h G Miti ti EmergingREDD+SupportMechanismsandInstitutions REDD+SafeguardsintheUNFCCCCancunAgreements S f d i h U CCC C A SafeguardsinMultilateralREDD+FinancingMechanisms SafeguardsObservationsoftheREDD+Partnership SafeguardsintheVoluntaryCarbonMarket FCPFSafeguardsADBWBSubstantialEquivalenceExercise KeyFCPFREDD+SafeguardElements FIPDedicatedGrantMechanismforIndigenousPeoples& LocalCommunities SummaryandConclusions

EvolvingAttentiontoLandUseand ForestsinMitigatingClimateChange i ii i li h
LandUseandForestsasCO2Source Recognizedas majorcontributor,1520%ofglobalGHGemissions Aff Afforestation/ReforestationinCleanDevelopment i /R f i i Cl D l Mechanism Alreadysomeforestactionsundercarbon markets;ADB2carbonfunds,followADBsafeguards markets; ADB 2 carbon funds follow ADB safeguards ExpandingREDD+SupportMechanisms Aimingfor developmentofaglobalforestcarbonmarket,beginning development of a global forest carbon market beginning withreadinessactivities(includingsafeguards) Voluntary Carbon Market Beginning shape of private VoluntaryCarbonMarket Beginningshapeofprivate carbonmarkets,someofwhichincludesafeguards

InternationalREDD+SupportInstitutions
GCF? Payments Performance-based

FCPF Carbon Fund Bilaterals: Norway, Australia

Operations
Capacity,Reforms &Investments &I

FIP, UN-REDD, FCPF, GEF Bilaterals: Norway, UK, US

Institution strengthening Forest governance and information Sustainable forest management Investments outside forest sector

Readiness
FCPF Readiness Fund, UN-REDD, GEF

Diagnostic Reference Scenario REDD Strategy Monitoring System

REDD+SafeguardsintheCancunAgreements
...thefollowingsafeguardsshouldbepromotedandsupported: h f ll i f d h ld b d d d ..nationalforestprogrammesandrelevantinternationalconventionsand agreements; ...nationallegislationandsovereignty; Respectfortheknowledgeandrightsofindigenouspeoplesandmembersof localcommunities,bytakingintoaccountrelevantinternationalobligations, local communities, by taking into account relevant international obligations, nationalcircumstancesandlaws,andnotingthattheUnitedNationsGeneral AssemblyhasadoptedtheUnitedNationsDeclarationontheRightsof IndigenousPeoples; g p ; Fullandeffectiveparticipationofrelevantstakeholders,inparticular, indigenouspeoplesandlocalcommunities...; ...conservationofnaturalforestsandbiologicaldiversity,ensuringthatactions... conservation of natural forests and biological diversity ensuring that actions arenotusedfortheconversionofnaturalforests,butareinsteadusedto incentivizetheprotectionandconservationofnaturalforestsandtheir ecosystemservices,andtoenhanceothersocialandenvironmentalbenefits; ecosystem services and to enhance other social and environmental benefits; ...addresstherisksofreversals; ...reducedisplacementofemissions.(Annex1)

WhatDoREDD+SafeguardsInclude?
T diti TraditionalDefinition E i l D fi iti Environmentalimpacts, li involuntaryresettlement,indigenouspeoplesrights, naturalresourcessustainability,etc natural resources sustainability etc Communications Transparencyandtimelinessof informationdissemination i f ti di i ti Consultations Stakeholderandcivilsociety engagementmechanisms,includingFreePriorand t h i i l di F Pi d InformedConsent(FPIC) G d E Gender Ensuringdueattentiontogenderissues i d i d i EnvironmentalIntegrity Leakageandadditional concerns,riskofdisplacement GrievanceRedress Accountabilitymechanism.

Example:SafeguardConsiderationsof ForestCarbonPartnershipFacility(FCPF) Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)

FCPFEnvironmentalandSocialApproach pp StrategicEnvironmentalandSocial Assessment(SESA passedbyWBBoard) Assessment (SESA passed by WB Board) StakeholderEngagementinREDD+Readiness DisclosureofInformation Dispute Resolution Including Recourse DisputeResolution,IncludingRecourse
Moreinfo: http://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/fcp/node/310

REDD+PartnershipSafeguardObservations
Cost/capacityconstraints Implementingsafeguard systemsiscostlywithcapacitiesnotalwaysinplace(so existingsafeguardsystemsarenotalwaysimplemented) Diverselandscape Recognizediversityofnationaland internationalsafeguardsystems Buildonexistingsystems Ratherthandevelopnew systemsandindicators,recommendtouseandcombine existingsystems L Learning Add i Addressingsafeguardsandproviding i f d d idi informationonthemisacontinuouslearningprocess E Engagement E l t k h ld t Earlystakeholderparticipationleadsto ti i ti l d t increasedconfidenceandcreateslongtermbenefits

MultilateralREDD+SupportMechanisms: SafeguardApproaches Safeguard Approaches

FIP (1)MDBSafeguardPolicies;(2)DedicatedGrant MechanismforIndigenousPeoplesandLocalCommunities Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities FCPF (1)SocialandEnvironmentalApproachPaper2011; ( ) (2)SubstantialEquivalenceforDeliveryPartners q y UNREDD (1)DraftFrameworkforSharingApproacheson BetterMultiStakeholderParticipationPractices;(2)UNREDD ProgrammeGuidelinesonFree,PriorandInformedConsent (FPIC);(3)REDD+BenefitSharing:ComparativeAssessmentof 3NationalPolicyApproaches 3 National Policy Approaches GEF/SFM (1)GEFAgencySafeguardPolicies;(2)2011GEF PolicyonEnvironmentalandSocialSafeguards;(3)2011Policy y g ;( ) y onGenderMainstreaming GCF (2013) DirectAccessREDD+(usingcountrysystems?)

FCPFSafeguards: ADBWB Substantial Equivalence Exercise ADB WBSubstantialEquivalenceExercise

Material Elements Environmental Assessment Natural Habitats Forests Involuntary Resettlement Indigenous Peoples Physical & Cultural Resources Other Accountability, Dispute Resolution, & Redress Mechanisms ADB
SafeguardPolicy Statement,July 2009(SPS) Operational O ti l Manualand BankProcedure, March2010 (OMF1) TheBanks Policyon Policy on Forestry,ADB, 1995

WB
OP4.01 Environmental Assessment++ OP/BP4.04 NaturalHabitats+ OP/BP4.36 Forests, OP/BP4.12 OP/BP 4 12 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP4.11 PhysicalCultural Resources

SafeguardsintheVoluntaryCarbonMarket
Voluntary y Standard Poverty y Alleviation Biodiversity y Protection Sustainable GHG Monitoring g Mgtof Assessment &Reporting Forests Certification Procedures

CCBA CCBAREDD+ S&E GCS VCS FSC PEFC CarbonFix PlanVivo SocialCarbon

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + +

Source: Merger et al (2011) www mdpi com/1999 4907/2/2/550/pdf Merger, et. al. (2011), www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/2/2/550/pdf

Only 3 of 9 voluntary standards have social and environmental criteria. Comprehensive coverage needs to be improved. 19 projects from Asia and Pacific gaining experience.

FIPDedicatedGrantMechanismfor IndigenousPeoplesandLocalCommunities Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities

Ownership and joint decisionmaking by Ownershipandjointdecision makingby indigenouspeoplesandlocalcommunities Partnership and collaboration among MDBs PartnershipandcollaborationamongMDBs leadMDBforeachcountryandglobalprogram T Transparencyandaccountabilityindecision d bili i d i i makingprocesses Flexibility,efficiencyandadministrativeclarity $ Global=$50M Indonesia=$6.5M;LaoPDR=$4.5M

SummaryandConclusions y
Climate change finance is growing rapidly Climatechangefinanceisgrowingrapidly mustcontendwithsafeguardsadequacy REDD REDD+mechanismsgoodindicator weak h i d i di k attentiontocountrysystems Pattern:establishingglobalnorms/standards relyingonexistingsystemsandinstitutions relying on existing systems and institutions GreenClimateFundwilllargelysetthefuture safeguardstone i l di f di f d includingfordirectaccess