this case, no circuit will be overloaded as the difference is only 0 .4 A .

But if the load is c o m p u t e d using the low cost Normal Power Factor ballasts like the Ballast s h o w n on the result

"D"

(NPF) Table 4.2,

p o w e r factor 4 0 w , 2 2 0 v ballasted fluorescent l a m p displaying a n a m e p l a t e c urre n t of a b o u t 0 . 4 3 A is actually d r a w in g even m o r e than twice as c o m p a r e d to the nominal 4 0 w! T h is n o w brings to highlight the common

95 volt-amp eres,

would have been entirely different as follows:

error of "watts divided by voltage" to obtain the current in amperes. 4.4.1: SIDEBAR: LAMP TUBE DIAMETERS

Total Current is: 0.85 A x 1 2 x 2 = 20.4 A Total Power in Volt-Amperes = 20.4 x 120 or 2,448 Volt-Amperes

if the total load of these luminaires Is computed based on the nominal lamp wattage, the total lamp wattage is 960 watts with load current o f only 8.0 A. I f
As previously s h o w n , compared with 2 , 4 4 8 v o l t - a m p e r e s at a current r a w of 2 0 . 4A, that's a lot of difference of 55%! T h a t ' s m o r e than double! N ow , if the current d r a w n is 2 0 . 4 A, it will surely overload a 1 5 A branch circuit. In fact the 2 0 .4 A is too m u c h for a 2 0 A branch circuit especially if the load is continuous. T h e r e f o r e , in t e r m s of input d e m a n d d r a w n ;

inch principle"

T h e lighting in d us try uses the as a simple rule of t h u m b to identify the d i a m e t e r of a la m p (light bulb or tube). For e x a m p l e : a T5 fluorescent tu b e is

"8's o f an

ballast losses) consumption, harmonics & displacement power factors m u s t be taken into consideration. manufacturers package these factors "all
in the " line current" ratings of the ballasts. terms of p o w e r d e m a n d , the v o l t - a m p e r e s encompass all w h e n the vo lta g e and the current are multiplied. It m e a n s then that te c o m m o n l y available low cost, normal h

5/8 inch in diameter. A T8 fluorescent tube is 8/8" or 1 inch in d i a m e t e r . A T 12 tube is 12/8" or V h inch in d ia m e te r. In c a n d e s c e n t la m ps follow the s a m e principle. A FAR38 la m p is 38/8" or 4% inches in d ia m e te r. An R30 lamp is 30/8" or 3 3 inches in dia m e te r. / 4 A

T b 4.1: LINE CURRENTS OF 220V, 60 a le

TYPE BTA 15W BTA 18W

Hz FLUORESCENT LIGHTING INDUCTIVE

M A IN S CURRENT 0.34 POW ER FACTO R 0.30

N U M B E R O F LAM PS PER B A L L A S T 1 x ' L 'D 15W T

1 x 'TL'D (U) 18W 0.37 0.41 1 x 'TL' 20W 0.37 0.41 BTA 30W 2 x 'TL' D15W 0.34 0.47 1 x ' T L D 30W ' 0.36 0.45 1 X 'TL' 30W 0.41 0.40 BTA 36W 2 x T L'D 18W /TL 20W ' 0.37 0.50 1 x ' L ' D36W/TL 40W T 0.43 0.48 1 x 'TL' D38W 0.43 0.47 BTA 58W 1 x 'TL'D(U) 58W 0.67 0.50 1 x T L ' 65W ' 0.67 0.50 Note that other manufacturers could have different ballast line currents because power factor correction may have been builtin as In high power factor (HPF) ballasts. It's worthwhile to mention that normal power factor (NPF) ballasts common in Philippine market with reputable European makes display in their nameplates the following: a) 20W: 0.37 A at 220 V, 60 Hz, 3 5 % pf; b) 40W: 0.43 A at 220 V, 60 HZ, 5 3 % pf

4-5 cseeps international e design practices: commercial & industrial complexes

Table 4.2:

VARIOUS LINE CURRENTS, VOLT-AMPERES, NOMINAL WATTAGES & POWER FACTORS FOR VARIOUS SINGLE LAMP FLUORESCENT BALLASTS
L in e L in e L in e V o l t AMPERES 42 54 L a m p N o m in a l W attag e 40 40 40 40 Ba lla st P o w er Facto r 0 .9 5 0 .74 0 .6 1 0 .3 9

B a lla st

V o lta g e Cu rren t 120V 0 . 35 A 120 V 0.45 120V 66 0.55 C 120 V 102 D 0.85 NOTES: * T h e se v a lu e s are taken from actual b a lla sts m a n u fa ctu re rs' data. * For two-lamp b allasts double the v a lu e s In this table.

a r r a n g e m e n t of la m p s, starters and b a lla sts

s i n g l e tu b e w ith s t a r t e r

itu b e power (W )(1) 18 36 58

20 40 65
2 X 1 8

pow er c u r r e n t ( A ) at 220V/240 V c o n s u m e d P F not electronic (W) c o r r e c t e d c o r r e c t e d b a llast 0 .37 0.19 27

45 0 .4 3

tu b e le n g th (c m ) 60

s i n g l e t u b e w ith o u t s t a r t e r (2 ) w ith e x t e r n a l s t a rting strip tw in t u b e s w ith s t a r t e r

69 33 5 4 8

0.67 0.41 1
0 .4 5 0 .8 0

0 .2 4 0.37
0.21 0.26
1

120
i v

150 60

120
150 60 120
150

2 x 36
twin tu b e s without starter s in g le t u b e w ith h ig h f r e q u e n c y b a lla s t 5 0 c o s 0 = 0 .9 6 twin t u b e s with h i g h 2 x 32 fre q u e n c y b a lla st 2 x 50 c o s o = 0 .9 6

5
9

5
0

0
0

. 2
. 4
. 7 . 4

7
6
2 9

2 x 58 2 x 40

1
1

3
0

8
8

0 0

120
0.16

5
7

6
2

1 2 0
150
i

0.33 2
0 .5 0

120
150

Table 4.4: POWER & CURRENT DEMANDS OF EUROPEAN-MADE COMPACT FLUORESENT LAMPS (CFL) type of lam p lam p power power consum ed (W) 9 globe lamps with 9 integral ballast 13 13 cos o = 0.5 ( 1) 18 18 25 25 9 electronic lamps cos 0 = 0.95 (1) 11 1 5 1 5 20 20 lamps with type 1 0 5 starter single 11 7 only "U " form 9 1 3 incorporated co s 0 = 0.35 1 1 15 (no ballast) 10 15 double 13 18 "U" form 23 18 co s 0 = 0.45 26 31

current at 220/240 V (A) 0.090 0 . 115 0.160 0.205 0.070 0.090 0 . 135 0 .1 5 5 0 . 185 0.175 0 . 170 0.155 0.190 0.16 5 0.220 0.315

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design practices: commercial St industrial complexes

4.4.2: HID BALLASTS LINE CURRENTS

Lifted from a lighting catalog, (see 4 .5 & 4 . 6 ) ; the listing the ne currents of inductive (m agnetic) ballasts l i or H I D luminaires m a y help in sizing loads for a circuit. Note that other m a n u fa c tu re r s ' catalogs m a y have featured lower ballast line currents because p o w e r factor correction m a y

Tables

(B/A/G Electronics)

have been built-in for which t h e y n o r m a l l y carry elevated prices. To augment this discussion, 4 ,1 4 .4 are lifted from IEC INSTALLATION GUIDE h a n d b o o k , s h o w in g line currents for both normal and high p o w e r factor E u r o p e a n - m a d e ballasts.

Tables

61

Table 4.5: LIN E CURRENTS OF NPF

La m p N o m i n a l Po w e r 35W 5OW 70W 100W 150W 250W 400W 600W 1000W E 27 E 27 E 27 E 40 E 40 E 40 E 40 E 40 E 40 Socket

&

HPF INDUCTIVE BALLASTS; 220V , 60 HZ,

L in e C u r r e n t (A mps) @ N o r m a l PF 0.53 0.76 C a p a c it o r s S u p p l ie d ( u F) 5 8 10 10 16 25 40 55 85
if

FOR HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM VAPOR (HS) fit METAL HALIDE LAMPS (H I) Make: B/A/G ELECTRONICS, Model: HI/HS _____ _________
N o r m al Po w er Fa c to r 0.41 036 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 C o m pensated L in e C u r r e n t (A mps) 0.23 0.31 0.40 0.57 0.80 1.35 2.00 3.00 5.30

1.00
1.20 1.80 3.00 4.45 6.20 10.3

SIDEBAR:
* The above table is lifted from B/A/G ELECTRONICS Publications, Note the line currents of ballasts at Nonna! Power Factor (NPF) at Compensated Power Factor (HPF). Note also the size of capacitors required for such compensation.

and

- For Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL), it is best to refer to technical catalogs especially the line currents. If Electronics Ballasts are to be used in the installation, suitable catalog must be referred to,________________ ___________

Table4.6: LINE CURRENTS OF NPF & HPF INDUCTIVE BALLASTS, 220V, 60 HZ, HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY (HM) & METAL HALIDE (H I) LAMPS Make: B/A/G ELECTRONICS, Model: HM/HI
Lam p N o m in a l Po w e r Socket Po w e r Fa c t o r Li n e C urrent 0.61 0.80 1.15 2,15 3.50 7.50 C a p a c it o r s if S u p p l i e d ( uF) 6 7 10 15 30 50 C o m pen sated Lin e A mps 0.28 0.43 0.65 1.30 1.81 5.00

50W E 27 0.44 80W E 27 0.51 125W E 27 0,57 250W E 40 0.58 0.56 400W E 40 1000W 0.63 E 40 The above table is lifted from B/A/G ELECTRONICS Publications.

industrial ,

High Intensity Discharge (HID)

Lum inaires they are

and

m a n u fa ctu rin g

plant

s are c o m m o n lighting installations aside the Fluorescent Luminaires. H I D lamps

mercury vapor (MV) & metal halide

H i g h - I n t e n s i t y Discharge require ballasts. Because

ballasted, the calculated load must be based on the ampere rating of the units. T h i s is so because while the t a n d e m of lamp & ballast c o n s u m e s watts, the inductive p o w e r factor and the h a r m o n i c s distortion occurring in the ballast itself have to be taken into account.

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