4-Frank Hertz

: 13/03/2012
:20/03/2012

3: (3335)- (3409)

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

Frank - Hertz
,
(Hg).

( )
,
, Franck-Hertz
. A V1
eV ,
.
V3 ,
.
.
Hg.
. : , 1 2
.
.
(1),
1,
1 2, . 2
.
( 1)

2
. . = f(V2)
().
: )
)
.
.

3:
-

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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

(1),
2
.

.
.

.
(1) .
.
.
.

:
1,
M
Franck-Hertz ( 2),
. Hg.

3:
-

.3335
.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

volts ,
.
1 V1 .
2 V3 .
V2 2 1 .

V1=5.150.01V
V3=0.510.01V ( V1,V3 ).

2
2

=(1641)C.
1V ( 0V 30V) V2
.
:

3:
-

.3335
.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

1
18
0.64
T=(1641)oC
19
0.51
V(0.1)V I(0.01nA)
20
0.57
0
0.01
21
0.88
1
0.01
22
1.07
2
0.02
23
0.88
3
0.03
24
0.73
4
0.04
25
0.8
5
0.07
26
1.19
6
0.13
27
1.5
7
0.21
28
1.28
8
0.21
29
1
9
0.2
30
1.06
10
0.23
11
0.38
12
0.55
13
0.48
14
0.38
15
0.39
16
0.58
17
0.75
1 .

3:
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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

,
() . E eV, , ,
1V 1eV.
, :
E1 14.0 9.0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV
E2 20,0 15,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV

E3 24,0 20,0 eV 4,0 0,1 eV

2

2
E j 2 j Vi 2 Vi 0,1eV
Vi

, E :
E

1 3
E j 4.7 0,3 eV
3 j 1

E
3

j 1

Ej

N ( N 1)

0,3

E 4,9eV

E E
E

100 4.08%

, ( ) , E , ,
:

hc(eV ) 12400

2638,3 6,3
E eV
E eV

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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

E
E

hc(eV )
2551
E eV

100 3.4%

! , ,
9V 25V, .!!
M
=(1761)C, .
1V , V2
.
:

2
T=(1761)0C

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

0.12
0.15
0.21
0.21
0.17
0.2
0.31
0.4
0.36
0.31
0.41
0.56
0.64
0.54
0.46
0.55

V(0.1)V I(0.01nA)
0
0.01
1
0.01
2
0.01
3
0.02
4
0.02
5
0.03
6
0.03
7
0.04
8
0.05
9
0.05
10
0.06
11
0.08
12
0.11
13
0.11
14
0.11
2:

3:
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.3409

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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

. , :
E1 14,0 9,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV

E2 19,0 14,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV

E3 24,0 19,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV
E4 29,0 24,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV
2

2
E j 2 j Vi 2 Vi 0,1eV
Vi

, E :
E

1 4
E j 5.0 0,3 eV
4 j 1

E E
4

j 1

N ( N 1)

0,3

E 4,9eV
:

E E
E

100 2.04%

, , ( ), , E ,
, :

hc(eV ) 12400

2480.0 6, 4
E eV
E eV

E
E

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.3409

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

hc(eV )
2551
E eV

, :

100 2.78%

, ,
9V, .
M
=(1871)C, .
1V , V2
.
3:
3
T =( 1871)oC
V

I
0

0.01

17

0.08

0.01

18

0.09

0.01

19

0.09

0.01

20

0.09

0.01

21

0.12

0.02

22

0.14

0.02

23

0.14

0.02

24

0.12

0.03

25

0.12

0.03

26

0.17

10

0.03

27

0.2

11

0.04

28

0.17

12

0.05

29

0.16

13

0.05

30

0.18

14

0.06

15

0.06

16

0.07

3:
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.3409

10

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

3:

3:
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11

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

. , :
E1 24,0 29,0 eV 5,0 0,1 eV
2

2
E j 2 j Vi 2 Vi 0,1eV
Vi

E E
4

j 1

N ( N 1)

0,3

E 4,860eV
E E , :

E E
E

100 2%

, , ( ),, , E ,
, :

hc(eV ) 12400

2480 7,1
E eV
E eV

E
E

hc(eV )
2551
E eV

100 2,8%

3:
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.3409

12

[: 4- FRANK HERTZ]

, ,
( ), Hg .
, , (
),
. ,
,
.
.
Hg .
. 176C

Hg.
=187C
, ( ..
0,120,17 ).

.
, ,

.

3:
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.3409

13