Sources of Information on Natural Gas Supply, Demand & Prices

(in addition to www.aga.org/supplyandprices)

Short Term
Supply/Demand/Prices Every month, the U.S. Energy Information Administration publishes a snapshot of supply, demand and prices for natural gas, electricity, petroleum and propane. To read EIAs Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is typically posted on the EIA website around the 6th, 7th or 8th of each month, go to: www.eia.doe.gov/steo Production Short-term solutions to the natural gas supply crunch are limited. They include 1. Increased production: Contact the Natural Gas Supply Association (www.ngsa.org) and the Independent Petroleum Association of America (www.ipaa.org) for the perspective of the nations 8,000+ natural gas producers. 2. Increased imports of natural gas in a liquefied form. To learn more about LNG, consult the American Gas Associations Fact Sheet at, http://www.aga.org/NR/exeres/B004CBE9-13C4-4CBF-89277D2C70455EAE.htm?NRMODE=Unpublished&wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpubli shed. Low-Income Energy Assistance Low-income customers are hardest-hit by rising energy costs. Assistance available to them includes contributions from local fuel fundswhich are often sponsored by local energy utilities in cooperation with social service organizationsand by the federal Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). For more info, contact: 1. 2. 3. National Fuel Funds Network National Energy Assistance Directors Association U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Industrial Demand for Natural Gas Nearly 45 percent of the natural gas consumed in the U.S. is used by manufacturers and others in the industrial sector. To learn more about the impact of energy costs on industries, go to: 1. 2. American Chemistry Council's on natural gas National Association of Manufacturers

Long Term

Natural Gas Outlook to 2020 The choices that federal and state officials make today about natural gas policies will affect the price that customers pay for energy in the future. A new report by the American Gas Foundation analyzed the outlook for natural gas under three alternative policy scenarios, finding that: Failure to act swiftly, decisively and positively on issues such as the construction of liquefied natural gas receiving terminals and an Alaskan gas pipeline, diversifying our electricity generating mix and increasing access to domestic supplies of natural gas would prolong and exacerbate problems affecting natural gas markets and all consumers of natural gas. More information is available at www.gasfoundation.org. Americas Natural Gas Supply Challenge A growing mismatch between natural gas supplies and growing demand will likely result in price increases for the nations 64 million natural gas customers unless concerted action is taken. National Petroleum Council The National Petroleum Council, a panel that advises the U.S. Secretary of Energy on natural gas and oil issues, has issued Balancing Natural Gas Policy - Fueling the Demands of a Growing Economy (2003), a follow-up to its landmark report titledNatural Gas: Meeting the Challenges of the Nations Growing Natural Gas Demand (December 1999). The report described the economic, energy and environmental benefits of using more natural gas, and outlined policy issues that should be addressed in order to achieve those benefits. An update of the NPC report is scheduled to be released in September 2003.

For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation).

Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, with up [1] to 20 % of other hydrocarbons as well as impurities in varying amounts such as carbon dioxide. Natural gas is widely used as an important energy source in many applications including heating buildings, generating electricity, providing heat and power to industry, as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of products such as plasticsand other commercially important organic chemicals. Natural gas is found in deep underground natural rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs, incoal beds, and as methane clathrates. Oil is also another resource found near and with Natural gas. Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenicorganisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is [2][3] created from buried organic material. Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo processing to clean the gas and remove impurities including water in order to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas. The by-

products of processing include ethane,propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphide (which may be converted into pure sulfur), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen. Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal. Typical Composition of Natural Gas Methane Ethane Propane Butane Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen sulphide Rare gases CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 CO2 O2 N2 H2S A, He, Ne, Xe 0-8% 0-0.2% 0-5% 0-5% trace 0-20% 70-90%

Oil and Gas

Natural gas production is at a high level in Pakistan. Estimated reserves are 885.3 billion cubic meters (as of January 2009). Gas fields are expected to last for another 20 years. The Sui gas field is the largest, accounting for 26% of Pakistans gas production. Daily production is 19 million cubic meters a day. Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and the sands of Sindh, there are untouched oil and gas reserves.