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Production Technology Ch38
Production Technology Ch38
2001 Prentice-Hall
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Chapter 38 Outline
Figure 38.1
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Figure 38.3 General characteristics of three types of production methods: job shop, batch, and mass production.
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Transfer Mechanisms
Figure 38.4 Two types of transfer mechanisms: (a) straight and (b) circular patterns.
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Transfer Line
Figure 38.5 A large transfer line for producing engine blocks and cylinder heads. Source: Ford Motor Company.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 38-8
Figure 38.6 Positions of drilled holes in a workpiece. Three methods of measurements are shown: (a) absolute dimensioning, referenced from one point at the lower left of the part; (b) incremental dimensioning, made sequentially form one hole to another; and (c) mixed dimensioning, a combination of both methods.
Figure 38.7 Schematic illustration of the major components of a numerical-control machine tool.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
2001 Prentice-Hall
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Figure 38.9 (a) Direct measurement of the linear displacement of a machine-tool work table. (b) and (c) Indirect measurement methods.
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Figure 38.12 (a) Schematic illustration of drilling, boring, and milling with various paths. (b) Machining a sculptured surface on a 5-axis numerical control machine. Source: The Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.
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Adaptive Control
Figure 38.13 Schematic illustration of the application of adaptive control (AC) for a turning operation. The system monitors such parameters as cutting foce, torque, and vibrations; if they are excessive, it modifies process variables such as feed and depth of cut to bring them back to acceptable levels.
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Self-Guided Vehicle
Figure 38.16 A self-guided vehicle (Caterpillar Model SGC-M) carrying a machining pallet. The vehiclre is aligned next to a stand on the floor. Instad of following a wire or stripe path on the factory floor, this vehicle calculates its own path and automatically corrects for any deviations. Source: Courtesy of Caterpillar Industrial, Inc.
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End Effectors
Figure 38.18 (a) Various devices and tools attached to end effectors to perform a variety of operations. (b) A system of compensating for misalignment during automated assembly. Source: ATI Industrial Automation.
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Industrial Robots
Figure 38.19 Four types of industrial robots: (a) cartesian (rectilinear), (b) cylindrical, (c) spherical (polar), (d) articulated (revolute, jointed, or anthropomorphic).
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Work Envelopes
Figure 38.20 Work envelopes for three types of robots. The choice depends on the particular application. See also Fig. 38.17.
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Figure 38.21 Spot welding automobile bodies with industrial robots. Source: Courtesy of Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.
Figure 38.22 Sealing joints of an automobile body with an industrial robot. Source: Courtesy of Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.
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Figure 38.23 Automated assembly operations using industrial robots and circular and linear transfer lines.
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Figure 38.24 A toolholder equipped with thrustforce and torque sensors (smart toolholder), capable of continuously monitoring the cutting operation. Such toolholders are necessary for adaptive control of manufacturing operations. (See Section 38.5.) Source: Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.
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Machine-Vision Applications
Figure 38.26 Examples of machine-vision applications. (a) In-line inspection of parts. (b) Identification of parts with various shapes, and inspection and rejection of defective parts. (continued)
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Figure 38.26 (continued) (c) Use of cameras to provide positional input to a robot relative to the workpiece. (d) Painting parts having different shapes by means of input from a camera. The systems memory allows the robot to identify the particular shape to be painted and to proceed with the correct movementso f a paint spray attached to the end effector.
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Flexible Fixturing
Figure 38.27 Schematic illustration of a flexible fixturing setup. The clamping force is sensed by the strain gage, and the system automatically adjusts this force. Source: P. K. Wright.
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Design-for-Assembly Analysis
Figure 38.28 Stages in the designfor-assembly analysis. Source: Product Design for Assembly, 1989 edition, by G. Boothroyd and P. Dewhurst. Reproduced with permission.
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Guides
Figure 38.31 Various guides that ensure that parts are properly oriented for automated assembly. Source: G. Boothroyd.
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Design Comparison
Figure 38.33
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