Construction of 4rth line between Tikiapara and Santragachi of South Eastern Railway. About 35 pairs of nailfexpress, 75 pairs of Suburban and passenger trains are running in the section. About 20 3 / 4 materializes during morning and evening peak hours. Empty rakes are brought to Santragachi Coaching Complex for maintenance. This eats up the actual carrying capacity of the existing lines arising need for construction of +rth line.
Construction of 4rth line between Tikiapara and Santragachi of South Eastern Railway. About 35 pairs of nailfexpress, 75 pairs of Suburban and passenger trains are running in the section. About 20 3 / 4 materializes during morning and evening peak hours. Empty rakes are brought to Santragachi Coaching Complex for maintenance. This eats up the actual carrying capacity of the existing lines arising need for construction of +rth line.
Construction of 4rth line between Tikiapara and Santragachi of South Eastern Railway. About 35 pairs of nailfexpress, 75 pairs of Suburban and passenger trains are running in the section. About 20 3 / 4 materializes during morning and evening peak hours. Empty rakes are brought to Santragachi Coaching Complex for maintenance. This eats up the actual carrying capacity of the existing lines arising need for construction of +rth line.
Under Guidance of Sri Rajesh Kumar, Professor Track-1
Construction of Pile foundation
Brief about
4rth line between Tikiapara and Santragachi
o Tikiapara and Santragachi stations are situated at Km 2.5 and 7.0 from Howrah on Howrah - Numbai main line. o !t is a Group A route. There are three lines in between Howrah - Santragachi (Upto to Panskura) . About 35 pairs of NailfExpress, 75 pairs of Suburban and passenger trains excluding haulage of empty trains are running in the section. Out of which 20 materializes during morning and evening peak hours.
o The empty rakes are brought to Santragachi Coaching Complex for maintenance, which eats up the actual carrying capacity of the existing lines arising need for construction of +rth line. o !t is a deposit work of Rail vikas Nigam Limited, Estimate cost of which is Rs.+6.8Cr
o Bridge no: 6 is situated at Km 4 from Howrah, proposed with a single span of 45.7m Through Girder, With pile foundation{ RCC Bored Cast in situ) with 14 nos 1.2m dia piles on either side.
!!. Brief about 1. About pile foundations 2. Relevant !S Codes adopted 3. Relevant Nanual provisions +. Construction work at site
About pile foundations Driving of bearing piles to support structures is one of the earliest examples of the art and science of the civil engineering.
Need of pile foundation arises when scope of shallow foundation fails due to - Highly compressible soil in top layers having Poor bearing capacity. -!nability to transmit inclined, horizontal or uplift forces and overturning moments, etc.
Load transfer in pile foundation may be of - a shear stress mobilization on the surface of the shaft due to friction in sands and adhesion in clays i.e. friction piles. - by bearing capacity at the base of the pile, i.e. end bearing piles. Piles are classified according to material, method of construction, shape, size, mode of load transfer, inclination, etc. Type of may be selected according to site conditions and other related governing factors.
Relevant !S Codes adopted !S Codes for Design and construction of pile foundation
!S 2911 (Part 1fSec !) : Driven Cast in situ concrete piles IS 2911 {Part 1JSec II) : Bored Cast in situ concrete piles : IS 1S92 For soil investigation data !S 2911 (Part 1fSec !!!) : Driven pre cast concrete piles !S 2911 (Part 1fSec !v) : Bored Pre cast concrete piles !S 2911 (Part !1) : Timber piles !S 2911 ( Part !!!) : Under Reamed Pile IS 2911 { Part IV) : Load Test on Piles
Relevant Nanual Provisions Para +05 to +16 !ndian Railways Bridge Nanual
- Guide lines regarding soil exploration, classification of piles, Selection of material 8 type of pile, spacing of pile, load carrying capacity of pilefGroup of piles, construction of pile foundation, etc.
Construction work at site Alignment Soil investigation Preparation of Design 8 Drawing, Approval of Chief Engineer and Obtaining CRS sanction Actual execution
Alignment The alignment of +rth line is running on west side, parallel to existing up main line of Howrah-Kharagpur section. While deciding the alignment, sufficient space between exist. Line and pro.line was provided keeping in view the Protection works to be taken up during the construction work.
Soil !nvestigation Soil investigation work was done by N!HAR!KA CONSTRUCT!ON, Kolkata.
Field work includes - Collection of representative soil samples, standard penetration tests, collection of undisturbed samples, ground water, etc. -
Laboratory tests includes - Sequence of sub-soil properties, soil profile properties, etc.
- Calculation of bearing capacity as per static formulae is given in Appendix B of !S 2911(Part !fsection 2)
Preparation of Design 8 Drawing
Based on the Design data, GAD is prepared After approval of Chief Engineer 8 CRS sanction , the GAD along with other detailed drawings will be available for execution.
Execution of construction works at site
Preliminary works -Submit the Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and Cement to approved laboratory and keep ready Nix Design report -Get the material tested such as steel, NS liners, etc
-Fixing of correct alignment and marking layout of bridge -Water supply arrangement for boring including for bore wash and for concreting. - Arrangements for disposal of mud water coming out from bore.
Keep all the machinery like winch, tripod, bailer, DNC pipes, tremie pipes, etc.ready.
Keep the NS liners, reinforcement cage ready Keep welding plant ready for welding of liners and reinforcement Keep cement, Fine 8 Coarse aggregates ready Provide a separate pit for mixing and adding bentonite slurry
Piling work We have in possession of Nix Design report for N 35 (for pile) and other tests reports for steel, liners, etc
We have Total Station (Theodolite)". Narked the correct centre line and layout of bridge. Narked the correct location of each pile by driving iron rods 8 made concrete pillars.
Some of the piles are falling very nearer to existing track. Rail piling was done parallel to track for protection of existing line
Nost of the +rth line alignment is falling in the borrow pit area and so the area is always under water logged condition.
The area is developed by filling sand up to toe of proposed alignment and at the toe it is protected by constructing the boulder crate
One tank is made for collecting water and mixing of bentonite which will be used for boring
Checked the CA , FA and Cement for requirement as per mix design
NS liners are ready, reinforcement cage is ready
Welding plant is ready which will be required for welding of NS liners and reinforcement cage Placed the tripod in pile location, attached the bailer to winch through wire rope, pully and adjusted the tripod legs so that the bailer is placed exactly over the pile centre
Attached the water supply (with bentonite) pipe in side the bailer Boring work started by operating the winch
!t is a continuous process from the time of start of boring till the end of concreting !n this operation basically the soil is loosened by impact of bailerfChisel and the loose soil mixed water is coming out as mud from the bore
!n the first two to three meters the boring was done by bailer and there after by chisel Liners are driven by bailer up to a depth of 13.5m by welding liner segments Chisel is attached to DNC pipe through which water is injected at Chisel level The DNC (Direct Nud Circulation) pipes , chisel are measured in advance, the from which depth of boring can be measured After reaching desired depth, wash the bore with fresh water for half to one hour through DNC pipe and DNC pipes, chisel are withdrawn The reinforcement cage which was made in parts was lowered one by one by welding maintaining lap length
Tremie pipes are lowered and the bore is further washed for one to one 8 half hour At the top of tremie pipe a funnel type attachment is fixed for poring the concrete At the neck of the funnel some lock type of arrangement is provided by which concrete can be stoppedfallowed to fall only after full funnel is loaded with concrete. At first two or three times the concrete is allowed to fall only after full funnel is loaded called charging Then the concreting is continued through tremie pipe till completion !t should be ensured that the part of the tremie pipe at bottom should always be embedded in green concrete During this process tremie pipes are withdrawn as concreting level is coming up The concreting is continued till thick mud followed by green concrete came out
Load test The pile was allowed for 28 days curing There after routine load test was conducted according to the provision of !S 2911(Part +)
Conclusion
The pile was found safe for carrying design load
ACKNOWLEDGENENT
!R!CEN an !SO- 9001 institute of Civil Engineers is setting out milestones in imparting outstanding training to civil engineers of !ndian Railways. This is one of the dream institutes and its most distinguishable feature is that it moulds one into thorough gentleman. !t is always open for valuable suggestions and its immediate implementation.
We would like to pay our gratitude and special thanks to Shri SHIV KUMAR, DIRECTOR, and IRICEN. We are thankful to Project Director, Shri RAJESH KUMAR, Professor Track -1 and Course Director Shri A.K.Rai and to all Faculty members, staff of the institute for their kind co-operation