Chapter 23 Excretion

1) A waste product of respiration is A) water. B) electrons. C) hydrogen peroxide. D) carbon dioxide. E) glucose. 2) When you exhale, you A) release oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) exchange CO2 for O2. C) take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood. D) take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen. E) remove CO2 from the body. 3) In the final phase of respiration, body cells A) release CO2 to red blood cells. B) take up O2 from red blood cells. C) increase in size to accommodate the reuptake of O2. D) migrate to the circulatory system. E) release CO2 and take up O2. 4) The body structure where gas exchange occurs is called the A) integumentary surface. B) respiratory surface. C) capillary surface. D) exchange network. E) capillary network. 5) The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to A) extract oxygen from the water. B) extract carbon dioxide from the water. C) detect toxic materials in the water. D) transport blood throughout the fish's body. E) regulate fluid excretion from the body. 6) Which of the following statements about fish gills is true? A) They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface. B) They aid in reproduction. C) Because of their efficiency, they only need a small surface area. D) They have a poor blood supply. E) Like lungs, they have an exhale/inhale function. 7) In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, A) blood and water flow in the same direction. B) blood and water flow in opposite directions. C) blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier. D) blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat. E) water flow over the gills reverses direction with every inhalation.

8) The tracheal system of an insect is most like which of the following? A) the exhaust system of an automobile B) the electrical wiring in a home C) the air duct system in a building D) a river system draining a large region E) leaves on a tree 9) Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods, which later evolved into A) snakes and skinks. B) amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. C) frogs and toads. D) migratory birds. E) humans. 10) Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body? A) alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx B) alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx C) alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx D) alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx E) alveoli, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, pharynx, larynx 11) Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavities in humans? A) secreting enzymes for digestion B) warming inhaled air C) secreting excess carbon dioxide into exhaled air D) determining O2 content in inhaled air E) providing a tract for nerve distribution 12) Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers? A) The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick together, and coughing separates them. B) Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs, and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs. C) Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the muscles in the lungs, resulting in an increased residual volume, and coughing exchanges this "dead air." D) Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs. E) By raising the pressure in the lungs, coughing forces more oxygen into the blood. 13) Inhalation in humans is achieved by A) contraction of muscles in the lungs. B) contraction of the diaphragm. C) relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles. D) relaxation of the diaphragm. E) contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles. 14) When you are breathing normally, exhalation results mainly from A) the contraction of muscles in the chest. B) the contraction of the diaphragm. C) the contraction of muscles in the lungs. D) the relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm. E) low pressure in the lungs.

15) Air leaving human lungs during exhalation contains A) no oxygen. B) no carbon dioxide. C) mostly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. D) carbon dioxide and unused oxygen. E) one-half oxygen and one-half carbon dioxide. 16) In a mammal, blood leaving the lungs goes to A) the kidneys. B) the heart. C) the limbs. D) the liver. E) the brain. 17) Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because A) it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure. B) it diffuses from a region of lower partial pressure to a region of higher partial pressure. C) it descends down an osmotic gradient, following the movement of water. D) the cells of the body create molecular attractions that pull the oxygen to them. E) oxygen diffuses from a higher to a lower pH. 18) Oxygen is mostly transported through the body A) dissolved in the blood. B) dissolved in red blood cells. C) bound to hemoglobin. D) bound to dissolved iron. E) bound to carbon. 19) The oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells is A) carbon dioxide. B) hemoglobin. C) bicarbonate ions. D) iron. E) the cell membrane 20) Most CO2 is transported to the lungs A) B) C) D) E) dissolved in the plasma. attached to hemoglobin. as carbonic anhydrase. as carboxyl. as bicarbonate ions.

21) In the capillaries of the body, oxygen released from hemoglobin first diffuses into the A) blood plasma. B) pulmonary veins. C) pulmonary arteries. D) interstitial fluid. E) alveoli.