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High Frequencies & Microwaves - Lab 1
High Frequencies & Microwaves - Lab 1
Laboratory #1
Description: In this first session we have a first contact with the laboratory waveguide measurements bench. The task of this lab is to measure the amplitude of the electric field in a waveguide in these three different cases: Shortcircuit. Opencircuit. Matched impedance. We can observe the measurement scheme in the following figure:
Elements description: 1. Generator: Generates the microwave signal. 2. Isolator: Makes an attenuation to the backward traveling wave in order to protect the generator from the reflected wave. 3. Variable attenuator: It's a device used to attenuate the signal, mainly because the detector doesn't work the same with all signal amplitudes and we want to attenuate this amplitude in order to work in a range where the measured amplitude values are more reliable. In this case, this happens below 2mV. 4. Frequency-meter: It measures the frequency of the signal. 5. Detector: It's made by a diode that converts electromagnetic field into electrical signals, but with a non-linear relation. 6. Termination: The line termination that we observer were the three following: a) Short circuit. b) Open circuit. c) Matched load.
35
18 8.4 6.5
37
39
41
43
5.9 4.9
45
1.8
47
49
51
5.7
53
10.1
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
2.4 5.9
71
73
75
5.5
77
10.2
0.04 1.8
14.5 18.1 20
7.15 7.2
In order to make a graphic representation of the field I used the following commands in Matlab: Short=[18 18.5 15.5 11 5.9 1.8 0.04 1.8 5.7 10.1 14.5 18.1 20 18.4 16.9 12.6 7.5 2.4 0.065 1.3 5.5 10.2]; open=[8.4 7.3 5.9 5 4.9 4.89 5.25 9 10.01 10.09 10.2 10.5 9.9 7.9 6.2 5.09 5 5.9 7.1 8.7 10.2 11.5]; matched=[6.5 7.15 7.2 7.24 7.32 7.64 7.9 7.7 7.3 7 6.9 6.95 7.18 7.21 7.39 7.42 7.59 7.68 7.62 7.6 7.39 7.22]; short=sqrt(short); %Because what we read at the sensor is the voltage value elevated to the power of 2 open=sqrt(open); matched=sqrt(matched); position=35:2:77; plot(position,short,'red*-'); hold on; grid on; plot(position,open,'blue*-'); plot(position,matched,'green*-');
Measure of the guide wavelength g By reading the distance between two consecutive minimum values: g = (71mm-48mm)*2 = 46mm By using the expression: g = c0 f 2 f ( 1( c ) ) f a=2cm f =10GHz Error: ( g )c ( g )m e= 100=53 % ( g )c =30mm