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Chap 1-s
Chap 1-s
Chap 1-s
Ergonomics
Ergon Nomus (work) (natural law)
Definition
Ergonomics/Human Factors is a body of knowledge about human abilities, limitations, and other characteristics that are relevant to design.
Definition (cont.)
To apply this knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable, and effective human use.
Human Characteristics
Physical Aspect Psychological Aspect Environmental Aspect Organizational Aspect
General environment Lighting; thermal conditions; noise; vibration Age; Display(s) (artificial) Task output (real display) Control(s) Sensory mechanisms Central processor Effector mechanisms training; motivation; mental and physical workload Workplace design; controls and display design; posture Immediate environment
Feedback Force
E H
B E H M
Simple ergosystems C E M H M M M
H H H M H
(a)
Complex ergosystems
Recycling Waste products Rejects Accidents Matter Energy Information Injuries Absenteeism Heat Recycling (b) By-products H M Products Energy (transformation) Knowledge
Outputs
By-products
Purposes
Health Safety Comfort Ease of learning Ease of use Productivity Quality Satisfaction Pleasant
Top down intervention: Change work organization Change shift system New work roles Job enlargement Task rotation Automate or mechanize process Improve feedback and communication
Task design/redesign
Bottom up intervention: Change the tools Lower the loads Provide job aids Redesign the layout Improve the displays
Scope
Design Principles
Design for easy use Design for comfort Design for safety Design for quality Design for environment friendly Design for assembly Design for serviceability Design for maintenance Design for pleasant feeling
ICT Products
Cell phone Digital camera Web page Software user interface Notebook computer Mouse, trackball Keyboard, keyboard tray
Consumer Products
Cars, motor cycles, bicycles Office furniture-computer table, chairs Home furniture-bed, pillow Appliances-vacuum cleaner Shoes-sport, leisure Personal belongings-tooth brush, pen
Public Facility
Traffic signs MRT Bus Airport Train stations Library Hospital
Hungry?
No End task
Eat sandwich
Yes Begin Prepare work area Wash and dry hands Clean work surface No Work surface clean? Yes Get knives Prepare ingredients Make sandwich Serve sandwich Make another? End