pULSe JeT FABrIC FILTerS

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Optipulse LKP: A Flexible Pulse Jet Filter

Industrial Fabric Filter Application

The optipulse LKp Fabric Filter is suited for most applications requiring a large filtering capacity, such a coal-fired boilers for power plants and waste-to-energy plants. Metallurgical furnaces, chemical plants and cement plants are also applications where optipulse LKp has proven to be a highly effective dust collector.

Key Advantages
Compact and flexible design and the use of longer bags makes optipulse LKp ideal of eSp retrofits Optipulse LKP is specifically designed for on-line cleaning Unaffected by dust variations Enhanced gas absorption capacity with fine particle separation Low operating costs due to energy efficient pulse filter cleaning process, with low filter pressure drop and resulting in lower fan energy consumption Easy, low-cost maintenance due to plugging of defective bags and easily accessible service area from above, requiring minimum shut down and service

Gas Cleaning Method

raw gas enters the filter compartments via inlet ducts equipped with guide vanes that distribute the gas uniformly across the filter bags. This arrangement creates a downward gravimetric gas flow along the filter bags, precipitating the dust into the hopper below. In contrast to filters where raw gas enters through dampers located in the hoppers, the design of the optipulse LKp gas distribution system prevents the creation of high can velocities (or vertical, upward gas flow). High can velocities prevent fine particulate from settling into the hoppers during on-line cleaning cycles. The raw gas is filtered by the fabric from the outside, and the clean gas exits at the top of the bag. The fan is located on the clean gas outlet side of the filter.

opTIpULSe LKp IS eqUIpped wITH A LArge nUMBer oF FILTer BAgS SUpporTed on wIre CAgeS. THe FILTer CAn Be dIvIded InTo A nUMBer oF SepArATe CoMpArTMenTS THAT Are IndIvIdUALLy ISoLATed By dAMperS AT THe InLeT And oUTLeT.

Pulse Jet Filter Cleaning

The filter bags are cleaned by means of compressed air pulses. The pulse of compressed air expands the bag, at high speed, so that dust collected on the outside of the bag is dislodged when the bag stops at its outer position. The compressed air is directed down into the bags by a tube equipped with nozzles. The nozzles reduce pressure losses to a minimum and distribute the pulse pressure evenly along the row of filter bags. A plunge-type valve distributes the air in short pulses. The pulse repetition frequency can either be constant or controlled by the resistance of the filter bags. The latter is particularly suitable for varying operational conditions. The optimized pulse system unit, comprising the pressure tank, pulse distribution piping and the unique patented Alstom optipow plunge-type valve, offers a practical solution to pulse regulation. Collected dust falls into hoppers located under the bags for further transportation by a conveyor. Both mechanical and pneumatic conveyors are available. The type can be selected and adapted to different types of dust.

Unaffected by Dust Variations

Compared to an electrostatic precipitator, the optipulse LKp filter offers the advantage of being less sensitive to the characteristics of the dust. As a result, the filter, or the size of the installation, can be estimated without a comprehensive dust analysis. It can accommodate normal variations in dust characteristics while maintaining performance.

Enhanced Gas Absorption Capacity and Fine Particle Separation

For applications requiring the absorption of acid components, sorbent is injected upstream of the particle separation. The optipulse LKp filter has the major advantage that further absorption of gaseous components, such as acid pollutants, take place in the dust layer formed on the bags. This layer contains reactive absorbent, resulting in enhanced absorption of acid pollutants, as well as better utilization of sorbent material. By passing dust-laden gas through a dust cake formed on the bags, a large portion of the finest particles is also removed. This is a feature that is becoming increasingly important as health concerns over sub-micron particle inhalation imposes more stringent control of fine particle emissions.
Industrial Fabric Filter Application

Low Operating Costs

optipulse LKp design offers low operating costs because: Energy efficient lower pulse frequency can be used since the pulse is short, intense and high efficient Efficient pulse cleaning helps keep filter pressure drop low, resulting in low fan energy consumption Low pulse frequency results in less filter bag wear

Filter Material Selection

optipulse LKp is equipped with filter bags made of synthetic fiber needlefelt. The type of fiber determines the operating temperature of the filter and the bags ability to resist chemicals. The composition, structure and surface treatment of needle-felt determines the filtering properties of the bag, as well as its strength and service length. Today there are different types of fiber materials for operation in temperatures up to 260C (500F), extreme pH values and high concentrations of abrasive dust in gas. polyester, polyacrylic, polyphenylenesulfide and polymide are most commonly used. Alstoms long standing experience guides our customers in their choice of fiber and fiber material combination to suit their needs. new materials are regularly tested at Alstoms r&d laboratory.

Simplified Maintenance
Alstom pulse jet fabric filter design recognizes the importance of easy service. routine service is carried out by visual inspection of the bags. In case of operational failure, a defective bag is merely plugged, not replaced. When approximately 10% of the bags are inoperative, all bags can be replaced simultaneously. This system requires minimum shutdown and service. The bag changing process is operatorfriendly. Bags are changed from above (the clean side of the filter). This can be easily done by one person. The inspection cover above the filter bags is removed with a trolley. The pulse header as no threaded connections are used. The filter cage and bag are then lifted up and replaced. The change can be performed while other filter compartments are in operation. The service area above the filter bags can be completely covered by a roof or completely enclosed.

Range of Applications, Guarantees

Alstom spans the entire field of environmental control for power generation and industrial applications, evaluating each technical solution in its total context. When you select optipulse LKp, Alstom not only guarantees delivery of filter components, but also assumes total responsibility for the entire system.

Optipulse LKP Plus: Advanced Fabric Filter for Ultra Low Particle Emissions
The optipulse LKp plus filter, an alternative concept in filter bags using conventional filter media, guarantees particle emissions as low as 1-2 mg/ nm3. This concept is particularly suitable for industrial applications requiring extremely low dust emissions.

EFFIC: Intelligent Control and Monitoring Solution for Pulse Jet Fabric Filters
Alstom offers an innovative fabric filter controller, a cost-effective solution for new fabric filters and as a replacement and modernization of existing controls for compressed air bag cleaning. The system controls the pulse cleaning valves, as well as the valve for tank pressure for each tank or systems of combined pressure tanks. designed for both retrofit and new installations of any size, eFFIC is a breakthrough in providing intelligent control and monitoring of fabric filters, leading to better emissions control and low maintenance and operating costs.

Ideal for ESP Retrofits

Based on Alstoms successful operating experience, the conversion of existing eSps to pulse Jet Fabric Filters is a cost effective way of meeting stricter emission regulations. Supporting flexibility in boiler operation, such as choice of coals, the addition of the filter offers an efficient collection of acid gases and mercury compared to an eSp.

FABrIC FILTer reTroFIT on CoAL-FIred BoILer

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