3rd International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities (IGCESH) School of Graduate Studies Universiti TeknologiMalaysia 2 4 November

2010

An overview of Femtocell architecture in collaboration with Wimax application

Masoumeh Shaneshin, Adnan Shahid Khan 1, Razali Bin Ngah1 Yusnita Rahayu2 , Arezou banitalebi3
Email: Mshaneshin1980@gmail.com, adnan.ucit@gmail.com, razalin@fke.utm.my,yusnita@ump.edu.my,
arezou.banitalebi@yahoo.com

Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering,

1

UTM-MIMOS Center of Excellence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

Wireless Communication Cluster, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia.

Abstract__ femtocells (home access point) can be used to solve the problem of indoor coverage. WiMAX femtocells offer better in premise coverage and reduce macro network deployment cost. In this paper, we evaluate performance of the WiMAX femtocell system in term of the network coverage and the system capacity, where it is use with wire backhaul such as cable or DSL and operator on the same frequency band as macro. Keyword: Femtocell, Wimax, coverage, capacity

I.

INTRODUCTION

We need to improve coverage and Quality of service (QoS) in areas where macro network could not reach but operators could produce suitable the start of smaller base stations, microcells and Pico cells. Micro in mathematical terms is 10-6 whereas Pico is 10-12. In the year 2002, the smallest access point (AP) was developed and named Femto representing 10-15[1]. Femtocell is a very small mobile base station using large area network radio access

technology, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) [2] that would be deployed in a home, small business venture or shop or multi-user unit building to serve the voice, data and potentially video needs of four to eight users [3]. It is alike to Pico cell or microcells which are quite designed for a bigger number of consumers. Femtocells increase the signal strength of wireless carriers and reduce the need to build expensive cellular towers. Femtocell have it traffic. It have been when to appear that Femtocells with wired broadband connection to IP backbone. WiMAX supplies a wireless solution to the last mile broadband connection. As WiMAX network operators at high frequency band access network, WiMAX network also suffers from poor indoor coverage and high cost of base stations deployment. Also WiMAX can operate in any frequency range 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, 3.7 GHZ and channel throughput 3.5 Mbps/HZ downlink and type antenna use for WiMAX Femtocells application are MIMO & beam forming. WiMAX 802.16e is currently particular to use with Time-division duplexing (TDD)

3rd International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities (IGCESH) School of Graduate Studies Universiti TeknologiMalaysia 2 4 November 2010
operation. The newly introduced Femtocell technology allows low-cost and low-power cellular home base station to connect mobile users to a network operator with broadband backhaul [4].Therefore, integrating WiMAX an unaccepted quality of service or an unending waiting time to download video or any other applications will hit operators business. However, many business and technical challenges need to be this problem. One way to make better coverage in-building is to enhance the power of nearby base Stations focus the antennas at buildings, or both. .For example, a WiMAX Femtocell inside a home may lead to enhanced customer care calls because the subscriber is operating a mini base station, while an outdoor femtocell might need extra technology to eschew co-channel interference with WiMAX macrocells that coordination could be accomplished by adding GPS receivers to the Femtocells so that network knows operators existing solution WiMAX femotcells offer numerous benefits to an operator zero cell site acquisition cost, no CAPEX/OPEX in setting up backhaul networks, lower cost to maintain transport network, no energy bills to operate base stations, offloaded macro cell sites, increased network coverage and improved customer satisfaction. These advantages are passed onto the end users during attractive mobile service plans, change data services, enhanced indoor coverage, high execution data services, enhanced multimedia experience, better voice quality, and reduced service usage cost that can operate as an increase to an operators existing and Femtocell in heterogeneous wireless networks is a good solution not only for managing the exponential growth of the traffic within the macrocells but also for enhance indoor coverage. In the future, it may also be probable to offer new services such as indoor location finding, and fast music and video downloads. In this paper we focus on where femtocell server as simplified WiMAX BSs with wire backhaul such as cable or DSL. The next section discusses WiMAX layers .the following section present the technical challenges with WiMAX femtocell .the final section contains conclusions. II. WIMAX LAYERS nomadic and mobile users. There are two types of the WiMAX standard: the fixed and mobile deployment [3]. The first (IEEE802.16d) is based on a fixed FFT OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) physical layer. Meanwhile, the second (IEEE802.16e) [6] is based on a changeful FFT OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) physical layer. WIMAX has two layer MAC and PHY layer after that we want to brief overview of both layers. The MAC layer of Mobile WiMAX supports point-to multipoint and mesh architecture, it has competent to switch different applications with different QoS. The PHY layer could support both applications OFDM and OFDMA for Mobile WiMAX designs. However, the choice selected by most of the vendors is TDD (Time Division Duplex)/ OFDMA for the cause that of its increase bandwidth. OFDMA also make better than system capacity.

III.

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

WiMAX [2] is a broadband wireless access technology capable of delivering voice, video and data over the licensed or unlicensed spectrum to static,

Femto-APs can be settling at places where users are experiencing unsuitable radio coverage or have higher data rate requirements than can be satisfied with existing radio conditions. For example, Femto-APs can aid get better coverage of indoor users. Observe two Femto-AP use cases. The first one, use for accessible for public usage, where all customers of a cellular service supply can access publicly accessible Femto-APs. The typical situation for the public case is in a coffee shop or airport. The other one, we can use Femto-AP for confidential usage, where only permission users are allowed to connect to a privately accessible Femto-AP. The second is more suitable for home or environments. Dissimilar macro/micro BSs whose positions are cautiously planned by operatives, most Femto-AP situating will be consumer devices that are positioned based on users needs. Also, operators are likely to install a few Femto-APs at cell edges to get better system coverage and capacity in an effective way. Fig.1 [4] shows an example network organization for a WiMAX system with Femto-APs. The WiMAX network includes of two components, the access service network (ASN) and connectivity service network (CSN). An all-IP network construction is request in the ASN where both operator-owned macro/micro BSs and customer owned Femto-APs are joined to ISP networks to

3rd International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities (IGCESH) School of Graduate Studies Universiti TeknologiMalaysia 2 4 November 2010
decrease the backbone execution cost. In general, the IP networks to which macro/micro BSs are related to built and owned by operators, whereas Femto-APs are possible to connect to IP networks supplied by local DSL, FTTH or cable companies [8]. In compare, the CSN is an existing backend collected of servers such as an authentication, authorization, and accounting server, mobile IP, home agent, and policy server. The interface between ASN and CSN occurs at the ASN gateway (GW). Macro/micro BSs and Femto-APs communicate with ASN gateways through the packet- switched IP network, enabling swap of necessary message with servers within the CSN. The ASN gateways perform tasks like location registration, authentication, paging control, and service flow authorization. This WiMAX network architecture is smooth contrast to typical cellular architectures [2G/3G] since RNC functions are integrated into macro/micro BSs and Femto-APs. Thus, macro/micro BSs and Femto- APs in WiMAX networks should be more autonomous. Additionally, such a system is more robust since each BS, either macro/micro or femto, can connect to multiple ASN GWs such that there is no single point of breakdown. The task of a Femto-AP in WiMAX network is the same as a macro/micro BS. A Session Initiation Protocol/ IP multimedia subsystem (SIP/IMS) gateway is needed to both of them 2G/3G networks and the public switched telephone network (PSTN) [4]. Where WiMAX Femtocell execute the same frequency band as macro BSs, co-channel interference happen. When Femtocells are putted indoors (example home) however, walls aid to reduce the interference between macro BSs and Femtocells. As the number of Femtocells increase, the increased interference becomes a serious issue. At a minimum, power control is needed in Femto-APs to avoid performance degradation to mobile terminals served by macro/micro BSs. V. SYNCHRONIZATION IN WiMAX FEMTOCELL

Synchronization is necessary for interference in outdoor systems using (TDD) for instance mobile WiMAX. Now days 2G/3G BSs, there are high precision oscillators that are calibrated periodically by the timing signal sent from central controller over very reliable links. This solution is not valid to the all-IP architecture of WiMAX networks. The synchronization need for WiMAX is fewer than for 2G or 3G technology. The frequency precision recommend by the WiMAX Forum [3] is less than 2 parts per million (ppm), whereas 0.05 ppm is needed in (GSM)/wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA)/CDMA 2000 systems. Synchronization in time to about 1 s may also be needed for TDD operation. Applicant use it contain GPS and IEEE 1588. GPS is more valid, and equipped together time and situation data. Restriction may be a require feature if operators want to eschew customers moving Femtocells outside of their houses. However, GPS is more costly and is not suitable for use indoor Femtocells .it requires line of sight(LOS) from the satellite, IEEE 1588, precision Timing Protocol ,is a more fit solution for Femtocell and very better than GPS[10].Time and frequency synchronization, both of them using for Application for IEEE 1588 to TDD WiMAX.

VI.

SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE FOR WiMAX FEMTOCELLS

Figure 1.Wimax network with Femto AP

IV.

INTERFERENCE IN WiMAX FEMTOCELL

Last years cellular systems BSs are connected straight to the operators network. With the registration and authentication process, the cellular operator can thus

3rd International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities (IGCESH) School of Graduate Studies Universiti TeknologiMalaysia 2 4 November 2010
easily prevent uncertified users a accessing its own network to ensure security. However, Femtocell uses local ISP networks, which may be unlike from the operators network. The public IP network can be acquired by almost everyone, counting hackers who try to eavesdrop on conversations or control the Femto-AP. Therefore, in addition to a more sophisticated registration and authentication process, encryption of IP packets is necessary. Another issue with the IP network is that a cellular operator has no control over the channel and cannot preference voice packets from Femtocells. VII. CONCLUSION
[4] M. Latham, Consumer attitudes to femtocell enabled in-home services- insights from a european survey, in Femtocells Europe 2008, London,June 2008. [5] WiMAX form Tech .WG,WiMAX form Mobile system Profile] release 1.0 approved specification.rev.1.4.0, May 2007 [6] WiMAX Forum, Requirements and Recommendations for WiMAX Forum Mobility Profiles, Nov. 9, 2005 [7] IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks - part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems- physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands, IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, Research Report, February 2006. [8] David Lopez-Perez, Guillaume de la Roche, Alvaro Valcarce, Alpar Juttner, Jie Zhang Interference Avoidance and Dynamic Frequency Planning for WiMAX Femtocells Networks,2008. [9] Do-Young Kwak, Jong-Sik Lee, YoungChul Oh and Seong-Choon Lee Development of WiBro (Mobile WiMAX) Femtocell and Related Technical Issues , 2008. [10] J. Eidson, Measurement Control and Communication Using IEEE 1588, London, UK, Springer, 2006. [11]M.Okuda et al.: Multihop Relay Extension for WiMAX VetworksOverview and benefits of IEEE 802.16J standard.FUJITSU Sci.Tech.J., vol.44.No.3.pp.292-302(2008). [12] D. Williams, Wimax femtocells a technology on demand for cable msos, in FemtoCells Europe. Comcast, 2008. [13 ] V. Chandrasekhar and J. Andrews, Uplink capacity and interference avoidance for two-tier femtocell networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, February 2008. [14]H. Claussen, Performance of Macro- and Co-channel femtocells in a hierarchical cell structure, in The 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Sep. 2007.

Femtocells have many advantages for operators looking to roll out a WiMAX network .for example; femtocells can allow subscribers to get access at their homes and thus removes the capex burden for operators to deploy the network in residential areas. Femtocells sound like possible way to make better indoor coverage and help displace incumbent voice and data service. Unacceptable coverage and the increasing number of high data rate applications are two of the driving forces for femtocell development .femtocell improve coverage and offer huge areal capacity gain through spatial reuse of the available bandwidth as well as spectral efficiency enhancement. There are some technical challenges remaining to be overcome before Femto-APs are widely accepted in the market. These include innovative algorithms for management of large-scale Femto-AP networks, advanced interference mitigation techniques to ensure satisfactory coverage when Femto-APs are densely deployed, and seamless roaming outdoors and indoors. In the future, increasing efforts should be devoted to femtocell research to accelerate its success.

REFERENCES

[1] Baines, R., The Need for WiMAX picocell & Femtocells, WiMax London 2007, 25-26 April 2007 [2] IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks - part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems- physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands, IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, Research Report, February 2006. [3] H.Lui and G.Li, OFDM-Based broadband Wireless Network Design and Optimization, New Jersey, 2005.