Lets Learn Ukrainian

,
!
Lets learn Ukrainian!
2007
81.2.-96
81243
46 !
,

, .
23 , , ,
.
:
. , ,
( . . )
. , ,
( )
, . . ,
( ,
, )
,
(Peel Board of Education in Ontaria, )

.
- .
. , , 2007
. , , 2007
. , . ., 2007
ISBN 978-966-441-044-8
-2-

:
. .
. -
.
-14, -16 (2006 )
.
Acknoledgements
I should like to express my deepest gratitude to:
pan Vasyl Hutkovskyy for assistance with publishing this book.
Mrs. J. Zajac for advice and correction of the English part of the
textbook.
Students of the Department of Architecture, National University
Lvivska polytechnika for designing pictures for the dialogues in the
textbook.
-3-
Foreword
The course book ! (Lets learn
Ukrainian!) is designed as a course of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The aim
of the book is to teach the student to express himself in Ukrainian.
The course consists of 23 Lessons, Keys, a Vocabulary list, a Glossary of
terms and a Disk.
Lesson description: Each lesson begins with a dialogue in Ukrainian
accompanied by its English translation in brackets. We have tried to translate the
dialogues as closely as possible to the original text, but, given the very different
structure of the two languages, we could not do a word-for-word translation. All the
dialogues are related by content. Each dialogue is followed by a list of words.The
words are arranged in alphabetical order and presented in the same form as they are
used in the dialogue with their base form given in brackets. F. ex:
() I thank (to thank); (. .; ) town (Gen.). As for
the latter word, it should be noted that English nouns do not have case distinctions,
which is why in the English translation of a Ukrainian noun we only indicate the
case in brackets to show in which case the Ukrainian noun is used.
The following section is called Related words, where we give more words
on the topic dealt with in the dialogue.
In section 3 we deal with Grammar. In it we explain the grammar that the
content and vocabulary of the dialogues made us address. Thus, we managed to
encompass in 22 lessons all the main grammar categories of the Ukrainian
language, those of case, tense, aspect and mood.
Lesson 23 is a concluding lesson and conveys cultural information rather than
strictly language.
The section Exercises consists of exercises on the grammar dealt with in
each lesson. We tried to build exercises using the vocabulary from a given lesson
and the previous lessons, always bearing in mind the communicative aspect of the
course book.
Keys
The Keys contain answers to most of the exercises from the Exercise section.
Vocabulary
The words from the dialogues are presented in the Vocabulary section in their
base form. As for verbs, we also indicate the conjugation group they belong to by
the figures (1) and (2) in round brackets.
Glossary of terms
The Glossary of terms is a list of Ukrainian grammar terms with their English
equivalents.
Disk
All the dialogues are recorded on a disk.
-4-
Table of contents
Lesson 1
1.1. The Ukrainian alphabet
1.2. Exercises on Ukrainian sounds
Lesson 2
2.1. Dialogues , , . Words to the
dialogues.
2.2. Further Explanations
2.3. Related words to the topic
2.4. Grammar
gender of nouns and the Nominative case
the Vocative case
Possessive pronouns
cardinal and ordinal numerals from 110
2.5. Exercises
Lesson 3
3.1. Dialogue . Words to the dialogue.
3.2. Related words to the topics ,
3.3. Grammar
the Present tense of verbs of the first conjugation
the Genitive case of nouns and pronouns
cardinal and ordinal numerals from 1119
3.4. Exercises
Lesson 4
4.1. Dlogue . Words to the dialogue.
4.3. Grammar
the Present tense of verbs of the second conjugation
the Accusative case of nouns and pronouns
4.4. Exercises
Lesson 5
5.1. Dialogue .Words to the dialogue.
5.3. Grammar
the verb expressing necessity
the Ablative case of nouns and pronouns
the emphatic adjective , ,
the Adverb and the emphatic adverb
cardinal and ordinal numerals from 20 100
5.4. Exercises
-5-
10
10
12
14
14
16
17
17
21
24
24
26
27
31
34
34
36
37
39
42
42
43
44
46
Lesson 6
6.1. Dialogues , . Words to the
dialogues.
6.3. Grammar
reflexive verbs with the particle
the adjective of necessity , , and the adverb
6.4. Exercises
Lesson 7
7.1. Dialogue .Words to the dialogue.
7.2. Related words to the topics: ,
7.3. Grammar
verbs with the particle (continuation)
the verb and its derivatives
spacial meanings expressed by prefixes
the Dative case of nouns and pronouns
degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
the use of the prefix with adjectives
7.4. Exercises
Lesson 8
8.2. Related words ,
8.3. Grammar
the Locative case of nouns and pronouns
the prepositions and with the Locative or the
Accusative cases
the verbs and
8.4. Exercises
Lesson 9
9.1. Dialogues , . Words to the
dialogues.
9.3. Grammar
declension of nouns in plural
the use of the cases with numerals
9.4. Exercises
Lesson 10
10.1. Dialogue .... Words to the dialogue.
10.3. Grammar
-6-
50
50
52
52
54
56
56
58
59
64
67
67
68
70
71
74
74
76
77
79
81
81
83
83
the Past Imperfect

declension of adjectives in singular and plural
10.4. Exercises
Lesson 11
11.2. Related words ,
11.3. Grammar
the Future Imperfect: simple and complex
polite forms of the verbs and
How to tell time
11.4. Exercises
Lesson 12
12.1. Dialogue ... Words to the dialogue.
12.3. Grammar
cardinal and ordinal numerals from 100 1000
declension of cardinal numerals from 1 10
collective cardinal numerals from 1 10
12.4. Exercises
Lesson 13
13.1. Dialogues , . Words to
the dialogues.
13.3. Grammar
the possessive pronoun , , and its declension
the reflexive pronoun
13.4. Exercises
Lesson 14
14.2. Grammar
the perfect and the imperfect verb
the Past Perfect
14.3. Exercises
Lesson 15
15.1 Dialogue . Words to the dialogue.
15.3. Grammar
the Future Perfect
the perfective prefix -
the irregular verb in the Future
15.4. Exercises
-7-
85
89
89
91
91
94
97
97
98
99
101
104
104
107
107
108
111
111
113
118
121
121
123
123
126
Lesson 16
16.1. Text . Words to the text.
16.2. Grammar
declension of feminine nouns with a zero ending
16.3. Exercise
Lesson 17
17.3. Grammar
the verb in the third person plural
Indefinite pronouns and their declension
Negative pronouns
17.4. Exercises
Lesson 18
18.3. Grammar
the Imperative mood
the imperative particles ! and !
18.4. Exercises
Lesson 19
19.2. Related words to the topics: ,
19.3. Grammar
one-word sentences
19.4. Exercises
Lesson 20
20.1. Dialogue: . Words to the
dialogue.
20.2. Related words: Verbs of thought, speech, movement
20.4. Grammar
the Perfect Adverbial Participle and the Imperfect Adverbial
Participle
20.5. Exercises
Lesson 21
22.3. Grammar
the Conditional mood
-8-
129
129
130
130
131
131
133
133
135
138
138
140
140
142
145
145
146
147
149
151
151
152
153
155
158
158
160
160
22.4. Exercises
Lesson 22
22.1 Dialogue . Words to the dialogue.
22.2 Grammar
the Perfect Adjectival Participle
the Impersonal Participial Form in -, -
the verb and
22.3. Exercises
Lesson 23
23.1 Text Christmas night with a carol
22.2 Ukrainian Holidays
23.3 Additional texts for reading
Ukraine
Ukrainian national symbols
24.4 The State Anthem of Ukraine
24.5 The Spiritual Anthem of Ukraine
Keys
Vocabulary
Glossary of grammar terms
-9-
163
165
165
168
171
173
173
174
175
177
178
179
190
210
1
(THE UKRAINIAN
ALPHABET)
The Ukrainian alphabet has 33 letters. As a rule, a letter denotes a
sound, so, there will be as many sounds in a word as there are letters.
The Ukrainian graphic system uses the Cyrillic alphabet, as do other
Slavic languages such as: Belorusian, Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and
Serbian (the latter two have two graphic systems in use: Cyrillic and Latin).
Typed letters
Cursive letters
name of a letter in
English transcription
Name of a letter in
Ukrainian transcription
Sound
A table of the Ukrainian alphabet:
1
1
2
3
3
a
4
[a]
[be]
[ve]
5
[]
[]
[]
6
[a]
[b]
[v]
[he]
[]
[h]
[ge]
[de]
[e]
[ye]
[zhe]
[ze]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[g]
[d]
[e]
[ye]
[zh]
[z]
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
[I]
[]
[I]
12
13
[]
[yi]
[]
[]
[i]
[i]
14
[yot ]
[]
[y]
- 10 -
Examples
7
A! Like the English: Aha!
! Like the English: bed
! Like the English: van
? A glottal sound more like the
German Hh: Hut, Haus
, like the English: get
, like the English: dad
, like the English:Ted
, like the English: yellow
, like the English: pleasure
, like the English: Zed
, more like the English [I], but
longer: thin
, like the English: piece
, like the English: yeast
, the palatalizing sound
like the English:
Yy+a vowel: Yes, young
A table of the Ukrainian alphabet (continuation)

1
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
4
[ka]
[el]
[em]
[en]
[o]
[pe]
5
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
6
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[o]
[p]
7
K, like the English: kid
, like the English: lot
, like the English: mum
, like the English: nice
, like the English: on
, like the English: pet
, the Ukrainian [r] is
pronounced by vibrating the
[er]
[]
[r]
front part of the tongue, like the
Spanish, or the Italian [r]:
America
[es]
[]
[s]
c, like the English: son
[te]
[]
[t]
, like the English: Ted
[u]
[]
[u ]
, like the English: group
[ef]
[]
[f]
, like the English: fine
, pronounced by the friction
of the air passing through the gap
created by the back of the tongue
[kha]
[]
[kh ] being brought up closely to the
soft palate. The [kh] is somewhat
like the glottal English [h], but it
is velar.
, is pronounced as the
[tse]
[]
[ts]
sounds [ts] together: its
[tshe]
[] [tsh ] , like the English: child
[sha]
[]
[sh ] , like the English: she
, is pronounced as the sounds
[shtsha] [] [shtsh]
[sh + tsh] together
, the Ukrainian does not
denote any sound of its own, it
only palatalizes (makes softer) the
[ ]
preceding consonant sound by
bringing the middle of the tongue

up to the hard palate while
articulating it.
[yu]
[]
[yu] , like the English: you
[ya]
[]
[ya] , like the English: yard
- 11 -
Such letters of the Cyrillic alphabet as: , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , are new for the users
of the Latin alphabet. As for the letters: , , , , , , , ,
,, , , they can be found in the Latin alphabet too, though, in some
cases, denoting quite different sounds.
Nota Ben: When writing by hand Ukrainian language speakers use the
cursive system of writing (with all the letters of a word joined and slanted to
the right). Compare: ! (Good morning!) !
! (Good afternoon!) !
! (Good evening!) !
Word stress in Ukrainian is not fixed, and thus, it must be remembered. The
stem vowel of a word is often stressed, but stressed endings occur too.
!!! PRACTISING!!!
1 (Exercise 1)
Complete each line space with a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet:
F.ex.: Aa, Aa, Aa, Aa
2
Write Ukrainian letters for the following sounds:
[a], [d], [zh], [h], [e], [v], [yi], [z], [ye], [I], [g], [y], [r], [k], [n], [t], [kh], [f],
[u], [tsh], [sh], [shtsh], [o], [ts], [p], [m], [s], [ya].
3
Pronounce the following consonant sounds after the speaker:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , ,
, , , .
4
Pronounce the following vowel sounds after the speaker:
Aa, Ee, , , , .
5
Pronounce the following sound combinations after the speaker:
1. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
2. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
3. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
4. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
5. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
- 12 -
6. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
6
Pronounce the following sound pairs after the speaker:
1. : , , , , , , .
2. : , , , , , , .
3. : , , , , , , .
4. : , , , , , , .
5. : , , , , , , .
7
Pronounce the following sound combinations (the apostrophe indicates
separate pronunciation of the two sounds):
, , , , , , , , ,
8
Pronounce the following sound pairs after the speaker:
1. : , , , ,
, ..
2. : , , , ,
, .
3. : , , , ,
, .
- 13 -
2
DIALOGUES
(Getting acquainted)
: ? ? (Roksolyana? Is that you?)
: ? ! ! (Yaryna? Oh, Hello!)
: , ! ,
. (Let me introduce you! This is Roksolyana, my friend.)
(Parents): ! (Nice to meet you!)
: . ,
. (These are my parents. My mother pani Oksana and my
father pan Volodymyr.)
: ! (Nice to meet you!)
: ? (How are things?)
: , . ? (All right. Thank you! And how are
you?)
: . ? ( am all right, too. Where are you
going?)
: . ? (I am going home. What about you?)
: . , ! (We are going home too. Well,
then, see you later!)
: ! (Goodbye!)
: ! (Goodbye!)
(A telephone conversation)
! ! ? (Hello! Hello! Who is it?)
! ! .
? (Hello! Good evening! This is Roksolyana. Is Yaryna at home?)
: (Pardon?)
: ? (Is Yaryna at home?)
: , , . (No, I am sorry, she is not at home.)
: ! , ! (What a pity! Well, then. Good
night!)
: ! (Good night!)
- 14 -
(Morning)
: ! (Good morning!)
: ! , ? (Good
morning! Mum, where is the coffee?)
: , . (Unfortunately, there is no coffee.)
: ? (What about tea?)
: . (There is some tea.)
: ? (Where is it?)
: . . (Here it is.)
: , . (Oh, yes. Thank you!)
Words to the dialogues
A and (a particle introducing

a sentence in oral speech)
parents
! See you!
please
you (pl.)
a masculine proper name
! Goodbye!
well
home (after the verbs "to
go/come")
. Nice to meet you.
(literally: very pleased)
("") I thank ("to
thank")
? Where?
mother
we
(..) my (m.)
(.) my (pl.)
(..) my (f.)
O! Oh! (an exclamation expressing joy,
surprise)
a feminine proper name
Mr.
Ms.
friend
! ("")
Get acquainted! ("to get acquainted/
meet")
! Hello!
too
father
you (sing.)
this, this is
? How?
? How are you/things?

! Hello!
at home
! Good evening!
is (the linking verb "" is usually
omitted)
! Good night!
sorry, unfortunately
there is/are no...

Hi. No.
? Pardon?
? Who?
? a general interrogative word used
to introduce a question
. What a pity!
- 15 -

it (m.)
? Where?
! Good morning!
coffee
, (.., "") Mum, (Voc.)
here (is)
. Here it is/you are.
. Yes.
here
tea
FURTHER EXPLANATIONS
(/)! Goodbye! (is used when saying goodbye, literally means
be healthy!, a wish addressed to someone in the singular form you)
()! Goodbye! (is used when saying goodbye, literally means be
healthy!, a wish addressed to someone in the plural form you)
please
! Goodbye! (see you again, is used in less formal situations)
! Goodbye!
well
! Good evening! (a form of greeting used in the evening)
!/ ! Good morning/afternoon! (a form of greeting
used at daytime)
! Good morning! (a form of greeting used in the morning;
in formal situations ! is used)
! (I) thank (you)!
! Hello! (an informal form of greeting between friends (boys) with the
wish of health)
! I am very pleased. (often used as a set expression after
someone has been introduced to you)
. I am sorry.
! Good night!
. It is a pity./I am sorry. (is used to express ones unhappiness about
an existing situation)
. No.
a form of address to men used with a name or a surname or with both.
a form of address to women used with a name or a surname or with both.
! Excuse me!
! Let me introduce you! (Get acquainted! is used when introducing people to each other)
! Hello! (a form of greeting used between friends)
! You are welcome! (an answer to a thank you)
? Pardon? (used when asking someone to repeat something)
- 16 -
. Yes.
? How are things?
? What is your (pl.) name?
? What is your (sing.) name?
"' "
WORDS RELATED TO THE TOPIC "FAMILY"
/ grandmother/granny
parents (father and mother)
brother
cousin (female)
cousin (male)
() child (children)
/ grandfather
/ daughter
uncle
l. wife 2. woman
son-in-law
// mother/mum
godmother
daughter-in-law
()/
nephew/niece
/
godson/goddaughter
/ a parent/parents
father-in-law (husband's father)

mother-in-law (husband's
mother)
sister
son
/ father/dad
godfather
father-in-law (wife's father)
mother-in-law (wife's mother)
aunt
1 husband 2. man
/ not/married (of a man)
/ not/married (of a woman)
/, not/married (both of
a man or a woman)
, divorced
' name
surname
patronymic (father's name)
GRAMMAR
The Noun
In Ukrainian the noun has gender, case and number distinctions.
There are three genders in Ukrainian. The gender of a noun can be
determined by its ending:
masculine (m) 1. a zero ending1 : 2. the ending -2 : ,
feminine (f.) 1. the ending -: 2. the ending -: ,
neuter (n.) 1. the ending -: 2. the ending -e:
3. the ending -3 :
- 17 -
Note1
A zero ending is a consonant ending: friend
Note2
A noun ending in - is masculine if it denotes a proper name: (the
name of the biggest Ukrainian river)
Note3
A noun ending in - is neuter if preceded by a double consonant: life
The Nominative case (Nom.)

In Ukrainian nouns decline. Declension is a change in the ending of a noun
to denote its function in the sentence. The endings a noun can acquire
depending on its function in the sentence are called cases. There are 7 cases
in Ukrainian.
The Nominative case of a noun is its base form, so the gender of a noun is
determined in this case. The Nominative case endings have been given
above when dealing with the gender of nouns. Here they are in table format:
gender
case
feminine
masculine
neuter
-
-e
-a
-
-
-
Nom

mum Maria Taras the Dnipro
bed
place
life
? (Who?)
? (What?)
The use of the Nominative case
1. A noun in the Nominative case is used in the sentence as the subject:
(Nom.) . (Maria is my friend.)
2. A noun in the Nominative case is used in the sentence as a complement
after the linking verb "" (is), which is most often omitted in Ukrainian:
(Nom.). (Maria is my friend.)
The Vocative case (Voc.)

case
Nom.
Voc.
gender
feminine
-a
,
Mum
-
,
- 18 -
masculine
,
Taras
-e
,
Mum
Taras
Note 1
Feminine gender nouns in - have the Vocative case ending -e:
.
Feminine gender nouns in - have the Vocative case ending -:
.
Note 2
Masculine gender nouns ending in -, - have the Vocative case ending -y:
(university teacher) , (friend)
Masculine gender nouns ending in -, - have the Vocative case ending -:
(teacher) , .
The use of the Vocative case
The Vocative case is used to address:
1. living beings: , ? (Maria, where are you?)
2. personified things: (Voc), (Voc)! (Ukraine, my land!)
The Adjective
The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, case and number. Here is a
table of the adjective's Nominative case endings:
gender
case
feminine
masculine
neuter
-a
-
-e
Nom.

good coffee
a good friend
a good life
? (What?)
? (What?)
? (What?)
The pronoun
Personal pronouns
person
1st
2nd
3d
singular
you
he, it
she, it
it
plural
we
you
they
Note
The pronoun "", apart from being the plural form of "", also denotes
- 19 -
the singular form of polite address: 1. to a stranger 2. to a person senior to

us in age (parents and the like) 3. to a person senior in rank.
Possessive pronouns
/*
I
you
he, it
it
she, it
we
you
they
m.

my your(thy) his, its
its
her,its
our
your their
f.

my
your
his, its
its
her,its
our
your
their
n.

my
your
his, its
its
her,its
our
your
their
pl.

my
your
his, its
its
her,its
our
your
their
? (m.) ? (f.) ? (n.) ? (pl.) Whose?
For example:
: ////// my/your/his/her/our/your/
their father;
: ////// my/your/his/her/our/
your/their mother;
: ////// my/your/his/her/our/
your/their life.
Note
Possessive pronouns have the same properties as adjectives, i.e., they agree
with nouns in gender, number and case, except for the forms ", ",
which remain the same.
The Numeral
Numerals from 1 to 10
Cardinal numerals
one
two
three
four
' five
six
seven
eight
Ordinal numerals
, , first
, , second
, , third
, , fourth
', , fifth
, , sixth
, , seventh
, , eighth
- 20 -
' nine
ten
', , ninth
, , tenth
! PRACTISING!!!
1
Indicate the gender of the nouns below, using the pronouns ", ,
" as in the example:
, ,
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. ,
8. , 9. , 10. , 11.
2
Use the nouns below with the possessive pronouns indicated in brackets, as
shown in the example:
(, , , , , , , ) //////

1. (, , ,), 2. (, , ), 3. (, , ),
4. (, , ), 5. (, , ), 6. (, , ),
7. (, , )

Use the appropriate possessive pronoun "" or "" for the person in
brackets, as in the example:
()
()
1. (), 2. (), 3. (),
4. (), 5. ()
4
Answer the questions below, using the appropriate possessive pronoun for
the person in brackets, as shown in the example:
? (). Whose son is he?(she)
. Hers.
1. ? () 2. ? () 3. ? ()
4. ? () 5. ? () 6.
? () 7. ? ()
5
Ask the questions "?" or "?", as in the example:
- 21 -
. ?
. ?
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5.
. 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. .
6
Use the following pairs of words in a sentence, as in the example:
(mum dad): , . (Here is
, and here is Dad)
, , , ,
7
Give an answer to the questions below, using the words "" or
"", as shown in the example:
? Where (is) he (going) to? . (is going) home.
? Where (is) he? . (is) at home.
1. ? ____. 2. ? ____. 3. ? ____.
4. ? ____. 5. ? ____. 6. ?
____. 7. ? ____. 8. ? ____. 9. ?
____. 10. ? ______. 11. ? ______. 12.
? ____.
8
Make little dialogues following the example:
? . ()
?
.
1. ()? 2. ()? 3. ()? 4. ()?
5. ()?
9
Use the adjective ", , " with the nouns below selecting
the correct gender:
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. ,
9. , 10.
10
A. Name the following numbers, as in the example:
8
1, 3, 4, 8, 10, 6, 2, 0, 7, 9, 3, 1, 5, 7, 4, 1, 3, 7, 4, 6, 9, 10, 2, 5, 2, 6, 4, 8
. Form the ordinal numerals to the following cardinals, using them in the
- 22 -
gender indicated in brackets:

8()
2(a), 4(e), 5(), l(a), 7(e), 10(), 8(), 6(), 3(), 9()
11
Put the words in brackets into the Vocative case:
1. (), ? 2. (), ? 3. (), ?
4. (), ? 5. (), ? 6. (), ?
12
Fill in the spaces with the corresponding word or expression from the
dialogues:
1. ____! , . ____.
2. ? ____, . ____, ! 3. !
. ____! 4. ? ____? ? .
13
The underlined words in the sentences below contain a mistake, correct it,
please:
1. , ? 2. ? . 3. .
4. . 5. ? 6. , ?
7. . 8. . 9. ? .
10. ? .
14
Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
1. She is my friend. 2. He is my friend, too. 3. Whose parents are
they? 4. It is good tea. 5. Is Taras at home? No, I am sorry, he is
not. 6. Oxana, where is Solomia? 7. How are things? All right.
8. Let me introduce you. This my father and this is my mother.
Nice to meet you.
- 23 -
(The Cafe)
: ! (Let us go to a caf!)
: ! (Lets go!)
: , , ? (Is
this table free, please?)
a: ! (Yes, it is.)
: ! (Lets sit down here!)
: , , . (What about over there, near the
window?)
: , , ! (True, it is light
near the window, lets go over there!)
a: , ! (Here is the menu!)
: , ! (Oh, thank you!)
: ? (What will you order?)
: . ? (A piece of cake and juice. What about you?)
: . , . (I dont
want any juice. Maybe, a piece of cake and a cup of green tea.)
ia: , ! (Will you order, please?)
: . (I shall have a piece of cake and (a glass)of
juice.)
: . (And for me, a piece of
cake and (a cup of) green tea.)
a: , . C! (Here is your order.
Bon apptit!)
: , . (Yes, thank you!)
(Roksolyana says to the waiter): , ,
? (I am sorry, but my tea is not sweet enough, could you give me
some more sugar?)
a: , . ! (Yes, of course, here it is!)
: . , , ? (Now, it is
fine. Well, Yaryna, what is he like?)
: ? (Who is he?)
- 24 -
: ! (Your new boyfriend!)

: , , . (Oh, Ostap, he is
just a good friend.)
: , ! ? (Well, okay! What does
he do?)
: . (Ostap is a doctor.)
: , . (Oh! That is a nice job!)
: , . (Yes, really.)
: , , ! (Waiter,
will you bring the bill, please!)
! an exclamation rendering
disappointment
but
(..) near (Gen.)
() (..; ) (near) the
window (Gen.;)
, , free
, , nice, beautiful
really
(..) to (Gen.)
to add/give some more
very
() we thank (to
thank)
order
! () (Will you)
order! (to order)
() you order
(to order)
, , green
of course
, , acquaintance/friend
() (..; ) (to)
the caf (Gen.;)
doctor
(..; ) me (Dat.)
menu
maybe
probably
not (a negative verb particle)
! Let it be!
, , new
!? an exclamation rendering surprise
a masculine proper name
() (..; ) (to)
the waiter (Gen.)
, (..; ) Waiter!
(Voc.)
() little packet
(packet)
! ()
Excuse me (to excuse)
() he works (to
work)
just
() Will you...?
(literally: I ask you; to ask)
() Here it is/you are
(literally: I ask you; to ask)
bill
job/work
it is clear/light
! () Let us sit down!
(to sit down)
juice
(..; ) juice (Gen.)
- 25 -
, , sweet
! () (Will you) tell!
(to tell)
! Bon apptit!
really
() little table (table)
and
over there
now
cake
that (is)
over there
1. boyfriend; 2. boy
X! () Let us go! (to go)
() I want (to want)
, , this (m./f./n.)
(..; ) sugar (Gen.)
? Could you?
some more
, , ? What?

(CAFE AND FOOD)
Beverages
water
coffee
milk
juice
tea
Spirits
wine
horilka (Ukrainian strong
alcoholic drink)
liqueur
beer
Dishes
First course
borshch (Ukrainian beetroot
soup)
bouillon
soup
Second course
varenyky (dumplings
stuffed with cheese, potatoes or cabbage)
a dish made from potatoes,
rice or hrechka rolled in a cabbage
leaf
buckwheat
mlyntsi (pancakes stuffed with
cheese or meat)
porridge
rice
Meat dishes
steak
sauce
chop
Kinds of meat
chicken
fish
pork
veal
beef
Dessert
ice cream
cake (small one)
cake (big one)
biscuit
hot chocolate
Vegetables
beetroot
cabbage
potatoes
carrot
cucumber
pepper
- 26 -
garlic
Fruit
grapes
cherry
pear
melon
water melon
plum
sweet cherry-like fruit
apple
Spices
mustard
pepper
salt
sugar
Table set
fork
cup
(a) crystal glass
spoon
knife
bottle
(a) glass
plate
The Present tense

The Ukrainian Present tense is formed by adding personal Present tense
endings to the stem of the verb.
The stem of the verb in the Present tense often coincides with the stem of the
infinitive form of the verb, which is the form of the verb without the suffix
-: (to order) -, (to sit down) -.
The stem of some verbs in the Present tense must be remembered:
(to want) -, (to go) -.
We distinguish two conjugation groups of verbs in the Present tense (we
shall indicate the verbs conjugation group by using the figures (1) or (2) in
brackets beside a verb).
The conjugation is the adding of certain endings to the verb to show the
person, the number and the tense it refers to.
Here is a table of personal Present tense endings of verbs of the first
conjugation group:
the verbs stem ends in a
the verbs stem ends in a vowel:
consonant:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 27 -
Some more examples of the conjugation of verbs of the first conjugation

group in the Present tense (the forms in brackets are those in the mperative
mood):
(to sit down) -

(!)
(C!) (!)

* (to thank) -

Note*
Verbs with the infinitive suffix -- lose it in the Present tense:
-:
(to go) -

(!)
(!) (!)

The use of the Present tense

The Present tense denotes an action which is:
1. not completed and is going on now: . (I am
ordering tea now.)
2. repetitive, habitual action in the present: . (I
always order tea.)
Thus, the Ukrainian Present tense corresponds to the English Present
Indefinite and Present Continuous tenses.
The Genitive case

Here is a table with the Genitive case endings for nouns:
case
gender
feminine
masculine
neuter
-a
-
-
Nom.
mum
Taras
juice
a bed
place
-
-
-
-
-
Gen.
? (Whom?)
? (What?)
Note 1
- 28 -
life
-
Feminine nouns in - have the Genitive case ending -i: i

Feminine nouns in - have the Genitive case ending -: .
Note 2
Masculine nouns ending in -, - have the Genitive case ending -:
(teacher) , .
Note 3
Masculine nouns, denoting: 1. space 2. matter 3. countries 4. abstract ideas,
have the Genitive case ending -/-: (University) , (juice) , , (China) .
Here is a table of the Genitive case of pronouns:
case
Nom.
Gen.
me
thou
you
(thee)
person
/

he/it
she
we
/1 /2
him
her
us
you
you
they
/3
them
Remember!!!
The Genitive case forms 1, 2 3 are used when a preposition
precedes them. Compare: , , (Gen.). (I dont know him,
her, them (Gen.).) , , (Gen.). (I am going to
him, her, them (Gen.).)
The use of the Genitive case
The Genitive case is used:
1. to express possession or belonging, which is why it corresponds to the
English Possessive case expressed by means of the ending -s or the
preposition of : (Nom.) (Gen.) Marias coffee
2. with verbs in the negative form: (Gen.). (I dont want any
coffee (Gen.).)
3. after the word , which is the negative form of : (Gen.)
. (There is no coffee(Gen.).)
4. after quantity words:
(much), (little), (a little), (one liter),
(a cup of): (much coffee), (little coffee),
(a little coffee), (a liter of milk),
(a cup of coffee)
- 29 -
5. with some prepositions requiring its use, amongst which are:

prepositions
/*
at ones place
to
from
//
out of/from
at/near/beside
human beings
(Taras)
. (He is at
Tarass place)
. (I am going
to Taras/Tarass place.)
. (I am
coming from Tarass place.)
***
. (I am beside
Taras. (or) I am near Tarass
place.)
objects
(caf)
***
i. (I am going
to a caf)
.
(I am going from caf to caf.)
. (I am coming
from/out of a caf)
. (I am near the
caf.)
Note*
The preposition / used with a noun (denoting human beings) or a
pronoun in the Genitive case expresses:
1. ones location:
. (I am at my friends place). . (You are at Tarass
place.)
2. possessive meaning and is to be translated into English by using the verb
to have:
////// . (I/you/he/she/we/you/they
have/has a sister.)
The Numeral
Numerals from 11 19
Cardinal numerals from 1119 are formed by adding to ones the stem
-:
Cardinal numerals
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeeen
eighteen
Ordinal numerals
, , eleventh
, , twelfth
, , thirteenth
, , fourteenth
, , fifteenth
, , sixteenth
, , seventeenth
, , eighteenth
- 30 -
nineteen
, , nineteenth
!!! PRACTISING!!!
1
Put the verbs below into the person indicated in brackets, as shown in the
example:
(, ): ,
1. (, , , ), 2. (, , , ), 3. (,
, , ), 4. (, , , )
2
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal endings of the Present tense:
1. ...? 2. ...? 3. ...? 4.
...? 5. ...? 6. ...? 7. ...?
3
Put the words in brackets into the Genitive case:
1. (). 2. (). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. (). 6.
(). 7. ().
4
Make the following sentences negative, as shown in the example:
. .
1. . 2. . 3. . 4.
. 5. .
5
Put the pronouns in brackets into the Genitive case, as shown in the
example:
. () . .
1. . () . 2. . () . 3.
. () . 4. . () . 5.
. () . 6. . () .
6
example:
? (). .
1. ? (). 2. ? (). 3.
? (). 4. ? (). 5.
- 31 -
? (). 6. ? ().
7. ? ().
7
example:
? (). .
1. ? ()? 2. ? ().
3. ? (). 4. ?
(). 5. ? ()? 6. ?
(). 7. ? ().
8
example:
? (). .
1. ? (). 2. ? ()?
3. ? (). 4. ?
(). 5. ? ()? 6. ?
()?
9
Answer the questions, putting the pronouns in brackets into the Genitive
case:
? (). .
1. ? (). 2. ? (). 3. ?
(). 4. ? (). 5. ? (). 6.
? ().
10
Put the words in brackets into the appropriate form:
1. ? () ().
2. ? () ().
3. ? () .
4. ? () .
5. ? ().
6. ? ().
7. ? , ().
8. ? , () .
9. ? , ().
10. ? , () ().
- 32 -
11
.Write in words the following numerals:
1 11, 2 12, 3 13, 4 14, 5 15, 6 16, 7 17, 8 18, 9 19
. Form the ordinals from the cardinal numerals above, using them in the
masculine gender
12
please:
1. . 2. , , . 3.
. 4. . 5. . 6.
? 7. . 8. ,
. 9. . 10. . 11.
. 12. ? , , . 13.
. 14. . 15. ? ,
. 16. ? 17. ? 18. .
19. (). 20. .
13
Choose the correct answer according to the dialogue:
1. :
. ; . .
2. :
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 33 -
(An invitation to the

theater)
: ! (llo!)
: ! (Hello Yaryna!)
: , ? (Is that you Ostap?)
: , . (Yes, it is me.)
: . ? (Glad to hear you. How
are you?)
: . ? (Fine. And you?)
: . (I am all right too.)
: ? (What are you doing now?)
: . (Eating.)
: ? (What are you eating?)
: . (Drinking coffee and eating some
biscuits.)
: ? (Is it tasty?)
: . (Very much so.)
: , ? (Okay, and what are you
doing tomorrow?)
: , , . (Oh,
tomorrow I am busy, must write an article for Monday.)
: . ? (Its a pity. And what about Saturday?)
: . (On Saturday I am
going to Roksolyanas birthday party.)
: , ? (Well, when are you free, then?)
: . (On Sunday.)
: . (Then, I want
to invite you to the theater on Sunday.)
: ? (And what is on at the theater?)
: . (The drama Stolen Happiness)
: , ., .
(Oh, I like this drama by I. Franko very much, though it is very sad.)
: , ? ? (So,
- 34 -
then, you agree? I can buy a ticket (for you) for the performance?)
: , . (Yes, of course.)
: ! (Then, see you on Sunday!)
: ! (Bye!)

all/everything
() (. .; ) (for)
the performance (Acc.;)
free/vacant
(. .) to (Gen.)
drama
tomorrow
now
, a, e busy
to invite
of course
, , to agree (adj., that who
agrees)
() I eat/am eating (to eat)
() you eat/are eating (to
eat)
() (it) goes (to go)
() I go/am going (to go)
I am going to
birthday party
* to go to ones
birthday party
(..; ) coffee (Acc.)
(..) ticket for (Acc.)
? When?
to buy
() I can (can)
() I must (must)
+ (..) for + time (Acc.)
() I love/like (to
love/like)
() (..; ) (on)
Sunday (Acc.;)
even
() (..; ) (till)
Sunday (Gen.;)
, (..; ) Ostap, (Voc.)
biscuit
to write
() (..) (for) Monday
(Acc.)
() I drink/am drinking (to
drink)
, , happy
() you do/are doing
(to do)
() (..; )
(to) Roksolyana (Gen.)
it is tasty
(..; ) article (Acc.)
() (..; ) (on)
Saturday (Acc.)
, , sad
(..; ) you (Acc.)
() (..; ) (in) the
theater (Loc.)
(..; ) theater (Gen.)
then
(..; ) this
drama (Acc.)
though
() I want (to want)
to hear
? How?
- 35 -

(TIME AND LEISURE)
. (..)/ (..) to go
to/for (Acc.)/(Loc.)
to go for (a cup of) coffee
to go to a performance
to go to a concert
to go on holidays
to go to a lesson
to go to work
to go somewhere as a guest
to go on a leave
. Time
yesterday
hour
() day (at daytime)
24 hours
always
tomorrow
now
() sometimes
month
never
() night (at night)
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
() noon (at noon)
() morning (in the
morning)
year
century
today
week
millenium
minute
Days of the week
/ + (..) on/for +day (Acc.)
(/) (on/for) Monday
(/) (on/for) Tuesday
(/) () (on/for) Wednesday

(/) (on/for) Thursday
(/) () (on/for) Friday
(/)() (on/for) Saturday
(/) () (on/for) Sunday
Months
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
January (Gen.)/in January (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
February (Gen.)/in February (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/
(Loc.) March (Gen.)/in March (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
April (Gen.)/in April (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
May (Gen.)/in May (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
June (Gen.)/in June (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
July (Gen.)/in July (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
August (Gen.)/in August (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/
(Loc.) September (Gen.)/in September
(Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
October (Gen.)/in October (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.) November (Gen.)/in November (Loc.)
/ (Gen.)/ (Loc.)
December (Gen.)/in December (Loc.)
Seasons
() winter (in winter)
() spring (in spring)
() summer (in summer)
() autumn (in autumn)
- 36 -

The Present tense (continuation)
The Present tense of verbs of the second
conjugation group
The Present tense of verbs of the second conjugation is formed by adding
personal Present tense endings to the stem of the verb.
The stem of verbs of the second conjugation is formed by leaving out the
infinitive suffix - and dropping the preceding stem vowel:
(to do) -, (must) -.
Here is a table of personal Present tense endings
of verbs of
the second conjugation group:
the verbs stem ends in a consonant
the verbs stem ends in a vowel
(must) -
(to stand) -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
/- -
-
-
-
-
-
Note 1
The stem of verbs of the second conjugation quite often undergoes sound
changes in the 1st person singular : (-) .
Note 2
A number of verbs of the second conjugation have mixed endings, i.e., soft
and hard endings in one verb, depending on the stems final consonant:
.
Note 3
Verbs of the second conjugation whose stem ends in -, -, - (-,
-) get an intermediary - before the personal endings in the 1st person
singular and the 3d person plural, moreover, it softens the personal endings
into - and - respectively:
p (to do) -()-

(!)
, ,
(to love) -()-

(!)
//
- 37 -
(!)
(!)

(!)
(!)

Conjugation of the irregular verb * (to eat) in

the Present tense:

//
Some more examples of the conjugation of verbs of

the first conjugation in the present tense:
(can) -

//
(to drink) -

(!)
(!)
(!)
//
(to write) -

(!)
(!) (!)
//
(to have) -

//

The Accusative case

Here is a table with the Accusative case endings
for nouns:
case
Nom.
Acc.
gender
masculine
feminine
living
object
being
-a
mum
table
Ostap
bed
-
Nom.
Gen.
Nom.
? (Whom?)
? (What?)
neuter
-
place
Nom.
life
Nom.
Note
Feminine nouns in -, - have the Accusative case ending -:
, .
Here is a table of the Accusative case of pronouns:
- 38 -
case
Nom.
Acc.
me
you
you
person
/
he/it
she
him
her
we
us
you
you
they
them
Note
The forms of the personal pronouns in the Accusative case coincide with
those in the Genitive case.
The use of the Accusative case
The Accusative case is used:
1. with nouns or pronouns as the direct object to the predicate
The direct object is a noun or pronoun to which the action of the verb is
directed; it very often directly follows the verb:
. (I love Taras.) . (Taras loves
Solomia.) . (Solomia likes coffee.)
. (Taras likes juice.)
2. with some prepositions requiring its use:
The Accusative case is used with the days of the week, when they are
preceded by the prepositions (for) or (on):
(Saturday) / (on/for Saturday)
The Date
1. To say the date, the neuter ordinal in the Nominative case is used, while
for the name of the month the Genitive case is used:
? (What is the date today?). ,
, ... (Today is the first of April, the second of
July, the sixth of August)
2. To say on what date something happens, the neuter ordinal in the
Genitive case (ending in -) is used, with the name of the month in the
Genitive case too:
/ ? (When/On what date were you born?)
. (On the 6th of May.)
(, , , , , ,
, , ) (on the 1st/3d/4th/5th/6th/7th/8th/9th/
10th of April)
- 39 -
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal endings of the Present tense:
. 1. ...? 2. ...? 3. ...? 4.
...? 5. ...? 6. ...? 7. ...? 8.
... ? 9. ... ? 10. ... ? 11.
... ? 12. ... ? 13. ...
?
. 1. ... . 2. ...? 3. .... 4.
...? 5. ... . 6. ...? 7.
...? 8. ... . 9. ...? 10. . 11. ...?
12. ...? 13 ... .
. 1. ... . 2. ...? 3. ...? 4.
? ... . 5. ...? 6. ... .
2
Put the verb into the appropriate personal form:
1. () . 2. ()? 3. (). 4. ()
. 5. (). 6. () .
3
Put the nouns in brackets into the Accusative case:
1. (). 2. (). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. ().
4
Put the nouns in brackets into the Accusative case:
1. (). 2. (). 3. ().
4. (). 5. (). 6.
(). 7. (). 8. (). 9. ().
10. (). 11. ()? 12.
(). 13. ().
5
Make the following sentences negative, using the nouns in the Genitive
case, as shown in the example:
. .
1. 2. . 3. (the
o is dropped). 4. . 5. . 6.
.
- 40 -
6
Put the pronouns in brackets into the Accusative case:
1. (). 2. ()? 3. (). 4.
(). 5. (). 6. (). 7. ().
7
Put the pronoun in brackets into the Accusative case, then make the sentence negative, as shown in the example (pay attention to the fact that
pronouns in the Accusative and Genitive case have the same form):
(). . .
1. (). 2. (). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. (). 6. ().
8
Put the names of the days of the week into the Accusative case:
1. () . 2. ()? 3.
() . 4. () . 5. ()
. 6. () . 7. ()
.
9
Answer the following questions, using the dates in brackets either in the
Nominative case or in the Genitive case, as shown in the example:
? .
? .
1. ? (4 ). 2.
? (1 ). 3. ?
(5 ). 4. ? (12 ).
5. ? (8 ). 6.
? (1 ).
10
1. ?
. ; . .
2. , ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
- 41 -
5. ?
. ; . .
- 42 -
! (News!)
: , ! (Hello Roksolyana!)
: , ! (Hello Yaryna!)
: , ! (Roksolyana, I am
so glad!)
: ? (What is the matter?)
: , ! (Roksolyana, tomorrow I am
going to the theater!)
: ! (Wonderful!)
: ! (Guess with whom?)
: ? (With Ostap?)
: ! ! (Yes! But now I have a problem!)
: ? (What (problem)?)
: ? (What I have to wear?)
: . .
. (This is not a problem
at all. This problem can be solved. I suggest going to the clothes shop
tomorrow.)
: , ? (Do you think it is worth doing?)
: , , . (Oh, yes, for sure, I
think he is worth it.)
: () , ! .
((laughter). Oky, a wonderful idea. Thank you for the good advice.)
: ! (Not at all!)
: ! (See you tomorrow!)
: , ! (Okay! See you tomorrow!)

!
, , (..) worth (Gen.)
it is worth
1. to wear 2. to put on
1. to solve 2. to decide
! () Guess!
(sing.; to guess)
! Okay!
() (..; )
- 43 -
(for) nice advice (Acc.)

! See you tomorrow!
() you think (to
think)
idea/thought
( (..)) I thank
(to thank for (Acc.))
/ (..) with (Abl.)
not at all
() (..; ) (with) whom
(Abl.; who)
() (..; ) (to)
the shop (Gen.)
() I have (to have)
() (..; ) (with) me (Abl.;I)
one can/it is possible
! Not at all! (as an answer
to a thank you)
() (..; ) (with)
Ostap (Abl.)
(..; ) clothes (Gen.)
to go
, , wonderful
wonderfully
(..) problem (Acc.)
() I suggest
(to suggest)
to do
, , such
* ? What is the matter?
(..; )
this problem (Acc.)
(..; ) this (Gen.)
that (conjunction)

(NATIONALITY AND LANGUAGES)
(Country) (Nationality) (Language)
(Slavic countries)
(Bielorus) /
(a Slavic province in Germany) /

(Macedonia) /
(Poland) /
(Russia) /
(Serbia) /
(Slovakia) /
(Ukraine) /
(Croatia) /
(the Czech republic) /
Some other European countries
(England) /
(Belgium) /
(Holland) /
- 44 -
(Greece) /
(Denmark) /
(Spain) /
(Germany) /
(Norway) /
(Portugal) /
(Rumania) /
(Turkey) /
(Hungary) /
(France) /
(Switzerland) /
(Sweden) /
:
? (Where are you from?) . (I am from Ukraine.)
? (What is your nationality?)
/. (I am Ukrainian.)
The verb (to have)

The verb denotes:
1. possession: . (I have a friend.)
2. obligation/planned action (when followed by a verb):
. (I have to write an article.)
The Ablative case

Here is a table with the Ablative case endings for
nouns:
case
Nom.
Abl.
feminine
-a
masculine
neuter
-
Note 1
Feminine nouns ending in - have the Ablative case ending -:

- 45 -

Note 2
Masculine nouns ending in -, -, - have the Ablative case ending -:
(teacher) , (university teacher) , (friend) .
Masculine nouns ending in - have the Ablative case ending -:
.
Here is a table with the Ablative case endings of
pronouns:
case
Nom.
Abl.
you
person
/
he/it
she/it
we
you
they
The use of the Ablative case

The Ablative case is used:
1. in the instrumental meaning, i.e., to show that something is done by
means of something: . (I write with a pen.) . (I go by bus.)
2. with verbs requiring its use:
. (to work as a teacher), (to
be a doctor), (to speak a language)
. reflexive verbs often require the use of the Ablative case (for
explanation see the next lesson)
3. with some prepositions, amongst which are:
(with): . (I am going with Taras to a caf.)
. (I am going with him to a caf.)
(behind): ? . (Where are you? Behind the caf.)
(before/in front of): ? . (Where is he?
In front of the caf.)
4. with space nouns preceded by verbs of movement f. ex.:
, (to walk along the street, the road)
The emphatic adjective , ,

so/such
- 46 -
The emphatic adjective , , emphasizes the attributive quality of

another adjective. It agrees with the latter in gender, case and number:
(such a nice boy), such a nice
girl, (such a nice life)
The Adverb
The Ukrainian adverb is formed by adding the suffix -o- to the stem of the
adjective:
adjective -, , -, , (nice)
adverb
- (nicely)
-
? (How?)
Note 1
If the stem of an adjective ends in -, -, -, the suffix - is added to it to
form an adverb: , ,
Note 2
To emphasize an adverb, the emphatic word (so) is used:
(so well), (so nicely)
The Numeral
The numerals from 20100
Cardinal numerals
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
' twenty-nine
thirty
forty
' fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
' ninety
hundred
Ordinal numerals
, , twentieth
, , twenty-first
, , twenty-second
', , twenty-ninth
, , thirtieth
, , fourtieth
', , fiftieth
, , sixtieth
, , seventieth
, , eightieth
', , ninetieth
, , hundredth
!!!
- 47 -
1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal endings of the verb in the
Present tense:
1. ... ? 2. ... ? 3.
.... . 4. ...? 5.
... . 6. ... . 7. ...
? 8. ... . 9. ...
? 10. ... . 11.
(at all) ... .
2
Put the nouns in brackets into the Ablative case, as shown in the example:
? (What language do you speak?)
(). .(I speak Ukrainian.)
1. ? (). 2.
? (). 3.
? (). 4. ?
(). 5. ?
().
3
Put the nouns in brackets into the Ablative case, as shown in the example:
?(What does he do?) ().
.(He works as a teacher.)
1. ? (, the -e is dropped). 2.
? (). 3. ?
(). 4. ? (,
the -e is dropped). 5. ().
4
Answer the following questions using the nouns in brackets in the Ablative
case, as in the example:
?() (Who are you going to the
theater with?) . (With Volodymyr.)
1. ? (). 2. ?
(). 3. ? (). 4. ? ().
5. ? ().
5
Put the pronouns in brackets into the Ablative case:
- 48 -
1. () . 2. ()? 3.
()? 4. (). 5. (),
().
6
Put the words used with the prepositions into the Accusative:
1. ? (). 2. ?
(). 3. ()? , ().
4. ? (). 5. ?
(). 6. ().
7
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate endings, using , , with
the adjectives:
1. ... . 2. ... .3. ... .,
... . 4. ... , ... . 5.
... , ... .
8
Form the adverbs for the following adjectives:
, , , , ,
9
Write the following numbers in words, as in the example:
. cardinal numerals
6
1 11, 2 12 20 21, 3 13 30 32, 4 14 40 43, 5 15 50 54,
6 16 60 65, 7 17 70 76, 8 18 80 87, 9 19 90 98
. ordinal numerals (using them in the gender form indicated in brackets):
38 ()
1(), 2(), 3,(), 21(), 32(), 43(), 54(), 65(), 76(), 87(), 98()
10
Say the following dates:
1. ? (28 ). 2. ?
(29 ) 3. ? (27 ).
4. (26 )? 5. ? (16
).
11
please:
- 49 -
1. ? 2. ? . 3.
. 4. . 5.
. 6. ? 7. ? 8.
. 9. ? 10. . 11.
. 12. . 13.
? . 14. ? 15.
. 16. ? . 17.
? 18. ? 19.
? 20. .
12
Choose the right answer according to the dialogue:
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. , :
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. :
. ; .
- 50 -
(Getting ready in the morning)

: ? (What
are you doing in the bathroom for so long?)
: ! (Putting on my make-up)
: !
! (Be quick! Because I need to use the bathroom,
too.)
: , ? (Mum, where is my
comb?)
: ! (Have a look on the shelf!)
: . . , . ! (It is not there. I must brush my hair with a brush. Now, I am
through. You can come in.)
20 (In twenty minutes.)
: , . (Yaryna, it is time for you to
leave.)
: , ! (Yes, I know, but I am still
getting dressed.)
: , . (Hurry up, or youll be
late for work.)
(After work at the

hairdressers.)
: ! ? (Good afternoon! What can I do for you?)
: . (I should like to
have my hair trimmed.)
: .
. , ? (Youll
have to wait a little. I am still busy. Would you like to have manicure or
pedicure done?)
: . . ? (No, I have
very little time. How long will I have to wait?)
- 51 -
: . . ? (Not long.
I am already finishing. Will you have your hair washed?)
: . . (No. My hair is clean.)

or else
because
1. to go/come out 2. to leave
already
1. all 2. be through
, , ready
comb
(..) to (Gen.)
for a long time
+ in +time
! () (Will you)
finish! (to finish)
() youll be
late (to be late)
to go/come in
() I know (to know)
(..; ) it (Gen.; it)
() (..; ) (to)
the bathroom (Gen.)
() (..; ) (in)
the bathroom (Loc.)
() I am
putting make-up (to put make-up;

literally: to paint oneself)
(..; ) me (Dat.; I)
I need
(..) at/on (Loc.)
(..) for/to (Acc.)
() I dress/am
dressing (to dress)
! () Have a
look! (to have a look)
() (..; ) (on) the
shelf (Loc.)
it is time
! () Hurry up!
(to hurry up)
+ so + adverb
too
(..; ) you (Dat.sing.)
to comb
() quicker (quick)
(..; ) brush (Abl.)
still (with a verb)

() you wish (to
wish)
() you will wash
(to wash)
hair
() I am
finishing (to finish)
to wait
/ to have
manicure/pedicure done
(..; ) head (Acc.)
I need
to trim
(..) after (Gen.)
() I am in a
hurry (to be in a hurry)
(..)? How much (Gen.)?
() (..; ) (after)
work (Gen.)
a little
(..; ) one
moment (Acc.)
(..; ) time (Gen.)
to wait
- 52 -
, , clean

(BODY AND HYGIENE)

Parts of the human body
brows
hair
ear
head
breasts
lips
stomach/belly
nose
leg
face
() eye (eyes)
finger
arm/hand
neck

Some inner organs
lungs
kidney
liver
heart
stomach
Hygiene
() to dry/wipe (oneself)
() to shave (oneself)
water
comb
soap
() to wash (oneself)
perfume
toothpaste
towel
to dry
() to comb/brush (oneself)
to clean the teeth
brush
Everyday work
/ to make
the bed
// to wash the
dishes/the floor/the window
to iron
to wash (clothes)
to clean/do up the
room
to put in order
The reflexive verb

The reflexive verb is a verb used with the reflexive particle : (to
wash) (to wash oneself). The particle is fixed to the verb and
unchangeable: (to wash oneself), (to meet (one
another)). It shows that the action expressed by the verb is directed at the
subject, i.e., the doer of that action: . (I am washing my hair).
. (I am washing myself.) Verbs with the particle conjugate in
the same way as simple verbs, but for a little change in the ending of the 3d
- 53 -
person singular, which always has the final .

Here is a table with personal endings of reflexive
verbs of the first conjugation in the Present
tense:
the stem of the verb ends in a vowel
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
the stem of the verb ends in a consonant

(to comb) -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Here is a table with personal endings of reflexive

verbs of the second conjugation in the Present
tense:
the stem of the verb ends in a consonant
(to study) -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
the stem of the verb ends in a vowel

(to fear) -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Note
Here is the conjugation of a verb of the second conjugation with mixed
endings (soft endings in the 1st person singular and the 3d person plural, hard
endings in all the other persons):
(to
shave
(oneself))

//
(m.), (f.), (n.)

to need
(m.), (f.), (n.) is an adjective expressing
some need, necessity. The adjective agrees in gender and number with the
noun denoting something we need. The person who needs something is used
in the Dative case (for the Dative case see the next lesson):
(Dat.) . (I need Olesya.) . (I need
- 54 -
Taras.) . (I need some soap.)
to need
/ is an adverb which, when used with a verb, denotes the
necessity of an action. The person who needs to do a certain action is used
in the Dative case:
(Dat.) . (I must go.) . (I must
/need (to) work.)
!!!
1
Add the particle to the underlined verbs, making them reflexive (mind
the 3d person singular, and dont forget to drop the noun following the verb)
. : , ,
, , ,
. : , , ,
, ,
. : , , ,
, ,
. : , , ,
, (dresses),
2
Put the words in brackets into the Ablative case:
1. (, the -i- changes into an -e-). 2. ().
3. (). 4. (). 5.
(). 6. () ? 7. () ?
3
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal endings of reflexive verbs in
the Present tense:
1. ...? ... . 2. ? ....
3. ...? , .... 4. ....
5. ...? 6. ....
4
Fill in the blanks with the reflexive particle where necessary:
- 55 -
. 1. ... . 2. ...? 3.
...? 4. ... . 5. . 6.
? . 7. .
. 1. . 2. ? 3.
? 4. ? 5.
? 6. ? 7.
?
. . 2. . 3.
? 4. e . 5. .
. 1. ? . 2. ? . 3.
? 4. . 5.
? 6. .
5
Fill in the blanks with , , , ,
choosing the appropriate form:
1. ___ . 2. ___ . 3. ___ . 4.
___ . 5. ___ . 6. ___ .
7. ___ . 8. ___ . 9. ___ .
6
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 56 -
(The clothes shop)

: , , ,
. (Hello, Roksolyana, as always, you
are precisely on time.)
: , ,
? (Hello, Yaryna, so, where are we going first?)
: , , ! (Here, nearby, is a
shop, lets begin with it!)
: (The girls walk into the shop:)
: ! . ,
. (Look! I like that black dress. I wonder whether there is (one
in) my size.)
: , . (Yes, really, it
looks very nice.)
: , , .
(Could you tell me please, whether you have a dress like this one, but in my
size?)
(Saleswoman): , . ?
. (I am sorry, but it has been sold (there are not
any left). What do you think of that dress? Now, brown is in fashion.)
: , . .
, , . (I dont think I like it.
Brown does not suit me. Besides, I dont like the style. I think its too long.)
: ? (What about this blue one?)
: . ,
. (I dont like blue very much. Besides, it is too short.)
: , ? (Yaryna, what do you think of
that green one?)
: , . ,
. (Oh, this one is much nicer than that
blue one. Could I try on this green one?)
: , . . (Yes, of course, the
fitting-room is to the left.)
- 57 -
: ? ? (Well? Does it fit you?)

: . . (I do not know yet.)
: , ! (Well, come out!)
: ... ? (I am coming out Well, how do
I look?)
: ! c . . (Oh, just wonderful! This is just your size. It
suits you and sets off your figure.)
: ? (Really?)
: , ! (Yes, take it and do not hesitate!)

! () Take! (to take)
, , blue
fittingroom
appearance/the way sb. or sth.
looks
() I am coming
out (to come out)
! () Come out!
(sing.; to come out)
in time
, , nicer/more beautiful
! () Look!
(to look)
(.; ) girls
(pl.; girl)
really
, , long
, , too short
too
(..) than (Acc.)
() they come in
(to come in)
of course
, , green
(..; ) it (Acc., f.,)
colour
, , brown
shop
besides it
() it suits
(to suit/look nice )
to the left
maybe
(..; ) me (Dat.; I)
() (..; ) (in) fashion
(Loc.)
? Can I?
(..; ) my
size (Gen.)
much more
() Dont
hesitate! (to hesitate)
() (..; ) (from) it (Gen., f.)
, , this one
(m./f./n.)
, , this one (m./f./n.)
() it sets
off (to set off/underline)
() it suits (to
suit)
() () I
like (to like)
to try on
close by/at hand
- 58 -
! ( (..)
Lets begin! (to begin with (Gen.))
! Just wonderful!
size
just
! () (Will you)
tell/say! (to tell/say)
first
dress
besides it
, , + such + noun
, , that (m./f./n.)
that is
(..; u) you (Dat.)
(..; ) you have (Gen.;
you)
style
(..; ) figure (Acc.)
* precisely on time
(literally: minute to minute)
I wonder
(..;
) this green dress (Acc.)
? nterrogative word introducing a
question
whether
* ? Do you have? (literally: Is
there?)
, , black
* ? (..; ) How do you
like? (Dat.; you)
* ? (..; ) How do you
like? (Dat.; thou)
as always
* as for me

(COLOURS AND CLOTHES)
Colour
, , white
, , light blue
, , yellow
, , green
, , brown
, , dark blue
, , grey
, , red
, , black
Clothes
blouse
tights
tie
jacket (garment for outdoor
wear)
jacket (the upper part of a suit)
coat
sweater
shirt
skirt
dress
hat
cap
belt (for women)
belt (for men)
hat
sockets
trousers
fir-coat
Underwear
bra
vest
nightdress
pyjamas
pants
- 59 -
Shoes
(sandals with open foot top)
shoes
sandals
slippers
boots (covering the ankle
part only)
boots
slippers (for outdoor wear)
Verbs
/ to put on/off
(of shoes)
to take sth. off
to pull sth. on
to wear
to put sth. on
/ to
dress/undress
The reflexive verb (continuation)

In Ukrainian some reflexive verbs which have the particle do not
denote a reflexive action, i.e., an action directed at the subject. They have
their own meaning. These reflexive verbs must be learnt. Some of the most
common are: (to look at), (to like/to be liked),
/ (to seem).
Here is the conjugation of the verbs
(2), (1)
(..) (to look at
sth.(Acc.))

, ,
-()--
(..) (to like)

--

Note
The verb is passive in its meaning. That is the person who
likes somebody or something is used in the Dative case (usually it heads the
sentence) and the verb agrees in person and number with
somebody or something one likes (usually it follows the verb):
(Dat.) . (Dat.)
- 60 -
The verb (to go) and its derivatives

The verb (to go) denotes a repetitive action, whereas its
counterpart (to go) denotes a single action of going in one
direction: , .
(Every day I go to school, but today I am not going to school.)
Here is the conjugation of the verb
in the Present tense:
(-)
(2)

, ,

Derivatives of the verb :
The Ukrainian verb can take on different prefixes. When a prefix is added to
the verb the latter changes its meaning according to the meaning of the
prefix. Here is a table of prefixes denoting space relations with the example
of the verb and its derivatives.
Note
Derivatives are verbs with prefixes formed from a verb without a prefix:
: , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, . All the above verbs, apart from possessing the
general meaning of movement, acquire additional meanings given by the
prefix.
Space relations denoted by prefixes:
-
movement outside
leaving the
destination and
getting away from
it
covering the
(go/come out)
(to go away
from)
- 61 -
.
I am coming out of the caf.

.
(This suspicious-looking man
is going away from the
house.)
.
distance left before

reaching ones
destination
movement inside
(to come up to)
(I am coming up to the caf.)
(to go/walk in)
(to come/to turn

up)
.
(I am going into the caf.)

.
(I am eating in the caf and
suddenly she turns up.)
.
(I am going across the street.)
sudden, unexpected
approach
movement across
approaching ones
destination
reaching the
destination
(to go across/to
cross)
(to come up to)
(to come)
movement through/
in between
(to go through)
movement
downwards
(to go down)
a high level of
intensity of the
action denoted by
the verb
(to go here and

there)
p-
breaking of one
whole into many
parts
(to leave, go on
ones business)
- 62 -
.
(I am coming up to the caf.)

. (We come to work at
time.)
.
(I am going to (in between
other tables) the table.)

.
(We are getting off/(down in
Ukrainian) at the next stop.)
,
.
(Tomorrow I have a difficult
day, I will have to go here
and there.)

.
(So, we must leave now. (all
of us go on their own
business.))
forming one whole

from separate
things
(to get together/

gather)
.
(Tomorrow we are getting
together again.)
The Dative case

Here is a table with the Dative case endings for
nouns:
gender
case
Nom.
Dat.
feminine
-a
mum
-
masculine
object living being
table
Ostap
-
-
? (Whom?)
neuter
-
bed
-
place
-
life
-
? (What?)
Note 1
.
Note 2
Masculine nouns denoting living beings and ending in -, -, - have the
Dative case ending -: , ,
.
Masculine nouns denoting living beings and ending in - have the Ablative
case ending -: .
Here is a table of the Dative case of pronouns:
case
Nom.
Dat.
you/
/
he/it
person
she/it
we
The use of the Dative case

The Dative case is used:
1. with some verbs requiring its use
Some of the commonest verbs are:
- 63 -
you
they
(to wish sth. for sb.), (to

send sth. to sb.), (to say sth. to sb),
(to give sth. to sb), (to give sth. to sb. as a
present), (to phone sb), (to
permit sth. to sb.), (to say sth. to sb.),
(to suit sb.), (to write sth. to sb.),
(to be liked by sb.), (to suggest sth. to sb),
(to advise sth. to sb.),
(to recommend sth. to sb.), (to tell sth. to smb),
(to do harm to sb.):
. (This dress suits Solomia.) . (Taras likes her. She is liked by Taras.)
2. with adverbs denoting the modal meaning of necessity, permission
() (it is forbidden/allowed to sb.), ()
(it is (un)necessary for sb.):
? ,
. (Is Taras allowed not to go to work tomorrow? (literally: Is
it allowed to Taras ? No, its necessary for him to go to work.)
3. the Dative case is used with some reflexive verbs in the 3d person
singular impersonal form, while the indirect object in the Dative case
precedes the verb:
(to like, literally: to be liked by sb.):
(Dat.) . (literally: Going to coffee is
liked by Taras.)
(it will be necessary for sb. to do sth.):
(Dat.) . (It will be necessary for
Taras (Dat.) to go to work.)
, (it seems to sb. that):
(Dat.) , . (It seems
to Taras (Dat.) that Yaryna is the best girl in the world.)
The adjectival prefix -

The prefix -, joined to an adjective, denotes the superfluousness of the
quality expressed by the adjective:
(big) , , (too big);
The synonymous construction is the adverb + (too +
adjective):
, , (too big) = , , (too big)
- 64 -
Degrees of comparison of the adjective and the

adverb
The Comparative degree is formed by adding the suffix -- to the stem
of the adjective or the adverb and the corresponding adjectival gender
endings -, -, - or the adverbial ending -.
The superlative degree is formed by adding the prefix - to the
adjective or the adverb in the comparative degree.
-
nice
-
nicely
Comparative
degree
--,
,
nicer
--
nicelier
Comparative conjunctions
(..)
(..)
than
(..)
than
Superlative degree
-, ,
the nicest
-
in the nicest way
Irregular forms of adjectives

(good) (better) (the best) (better)
(best)
(bad) (worse) (the worse) (worse)
(worst)
(big) (bgger) (the biggest)
(more) (most)
(small/little) (smaller/less) (the smallest/
least) (less) (the least of all)
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal endings of the reflexive verb
in the Present tense:
. 1. ... . 2. ...? 3. ...?
4. ...? 5. ... . 6. ? ...
.
. 1. ... . 2. ...? 3. ...?
4. ... . 5. ...? 6.
... . 7. ... ?
- 65 -
. 1. ... . 2. ...? ... . 3.

...? . 4. ... . 5. ...? 6. ...
? .
. ... . 2. ... ? ,
. 3. ... . 4. ...
. 5. ... ? 6. ... .
2
Use the verbs in the appropriate person:
1. ____? ____ . 2. ____
. 3. ____ ? 4. ____
(their) . 5. ____
(their) ?
3
Use one of the verbs (), (), (),
(), (), according to the
content:
1. ___ . 2. ___ . 3. ?
___ . 4. ? ___ .
5. ___ (by (Acc.)) . 6. ___ .
4
Put the verbs in brackets into the Dative case:
1. (). 2. (). 3.
(). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. (). 6. ().
5
Put the pronouns in brackets into the Dative case, as shown in the example:
(). .
(). .
1. (), (). 2. (),
(). 3. (), (). 4. (), (). 5.
(), ().
6
Put the pronouns in brackets into the Dative case:
1. () , () ? 2. ()
, () ? 3. ()
- 66 -
, () . 4. () , ()
?
7
1. () , ()? 2. ()
, ()? 3. () , ()? 4. ()
, ()? 5. () , ()?
6. () , ()? 7. ()
, ()? () .
8
. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative degree:
1. () . 2. () . 3.
() . 4. () . 5. ()
.
. Put the adjectives in brackets into the superlative degree:
1. (). 2. (). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. ().
9
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. :
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 67 -
(In the center of the town)

(Stranger): , ,
, ?
(Excuse me, ani, could you tell me how to get to Mytna
Square?)
: ( 2).
,
. . (Here comes the 2 tram. You take the
tram and go three stops. At the third stop you get off. This is Mytna Square.)
: , ,
. (You know, I dont want to take the tram. I
have some time and I would like to see the town.)
: , ,
. e ,
. ,
.
,
,
. (Well, then, you go straight to the traffic lights, cross the road and
keep walking straight on. You reach Rynok Square, and on your left you
will find the Town Hall. Then you continue walking straight on to Ruska
Street, and when you reach the corner of the street, turn to the right. Then
you go straight on by the Arsenal museum on your right and downstairs to
the underground passageway. You go through the underground passageway
nd there you are at Mytna Square.
: , . (Thank you very much, pani.)
: . (You are welcome.)

( (..)) you
come out (to come out on (Acc.))
down(wards)
() (..;
) (to) Ruska street (Gen.)
keep on
tram 2
where
(..; ) road (Acc.)
() you
- 68 -
reach/come up to (to reach/come up to)

() you know (to know)
again
(.; ) stops (pl.;
stop)
() (here) comes/goes (to
come/go (of transport))
() you go (to go (by
transport))
() (..; ) (to) the end
(Gen.)
(..) on your left (Gen.)
town
Lviv Museum of Arms
to the right
()
Excuse me! (literally: to beg ones
pardon)
() you go
across (to go across/cross)
underground
passageway
() (..;
) (to) the
underground passageway (Gen.)
Mytna Square
() (..;
) (at) Mytna square (Loc.)
() (..;
) (to) Mytna square (Acc.)
(..; )
Rynok square (Acc.)

() you turn to
(to turn to)
(..) by (Acc.)
(..) to look at (Acc.)
then, later
to the right
(..) on your right
(Gen.)
to get to
() you go by
(to go by)
straight on
Lviv Town Hall
() (..; )
(to) the traffic lights (Gen.)
(..) to get on (Acc.;
literally: to sit on)
( (..) you get on
(to get on (Acc.))
to say/tell
(..; ) stairs (Abl.)
(..; ) tram (Acc.)
() (..;
) (at) the third stop (Loc.)
() (..; ) (in) the
center (Loc.)
time
* ? Could you?
I should like
(..) in (Acc.)

(TOWN AND
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE)
Town
. Institutions
the chemists
() market
railway station
hotel
hostel
disco
- 69 -
caf
() airport
hospital
shop
Town Hall
museum
Opera House
Post office
restaurant
.
Buildings and
administrative division of the town
building
street
flat
bench
lift
monument
park
square
floor
avenue
district
WC
. transport
bus
road
stop
taxi bus
car
zebra crossing
underground
passage
traffic lights
taxi parking lot
trolleybus
Prepositions of place
preposition
near/close to
()
in
along
to
from, out of
behind
on/to
case
Gen.
n front of
under
Abl.
Acc. or
Loc.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Abl.
Acc. or
Loc.
Abl.
example
(Gen.). (I am near the
University.)
c (Acc.). (Loc.)
(I am getting onto the bus. I am on the bus.)
(Gen.) (I am walking
along the street.)
(Gen.) (I am going to
the University.)
(Gen.) (I am coming
from the University.)
(Abl.) (There is
a caf behind the University.)
(Acc.)
(Loc) . (I put the telephone onto the
table. There is a telephone on the table.)
(Abl.) . (There is
a park in front of the University.)
(Abl.) . (There is a pen
under the book.)
- 70 -
Continuation of the table

preposition
along
across
case
Loc.
Acc.
example
(Loc.). (I am walking along
the street.)
(Acc.). (I am
walking across the road.)
The Locative case

Here is a table with the Locative case endings for
nouns:
gender
masculine
feminine
neuter
object
living being
-a
-
-
-
Nom.
mum
table
Ostap
bed
place
life
-
-
-
-
-
-
Loc.
/
/
/
/ ? (On/in Whom?) / ? (On/in What?) ? (Where?)

Note 1
Feminine nouns ending in - have the Locative case ending -:
.
Feminine nouns ending in - have the ending - in the Locative case:
(book) / .
Note 2
Masculine nouns for living beings ending in -, -, - have the Locative
case ending -: , , .
Masculine nouns for beings ending in - have the Locative case ending -:
.
Note 3
Masculine nouns ending in - () and neuter nouns with the suffix
-- () have the Locative case ending -: (towel) case
- 71 -
, (bed) .
Here is a table of the Locative case of pronouns:
case
Nom.
Loc.
I
/
you
/
/
he/it
/
person
she/it
/
we
/
you
/
they
/
The use of the Locative case

The Locative case is used to denote location, which is why it answers the
question ? (Where?). A noun or pronoun in the Locative case is always
preceded by the prepositions (in) or (on):
. (There is tea and coffee on the little table.) .
(There is coffee in the cup.) . (There is a nice
suit on Taras.) . (There is a nice dress on Solomia.)
The Locative case versus the Accusative case

1. The prepositions and used with the noun in the Locative case
denote location: (. .). ? (I am in the room. Where am I?)
2. The prepositions and used with the noun in the Accusative case
denote direction: (. .) ? (I am going into the
room. Where am I going?)
The verbs and
The verb means to walk: (to go on foot). The verb
means to go by some transport: ,
(to go by bus/by car). Both verbs conjugate in the Present tense in much
the same way, but for the first letter.
Here is the conjugation of the verb :

, ,
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verbs or :
- 72 -
1. ___ . 2. ___ . 3. ___ . 4. ___

. 5. ____ ____ ? 6. ____ ,
____ . 7. ___ , .
2
Present tense:
. 1. ...? 2. ... 2. 3.
...? 4. ... . 5. ...? 6. ...
. 7. ...? .
. ..., . 2. ..., ? 3.
..., . 4. ..., ?
5. .., . 6. , ? 6.
.., .
3
Put the words in brackets into the Locative case:
1. ? () . 2. ? () . 3.
? (). 4. ? (). 5. ?
().
4
Put the words in brackets into the Accusative or Locative case::
1. (). (). 2. ().
()? 3. (). (). 4.
(). (). 5. ().
(). 6. (). (, ). 7.
(). (). 8. ().
(). 9. (). ().
5
Put the nouns in brackets used with the preposition into the Genitive
case.:
1. ? (). 2. ? (). 3.
? (). 4. (). 5.
(, ).
6
Put the nouns in brackets used with the preposition into the Genitive
case:
1. (on the right) ()? . 2. (on
the left) ()? . 3. ()?
- 73 -
. 4. ()? . 5.
()? .
7
Choose the right preposition out of the two suggested, putting the nouns in
brackets into the case given in brackets:
1. (Gen.)/ (Gen.) (). 2. (Acc.)/ (Loc)
(). 3. (Acc.)/ (Loc.) (). 4.
(Acc.)/ (Acc.) (). 5. (Acc.)/ (Acc.)
(). 6. (Gen.)/ (Gen.) () .
8
Re-write the text from the preceding exercise in all the other persons (,
/, , , )
9
Use one of the following verbs according to their meaning, using them in
the appropriate personal form: , , , ,
, ,
1. ___ . 2. ____? . 3.
___ , ___ . 4. ____ . 5. ___
. 6. ___ .
10
(, , , , ) ?
11
1. :
. ; . .
2. , :
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. , :
. ; . .
5. :
. ; . .
- 74 -
- 75 -
(Buying tickets)
: .
(Two tickets for Stolen Hapiness, please.)
(Cashier): : , , ? (What seats would you like: the stalls, the
circle or a box?)
: , . (Two stalls seats, the
middle row, please.)
: 13 14, 7 . 25 .
50 . (Your seats are number 13 and 14, row 7. The price of a
ticket is 25 hryvnyas. It is 50 for two.)
: , . (Here you are.)
(In the theater)

: , ! (Oh, Yaryna,
you look so nice today!)
: ? (Really?)
: . (Yes.)
(Doorman): ! (Show me
your tickets, please!)
: . (Here they are, the two
tickets!)
: ! (Go in, please!)
: ? (On which side are our seats?)
: . (On the left side.)
(n the cloakroom)
: , ! (Yaryna, let me help you!)
. (Ostap helps Yaryna to take off
her coat.)
: , . . (Yes, thank
you. We will have to stand in the line for the cloakroom!)
: . , . (Yes. There are quite a lot
people.)
- 76 -
: ! (Well, at last!)
: . ? (Here
are your tickets. Would you like to buy a programme?)
: , . ? (Yes, thank you. How much is it?)
: 3.50 (3.50)
: . (Here you are.)
: , ? . ,
! (Now, where is our row? Oh, its here. Its the third call, the
performance is beginning!)

(..) much/many (Gen.)
() you wish (to
wish)
balcony
(..; ) you (Gen.)
(.; ) your (pl.;)
performance
() (..; ) (in)
the cloakroom (Loc.)
() (..; ) (to)
the cloakroom (Gen.)
(..,.; ) hryvnyas
(Gen.; pl. hryvnya)
twenty-five
1. call 2. bell 3. ringing of a bell
! () Let! (to
let/allow)
() I shall help
(to help)
enough
(..) from (Gen.)
ticket
(.; ) tickets (pl.;
ticket)
() it costs
(to cost)
to buy
() (..;
) (on) which side (Gen.)

() (..; ) on the left
(Gen.)
box (in the theater)
(..,.; ) people
(Gen.,pl.)
(.; ) seats (pl.)
(.; ) our (pl.)
at last
here
stalls (in the theater)
() (..; ) (in) the
stalls (Loc.)
! () (Will you)
show! (to show)
() it begins
(to begin)
(..; )
programme (Gen.)
! () Go in (to
go in/pass)
fifty
row
, , middle
// your (can be used with
any person)
(..)? How much/many
(Gen.)?
- 77 -
? Really?
Ivan Franko)
Stolen Happiness * to wait in line
(a play by a famous Ukrainian writer
? (.) What? (pl.)

(ARTS)
Theater and Opera
ballet
balcony
opera glasses
performance
/ spectator
to play a part
conductor
act
curtain
booking-office
ticket
box
seat
applause
interval
play
to applaud
row
stage
Museum
exhibition
to exhibit
to visit
entrance
guide
exhibit
to hire a guide
* ? How much is
the entrance (ticket)?
Painting
() icon
painting
to draw/paint
drawing
/ painter
Music
band
/ musician
song
/ singer(m./f.)
to sing
Musical
instruments
bandura (Ukrainian national
string instrument)
guitar
violin
pipe (wind instrument)
trembita (Ukrainian national
wind instrument)
cymbals
Literature
poem
book
story
to write
/ writer
poet
novel
- 78 -

Declension of nouns in plural
A table with the case endings for plural nouns
(hard case endings):
case
Nom.
sing.
Nom.
pl.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
feminine
masculine
neuter
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nom. (for objects)/Gen. (for living beings)

-
-
-
-
-
-

A table with the case endings for plural nouns (soft

case endings):
case
Nom.
Sing.
Nom.
Pl.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
feminine
masculine
neuter
-
-, -, -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-

Nom. (for objects)/Gen. (for living beings)
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 79 -
Note
Feminine and some neuter nouns whose stem ends in two consonants (the
stem of a word is the form of the word whithout the ending) take an
intermediary -- or -- between the two consonants in the Genitive case
plural, so as to avoid an ending in two final consonants: (f., sing.)
(pl.) (Gen., pl.), (f., sing.) (pl.)
(Gen., pl.), (n., sing.) (pl.) (Gen., pl.).
Plural nouns
Some nouns denoting collective meaning exist only in the plural form,
others can also have a singular form: (people a person),
(children child), (guests a guest),
(money, no singular form.) Those nouns have a special ending in the plural
of the Genitive case: -.
Here is their declension:
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
() ()
Loc.

Note
The word is in the plural. The stem letter changes into
(a typical sound change in Ukrainian before the sound) and is kept in
all the cases in the plural.
Peculiarities of the use of cases with

numerals
1. Nouns preceded by the numerals 2, 3, 4 are used in the Nominative
plural: (two tickets), (three tickets),
(four tickets).
2. Nouns preceded by the numeral 5 and upwards are used in the Genitive
plural: (five tickets or literally five of the tickets),
(six of tickets) (seven of tickets) and so on.
3. Nouns preceded by the interrogative word C? are used in the
- 80 -
Genitive plural: ? (How many tickets is he

buying?)
!!!
1
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Nominative plural:
1. (). 2. (). 3. () ,
() . 4. (). 5. ()
, (). 6. ().
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Genitive plural:
1. (). 2. () (a). 3.
(, the -o is dropped) . 4.
(). 5. (). 6. ().
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Dative plural:
() . 2. () .
3. () . 4. () .
5. (, the -e is dropped). 6.
() .
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Accusative plural:
1. (). 2. ()
. 3. (). 4. ().
5. (). 6. (). 7.
(). 8. ().
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Ablative plural:
1. * () ? 2. (). 3.
(). 4. () . 5.
() . 6. () .
. Put the nouns in brackets into the Locative plural:
1. () . 2. ()
. 3. () . 4. () .
5. (). 6. () . 7.
(, the -o is dropped)?
2
Put each noun in brackets either into the Nominative plural or the Genitive
plural, depending on the numeral preceding it:
- 81 -
1. () . 2. () . 3.
(). 4. (). 5.
() ? 6. ()
? 7. () ? 8.
() ?
3
The underlined words in sentences below contain a mistake, correct it,
please:
1. . 2. . 3. .
4. . 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8. .
9. . 10.
.
4
1. ?
. ; . .
2. :
. ; . .
3. :
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 82 -
10
... (How everything was)

: , ? (Hello, Yaryna?)
: , . (No, it is her mother.)
: , , !
(I should like to talk to Yaryna.)
: , , . (Yes, one moment, please.)
: , ? (Hello, Roksolyana?)
: , . , , ? (Yes, its me. So,
tell me, what was the performance like?)
: , ! (Oh, everything was just wonderful!)
: ? (Was it a long performance?)
: , . . (Yes,
rather long. It lasted for about two and a half hours.)
: ! , , ? (Wow!
And then, after the performance, what were you doing?)
: , . , , .
. (You are so curious, you want to
know everything. That is a joke, of course. Well, after the performance we
went to a kavyarnya.)
: ? (To what kavyarnya?)
: , , . (The Zolotyy Dukat, well, you know, the one at the corner of Ruska
Street and Fedorova Street.)
: ? (And, so how was it?)
: , . ,
, , . (You know, it is
very beautiful and mysterious there. Some quiet music was being played, a
candle was burning on the table, I was drinking wine and we were talking.)
: ? (And what were you talking about?)
: , . (You know, about everything and
nothing.)
: . (I see.)
- 83 -

...
(..; ) was (n.; to be)
(..; ) was (f.; to be)
wine
() (..; ) (after) the performance (Gen.)
everything/all
(..; ) Ruska Street (Gen.)
(..; ) Fedorova treet (Gen.)
(..; ) was playing (f.; to play)
(.; ) were speaking (pl.; to speak)
(..; ) was burning (f.; to burn)
(.; ) hours (pl.; hour)
(..) two (f.)
somewhere about
quite
() I joke (to joke)
*, (..; ) one moment (Acc.), please
The Zolotyy Dukat (a kavyarnya in Lviv)
music
* (..; ) at the corner (Loc.) of
nothing
! Wow!
(..; ) was drinking (f.; to drink)
! () (Will you) call! (to call)
() (..; ) (with) a half (Abl.)
after that
(..) about (Acc.)
(.; ) were doing (pl.; to do)
(.; ) were speaking (pl.; to speak)
! () Tell please! (to tell)
() I see/understand (to understand)
candle
mysteriously
there
() (..; ) (to) the telephone (Gen.;)
, , quiet
, , (/) that (m./f./n.) (who/which)
(..; ) was going on (f.; to go on/last)
(.; ) went (pl.; to go)
, , interesting
- 84 -
(..; ) what (Acc.)

() (..; ) (to) what caf (Gen.)
(..; ) Yaryna (Acc.)

(EMOTIONS)
(Emotions)
shame
1. to be ashamed 2. to be shy
, , 1. angry 2. wicked
to make sb. angry
to become angry
anger
to offend
to take offence (to become
offended)
offence
offensive
to cry
to smile
smile (n.)
, , joyful/happy
joy/happiness
to enjoy/be happy
laughter
to laugh
quietude
quiet
to become quiet
sadness
sad
to feel sad
() (un)happy
() to have good/bad luck
() happiness/sorrow
The Past tense of the imperfect aspect

The Past Imperfect is formed by adding Past tense endings to the stem of the
verb without the infinitive suffix -: (-),
(-).
Here is a table of personal endings of the Past
Imperfect:
(-):
-
-
-
-
-
(m.)
(f.)
(m.)
(f.)
-
-
-
- 85 -
-
-
Note 1
As seen from the table above Past tense endings have gender and number
distinctions.
Note 2
Verbs with the particle conjugate in the same way, only the particle
is added at the end.
The use of the Past imperfect
The Past Imperfect is used to express:
1. an action which was going on in the past and is not finished.
The verb with this grammatical meaning is often followed by such words of
duration as: (for a long time), (the whole time),
(all the time), + (Gen.) (during+time (Gen.)):
. (I was reading/have been reading a newspaper all the
morning.)
Thus, the Ukrainian Past Imperfect with the meaning of duration
corresponds to the English Past Continuous or the Present Perfect
Continuous tenses.
2. a past repetitive action (), or a series of past actions in sequence ()
) . (In summer I was
washing with cold water everyday.)
) ? (What were you doing yesterday?)
, , . (I went to
work, then I met with some friends, we went for a coffee.)
Thus, the Ukrainian Past Imperfect may also correspond to the English Past
Indefinite tense.
Declension of adjectives
The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number and case.
The question to an adjective is: ? (m.), ? (f.), ?(n.), ?
(pl.): . ? (This theater is big. What is
this theater like?) . ? (This coffee is tasty.
What is this coffee like?) . ? (This town is
- 86 -
beautiful. What is this town like?)

Note
Adjectives and ordinal numerals decline in the same way.
Declension of the question word to adjectives ?
? ? ?
case
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
Voc.
masculine/neuter
-? -?
-?
-?
Nom. or Gen.
-?
/ -?
Nom.
feminine
-?
-?
-?
-?
-?
/ -?
Nom.
plural
-?
-?
-?
Nom. or Gen.
-?
/ -?
Nom.
Declension of the question words to nouns

? (Who?) and ? (What?):
Nom.
?
?
Gen.
?
?
Dat.
?
?
Acc.
Gen.
Nom.
Abl.
?
?
Loc.
/ ?
/ ?
Note
If we compare the declension of the question word ? with that of
? ? without the initial letter in indirect cases, we see that
they have the same forms.
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate case ending of the adjective, the case
is indicated in brackets:
. 1. ... (Acc.) : ... (Acc.) ?
2. ... (Gen.) ? 3. ... (Loc.)
? 4. ... (Abl.) ? ... (Abl.).
5. ... (Loc.) ?
- 87 -
. 1. ... (Gen.) ? ... (Gen.). 2. ... (Abl.)

? 3. ... (Loc.) ?
4. ... (Abl.) ? ... (Abl.). 5. ...
(Loc.) ?
2
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Past tense endings of the verb of
imperfect aspect, the person is indicated in brackets where necessary:
1. () ... , , , ...? ,
.... . 2. () ... ? . 3.
..., ... . 4. .... .
...?
3
Put the verb into the Past tense, the person is indicated in brackets
where necessary:
1. () () . 2. () () . 3.
, , ()? 4. , , ()? 5. () .
6. () ? 7. () .
4
Fill in the blanks with the Past tense ending of the verb in the 3d person
singular (neuter), concording it with the definite neuter pronoun :
1. ... . 2. ... . 3. ...
. 4. ... .
5
Use the verb in the Past tense of imperfect aspect, the gender is
indicated in brackets:
1. () () . 2. () () .
3. () . 4. () . 5. ()
. 6. () .
6
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Past tense endings of the verb of
imperfect aspect:
1. ... ? ... . 2.
... ? ... . 3. , ...
? . 4. ... ? 5. ... 2 .
6. ... . 7. ...?
- 88 -
8. ..., . 9. ...,
.
7
Use either the Present or the Past tense of imperfect aspect according to the
meaning, as shown in the example:
, . (At one time he
used to work much, but now he works little.)
1. () , ()
. 2. () , () . 3.
() , () . 4.
() , (). 5.
() o, () . 6.
() , () . 7.
() , (). 8. ()
, () .
8
Olesya is speaking about yesterday, fill in the blanks with the appropriate
Past tense endings of the verb of imperfect aspect:
1. ... ? 2. ... . 3.
... . 4. ... . 5. ()
... . 6. ...
. 7. ... . ... ,
... .
9
Re-write the text of the preceding exercise in the 3d person singular
and the 1st person plural
10
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate case ending of ? ? ?
? making them agree with the noun (the case is indicated in brackets):
. (singular)
1. ... (Nom.) ? 2. ... (Gen.) ?
3. ... (Acc.) ? 4. ... (Loc.)
? 5. ... (Abl.) ? 6. ... (Nom.)
? 7. ... (Gen.) ? 8. ... (Acc.)
? 9. ... (Gen.) ? 10. ... (Acc.)
? 11. .... (Abl.) ? 12. ... (Nom.)
? 13. ... (Gen.) ? 14. ... (Abl.)
- 89 -
? 15. ... (..) ? 16. ...

(Nom.) ? 17. ... (Gen.) ?
18. ... (Loc.) ? 19. ... (Loc.)
? 20. ... (Acc.) ?
. (plural)
1. ... (Nom.) ? . 2. ... (Acc.)
? 3. ... (Gen.) ? 4. ... (Abl.)
? 5. ... (Acc.) ? 6. ... (Nom.)
? 7. ... (Loc.) ?
8. ...(Acc.) ? . 9. ...
(Loc.) ? 10. ... (Nom.) ?
11
Ask the questions ?, ? for the underlined words. Rememeber that
the question word must be used in the same case as the noun (the case is
indicated in brackets):
. ? (the question Who?)
1. (Nom.) . 2. (Gen.)
. 3. (Dat.). 4. (Acc.).
5. (Abl.) . 6. (Loc.)
.
. ? (the question What?):
1. (Nom.). 2. (Gen.). 3.
(Acc.). 4. (Abl.). 5. (Loc.)
.
12
Choose the right answer according to the content of the dialogue:
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. :
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 90 -
- 91 -
11
(Arranging an
appointment)
: , . ? (Yaryna, I should like to
meet with you tomorrow. When will you be free?)
: , . ,
, .
. ,
. (One moment, I must look into my notebook.
Well, tomorrow, I start work at half past eight and Ill be working till lunch
time, that is till one. From one to two I have lunch break. If it suits you we
could meet at about that time.)
: , , . .
(No, I am sorry, but it isnt convenient for me. Ill be busy at that time.)
: . (From
two to half past five I am back to work.)
: ? (Couldnt we meet
after work?)
: , , , . (Yes,
really, I think, after work will be the best time.)
: ? (Then, you tell me at what
time and where?)
: , . (Shall we say at six near the
Opera House?)
: , . ! (Okay! Its agreed! See you
tomorrow!)
(In half an hour Ostap is calling)
: , ?
. (Yaryna, what will you be doing tomorrow? Id like to meet
with you.)
: , .
.(You know, Ill be busy tomorrow
- 92 -
almost the whole day. From half past eight to half past five I am at work.)
: ? (And after work?)
: . (And after work at six I have an appointment with Roksolyana.)
: ? (Till what time?)
: , , . (Well, I dont know, maybe
till seven.)
: ? (And after seven?)
: . (After seven I am free.)
:
. (Then, we could meet at quarter past seven at the kavyarnya
Dzyga)
: . (Okay.)

(..) near (Gen.)
() it will be (to be)
() you will be (to be)
() you will do
(to do)
() I will be (to be)
() it suits
(to suit)
(.., ) nine
(oclock) (Gen.)
(..) till (Gen.)
! () it is
agreed! (to agree)
(/) (..; )
(till/from) two (Gen.)
() I think (to think)
(..) from (Gen.)
(..) with (Abl.)
notebook
again
to meet
appointment/date
! () Tell! (to tell)
? When?
() (..;
) (to/till) what time (Gen.)
(o) ? (..;
) (at) what time? (Loc.)
almost
() I will have (to
have)
perhaps
the best
/ + (..) at + time (Loc.)
1. noon 2. lunch time/break
() (..) (till) lunch time
(Gen.)
(/) (..;
) (till/from) one oclock (Gen.)
() it is
convenient (to be convenient)
(..) to look into (Acc.)
(/) (..; )
(till/from) half (Gen.)
() I shall
work (to work)
- 93 -
() (..; )
(with) Roksolyana (Abl.)
() (..; ) (till) seven
(Gen.)
() (..; ) (after)
seven (Loc.)
() (..; ) (with) you
(Abl., sing.)
that is
* at this time
, , whole
(..; ) six (oclock)
(Gen.)
() (..; ) (at) six
(Loc.)
what
I should like
if

(PREPOSITIONS OF TIME)
()
(around)
(to/till)
(by)
(from/since)
... ...
(fromto...)
(in)
(before)
(after)
/
(at)
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Acc.
Abl.
Gen.
Loc.
(Gen).
(We are meeting somewhere around seven oclock.)
(Gen.). (I work till five
oclock.)
* . (She will
have done this work by Monday.)
(Gen.).
(I begin to work from eight oclock.)
(Gen.) (Gen.). (I have
lunch break from one till two oclock.)
(Acc.) .
(He will have done this work in twenty minutes.)

(Abl.). (He called on me before eleven oclock.)
(Gen.) .
(After five oclock there is no one at work.)
(Loc.) . (I have an
appointment at one clock.)
The Future Imperfect

There are two forms of the Future Imperfect in Ukrainian: simple and
complex.
The Future Imperfect complex is formed by means of the auxiliary verb
- 94 -
in the Future tense and the imperfect infinitive of the verb.

Conjugation of the verb (to do)
in the Future Imperfect Complex: (to do)

Note
The Future Imperfect Complex is mostly used in oral speech:
? (What will you be doing tomorrow?)
, . (Nothing. I shall be staying at home.)
The Future Imperfect Simple is formed by adding personal endings to
the imperfect infinitive of the verb.
Conjugation of the verb (to do)
in the Future Imperfect Simple: (to do)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Note
The Future Imperfect Simple is characteristic of literary language and of
written style.
The use of the Future Imperfect
The Future Imperfect is used to express an action which will be going on in
the Future. Thus, it corresponds to the English Future Continuous or just the
Future Indefinite.
Polite forms of the verbs (can/may)

(to want/like)
To express something in a polite way we use the verbs and
in the Conditional mood. The Conditional mood is formed by
using the conditional particles / with the above verbs in the Past
- 95 -
tense:
/
(I should like)/ (I could)
/
/
/
/
/
/
m. /
f.
m. /
f.
m. /
f.
n.
To tell time
1. To tell time in Ukrainian we use the ordinal numeral in the
feminine gender (as the word (hour) is feminine). The word
is often omitted:
? (What time is it now?)
() (13.00) (Its one oclock now; literally: Its the
first hour.)
2. To say at what time something takes place we use:
/ (at) + feminine ordinal numeral in the Locative case:
12.00 o () (at twelve oclock; literally at the
twelfth (hour))
16.00 () (at four oclock; literally at the fourth
(hour))
11.00 () (at eleven oclock).
Note
The preposition o is used with ordinal numerals with an initial consonant,
e. g., , whereas is used with ordinal numerals
with an initial vowel, e. g., .
3. To say an hour with minutes, e.g., from 12.01 to 12.29 we
use:
quantity of minutes + (after/past) + feminine ordinal numeral in the
Locative case:
12.15 () () (fifteen past
twelve)
16.10 (ten past four)
11.20 (twenty past eleven)
4. To say an hour and 30 minutes we use:
- 96 -
(half) or (half) + feminine ordinal numeral in the Genitive

case:
12.30 (half past twelve)
13.30 (half past one)
5. To say an hour with minutes, e.g., from 12.31 to 12.59 we
use:
(less than) + quantity of minutes + feminine ordinal numeral in the
Nominative case:
12.35 (twenty-five to one)
13.55 (twenty-five to two).
The division of the 24 hours

12.00 (midday/noon) (at midday/noon) (in the afternoon)
13.00 17.00 (daytime)
e.g.: 14.00 / (its two oclock of the
day/in the afternoon)
18.00 23.00 (evening)
e.g.: 18.00 (six oclock (in the evening))
24.00 (midnight) (at midnight)
01.00 03.00 (night)
e.g.: 02.00 (two clock in the morning, literally: of the
night)
04.00 11.00 (morning)
e.g.: 05.00 (five oclock in the morning)
!!!
1
Tell the time, using the words , , , ,
, :
?
1. (13.00), 2. (07.00), 3. (15.00), 4. (16.00) 5. (10.00), 6. (18.00), 7. (21.00),
8. (22.00), 9. (24.00), 10. (02.00), 11. (20.00), 12. (03.00), 13. (01.00),
14. (04.00), 15. (05.00), 16. (06.00), 17. (17.00), 18. (08.00), 19. (09.00),
20. (11.00), 21. (12.00), 22. (14.00), 23. (23.00)
- 97 -
2
Answer the question: ?
: 1. (13.05), 2. (14.10), 3. (15.15), 4. (16.20), 5. (17.25), 6. (18.30),
7. (19.35), 8. (20.40), 9. (21.45), 10. (22.55), 11. (23.00)
3
Say the time, putting the ordinal numeral in brackets into the appropriate
case form:
1. ?
() . 2.
()? () , (),
, . 3. ()? ,
(), , . 4. ().
() , () . 5.
()? , (), ,
.
4
Put the ordinal numeral in brackets into the Genitive case:
1. () () , () ()
, () () , ()
() , () ()
2. (), (), (), (),
(), (), ()
5
Put the verb into the Future Imperfect:
1. () ? ()
. 2. () ? 3. () ?
4. () . 6. ()
? 7. () .
6
Future Imperfect Simple:
1. ... ? ...
. 2. ... ?
... . 3. ... ?
... . 4. ...
? ... . 5. ... ?
- 98 -
... 6. .. ?
... .
7
Put the verbs used in the Future Simple tense into the Future Complex
tense:
1. . 2.
? 3. ? 4.
? 5. ? 6.
. 7. , .
8
1. ?
. ; . .
2. :
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 99 -
12
... (It cant be helped)

(In a shop)
:
. (Will you give me half a loaf of white bread
and two loaves of brown.)
: 3.50 (3.50)
: ! .
200 . (Oh! It seems I have not got any
small change. I only have a 200-hryvnya bill.)
: , . (I am sorry, but I
have no change).
: 200 ? (You cannot change
a 200-hryvnya bill?)
: , . . . (I am sorry, but I cant. There is a bank across the road. You can
change it there.)
: , , . (Well, it cant
be helped, I will have to go to the bank.)
(In the bank)

:
200 ? (Could you change a 200-hryvnya bill for
me?)
(Clerk): ? (How would
you like to change it?)
: ,
. (Maybe, into three fifties and five tens.)
: . . (Three fifties
and five tens. Here you are.)
: . (Thank you very much).
- 100 -

but
() (..; ) (to) the bank
(Gen.)
() (..; ) (in) the bank
(Loc.)
white bread
(..; ) the white
(bread) (Gen.)
(..; ) you (Dat.)
together/in one bill
(..,.; ) hryvnyas
(Gen.pl.)
to give
two
two hundred
(..; )
change/small money (Gen., pl.)
() it seems (to
seem)
(..; ) change (Gen.)
(..; ) bill (Acc.)
only
* it cant be helped
! Oh!
(..; ) half
(Acc.)
(..) to change (money)
into (Acc.)
clerk, employee
(..) in (Loc.)
(..,.; ) black
(bread) (Gen.pl.)
(..) across

I, (MONEY, BANK)
Money
to have money (to be rich)
to lack money
not to have
enough money
expenses
to spend money
earnings
to earn money
salary
coin
bill
//
to pay/receive/get a salary
tax
to tax
income
Bank
bank machine
debt
/ debtor
interest rate
cash
to owe sb. (as a debt)
to go bankrupt
to put
money in the bank account
to take
- 101 -
money from the account

currency exchange
bureau
to
change dollars into hryvnyas
/ to pay by
credit (card)/in cash

loan
to lend somebody
to borrow from
somebody
1. bill 2. account
Cardinal numerals from 100 1000

200 two hundred
300 three hundred
400 four hundred
500 five hundred
600 six hundred
700 seven hundred

800 eight hundred
900 e nine hundred
1000 one thousand
Declension of cardinal numerals

The cardinal numeral 1 agrees in gender, number and case with
the noun:
(one tea), (one coffee), (one biscuit)
The cardinal numeral 1, not only denotes number, but can also have the
meaning of indefiniteness: o (one day (Gen.)),
(a friend of mine, literally: one my friend).
When the numeral 1 is used with the verb twice it denotes a reciprocal
action and corresponds to the English one another/each other:
. (They (m.) know each other/one another.)
(They (f.) know one another.)
The first one has only gender and number distinctions, no case
distinctions; the second one has gender, number and case distinctions.
The cardinal numeral 2 has two forms, the form used with
masculine and neuter nouns and the form used with feminine nouns:
(two times (m.)), (two biscuits (n.)),
(two girls (f.)).
From the numeral 3 and upwards there is only one form for
nouns of any of the three genders: (three boys (m.)),
(three biscuits (n.)), (three girls (f.)).
Note
- 102 -
As mentioned in Lesson 8, nouns preceded by the numerals 2, 3, 4 are used

in the Nominative case plural: // ; //
; // . Nouns preceeded by the numeral 5 and
upwards are used in the Genitive case plural: (five boys,
literally five of boys), (six of girls), (seven
of biscuits).
Declension of the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4

Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
/
o/
(m.)
Nom./Gen.
o
o/
(f.)
/
(m./f/)
Nom./Gen Nom./Gen
o (pl.)
Nom/Gen. Nom./Gen.
Declension of the numerals from 5 to 10
'
'
Dat.
'

Acc. Nom/.Gen. Nom./Gen. Nom./Gen Nom./Gen Nom./Gen.
Abl.

Loc
'
/
Nom
Gen.
Nom./Gen.
Note 1
The numerals 5 10 have two forms in the indirect cases: a short one
(underlined in the table) and a long one.
Note 2
The numerals 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80 decline as the numeral 10.
Collective cardinal numerals

In order to denote a number of people as one entity, collective cardinal
numerals are used. Nouns following them will be used in the Genitive case
plural:
(two) / (the two boys/girls)
- 103 -
(three) / (the three boys/girls)

(four) / (the four boys/girls)
(five) / (the five boys/girls)
(six) / (the six boys/girls)
(seven) / (the seven boys/girls)
(eight) / (the eight boys/girls)
(nine) / (the nine boys/girls)
(ten) / (the ten boys/girls)
!!!
1
Use the masculine cardinal numeral in the case indicated in
brackets:
1. ___ (Nom.) . 2. ___ (Gen.)
(his) . 3. ___ (Dat.) 20 . 4.
___ (Abl.) .
2
Use the feminine cardinal numeral in the case indicated in brackets:
1. ___ (Nom.) . 2. ___ (Gen.) .
3. ___ (Acc.) . 4.
___ (Gen.) (in the pocket). 5. ___ (Loc.)
(is the picture of) (king) .
3
. Use the masculine numeral in the case indicated in brackets in
order to express a reciprocal action:
1. ___ (Dat.). 2.
___ (Acc.). 3. ___ (Gen.). 4. ___ (Dat.). 5. ___ (Acc.).
. Use the feminine numeral a in the case indicated in brackets in
order to express a reciprocal action:
1. ___ (Dat.). 2.
__ (Acc.). 3. ___ (Acc.). 4.
___ (Gen.) . 5. ___ (Dat.).
4
- 104 -
. Fill in the blanks with (one (f.)), (the other (f.)),

putting them into the case indicated in brackets:
1. : ___ (Nom.) ,
___(Nom.) . 2. ___ (Gen.) ,
___ (Gen.) . 3. ___ (Dat.) 25 , ___
(Dat.) 27 . 4. ___ (Abl.) ,
___ (Abl.). 5. : ___ (Loc.)
, ___ (Loc.) .
. Fill in the blanks with (one (m.)), (the other (m.)),
putting them into the case indicated in brackets:
1. : ___ (Nom.) , ___ (Nom.)
. 2. ___ (Gen.) , ___ (Gen.)
. 3. ___ (Dat.) 25 , ___ (Dat.) 27
. 4. ___ (Abl.) , ___
(Dat.). 5. (their) :
___ (Loc.) , ___ (Loc.) .
5
Put the numerals in brackets into the case indicated:
1. (2, Nom.) . 2. (2, Dat.) 25 .
3. (3, Loc.) . 4. (4, Gen.) .
5. (5, Gen.) , . 6. (6, Gen.)
. 7. (Count) (7, Gen.) 8. (8, Nom.)
(9, Gen.), . 9. (10, Loc.)
(head of the state) .
6
Use the numbers in brackets as a collective numeral, putting the noun
following them into the Genitive case plural:
1. ? (2) (). 2. ?
(3) (). 3. ? (4)
() . 4. ? (5) (). 5.
? (8) () : , , , (4) ().
6. ? (7) (), ,
(8) (). 7. : (9) () (10) ().
7
please:
- 105 -
1. ? 2. . 3.
? 4. . 5.
. 6. . 7.
? 8. . 9.
. 10. ?
8
Choose the correct answer according to the content of the dialogue:
1. :
. ; .
.
2. :
. 250 ; . 200 .
3. :
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . (another) .
5. ?
. ; .
.
- 106 -
13
o
(Ostap is calling at Directory Enquiries)
1: . . (Directory enquiries. Listening!)
: o . (Could you tell me the
telephone number of the ticket office at the main railway
station?)
1: . : 267-23-34 (Hold on a minute. Will you write down, please: 267-23-34)
: . (Thank you.)
. (Ostap is clling at the
ticket office of the railway station.)
2: ! . . (Hello! Information desk. Can I
help you? (literally: Listening!))
: ! . (Good afternoon! I should like to book a ticket for the Lviv Kyiv train.)
2: ? (For when?)
: . (For the twenty-third of April.)
2: : , ,
? (What seat would you be interested in: a regular seat or a
compartment seat, the upper or the lower berth?)
: , . (A compartment seat, the upper berth,
please.)
2: 92,
, , . (Then, I am booking a ticket for
train 92, carriage 9, compartment 9, seat 16)
: ? (Will you tell me how
much a ticket costs?)
2: . ,
. (Fifty hryvnyas. When buying a ticket, you should
have your passport with you.)
- 107 -
: , .
? (Yes, thank you. Which platform does the train leave
from and when does it arrive in Kyiv?)
2: 22.45 (
), 8.00 (
). (The train leaves from platform one at 22:45 and arrives in Kyiv at
08:00 in the morning.)
: . ! (Thank you. Goodbye!)

(Ostap is calling at the hotel Svitanok in
Kyiv.)
: . (Hotel Svitanok. Can I
help you? (literally: Listening.))
: !
24 ( ) . (Good afternoon. I should like to
book a single room for one day for the twenty-fourth of April.)
: . ,
? (What room would you be interested in: a standard
room or a first-class room?)
: ? (What is the price of a first-class
room?)
: 200 , , , , . (A first-class room costs 200
hryvnyas, there is a telephone, a TV set, air-conditioning, a bathroom.)
: ? (What about a standard room?)
: 100 . (A standard room
costs 100 hryvnyas.)
: ? (Is there a toilet and a shower in
the room?)
: . (Yes.)
: , . (Then, will you, please,
book a standard room.)
: , 27.
(Your room will be on the third floor, the number of the room is 27.)
O: . ! (Thank you! Goodbye!)
- 108 -

carriage
(..; ) you (Dat.)
, , upper
() it departs
(to depart)
(..;
) the Main Railway Station
(Gen.)
enquiry
to book
! () Write
down! (to write down)
! () Wait/Hold
on! (to wait)
() (..; ) booking
office (at the railway station) (Gen.)
(..; ) ticket (Gen.)
() (..; ) (to) Kyiv
(Gen.)
() (.., )
(from) which platform (Gen.)
compartment
( ) (..) (when) buying
(Gen.)
* to have with oneself
, , lower
passport
() (..; )
(from) the first platform (Gen.)
(here) berth
train
() it arrives
(to arrive)
during, when
()
I book/reserve (to book)
to say
() I am listening
(to listen)
() ()
you are interested (to be interested)
bathroom
shower
+ (..) at + place (Loc.)
1. standard 2. ordinary
(..; ) room (Gen.)
() (..; ) (in) the
room (Loc.;)
air-conditioning
room (in a hotel)
first-class room
() (..; )
(for) 24 hours (Acc.)

single room
(..) in (Loc.)
! () Book!
(to book)
! () we are
listening (to listen)
TV set
() (..;
) (on) the third floor (Loc.)
and
toilet
- 109 -

(RAILWAY STATION AND
AIRPORT)
Railway station
luggage
suitcase
exit
to cancel
entrnce
waiting-room
left-luggage office
booking-office
return ticket
railway/platform
passenger
to change (of transport)
to confirm
(..) trip/travel (f.)
train
time-table
station
Airport
to leave (of a plane)
to take off
() to fly (over)
plane
landing
to land
to arrive (of a plane)
() (direct) flight
Expressions
? Where is...?
/ ?
Can I switch on/off the lights?
? What is the
next station/stop?
? Can I return
the ticket?
The possessive pronoun (m.), (f.),

(n.),
(pl.) "ones
The possessive pronoun , , , denotes possession/
belonging and is related to the subject in the sentence. It has no person
distinctions, thus, it can refer to any person. It has the properties of an
adjective that is it agrees in gender, case and number with the noun it is used
with:
, . (I show my ticket, not yours.)
, . (You show your ticket, not mine.)
, . (He shows his ticket, not hers.)
, . (She shows her ticket, not ours.)
, . (We show our ticket, not yours.)
- 110 -
, . (You show your ticket, not ours.)

, . (They show their tickets, not
yours.)
Declension of the possessive pronoun , ,
,
case
masculine/neuter feminine
plural
Nom. /
Gen. ?
c
Dat.
?
c
Acc.
Nom. or Gen.
c
Nom. or Gen.
Abl.
c
c
Loc.
/ ?
/
/
The possessive pronoun , , , , as other possessive
pronouns, answers the question , , , ? (Whose?). The
question , , , ? declines as the pronoun , , , .
The reflexive pronoun oneself

The reflexive pronoun is used when the action performed by the
subject in the sentence is directed at it, as opposed to any other person:
, a . (I am drawing myself, not you.)
, . (You are drawing yourself, not me.)
, . (He is drawing himself, not her.)
, . (She is drawing herself, not him.)
, . (We are drawing ourselves, not you.)
, . (You are drawing yourselves, not them.)
, .(They are drawing themselves, not us.)
A table of declension of the reflexive
pronoun oneself
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
***
c
c
c
c
/
- 111 -
!!!
1
Put the personal pronoun ,, , into the case indicated in
brackets:
1. ? , (,
Acc.). 2. (, Gen.) . 3. ?
(, Loc.) . 4. ?
(, Acc.) . 5. ? (,
Abl.). 6. (, Acc.) . 7. (,
Abl.) . 8. ? (, Gen.) . 9. ?
(, Gen.) . 10. (, Dat.) .
11. (, Gen.) . 12. ? (,
Gen.) .
2
. Substitute the underlined reflexive pronoun by the personal pronoun in
brackets in the Genitive case:
1. ? (). 2. ? , ()
. 3. ? , () . 4. ?
, () . 5. ? , () .
brackets in the Dative case:
1. () . 2. () .
3. () . 4. () .
5. () . 6. () . 7. () .
brackets in the Accusative case:
1. (). 2. (). 3.
(). 4. (). 5.
(). 6. (). 7.
().
brackets in the Accusative case:
1. (), . 2. (),
. 3. (), . 4.
(), . 5. (),
. 6. (), . 7.
- 112 -
(), .
. Substitute the underlined phrase with the reflexive pronoun
used with the verb (to speak to oneself) by the
personal pronoun in brackets in the Ablative case:
1. (). 2.
(). 3. (). 4.
(). 5. (). 6.
(). 7. ().
3
. Choose the correct answer according to the first dialogue:
1. :
. ; . .
2. :
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
. Choose the correct answer according to the second dialogue:
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 113 -
14
... (A bad day)

: !
. ,
. (What a bad day Ive had today. And its only
Monday. I can imagine what a week it will be for me!)
: ? (What has actually happened?)
: , . , 8 , . ,
. ,
. , .
20 . ,
, . ? ,
. , , ,
, . ,
! .
, ,
. (I dont even know what to begin
with. In the morning I overslept. I woke up at 8 oclock, and I am due at
work at half past eight. It turned out I had forgotten to set the clock. I
quickly got ready (for leaving), didnt even have any breakfast and left. I
had not reached the bus-stop, when I saw the bus leaving. I had to wait for
another twenty minutes. I decided to call my work place to let them know
that I was late. And guess what? In the hurry, I had left my mobile at home.
When at last the bus came, I got on it. We went two stops and it broke
down. Just imagine how furious I was! I had to go on foot to work. At work,
the director was quite annoyed with me and told me that if it goes on, I will
have to look for a new job.)
: , ? (And what did you say to that?)
: ,
, . (I wanted to tell him that I have been looking for
a better job, but I just kept quiet.)
: ! (That was right.)
- 114 -
: . ,
, . ,
, . (Moreover, that is not all. In the
afternoon it began to pour, and, of course, I didnt have an umbrella. And as
you can imagine, before I got to the bus stop, I was wet through.)
: ! (Poor thing!)
: ! ,
. ! ?
(Moreover, that is still not all! When I was getting off the bus, my heel got
caught in a step and it broke off. Well, you see! What do say to that?)
: , . (Really, I am just speechless.)

...
bus
() (..; )
(from/off) the bus (Gen.)
* , ? What (did)
you (say) to him to this?
as late as (emphatic particle)
poor thing
(..; ) ran out
(f.; to have run out)
(..; ) decided
(f.; to have decided)
(..; ) it
turned out (n.; to have turned out)
to have answered
actually
in the morning
(..; ) it had left
(m.; literally: it ran away;
to have run away)
for a long time
clock
() I look
(to look)
(..; ) came up
to/reached (f.; to have reached)
! That was right of you!

(literally: You did well!)
rain
(..) from/off (Gen.)
to have rung up
(..; ) forgot
(f.; to have forgotten)
(..; ) left
(f.; to have left)
() I am
being late (to be late)
(.. (..))
got caught (f.; to have got caught at
(Acc.))
(.. ) got ready
(f.; to have got ready)
, , angry
(..; ) broke
(f.; to have broken)
(..; ) got wet
(f.; to have got wet)
() (..; ) (to) the
bus stop (Gen.)
heel (of a shoe)
(..; )
- 115 -
better job (Acc.)

(f.; to have overslept)
to pour
(..; )
only
woke up (f. to have woken up)
() (..; ) (in) the * I am wordless
shoes (Loc.)
(literally: there are no words)
(..; ) me (Abl.; I)
, , strong
mobile phone
(..; ) got on (f.; literally:
() (..; ) (in) it (Acc., m.) sat on; to have got on)
at last
(..; ) said (m.; to
to have set (of a clock)
have said)
(..) unhappy (Abl.) today
...! What..! (emphatic particle)
(..; ) oneself (Dat.; it can
! You see!
refer to any person)
* (..) at half past (Acc.)
(..; ) (it) happened
(..; ) umbrella (to have happened)
(Gen.)
() (..; ) (at)
before
the step (Acc.)
on foot
week
to repeat oneself/go
() (..; )
on/happen again
(in) that hurry (Loc.)
, , bad
() I imagine
(..; ) broke (to imagine)
down (m.; to have broken down)
! () Imagine! (to have
Monday
imagined)
to let sb. know/tell in
to have imagined
advance
() (..; ) (from) the
(..; ) had
house/home (Gen.)
breakfast (f.; to have had breakfast)
() (..; ) (from) what
(..) to begin with (Gen.)
(Gen.)
(..; ) came (m.; quickly
to have come (of transport))
to look for
(.; ) went (pl.; + (..) for another +time
to have gone/covered a distance (by
(Acc.)
transport))
not yet
(..; ) overslept so that
Imperfect aspect of the verb

In Ukrainian the verb can be used in two aspects: perfect and imperfect.
The imperfect verb denotes an action which has no beginning nor end, i.e.
- 116 -
is not delineated by time, and s repetitive. As such it often corresponds to

the English Indefinite infinitive or the English Continuous infinitive:
to do/to be doing, to write/to be writing, to live
The use of the imperfect verb
Given the two characteristics mentioned above the Imperfect verb is used to
form such tenses as:
1. the Present tense (denoting A. an action going on now or . a repetitive
action in the Present):
. , . (I am reading a book now. the action is
going on now)
. . (In the evening I read a book.
a repetitive/habitual action)
2. the Past Imperfect (denoting . an action going on in the past or
. a repetitive, habitual action in the past):
. . (Yesterday I was reading
a book for the whole day. the action was going on)
. . (Last year I regularly
read a book in the evening. repetitive/sequential action in the past)
3. the Future Imperfect (denoting . an action which will be going on in
the future or . a future repetitive action):
. / . (Tomorrow
Ill be reading a book for the whole day the action will be going on)
. . (From now on I shall
read one book every month. a future repetitive action)
Perfect aspect of the verb

The perfect verb denotes an action which is single (as opposed to a
repetitive one) and completed (as opposed to an action which is going
on). As such it may correspond to the English Perfect infinitive:
to have done, to have written, to
have lived.
Note
We shall refer in this book to the Ukrainian perfect verb, by using the
English Perfect infinitive, though it must be born in mind, that they are not
always equivalent. And that the frequency of the use of the perfect verb in
Ukrainian, as well as the semantic scope of its grammatical meaning is
- 117 -
much higher and wider than in English.

Formation of the Perfect aspect of the verb
The Perfect aspect of the verb is formed from the imperfect aspect:
1. by adding a perfective prefix to the imperfect verb
Imperfect form
(to run)
(to ring up)
(to look)
(to go by transport)
(to go by transport)
(to say)
(to break)
(to break down)
(to be silent)
(to get wet)
(to do)
(to have breakfast)
(to sleep)
(to wait)
Perfect form
(to have run out)
(to have rung up)
(to have looked)
(to have arrived)
(to have gone/covered a distance)
(to have said)
(to have broken)
(to have broken down)
(to have been silent)
(to have got wet)
(to have done)
(to have had breakfast)
(to have overslept)
(to have waited)
Note
Some perfective prefixes are devoid of any semantic meaning other than
their grammatical meaning, while other perfective prefixes such as: - (out),
- (up to), - (through/by) and others, besides the grammatical
meaning keep their semantic meaning of movement (for prefixes and their
meaning, see Lesson 5).
2. by changing the stem of the imperfect verb, as a rule by shortening it:
Imperfect form
Perfect form
(to turn out)
(to have turned out)
(to leave)
(to have left)
(to get ready)
(to have got ready)
(to begin)
(to have begun)
- 118 -
(to happen)
(to imagine)
(to have happened)

(to have imagined)
3. by dropping the imperfective suffixes --/--:

Imperfect form
(to decide)
(to answer)
(to forget/leave)
(to be late)
(repeat itself)
(to get on)
Perfect form
(to have decided)
(to have answered)
(to have forgotten/left)
(to have been late)
(to have repeated itself)
(to have got on)
4. by changing the verb form altogether:

. Imperfect form
(to go)
(to take)
Perfect form
(to have gone)
(to have taken)
. The derivatives of form the perfect aspect using the verb
Imperfect form
Perfect form
(to go out/leave)
(to have gone out/left)
(to come up t/reach) (to have come up tp/reached)
(to go/come in)
(to have gone/come in)
The use of the perfect verb
The perfect verb is used to form the following two tenses in Ukrainian:
1. the Past Perfect
2. the Future Perfect
The Past Perfect

The Past Perfect is formed by adding to the stem of the perfect verb Past
tense endings:
(imperfect) (perfect)
-
-
-
-
m.
f.
m.
f.
- 119 -
-
-
-
-
-
The use of the Past Perfect:

1. The Past Perfect is used to denote a single completed action and is
opposed to the Present tense, which denotes an ongoing action:
the Present tense
the Past Perfect
. (I am
. (I have
still reading the book.)
already read the book.)
.
. (I am still
(I havent read the book yet.)
reading the book.)
(I have
***
just read the book.)
2. The Past Perfect is also used to denote a single completed action as
opposed to the Past Imperfect which denotes a past ongoing action, or a
repetitive action or actions in their sequence:
the Past Imperfect

. (Yesterday I read/was
reading a book for the whole day.
an ongoing action)
.
(Every morning he made coffee.
repetitive, habitual action)
the Past Perfect

.
(Yesterday I finished reading the
book. completion of an action)
***
As seen from the examples above the Past Perfect often corresponds to the
English Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite, and is opposed to the English
Continuous tenses.
Here is the congugation of the verbs and
*
in the Past Perfect:
- 120 -
Note*
The other perfect derivatives of the imperfect verb conjugate in
the same way as except for the prefix.
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with the prefix - and the appropriate Past tense
endings so as to form the Past Perfect of the verb (the stem of the
verb is given):
1. () ...... . 2. () ......?
3. ... ... . 4. ...... . 5.
......? 6. ...... . 7. ...... .
2
Form the perfect form of the following imperfect verbs:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Past tense endings of the perfect
verb (the stem of th verb is given):
1. () ... . 2. ()
... ? 3. ... ? 4.
... ? 5. ... ?
6. ... . 7. ... .
. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Past tense endings of the perfect
verb (the stem of the verb is given):
1. ... ? 2. () ... . 3.
... ? 4. ... ? 5. ... ?
6. ... ? 7. ... .
4
Fill in the blanks putting the underlined verbs used in the Present tense into
the Past Perfect:
1. ......? , . 2. ...... ? ,
. 3. ...... . , .
4. ... ? , . 5.
......? , .
- 121 -
5
Fill in the blanks putting the underlined verbs used in the Present tense into
the Past Perfect:
1. . ...... . 2.
. ... . 3.
. ... . 4.
. ...... . 5. .
... . 6. . ... .
7. . ...... . 8. .
... .
6
Use the perfect verbs in brackets in the appropriate personal form of the
Past Perfect:
1. () ? () ,
(). 2. ()? (), ()
. 3. () ? (). 4.
() ? () , ()
. 5. ()?
(), () . 6.
()? () .
7
Put the underlined verbs used in the Present tense into the Past Perfect:
1. . 2. . 3.
. 4. . 5. .
6. . 7. .
8. .
8
Use the verb or in the Past Perfect:
1. ...? ... . 2. ... .
3. ... . 4. ... , .
5. ... ? 6. ... .
7. ...?
9
Fill in the blanks putting the underlined verbs used in the Past Imperfect
into the Past Perfect:
- 122 -
1. . ___ . 2. .
___ . 3. .
___ . 4. . ___. 5.
. ___ . 6. . ___ .
7. . ___ .
10
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. aa ; . .
3.
:
. ; .
.
4. ?
. ; .
.
5. , ?
. aa ; . .
- 123 -
15
... (Let us meet!)

: ? (Hello?)
: ? (Yaryna?)
: , ! . ?
(Oh, Ostap! Glad to hear from you. How are you there in
Kyiv?)
: . , , , . ?
? (I am okay. You know, if I manage to settle all my
business, I might come a day earlier. And how are you? What are your plans
for tomorrow?)
: , .
. , .
. . ,
, .
. .
(Well, tomorrow I want to go to the village to see my grand-parents. I shall
stay at their place till early afternoon. I may have lunch with them. Then,
Ill come back to town. Mother has asked me to send a postcard for her. So,
on my way back, I think, I shall call at the Central Post ffice. There, I shall
write a letter to my friend in Germany and post my mothers card. And then,
back home.)
: , ,
. (You know,
if I manage to come tomorrow, I shall call you and we shall go out for
dinner, or just for a walk in the town.)
: , . . (Okay! Its a nice idea! I am all for
that.)
: , ! (Bye, then.)
: ! (Bye!)
- 124 -

(..; )
grandmother and grandfather (Acc.)
* to be for
() () I shall
manage (to have managed)
to have gone to see/visited
to have sent off
() I shall
post/send off (to have posted/sent)
(.; ) all (pl.;)
() (..;
) (to) the Central Post Office
(Acc.)
(..) for (Gen.)
(..) till (Gen.)
idea/thought
(..) with (Abl.)
() I shall call at (to have
called at)
at the same time
to have settled
()
I shall ring up (to have rung up)
() I shall be able/can
(can)
() (..; ) (in) Kyiv
(Loc.;)
somewhere
(..; ) letter (Gen.)
(..; ) postcard
(Acc.)
(..;
) Mothers postcard (Acc.)
() (..; ) (to) town
(Gen.)
(..; ) town (Abl.)
maybe
back
() I shall write
(to have written)

probably
() (..; ) (for) her (Gen.;
she)
() (..; ) (with) them
(Abl.; they)
() (..; )
(in) Germany (Loc.)
() we shall go (to go)
(.; ) plans (pl.)
(..; ) on the way
(Loc.)
() I shall stay (to
have stayed)
() I shall
return (to have returned/come back)
to have had dinner
() we shall have
a walk (to have had a walk)
to have gone/left (by transport)
() I shall have
breakfast (to have had breakfast)
(..; ) asked
(f.; to have asked)
to have come/arrived (by
transport)
() I shall
come/arrive (to have come/arrived (by
transport))
() earlier (early)
() (..; ) (to) the village
(Acc.)
(.; ) things/business
(pl.)
then
all (pl.)
(..; ) at their place
(Loc.; they)
- 125 -

(POST OFFICE)
receipt
envelope
letter
postcard
to correspond
stamp
to receive
parcel
/ postman/woman
letter-box
Post Office
address
form
to write back
to post/send off
sender
to send off
desk
e-mail
to fill in
The Future Perfect

The Future Perfect is formed by adding Present tense endings to the
stem of the perfect verb. If a perfect verb is formed from the imperfect
verb by adding a perfective prefix, then the forms of a verb in the Future
Perfect and those of the Present tense will be identical except for that prefix.
Here is a table of the conjugation of the verb
in the Present tense and the Future
Perfect:
the Present tense
(to do)

the Future Perfect

(to do/have done)

If a perfect verb is formed from the imperfect verb by changing the stem,
the forms of the Future Perfect and those of the Present tense will be
different. Moreover, the two verbs of the verb pair may belong to different
- 126 -
conjugation groups.
Here is a table of the conjugation of the verb
in the Present tense and the Future
Perfect:
the Present tense
the Future Perfect
(1) (-- is left out)
* (2) (-- is left out)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Note
Verbs whose stem ends in the labial , , belong to the second
conjugation (see Lesson 3). So, in the Present tense and the Future Perfect
in the 1st person singular () and the 3d person plural () they take
an intermediary , which softens the personal endings into - and -
respectively: .
The use of the Future Perfect
The Future Perfect is used to denote: a single future action, with a special
stress on its completion. This tense contrasts with the Future Imperfect
which denotes: an action which will be going on in the future or a habitual/
recurrent future action.
the Future Imperfect
the Future Perfect
/
.
. (Tomorrow I shall
(Tomorrow I shall have read/be
read/shall be reading this book.
through with/finish reading this
just stating the fact)
book. stress on the completion
of the action)
As seen from the examples above, the Ukrainian Future Perfect often
corresponds to the English Future Perfect (or just the Future Indefinite) and
is opposed to the English Future Continuous tense.
Perfect verbs from Lesson 15

The perfect verb is formed:
1. by adding a perfective prefix to the imperfect verb
Imperfect form
Perfect form
- 127 -
(to be)
(to have been/stayed for a while)
(to have dinner)
(to have had dinner)
(to walk)
(to have walked)
(to go)
(to have gone/left/departed)
(to go)
(to have come/arrived)
(can/be able)
(to have managed)
i (to have lunch)
(to have had lunch)
(to write)
(to have written)
(to ask/request)
(to have asked/requested)
(to phone)
(to have phoned)
2. by changing the stem of the imperfect verb
Imperfect form
Perfect form
(to send off)
(to have sent off)
(to return)
(to have returned)
3. by dropping the imperfective prefixes --/--:
Imperfect form
Perfect form
(to settle)
(to have settled)
(to manage/succeed) (to have managed/succeeded)
4. by changing the form of the verb:
Imperfect form
Perfect form
(to go)
(to have gone)
. (I go to work every day.) the Present tense
denoting a repetitive action
. (I shall go to work tomorrow.) the Future
Perfect denoting a single action
The perfective prefix -
The perfective prefix - has two meanings:
1. grammatical meaning of perfect aspect (i. e. is used to form the Past
Perfect and the Future Perfect)
(to have dinner) (to have had dinner), (to
see) (to have seen), (to go) (to have gone)
2. grammatical meaning of perfect aspect and semantic meaning of short
duration:
(to read) (to have been reading for a while), (to
write) (to have been writing for a while), (to do)
- 128 -
(to have been doing sth. for a while): . (I

shall read on a little more.)
Conjugation of the irregular verb
(to answer) in the Future Perfect:

!!!
1
Add the appropriate perfective prefix to the underlined verbs in the Present
tense to form the Future Perfect:
. 1. . 15 . 2.
. . 3.
. . 4.
. . 5.
. . 6.
. .
2
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present tense or the Future Perfect
according to the meaning and the form of the verb (perfect/imperfect):
1. () . () .
2. () . () ? 3. () . () ? 4. () .
() . 5. () ? ()
? 6. () ? (,
-) ?
3
Add the prefixes - or - to the verb according to the
meaning:
1. __ . 2. __
. 3. (in summer) __ . 4. __
- 129 -
? 5. __ (because of) .
6. __ ? 7. __ ?
4
Add to the verbs in brackets the prefix - to express the meaning of
short duration, as in the example:
()? ?(Can
you be silent for a while?)
1. () . 2.
()? 3. () . 4.
() . 5. (). 6.
() .
5
Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate personal form of the Future
Perfect:
1. () , .
2. () ? 3.
() , . 4. () , . 5. ()
, .
6
Put the underlined verbs used in the Present tense into the Future Perfect,
the prefix is given:
1. . ___ . 2.
. ___
. 3. . ___ .
4. . ___ . 5.
? ___ .
7
. Form the perfect form of the following imperfect verbs:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
. Fill in the blanks, using the verbs from task A in the Past Perfect and the
Future Perfect (the stem of the verbs is given):
1. () ...... . ...... . 2.
...... ? ...... . 3. ... .
... . 4. ... .
... . 5. ... . ...
- 130 -
. 6. ......? ......?
7. ...... () . ...... () .
8
The underlined prefixes of the verbs below are wrong, use the correct ones
instead:
1. . 2. . 3. .
4. . 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8.
. 9. . 10. ?
9
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. , ?
. , ; . , .
- 131 -
16
TEXT
(A letter to Orysya)
, (Dear Orysya,)
? ,
. (How are you? I hope you are all right
and in good health.)
c . .
. , ... ,
, . .
(I am okay. Working. Sometimes, some slight troubles occur at work. For
example, recently I was late for work Well, you know yourself, how
badly our director reacts to that. So that moment was far from being a
pleasant one.)
O. . .
. , !!! (Autumn. Its cold. Raining. I keep
remembering the summer and our holidays at the sea-side. How much joy
there was and sun!!!)
, ! . (Well, Bye! Kisses.)
(Yaryna)
P.S. ! (Write more often!)

rest
all the time (when used with a
verb)
sometimes
() (..;
) (in) good health (Loc.)
, , dear
(..; ) was
late (f.; to have been late)
() I remember (to
remember)
summer
(.; )
small/little (pl.)
* it was
hard/unpleasant for me (literally: it was

not sweet for me, implying it was very
bitter)
() (..; ) (at) sea (side)
(Loc.)
(..) for (Acc.)
(..) at (Loc.)
for example
recently
(.; )
problems/slight troubles (pl., trouble)
autumn
! () Write! (to write)
badly
(..; ) joy (Gen.)
- 132 -
( (..)) he
reacts (to react to (Acc.))
, (..; ) Ukrainian
feminine name (Voc.)
, , yourself (can be used with any
person)
(..)? How much/many
(Gen.)?
() I hope
(to hope)
(..; ) sun (Gen.)
() (they)
happen (to happen)
it is cold
() I kiss (to kiss)
() more often (often)
Declension of feminine nouns with a zero

ending
Nouns with a zero ending (those ending in a consonant) are feminine if they
denote an abstract notion: (joy), (trouble),
(love). The noun (autumn) also belongs to this group.
Declension of feminine nouns with a zero ending
(Compare their declension with feminine nouns
ending in a/):
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
Voc.
-, - ()
- or - (i/)
-i or - (/)
Nom. ()
- ()
- r - ( i/)
- ()
Note
There is a typical i o sound alteration in Ukrainian. The -i of a closed
syllable changes into the -o of an open syllable: ,
, .
There is also the i e sound alteration, which is less frequent: .
!!!
1
Use the following nouns in the case indicated in brackets:
1. (, Acc.) . 2.
- 133 -
(, Gen.) . 3. (, Loc.),
, . 4. : (, Voc.) .
5. (, Abl.) .
- 134 -
17
(A theft)
: ! ? (Hello! Hello, Yaryna?)
: , ? (Yes, what has happened?)
: . (My purse
has just been stolen (from me).)
: ? ? ? (How? Where?
What was in the purse?)
: , , .
. (Little money, but the purse was nice, a leather one. Its a pity.)
: ? (How could it have happened?)
: , . ,
, . ,
... (You know, I was in a shop. I took a place in the
line at the cash-desk, and opened my bag to take out my purse in order to
pay. Then, I remembered I also had to buy honey)
: ? (Yes, and ..?)
: .
. , . (Then
I went away from the cash-desk, started to look for shelves with honey, and
forgot to close the bag. My purse may have been stolen at that time.)
: , ? ,
. (Are you sure you had the purse with you?
Couldnt you have left it at home, or somewhere else?)
: , , , .
. (Of
course, I am sure I had it with me. Before that I had been to another shop
and I had the purse with me.)
: , .
. (I dont even know what to say. There, in the
shop, didnt you notice anything strange?)
: , ,
. o,
. (You know, I have just remembered that there was a man standing
- 135 -
in the line behind me. He had black glasses on and was talking on a mobile
phone. It might have been him.)
: , . , , a
. (Well, you cant know for sure. Luckily, you didnt have much
money in the purse.)

or
() (.; )
(they) stole (from me) (pl.; literally to
have pulled out)
to have stolen (literally to
have pulled out)
(..) off/away from (Gen.)
() (..; ) off/away from
the cash-desk (Gen.)
(..; ) went off
(f.; to have gone off/away from)
(..; ) opened
(f.; to have opened)
() (.; ) (they)
stole (from me) (pl.; to have stolen)
, , sure
purse
() (..; ) (in)
the purse (Loc.)
(.; ) purse (Gen.)
(..; ) money (Gen.)
somewhere
something
, , strange
(..) with (Abl.)
(..) behind (Abl.)
() (..; ) (behind) me
(Abl.; I)
to have closed
(..; ) remembered
(f.; to have remembered)
, , another/other
(..; )
someone strange (Gen.)
honey
() (..; ) (with) honey
(Abl.)
() (..; ) (on)
the mobile phone (coll.; Loc.)
(..) not much/many (Gen.)
before that
(..; ) noticed
(f.; to have noticed)
(.; ) shelves (pl.;
shelf)
(..; ) was
speaking (m.; to speak)
to have settled/paid (a
bill)
(..; ) took a place
(literelly: stood (into); f.; to have stood
into)
(..; ) it
happened/occurred (n.; to have
happened/occurred)
(..; ) was standing
(m.; to be standing)
(..; ) bag (Acc.)
(..) in (Loc.)
at least
() (..; ) (into)
line/queue (Acc.)
() (..; ) (in)
line/queue (Loc.)
- 136 -
or
(..; )
something strange (Gen.)
() (...;
) (in) dark glasses (Loc.)
man
, , leather
somewhere else
just/not long ago
some, a/an

(LAW AND ORDER)
Law and Order
defence lawyer
to steal
to arrest
handcuffs
guilty
police
prisoner
investigation
prison
to investigate
to imprison
witness
to detain
to give evidence
to defend
1. Court 2. trial
charges
to try
to charge
judge
thief
prison
punishment
bribery
to punish
fine
theft
to fine
The verb in the third person plural

The verb in the 3d person plural without the pronoun is used to
denote an action for which the doer is either unknown or not to be disclosed.
The verb in this form can be used in any perfect or imperfect tense:
, . (They say she is looking for a new
job./She is said to be looking for a new job.)
As seen from the example above, the Ukrainian verb in the third person
plural without the pronoun may correspond to the English
impersonal third person plural verb with the pronoun they, or more often
to the English passive construction.
- 137 -
Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding the indefinite particle - to
interrogative pronouns.
The particle c often corresponds to the English some.
Here is a table of the declension of indefinite
pronouns
used for nouns:
case
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
interrogative pronouns
to the noun
?
?
(Who?)
(What?)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
/ ? / ?
indefinite pronouns
x
(someone)
()
/
(somebody)
()
/
Here is a table of the declension of indefinite

pronouns
used for adjectives:
case
Nom
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Loc.
interrogative pronouns to
adjectives
masculine/ feminine
plural
neuter
/? ?
?
(What?)
(What?) (What?)
?
?
?
?
?
?
Nom./Gen. ?
Nom./Gen.
?
?
?
/ ? /
/
?
?
indefinite pronouns
masculine
/
some
Nom./Gen.
()
/
feminine
some
plural
some
Nom./Gen.
Indefinite adverbs
Indefinite adverbs are formed from adverbial question words by adding to
them the indefinite particle :
Adverbial question words
? (When?)
Indefinite adverbs
(at some time)
- 138 -
? (Where?)
? (Where to?)
? (How?)
(somewhere)
(somewhere)
(somehow)
Negative pronouns and adverbs

Ngative pronouns or adverbs are formed by adding the negative particle
to interrogative pronouns or to adverbial question words:
1. ? ? (nobody), (nothing)
2. ? ? ? ? , , , (any + noun/
no + noun)
3. ? ? ? ? (never), (nowhere), (in no
way), (nowhere)
Note
Ngative pronouns decline as indefinite pronouns.
!!!
1
Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns formed by adding the indefinite
particle to the underlined interrogative pronouns:
. 1. ? ___ . 2.
? ___ . 3. ?
___. 4. ?
___ ? 5. ?
___ . 6.
? ___ .
. 1. ? ___ . 2.
? ___ . 3.
? ___ . 4.
? ___ . 5. ?
___ . 6. ? ___.
2
Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns formed by adding the indefinite
particle to the underlined interrogative pronouns:
. 1. ? ___
. 2. ?
___ . 3. ? ___
- 139 -
. 4. ?
___ .
. 1. : ?
___ . 2. ? ___
. 3. ? ___
. 4. ? ___ .
. 1. ? ___
. 2. ?
___ . 3. ? ___ .
4. ? ___ . 5.
?
___ .
. 1. ? ___
. 2. ? ___ . 3.
? ___ . 4.
?
___ . 5. ?
___ . 6.
? ___ .
3
Add the negative particle to form negative pronouns:
A. 1. __ , . 2. __
. 3. __ . 4. __
. 5. __ . 6. __
.
. 1. __ . 2. __ . 3.
__ (believe). 4. __ . 5. __
.
4
Add the negative particle to the underlined interrogative words to form
negative pronouns:
1. ? ___ . 2.
? ___ . 3.
? ___ 4. ?
___ (Gen.). 5. o ? ___
. 6.
? ___ .
- 140 -
5
Form negative adverbs by adding the negative particle to the
underlined interrogative words:
1. ? ___ . 2.
? ___ . 3. ? ___
. 4. ? ___ . .
6
Form indefinite adverbs by adding the indefinite particle to the
underlined question words:
1. ? ___ .
2. ? ___ . 3. ?
___ . 4. ? ___ .
7
. Put the pronouns in brackets into the Accusative case:
1. () ? 2. () ? 3. ()
. 4. () . 5. () ? 6. ()
? 7. () ?
. Put the pronouns in brackets into the Dative case:
1. () ? 2. () . 3. ()
. 4. () . 5. () . 6. () . 7. () ?
8
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. :
. ; . .
- 141 -
- 142 -
18
... (I am unwell)
: , ? (Hello Yaryna?)
: . ? (Yes, it is me.
Where are you calling from?)
: . (From Lviv.)
: ? (So, you are already in Lviv?)
: . A ? (Yes. But why do you
sound so sad?)
: , . , . (You know I dont feel well. I have got a headache, I am
shivering and feel sick.)
: , . (Maybe, you
have eaten something and it has caused indigestion.)
: . (I dont know.)
: , ! . (Well, wait for me.
Ill be at your place soon.)
20 (In twenty minutes)
: . ! (Here is the
thermometer. Take your temperature!)
10 (In ten minutes)
: 38 ! .
. . .
(You ve got 38 degrees. You are very pale. I think it must be food
poisoning. We must call for the ambulance and have your stomach cleaned.)
03. (Ostap is dialing number 03.)
: , ? : ,
12/35. (Hello, ambulance service? Will you come to the address Bichna
street, building 12, flat 35.)
(Doctor on duty): ? (What is the matter?)
: , .
(Indigestion, there is some suspicion of a light form of food poisoning.)
: 15 . (Well be at your place in 15 minutes.)
. (The ambulance arrives
and takes Yaryna to the hospital.)
- 143 -
(The next day)

: .
, . ? (Well, you have scared me! Ostap called me
and said that you were in hospital. How are you?)
: . . .
. , .
(Not bad. I am all right now. I had food poisoning. I had my stomach
pumped. But I am not going to work yet, neither today nor tomorrow.)
: . . (Of course, you must rest.)

, , pale
() () (it) aches
(me) (to ache)
* to call for the
ambulance
to have rested
in the morning
head
voice
() you ring up
(to ring up)
+ in +time
() it takes (to take
with oneself)
(..; ) he
called (m.; to have called)
(..; )
caused indigestion (n.; 1. to have caused
indigestion 2. to have harmed)
(..; ) ate (f.; to have
eaten)
/ (..) from (Gen.)
? Where from?
() (..; ) (from) Lviv
(Gen.)
() (..; ) (in) Lviv
(Loc.)
() () (they) did
(to me) (to have done)

() (..; )
light form (Acc.)
doctor
() (..; ) (in) the
hospital (Loc.)
* I am unwell
() () I am
shivering (to shiver)
* (..; ) to the
address (Acc.)
() he dials (to
dial)
(..; )
frightened (f.; to have frightened)
(..;
) next day (Gen.)
! Let!..
... neither nor
* ! (here) not bad
() () I am sick
(to be sick)
(..; ) (food)
poisoning (Gen.)
(..; (..))
had food poisoning (f.; to have had
(food) poisoning)
(..) suspicion of (Acc.)
- 144 -
! () (here) Take!
(to measure)
* to take the
temperature
() it arrives
(to arrive)
* stomach
cleaning
() they will
clean (to have cleaned)
* indigestion
, , sad
thermometer
(..; )
temperature (Gen.)
(..; )
temperature (Acc.)
! ( (..)) Wait! (to
wait for (Acc.))
, , on duty
ambulance
stomach
* (here) I do not know why
(..; ) something (Acc.)
(..; ) something
(Abl.)

(HOSPITAL)
Hospital
blood tests
angina
pain/ache
to ache
to become cured
to heal
flu
inflammation
cold (n.)
to go down with a cold
surgery
cough
to cough
doctor
to treat
* to have a fever
nurse (m.)
nurse (f.)
to shiver, to have a fever
running nose
to feel sick
medical examination
to check up/examine
wound
to throw up
, , a sick person
to be ill
disease
surgeon
ambulance
The Imperative mood

The verb in the Imperative mood expresses a request, an order or an
exhortation.
- 145 -
The Imperative mood can be formed in the 2nd person singular: , in the
2nd person plural and in the 1st person plural .
The Imperative mood can be used with both perfect verbs and imperfect
verbs.
An imperfect verb in the Imperative mood expresses a request or order
which concerns the present moment and is accompanied by such words as:
(now), (here and now), (immediately)
A perfect verb in the Imperative mood expresses a request or order which
concerns some moment in the future, even a very near one.
Formation of the Imperative mood
The Imperative mood of imperfect verbs is formed by adding personal
endings of the Imperative mood to the stem of the verb in the 3d person
singular of the Present tense: - (he does) -, (he
decides) -.
The Imperative mood of perfect verbs is formed by adding personal
endings of the Imperative mood to the stem of the verb in the 3d person
singular of the Future tense of perfect aspect: - (he will do)
-, - (he will decide) -.
Here are three tables of personal endings of the
verb
in the Imperative mood
. the stem of the verb ends in a consonant (and the vowel preceding it is
unstressed in the infinitive):
Imperative mood to the
Present tense
Future tense
: :
-!
-!
-!
-!
-!
-!
B. the stem of the verb ends in one of the following consonants: , , , ,

, , (and the vowel preceding them is stressed in the infinitive) or , , ,
, , , , , (and the vowel preceding them is stressed in the infinitive)
- 146 -
. - (to come in):

-!
B. - (to believe):
!
-e!
-!
-!
-!
. the stem of the verb ends in a stressed vowel:

Imperative mood to the Future
Present tense
tense
: - - :
-
-!
-!
-!
-!
-!
-!
The Imperative mood for the third person

The Imperative mood for the 3d person singular / and the 3d
person plural is formed by means of the imperative words
!/! added to the verb in the 3d person singular or plural of the
Present tense or the Future Perfect:
/ . / ! (He/she is
making coffee. Let him/her make coffee!)
. ! (They are making
coffee. Let them make coffee!)
/ . / !
(He/she will make coffee for you. Let him/her make coffee for you!)
. ! (They will make
coffee for you. Let them make coffee for you!)
!!!
1
Paraphrase the sentences using the underlined infinitives in the Imperative
mood (the person is indicated in brackets), the stem of some verbs is given
in brackets too:
1. ! . ___ () ! . ___ () !
- 147 -
2. ! . ___ () ! . ___ () !
3. ! . ___ () ! . ___
() !
4. ! . ___ () ! . ___ ()
!
5. (-) ? . ___ () ,
, ? . ___ () , , ?
6. (-) ! . ___ () ! . ___ ()
!
7. , ! . ___ () ,
! . ___ () , !
8. ! . ___ ()! . ___ () !
9. ! . ___ () ! . ___ ()
!
10. ! . ___ () ! . ___ () !
11. (-) ! . ___ ()
! . ___ () !
2
Paraphrase the sentences, using the underlined infinitives in the Imperative
mood, remember to leave out the suffix -:
1. ! . ___ () ! . ___
() !
2. ! . ___ () !
. ___ () !
3. . ___ () ! . ___
() !
4. ! . ___ ! . ___ () !
5. (disturb) ! . ___ () ! . ___
() !
3
Put the verbs in brackets into the Imperative mood, then use them in sentences, paying special attention to the aspect of the verb (perfect/imperfect):
1. (, ): ___ () ! ___ ()
! ___ () ! ___ () !
2. ( , ): ___ () , . ___ ()
, ! ___ () ! ___ ()
!
- 148 -
3. (, ): ___ () , ? ___ ()
, ? ___ () ! ___ () !
4. (, ): ___ () ! ___ ()
! ___ (), ! ___ (),
!
5. (, (-)): ___ () ! ___
() ! ___ () ! ___ () .
6. (, (-)): , ___ ()!
, ___ ()! , ___ () !
, ___ () !
4
Fill in the blanks with the particle /! to form the Imperative
mood:
1. ___ ! 2. ___ ! 3. ___
! 4. ___ ! 5. ___
.
5
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. a ?
. , 38 ; . ,
.
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 149 -
19
(Weather forecast)
: , ,
? (Roksolyana, dont you know what the weather
will be like tomorrow?)
: .
, , ,
. .
. 1215
. . (I shall have a look on the
internet. On the internet they report that it will be sunny, windy, but the
wind will be warm. In the first half of the day there wont be any rain. But,
in the second half of the day, it will get cloudy and rain is possible. The
temperature will be plus 1215 degrees.)
: . (Thank you for the forecast!)
: -?
, ? (And why are you interested in the weather
forecast for the week-end? You must have some special plans?)
: . . .
. , . (Yes. I am going
to the Carpathian mountains for the weekend. Ostap has invited me. Hes
got relatives there. So, well have somewhere to stay.)
: , . ,
. . (So, I am happy for you. You know,
its always colder in the mountains. So, you do dress more warmly.)
: , ,
. (I am sorry, but I cant talk to you for long, I have to pack
my things.)
: . , ! (Okay! Have nice
holidays!)
: ! . ! (Thank you! The same to you!
Goodbye!)
: ! (Bye!)
- 150 -

(..) without (Gen.)
! () Dress! (to
dress)
() (..; ) (for) the
weekend (Acc.)
wind
it is windy
! (...;
) Nice weekend! (Gen.pl.)
() (.., .; ) (in) the
mountains (Loc.; pl.)
(.., ; ) degrees
(Gen.pl.; degree)
(..; ) day (Gen.)
() (..; ) (without)
rain (Gen.)
() (..;
) (in) the second half (Loc.)
always
(..; ) invited
(m.; to invite)
() it will
become cloudy (to become cloudy)
to stay/stop
() (..; ) (into)
the internet (Acc.)
() (..; ) (in)
the internet (Loc.)
() (..; ) (to) the
Carpathians (Acc.;)
, , possible
(..) for (Acc.)
so
to pack
() (they)
say/inform/broadcast
() (..;
) (in) the first half (Loc.)
weather
() I shall
look (to have looked)
! () Excuse me!
(to excuse/forgive)
forecast
(..; ) forecast
(Abl.)
(. ) things (pl.; thing)
parents
it is sunny
, , warm
(..; ) warmth (Gen.)
() more warmly
(warmly)
that is why
(..) in (Loc.; place)
(..) in (Acc.; direction)
(..) in someones
possession/someone has (Gen.)
(..; ) he has (Gen.;
he)
() more coldly
(coldly)
( (..)) you
are interested (to be interested (Abl.))
, , whole
it is clear

(GEOGRAPHY)
Climate
hot
mild
temperate
- 151 -
Day
cloudy/overcast
light
Nature
lightning
to flash (of lightning)
wind
hail
to thunder
thunder
rain
to blow
to freeze
to become cloudy
downpour
to pour
ice
frost
sky
( /) to fall (of
rain/snow)
to shine
snow
sun
heat
fog
cloud
Geography
mountain
ground/land
sea
lake
ocean
river
(Expressions)
5 ( = =
) (5 degrees below zero = minus 5 degrees = five degrees of frost)
+5 ( = = )
(five degrees above zero = plus five = five degrees of warmth)
Speaking about weather

In Ukrainian when speaking about weather we use:
1. adverbs, which form adverbial sentences:
. (It is warm today.) . (It was cold
yesterday.) . (It will be hot tomorrow.)
2. nouns, which form noun sentences:
! (There is wind today/It is windy!) .
(There was no sun yesterday./It was not sunny.) .
(There will be frost tomorrow/It will be frosty.)
3. verbs denoting natural phenomena (to get light),
(to get dark), (to become cloudy) whiche are used in
the 3d person singular neuter with no pronoun:
- 152 -
. (It gets dark early in winter.) . (It

(has) got dark.) . (It gets light early in summer.)
Prefixes and the verb

In Ukrainian a verb can form a branching tree of derivative verbs, by
adding some prefixes to the root verb (a verb without any prefix, see
Lesson 5).When adding a certain prefix to a verb the derivative may acquire
quite a different meaning from that of its root: (to give)
(to sell, though selling is a certain form of giving sth. away)
Advice: When learning a root verb, it is useful to learn the derivatives
of that verb as well.
The root verb and its derivatives

Here is a schematic presentation of the root
verb and its derivatives.
(to have handed in)
(to have handed out)
(to have succeeded
in)
(to have sold)
(to have given)

(to have pretended)
(to have added)

(to have
handed on/ reported)
(to have
handed/given back)
Conjugation of the irregular verb

in the Future Perfect

, ,

The prefix -
The prefix -, besides its grammatical meaning of perfectiveness, also
denotes a repeated action:
(to ask) (to ask one more time/again),
- 153 -
(to do) (to re-do).
!!!
1
Turn the following phrases into:
. adverbial sentences:
1. : ___. 2. : ___.
3. : ___. 4. :
___. 5. : ___.
. noun sentences using one of the folowing nouns: , , ,
:
1. . ___. 2. . ___.
3. ? ___. 4. . ___.
2
Fill in the blanks with one of the following verbs , , , , , adding to them the prefix -:
1. ___. 2. ___. 3. ,
___. 4. ___ . 5. ___ .
3
Use one of the following derivative verbs according to the meaning:
, , ! (2), , , , , , :
1. ___ . 2.
. ___ . 3.
? . : ___ ! 4.
___, .
5. ___, . ,
. 6. ___ . 7. (On
the TV) ___, . 8. ___
. 9. ___ . 10. ? . ___ , , !
4
please:
- 154 -
1. ? . 2.
, . 3.
. 4. . 5.
. 6. . 7.
? 8. .
9. : ! 10. . 11.
. 12. . 13.
. 14. , .
15. . 16. . 17.
? 18. . 19.
.
5
Choose the correct answer according to the content of the dialogue:
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; .
- 155 -
20

(Checking everything once more)
: , ,
. (Ostap, I am calling to check everything once
more.)
: ? (What is it you
wanted to ask me?)
: , 8.30
. (So,
tomorrow we are meeting at 8.30 at the Prymiskyy railway-station by the
ticket office number 1.)
: , . (Yes, that is right.)
: 8.45. ? (The train leaves at 8.45. Is
that right?)
: . (Yes.)
: , , . (Well, looks like Ive got
everything right.)
: , ! (Oh, yes, dont forget one more thing!)
: , ? (Yes, what is it?)
: ! (To set up the clock!)
: ! (Dont laugh at me!)
: . . (I am not laughing. I am
absolutely serious.)
: , , ! (Bye!)
: ! ! (Good night! Sweet dreams to
you!))
: ! (To you too!)

! exclamation used when suddenly
remembering sth.
(..) near (Gen.)
() (..; )
(near) the desk (Gen.; literally little

window)
all
! (.., .; )
- 156 -
Sweet dreams! (Gen.pl.)

short-distance train
() it seems (to
seem)
! () Do not forget!
(to have forgotten)
! ( (.)) Do not
laugh! (to laugh at (Gen.))
so
(..) to ask again
about (Acc.)
that is right
() (..;
) (at) the Local
Railway station (Loc.)
seriously
() I am laughing
(to laugh)
one more thing
one more time
completely/wholly

, Verbs
expressing thought
Imperfect form
(to think)
(to remind)
(to remember)
/ (to recollect)
(to understand)
Perfect form
(to have thought)
(to have reminded)
(to have remembered)
/ (to have recollected)
(to have understood)
Verbs of speech
Imperfect aspect
(to answer)
(to speak)
(to say)
(to shout)
(to keep silence)
(to ask)
(to explain)
(to talk)
(to tell)
(to whisper)
Perfect aspects
(to have answered)
(to have spoken)
(to have said)
(to have shouted)
(to have kept silence)
(to have asked)
(to have explained)
(to have talked)
(to have told)
(to have whispered)
- 157 -
Verbs of movement
(to have come out)
(to have come)
(to go)
(to have come up)
(to have come in)
(to have gone off/away)

(to run)
(to have run out)
(to have run off/away)
(to have run down)
(to have run up to)
(to have come running)
(to crawl)
(to have crawled out)
(to have crawled off/away)
(to have crawled up)
(to have come crawling)
(to have crawled down)
(to climb)
(to have climbed up)
(to have climbed down)
(to have come climbing)
(to swim)
(to have swum out)
(to have swum off/away)
(to have swum up to)
(to have come swimming)
(to fly)
(to have flown out)
(to have flown off/away)
(to have come flying)
The Adverbial Participle

In Ukrainian there are two forms of the adverbial participle: the Imperfect
Adverbial Participle and the Perfect Adverbial Participle.
The Imperfect Adverbial Participle

The Imperfect Adverbial Participle is formed by adding the participial
- 158 -
ending - to the stem of the verb in the 3d person plural of the Present
tense:
(to read): - (they read) - (reading)
(to go) - (they are going/go) - (going)
(to do) - (they are doing/do) - (doing)
The use of the Imperfect Adverbial Participle
The Adverbial Participle of imperfect aspect denotes an action which
coincides in time with another action and has time or cause relations with it:
, . ( ,
) When working she was listening to music. (When she was
working she was listening to music.) time relation of simultaneous actions
, . ( ,
.) Being tired she felt sleepy. (Because she was tired
she felt sleepy.) cause relation
The Perfect Adverbial Participle

is formed by adding the participial ending - to the stem of the verb in the
3d person singular masculine of the Past Perfect:
(to have read) (he read/has read)
(having read)
(to have left/gone) (he has left/left) (having
left)
(to have done) (he has done) (having
done)
The use of the Perfect Adverbial Participle
The Perfect Adverbial Participle denotes an action which precedes another
action and has time or cause relations with it:
, . ( , ) Having worked for some time, she was
listening to music. (After she had worked for some time, she was listening
to music.) time relation of sequence
, . ( , .) Having drunk a (cup of)
coffee late in the evening, she was unable to fall asleep. (Because she had
drunk a (cup of) coffee late in the evening, she was unable to fall asleep.)
cause relation
- 159 -
Note 1
Reflexive verbs used as adverbial participles change the reflexive particle
to : ;
.
Note 2
Clauses with adverbial participles are typical of written style, in speech
adverbial subordinate clauses prevail.
!!!
1
Use the underlined verbs as the Imperfect Adverbial Participle (of time):
1. . ___ ,
2. . ___ , .
3. . ___ , .
4. . ___ ,
.
5. . ___ ,
.
6. . ___, .
7. . ___ ,
.
8. . ___, .
9. . ___ ,
.
10. . ___ ,
.
2
Use the underlined verbs as the Imperfect Adverbial Participle (of cause):
1. . ___ ,
.
2. . ___
, .
3. , , . ___,
, .
4. . ___ ,
- 160 -
.
5. . ___
, .
3
Use the underlined verbs as the Perfect Adverbial Participle (of time):
1. , . ___
, .
2. , . ___
, .
3. , . ___ ,
.
4. , . ___ ,
.
5. , . ___ ,
.
6. , . ___,
.
7. , . ___ ,
.
8. . ___ ,
.
9. . ___ , .
10. . ___ ,
.
4
Use the underlined verbs as the Perfect Adverbial Participle (of cause):
1. . ___, .
2. . ___ ,
.
3. . ___, .
4. . ___
, .
5. , .
___, , .
5
please:
- 161 -
1. , ? 2. . 3. .
4. . 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8. . 9.
. 10. . 11.
? 12. . 13. () ! 14.

? . 14. . 15. .
6
1. ?
. ; . .
2. ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. e; . .
5. ?
. ! . !
- 162 -
21
(In the Carpathians)

: . ? (Hello! Have
you been waiting for a long time?)
: , , 10 .
. (No, maybe ten minutes. Here comes our train.)
. . (They get on the
train. The train leaves.)
: , , . ? (You know, Ive always liked travelling, just going somewhere.
What about you?)
: . , ,
? . , ? (Me
too. Travelling and looking out of the window and wondering what kind of
people live there. Everyone with their own life. Sometimes I wonder what it
would be like if I lived there?)
(In three hours)
: . . . (We have
arrived. We are getting off here. I (will go) first.)
. (Ostap extends his hand and
helps Yaryna to get off.)
: 15 . ? (Now, we must walk for about fifteen minutes. You are not too
tired?)
: , . (No, I am okay.)
(In three hours)
: , . (Now,
I would like us to go for a walk in the mountains.)
: , . (Oh, with pleasure.)
: , ,
, . (Give me your hand,
because well have to go up, and it may be hard for you if you are not used
to long walks.)
: , ? ? (Ostap, I
- 163 -
can hear the noise of water. Is there a waterfall nearby?)

: . . (Yes, we are going there.)
(): ! (How beautiful!)
: . (I like this place very much.)
: . (Its really beautiful here.)
: , , . (You know, I
wanted you to see this place.)
: ? (Did you?)
: . ? (Yes. And do you know why?)
: ? (Why?)
: , , !
(Because I like you very much, and even more, I love you.)
: ? (You love me?))
: (Yes )

() (..) (across) the
window (Acc.)
(..; ) water (Gen.)
waterfall
() (.., .; ) (into) the
mountains (Acc.,pl.)
! () Give! (to have given)
somewhere
() (.., .;
) (to) long walks
(Gen.,pl.)
upwards
() (he) helps
(to help)
() they live (to live)
() lived (f.;to live)
life
+ (..) in + time (Acc.)
with pleasure
( (..)) got
used (f.; to have got used to (Gen.)
to have got off (literally to have

come down)
, , tired
sometimes
() I love (to love)
() you love (to love)
somewhere
place
people
even more
extremely
to go up
(.,) went (pl.; to go)
(.., ) saw
(f.; to see)
nearby
() (he) extends
(to extend)
* to extend ones hand
() () I
like you (to like)
- 164 -
to travel
() (he) helps (to
help)
() (..; )
(for) a walk (Acc.)
() it starts moving
(to start moving)
() we are getting
off (to get off)
now
hard
(..; ) everyone
has (Gen.)
(.., .; ) minutes
(Gen.,pl.)
() you are waiting
(to wait)
? Why?
() I hear (to hear)
noise
so that
! How beautiful it is!
(literally: What beauty!)
if (requires the use of past forms)
(..,.; ) some
(Gen., pl.)

(FEELINGS)
Feelings
to feel
1. betrayal 2. adultery
to betray
love (of people only)
to love (of people only)
to fall in love
to love
to take to/to like/to begin to
love
love
to hate
hatred
jealousy
e to feel jealousy/be jealous
to fall out of love
Adjectives
, dear
, dear
, beloved
Forms of address
My little heart
My little bird
My flower
The Conditional mood

The verb in the Conditional mood denotes a desired action as opposed to a
real one. The Conditional mood is formed by adding the conditional particle
(if the preceding sound is a vowel) or (if a preceding sound is a
- 165 -
consonant) to the verb in the Past Perfect or Imperfect.

Here is a table of the Conditional mood of the
verbs
the Past Imperfect
the Past Perfect
(to do)
(to have done)

Note
The particle / is moveable, and most often it follows either the subject
or the predicate.
The imperfect verb versus the perfect verb in the
Conditional mood
An imperfect verb in the Conditional mood denotes a repeated/recurrent
action: . (I would go to a caf every day.)
A perfect verb in the Conditional mood denotes a single/concrete action:
. (I would go to a caf this evening.)
The use of the Conditional mood
The Conditional mood is used:
1. in conditional sentences introduced by the conjunction (if)
As the conjunction contains the conditional particle , the verb
following it is used without this particle:
, . (If he wrote to me
more often, I would be happy.)
, . (If he had written to me, I
would be/have been very happy.)
Note
The conditional conjunction (if) denotes a real action:
, . (If you write to me, I shall be
very happy.)
2. in objective sentences introduced by the prepositions /
- 166 -
(that/so that).
As the conjunction contains the conditional particle , the verb
following it is used without it:
, . (I would like us to go to the
theater.)
The conjunction is used after verbs expressing:
request, order: (to say/tell), (to order), (to
suggest), (to ask)
wish/desire: (to want), (to wish), (to desire)
necessity: (it is necessary), (one needs/musts),
(it is preferable/desirable)
Note
Do not confuse the conditional conjunction with the objective
conjunction . The latter is used to denote a real action:
, . (I say that he is staying at home.)
, . (I tell him to stay at home. Or I say that
he should stay at home.)
Time in the Conditional mood
Time in the Conditional mood is not very important, so an adverbial
modifier of time will show us whether the action expressed by a verb refers
to the past, present or future:
, . (If she
had come over to my place yesterday, I would have been very happy.)
e / ,
. (If she came over to my place today/tomorrow, I would be very
happy.)
The root verb and its derivatives

Here is a schematic presentation of the root verb and its derivatives:
- 167 -
(to have caught)
(to receive)
(to hold sb.
in ones arms
(to have)
(to do/ be
busy with/ go in for)
() (to
lift (to go up))
Note
The perfect form of the verb is the stem -: (to
take out) (to have taken out), (to receive)
(to have received), (to occupy) (to have
occupied) etc.
!!!
1
Put the verbs in brackets into the Conditional mood:
1. , () . 2. ,
(), (you yourself) . 3.
, () . 4. , ()
. 5. , () .
6. , ()? 7. ,
() .
2
Put the underlined verbs into the Conditional mood replacing the
conjunction for the conjunction , as in the example:
, . (He says she is never late
for work.)
, . (He tells her not to be
late for work.)
1. , . 2. ,
. 3. , . 4. ,
. 5. , .
- 168 -
3
Use the verbs in brackets in the Conditional mood filling in the blanks with
the particles /:
1. () , () ___ .
2. () , () ___ .
3. (), () ___. 4. ()
, () ___ . 5. ()
, () ___ . 6. () ,
() ___ . 7. () , ___
(). 8. () , __ () . 9.
() , ___ () . 10.
() , () ___ .
4
Put the underlined verbs into the Conditional mood replacing the
conjunction for the conjunction and filling in the blanks
with the particles /:
1. , ___ .
2. , . 3.
, ___ , . 4.
, ___ . 5.
, ___ . 6.
, ___ . 7.
, ___ .
8. , .
9. , ___
. 10. , ___ .
5
Fill in the blanks with one of the following verbs: !,
, , , , :
1. ___ . 2. ,
___. 3. ___ . 4. __ (heavy)!
5. ___ . 6. ___ .
6
1. , ?
. ; . .
2. ?
- 169 -
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; . .
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 170 -
22
(At work)
: , 3
. (Yaryna, at
3 oclock we are having a tour of Lviv for a group of
tourists from France.)
: ! (Okay!)
3- (In the center, at 3 oclock)
: , ! .
. , 12 ,
.
. , ,
. , .
O .
.
.

,
.
.
, .
.
,
, , !
, !
(Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, we welcome you to the town of Lviv. The
symbol of our town is the Lion. That is why there are so many statues of
stone lions here. King Danylo, who ruled in this country in the 12th century,
had a son called Lev (Lion), so he called the town after him. The town of
Lviv is one of the most beautiful towns in Ukraine. And as every old town,
it has its own history, its traditions and its spirit. I hope we shall be able to
feel this special spirit of the town. Right before us there is Lviv Opera
House. Some hundred years ago one could hear the clatter of horses on the
- 171 -
cobbled road. These were the coaches with the aristocracy coming up to the
Opera House.
In a while we shall see another of Lvivs particular features and attractions,
which is its churches, of which there are many in the town, and each one is
very special.
And we shall finish our tour by going to a kavyarnya. Because one typical
feature of the inhabitants of Lviv is that they like coffee very much.
Moreover, they like going to a kavyarnya and talking over a cup of aromatic
coffee. And if you are invited to have a cup of coffee, it can often be the
good beginning of a new adventure, about which the walls of this town
know so much. Just listen in to what they are whispering!)

(..) to be (Abl.)
* (..; )
(.., .; ) over a cup of coffee (Abl.;
visit (Abl.,pl.)
cup only for drinking coffee)
to feel/perceive
(..,.; ) traditions
() 1. to welcome/greet (Acc.; pl.)
2. to congratulate
(..) to get acquainted
! ( (..)) with (Abl.)
Listen in! (to listen in to (Gen.))
(..; ) history (Acc.)
() (..; ) (for) a
(..; )
group (Gen.)
stone lions (Gen.)
() (..;
(.; ) coaches (pl.)
) (in) the
(.., ; ) horses (Gen.;
twelfth century (Loc.)
pl.)
(..) for (Gen.)
king
(..;
Lion
) good beginning (Abl.)
Lviv
spirit
Opera House
(..) excursion at (Loc.) () (..,;
(..) from (Gen.)
a) (with) Lviv
/ (..) with (Abl.)
churches (Abl.,pl.)
() we shall
(..,.; /)
finish/end (to finish/end)
inhabitants of Lviv (Gen.,pl.;)
() () * had a son (called)
you are invited (to invite)
Lion
- 172 -
(..; ) town (Gen.;)

() (..; )
(in) the town of Lviv (Loc.)
(..; ) named (m.;
to name)
* to name after
someone/in ones honour
() (..;
) (of) the most
beautiful towns (Gen.,pl.)
(..; ) our
town (Gen.)
() (..;
) (with) one particular
feature (Abl.)
! emphatic exclamation
() (..; ) (with)
attraction (Abl.)
, , particular/special
(.; ) form of address to
women (pl. and sing. are the same)
(..; ) form of
address to men (pl.coll.)
1. (here) upper class 2. form
of address to men and women
() (..; ) (with)
aristocracy (Abl.)
(..; )
aromatic coffee (Gen.)
(..) before (Abl.)
() (..; ) (before) us
(Abl.)
( ) were
coming up/approaching (to come
up/approach)
* (..; ) on
the cobbled road (Loc.)
() we shall begin
(to begin)
(..; ) ruled (m.; to
rule)
(..; )
new adventure (Gen.)
(..; ) symbol
(Abl.)
to communicate
() I hope
(to hope)
, , old
(.; ) walls (pl.; wall)
which is why
(..; ) tourists
(Gen.,pl., tourist)
(..; ) Ukraine
(Gen.)
(..; ) we have (Gen.;
we)
() (..; ) (in)
this country (Loc.)
(..; ) France
(Gen.)
to hear
Dear (literally: Revered)
() they are
whispering
even more
clatter
(..; ) this
town (Gen.)
() (..; ) (in)
this town (Loc.)
* (...; )
some hundred years ago
(..,.; ) which
(Gen.pl.)
as
- 173 -

The Perfect Adjectival Participle
The Perfect Adjectival Participle is formed by adding the suffixes --,
-- or -- to the stem of the perfect verb and the adjectival endings -
(m.), - (f.), - (n.), - (pl).
1. If the stem of a verb ends in -a we add the suffix --: (to write)
- (to have written) ++, , , (written)
2. If the stem of a verb ends in -, which is dropped, we add the suffix -to the stems last consonant: (to complete) - (to
have completed) ++, , , (completed)
3. If the stem of a verb ends in a vowel, usually -, and is a short one, we
add the suffix -- to it: (to wash) - (to have washed)
++ (washed)
the verbs stem

ends in -a
Adjectival
Participle
++
(written)
the verbs stem

ends in - (the -
is dropped)
the verbs short
stem ends in -
++
(completed)
++
(washed)
Examples

. (The book
is written.)
.
(The lesson is over.)
.
(The window is
washed.)
s seen from the examples, the Adjectival Participle is an adjective formed

from the verb. And it corresponds to the English Past Participle.
Note 1
If the stem of a verb ends in a labial sound (-, -, -, -) there appears an
intermediary - sound before the suffix --: (to have done)
-- (done), (to have ordered) -- (ordered).
Note 2
If the stem of a verb ends in - it becomes - before the suffix --:
(to have let known beforehand/have warned) (warned).
- 174 -
The Impersonal Participial form in -,

The Impersonal Participial Form in -, - is formed from the Adjectival
Participle by adding the adverbial ending -o instead of the adjectival
endings -, , , :
Perfect Adjectival Participle
-, , ,
-, , ,
-, ,
Participial Impersonal form

-
-
-
The use of the Impersonal Participial form

The Participial Impersonal Form functions as a verb in that it takes the
direct object. It is used to express an action without indicating the doer.
Thus, it corresponds to the English Passive voice.
(Acc.) . (The letter has been written.)
(Acc.) . (The lesson is over.)
(Acc.) . (The dishes are washed.)
The Perfect Adjectival Participle versus
the Impersonal Participial form
The difference between the Perfect Adjectival Participle and the Participial
Impersonal Form is in that the former functions as an adjective, agreeing
with the noun it is used with in gender, number and case with a special
stress on the attributive quality of the participle. Whereas the Impersonal
Participial Form functions as a verb with stress put on the action. The noun
or pronoun used with this form is the direct object to it.
Compare: . (The washed dishes stood on the
table.)
. (The dishes have been washed.)
The verbs
The verb (to go by transport) is an imperfect verb denoting
movement in one direction in a single instance:
. ( is a single instance)
The imperfect verb means to go by transport, but unlike
it denotes a repetitive general action:
, . (Everyday I go to
- 175 -
work by bus, but today I am going to work by car.)

Here is the conjugation of the verb in the
Present tense:

, ,
The verb and its derivatives

The verb denotes going by means of transport. As any verb of
movement, it forms a branching tree of derivative verbs when prefixes are
added to it.
Here is a schematic presentation of
the derivative tree of the verb :
(to have come/arrived
by transport)
(to have gone/covered a

distance)
(to have driven

off/ departed)
(to have driven up/
closer to)
(to have left
for/gone to by transport)
(to have called at a place)
(to have started)

(1. to have driven past/
2. to have moved to a new place)
(to have reached a place)
Note
The above prefixal verbs being perfect can be used only in the Past Perfect
and the Future Perfect. To form the imperfect verb the stem - is
used: (to have driven away/departed) (to drive
away/depart), (to have come to a place) (to come to a
place), (to have run over/moved) (to run
over/move) etc.
Thus, the prefixal verbs in - are used to form the Present tense
and the Past Imperfect:
. (They moved to a
new flat last year.)
. (They are moving
- 176 -
to a new flat this week.)
!!!
1
Form the Adjectival Participle to the following verbs:
. by adding the suffix -- to the stem of the perfect verb:
, , , , , ,
. by adding the suffix -- to the stem of the perfect verb (mind an
intermediary between a labial and the suffix --):
, , , , ,
, , , , ,
(), ()
, , ,
2
Form the Adjectival Participle to the verbs in brackets so that they agree in
gender and number with the noun or pronoun:
1. (). 2. (). 3. () . 4. () .
5. () (a mistake) . 6. ()
. 7. (). 8.
() . 9. (). 10. () .
3
Turn the following phrases into impersonal participial sentences, as in the
example (remember to use the noun in the Accusative case):
(a booked ticket) . (The ticket is
booked.)
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
12. 13. 14.
15.
4
- 177 -
Fill in the blanks using the verb or in the Present tense

according to the meaning:
1. ___ ? . 2. ___
. 3. ___? . 4. ___
? 5. ___ ? . 6. ___
? .
5
Fill in the blanks using one of the following verbs: , ,
, , , , , :
1. ___ . 2. ___ ?
. 3. ___ ? . 4. ___
(and stopped). 5. ___ , ___
. 6. (on our way home) ___
. 7. ___ , .
8. ___ .
6
Give the right answer to the questions according to the text:
1. ?
. ; . .
2. 12 ?
. ; . .
3. ?
. ; .
.
4. ?
. ; . .
5. ?
. ; . .
- 178 -
23
(Christmas night)
. . , (, , , , ),
. .
(Holy Supper. Yarynas family are having supper. There
is an embroidered table cloth, Christmas dishes (kutya,
borshch, varenyky stuffed with cabbage, borshch with
vushka, herring) and a Christmas candle burning on the
table. There is a handful of hay (as a reminder of where
Christ was born) under the table cloth.))
. (A doorbell rings.)
: , , , , . (Yaryna, go
and open the door, that must be carol singers.)
. , P : (Yaryna opens the door. Ostap, Roksolyana and Orysya come into the hall and begin to sing a carol):
, (A new joy has arisen,)
: (Never known before:)
(A bright star over the cave)
. (To the world began to shine.)
, (Where Jesus was born,)
, (From the Virgin Mary come in flesh,)
, (As man in swaddling-clothes)
. (Scantily swaddled.)
(Little shepherds with the lambs)
(Before that Child)
, (Go down on their knees,)
- . (King-Lord glorifying.)
, , (Oh King, our King,)
, (Heavens Lord,)
(Bring happy years)
- 179 -
. (To the owner of this home.)

(To the owner of this home)
, (And to his wife,)
(Bring happy years)
! (To our glorious Ukraine!)
: (The carol singers finish
their carol and say:)
! (Christ is born!)
: (Yaryna and her parents answer:)
! (Lets Glorify Him!)
(After that Ostap wishes):
(Little Jesus)
, , (isnt sleeping nor dreaming)
. (with His hands He
blesses the world)
(He blesses the world
from the poor cave )
(Peace to your home)
. (And Peace to your family.)
, (May all sorrow stay
away from your home,)
(And happiness come )
. (Christ is born!)
(UKRAINIAN HOLIDAYS)
Religious holidays
Christmas (celebrated on the 7th of January)
the Old New Year (celebrated on the 14th of January)
e literally: Water Blessing (celebrated on the 19th of January to
mark Jesuss baptism)
40 days fasting preceding Great Day Holiday (Easter)
the Holy Week
literally: Great Day (Easter)
literally: the Green Holidays
- 180 -
Ivan Kupalas Holiday (celebrated on the 7th of July)

the holiday of Virgin Mary as a Guardian of the
Ukrainian Army and people (celebrated on the 14th of October)
National Holidays
(24 , 1991)
the Day of the declaration of independence of Ukraine (August 24th, 1991)
()
(22 1918 ) the Day of the proclamation of the Ukrainian
Peoples Republic (January 22, 1918)
-
() the Day of the proclamation of the Western Ukrainian Peoples
Republic (November 1st, 1918)
( ) the Day of the Union of the Western
Ukrainian Peoples Republic and of the Ukrainian Peoples Republic
(January 1st, 1919)
Commemoration Days
(25 )
the Day of the commemoration of the victims of Holodomor marked on the
25th of November (Holodomor is an artificially created genocidal famine
which caused the death of many millions Ukrainians (1922, 1932-33, 1947)

(25 ) the Day of the commemoration of the victims of the
Communist regime marked on the 25th of November
(26 ) the Anniversary of
the Chornobil catastrophy the nuclear explosion at Chornobil Nuclear
Power Station (April 26th, 1986)
ADDITIONAL TEXTS FOR READING
.
603 700 2. ,
, , ,
, .
. -, + 23 ,
- 181 -
10 15 . ,
+27 , 0 3 .
,
.
2 602 000 . 48 416 000 .
Ukraine
Ukraine is located in the Eastern part of central Europe. The area of Ukraine
is 603,700 2. In the North Ukraine borders on Belorus, in the West on
Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova, in the East on Russia. In
the South Ukraine is washed by the Black and Azov seas. The climate of
Ukraine is temperate and continental, with summer average temperatures
+22 +23 and winter average temperatures 10 15 . In the
South of Ukraine the climate is subtropical, with summer average
temperatures +27 and winter temperatures 0 5. In the West of
Ukraine stretch the Carpathian Mountains and in the southern part of the
Crimean peninsula the Crimean Mountains.The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv
with a population of 2,602,000 people. The population of Ukraine is
48,416,000 people.

- .
. : , ;
, .
. ,
.
, , . .
.
Ukrainian State flag and coat of arms

The Ukrainian State flag is blue and yellow striped. There exist a number of
theories as to the symbolism of the Ukrainian flag. The most common are:
the blue signifies the sky and the yellow the golden wheat fields. According
to another interpretation the blue is the symbol of water and the yellow that
of fire.
The Ukrainian State coat of arms is a tryzub (a trident). It is a very ancient
- 182 -
sign whose roots go back to prehistoric times. This sign is also found in
other cultures, namely, in India. The figure three is considered sacred in
many cultures, which gives grounds to the belief that there is a connection
between it and the tryzub.

, , ,
, , .
, ,
, , .
, ,
;
, ,
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
, .
, , , .
( , ).
State Anthem of Ukraine

Ukraine will never die, nor its glory, nor its freedom,
Young brethren, good fortune will yet smile on us.
Our foes will perish like dew in the sun
Brethren, we shall yet govern in our country.
We shall rise, brethren, in wrathful battle from the river
Syan to the river Don
We shall let no one rule in our fatherland
The Black sea will smile yet again,
Father Dnipro will rejoice
Good fortune will yet descend on Ukraine.
And courage and good work
Will find their way
Freedom like a song will ring over Ukraine
It will echo across the Carpathians, sound across the steppes
- 183 -
And the glory of Ukraine will arise amongst peoples.

We shall give our soul and body for our freedom
And, brethren, we shall show that we are of Cossack stock.
(words by Pavlo Chubynskyy, music by Mykhaylo Verbytskyy).
Note
Usually after singing the State Anthem they say: ! (Glory to
Ukraine!) and all the others reply: ! (Glory to her Heroes!)

, ,
- ,

.

, , ,
,
, , .
, ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
, !
Spiritual Anthem of
Ukraine
God, Great and Unique,
Watch over Ruthenia-Ukraine
With rays of freedom and light
Enlighten her!
With the light of learning and
knowledge
Enlighten us, your children,
With a pure love of the country
You raise us, oh God.
We pray you, God Unique,
Watch over Ukraine
And with all your kindness and gifts
Endow our people.
Give us freedom
Give us good fortune
Give good light
God, give happiness to the people
And many, many years of life!
- 184 -

2
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ;
9. ; 10. ; 11. .
2
1. (, , ); 2. (, , ); 3. (, , );
4. (, , ); 5. (, , ); 6. (, , ); 7. (, , ).
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
5
1. ?; 2. ?; 3.?; 4. ?; 5.?; 6. ?; 7. ?; 8. ?; 9. ?
9
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ;
8. ; 9. ; 10. .
11
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
12
1. !, ; 2. , ; 3. .; 4. ?
13
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ?
3
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
6
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
7
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
8
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
9
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
10
1. () , () ; 2. () , () ; 3. () ; 4.
- 185 -
; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. () , () .
12
1. ; 2. ; 3. , ; 4. ; 5. ;
6. ; 7. () ; 8. () , () ; 9. () ; 10. ,
() ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. () , ; 14. ; 15. () ;
16. () ; 17. ; 18. ; 19. ; 20. .
13 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
4
1
. 1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () ; 7. () .
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
4
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ;
8. ; 9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
6
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
7
1. (2); 2. (2); 3. (2); 4. (2); 5. (2); 6. (2).
8
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () ;
6. () ; 7. () .
9
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4.
; 5. ; 6.
10 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
5
1
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () ; 6. () ; 7. () ; 8. () 9. ()
; 10. () ; 11. () .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
4
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () .
- 186 -
5
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () , () .
6
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () , () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () .
7
1. ; 2. ; 3. , ; 4. , ; 5. , .
8
, , , , , .
10
1. ; 2. ; 3.
; 4. ; 5. .
11
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. , ; 6. ; 7. ()
; 8. () ; 9. () ; 10. ; 11. () , () ; 12. , ;
13. , ; 14. ; 15. ; 16. , () ;
18. () ; 19. () , ; 20. , .
12 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
6
1
. () ; () ; () ; () ; ()
; () .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ?; 7. ?
3
1. () () ; 2. () ; 3. () , ()
; 4 () ; 5. () ; 6. () .
4
. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ;
. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ;
. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ;
. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. ; 8. ; 9.
6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
7
1
. 1. () ; 2. () , () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () .
- 187 -
2
1. () , () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
.
3
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
5
1. , ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. , ; 5. , .
6
1. , ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. , .
7
1. , ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. , ; 5. , ; 6. , ; 7. ,
, .
8
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
9 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
8
1
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () , () ; 6. ()
, () ; 7. () .
3
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () .
4
1. () , () ; 2. () , () ; 3. () , ()
; 4. () , () ; 5. () , () ; 6. ()
, () ; 7. () , () ; 8. () , () ;
9. () , () .
5
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () .
6
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
.
7
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6.
.
9
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () , () ; 4. ()
; 5. () ; 6. () .
- 188 -
11 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
9
1
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. , ; 4. ; 5. , ; 6. .
. 1. ; 2. , ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
. 1. ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. ; 5. () ;
6. () ; 7. () ; 8. () .
. 1. ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () .
. 1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () ; 7. () .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. ; 8. .
3
1. ; 2. () ; 3. ; 4. () , ; 5. () ; 6. ()
; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. () .
4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
10
1
. 1. , ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. , ; 5. () .
. 1. () , () ; 2. ; 3. () ; 4. , ; 5. ()
.
2
1. , , ; 2. ; 3. , ;
4. , .
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
6
1. (2); 2. (2); 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. .
7
1. /, ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. , ; 5. ,
; 6. , ; 7. , ; 8. , .
- 189 -
8
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. , (2).
10
. 1. ?; 2. ?; 3. () ?; 4. () ?; 5. ?; 6. ?;
7. ?; 8. ?; 9. () ?; 10. () ?; 11. ?; 12. ?; 13. ()
?; 14. ?; 15. () ?; 16. ?; 17. ?; 18. () ?;
19. () ?; 20. ?
. 1. ?; 2. ?; 3. ?; 4. ?; 5. () ?; 6. ?; 7. () ?;
8. () ?; 9. () ?; 10. ?
11
. 1. ?; 2. ?; 3. ?; 4. ?; 5. () ?; 6. () ?
. ?; 2. ?; 3. ?; 4. () ?; 5. () ?
12 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
11
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4.
; 5. ; 6. ; 7.
; 8. ; 9. ; 10. ; 11.
; 12. ; 13. ; 14.
; 15. ; 16. ; 17. ;
18. ; 19. ; 20. ;
21. ; 22. ; 23. .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4.
; 5. ; 6. ; 7.
; 8. ; 9. ; 10.
; 11. .
3
1. () ; 2. () ; (2), ( ) ; 3. , () ;
4. () ; (2), () ; 5. , .
4
1. () , , , , , ; () , ,
, , .
2. () , , , , , , .
5
1. () , () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ()
; 6. () .
6
1. () , () ; 2. () , () ; 3. ()
- 190 -
, () ; 4. () , () ; 5. ()
, () ; 6. () , () .
7
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. ()
; 5. () ; 6. () ; 7. ()
.
8 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
12
1
1. ; 2. () ; 3. ; 4. () .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. () ; 5. () .
3
. 1. ; 2. () ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. () .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. () ; 5. .
4
. 1. , ; 2. () , () ; 3. , ; 4. () , ()
; 5. () , () .
. 1. , ; 2. () , () ; 3. , ; 4. () ,
() ; 5. () , () .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. () ; 8. , () ; 9. () .
6
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5.
, ; 6. , ; 7. ,
.
7
1. ; 2. ; 3. () ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. .
8 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
13
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. () ;
8. () ; 9. () ; 10. ; 11. ; 13. () .
2
. 1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
. 1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. (); 5. () ; 6. () ;
7. () .
- 191 -
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
. 1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () ; 6. () ;
7. () .
3 . 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
14
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
3
. 1. ; 2. ; 3.; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. .
. 1. /; 2. /; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
5
1. ; 2. /; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. /; 8. .
6
1. / (2), /; 2. (2), ; 3. , ;
4. (2), ; 5. (2), ; 6. (2).
7
1. /; 2. /; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. ; 8. /.
8
1. (2); 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. .
9
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. .
10 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
15
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. .
2
1. , ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. ,
; 5. , ; 6. , .
3
- 192 -
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ;
6. .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
6
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
7
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
. 1. , ; 2. /, ; 3. , ; 4. ,
; 5. , ; 6. , ; 7. ,
.
8
1. - ; 2. - ; 3. - ; 4. - ; 5. - ; 6. - ; 7. - ; 8. - ; 9. - ; 10. -.
9 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
16
1
1. () ; 2. ; 3. () ; 4. ; 5. .
17
7
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
8 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
18
1
1. ! !; 2. ! !; 3. ! !; 4.
! !; 5. ! !; 6. ! !; 7. !
!; 8. ! !; 9. ! !;
10. ! !; 11. ! !
2
1. ! !; 2. ! !; 3.
! !; 4. ! !; 5. !
!
3
1. ! ! ! !; 2. ! ! !
!; 3. ! ! ! !; 4. ! !
! !; 5. ! ! ! !; 6. -
- 193 -
! ! ! !
5 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
19
1
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
. 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. !; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. !
4
1. ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. ; 8. -, ; 9. !; 10. () ; 11. ; 12. () ; 13. -;
14. -; 15. ; 16. ; 17. / ; 18. ; 19. .
5 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
20
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ;
7. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
3
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ;
6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. .
4
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. () , ; 10. ; 11. () ; 12. ; 13. !; 14. ; 15. () ; 16. () .
6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
21
1
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. .
2
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ;
4. () ; 5. () .
- 194 -
3
1. , ; 2. , ; 3. , ; 4. ,
; 5. , ; 6. , ; 7. , ; 8. ,
; 9. , ; 10. , .
4
1. , ; 2. ; 3. , ; 4. , ; 5. , ; 6. , ; 7. , ; 8. ; 9. , ; 10. , .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. !; 5. ; 6.
6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
22
1
. , , , , , ,
.
. , , , , , .
. , , , , , , .
. , , , .
2
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ;
6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. .
3
1. . 2. . 3. . 4.
. 5. . 6. . 7. .
8. . 9. . 10. . 11. .
12. . 13. . 14. .
15. .
4
1. () ; 2. () ; 3. () ; 4. () ; 5. () ;
6. () .
5
1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. , ;
6. ; 7. ; 8. .
6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
- 195 -
- 196 -
A and (a particle introducing a sentence in oral speech)

or else
! exclamation rendering disappointment
or
bus
! exclamation used when suddenly remembering sth.
address
as late as (emphatic particle)
but
! Hello!
grandmother and grandfather

(..) much/many (Gen.)
(1)/ (1) to wish/have wished
balcony
bank
parents
(2)/ (2) to see/have seen
(..) without (Gen.)
poor thing
(..) near (Gen.)
, , pale
because
(1) to ache
beard
(1)/ (1) to lack/have lacked
(1)/ (1) to take/have taken
cobbled road
! See you!
please
to be
(1)/ (1) to stay/ have stayed
(..) to be (Abl.)
to be for
- 197 -

(1)/ (1) to hesitate/have hesitated
carriage
bathroom
, , (..) worth (Gen.)
it is worth
fitting-room
in the evening
(1)/ to manage/have managed
at home
(1)/ (1) to put/have put on
, , upper
(1)/ (1) to have dinner/to have had dinner
already
you (pl.)
(1)/ (2) to run out/have run out
to look (with an adjective)
(1)/ to seem/have seemed
(1)/ (1) to call/have called for
wine
(1)/ (2) 1. to solve/have solved 2. to decide/have decided
performance
exhibition
(1)/ (1) to pull/have pulled out
weekend
(2)/ (1) to come out/have come out
(1)/ (2)to turn out/have turned out
(..) (away) from (Gen.)
(1)/ (1) to depart/have departed
visit
(1)/ (1) to visit/have visited
(1)/ (1) to guess/have guessed
(1)/ (1) to open/have opened
(1)/ (2) to answer/have answered
rest
(1)/ (1) to have a rest/have had a rest
(1)/ (1) to send/have sent
(1)/ (1) to go/have gone off
- 198 -
(1)/ (1) to feel/have felt

window
little window
, , free
he
(2)/ (2) to believe/have believed
(1)/ (1) 1. to greet/have greeted 2. to congratulate/have
congratulated
wind
windy
together
actually
(1)/ (1) 1. to suit/have suited 2. to organize
down(wards)
water
waterfall
railway station (Loc.)
hair
, , sure
in the morning
1. all 2. be through
all the time (when used with a verb)
(1)/ (1) (..) to listen/have listened in to (Gen.)
(1)/ (1) to leave (of a bus) before one catches it
street
in time
purse
! Okay!
cloakroom
, , beautiful
hetman (head of the Ukrainian military state from 1618th c.)
guest
, , deep
hour
clock
head
- 199 -
Central Post Office

voice
, , blue
mountain
(2)/ (2) to burn/have burnt down
, , ready
degree
(1) to play
comb
hryvnya (Ukrainian national currency)
money
group
(1)/ (1) to have a walk/ have had a walk
newspaper
(1)/ (1) to give/have given

for a long time
keep on
where
? Where?
sometimes
day
1. somewhere 2. approximately
something
1. call 2. bell 3. ringing of a bell
(2)/ (2) to call/have called
(2)/ (2) to look/have looked
, , strange
(.; ) girls (pl.; girl)
1. girl 2. girlfriend
really
(.) for (Gen.)
(. .) to/till (Gen.)
! See you tomorrow!
! Goodbye!
- 200 -
24 hours
well
! Good evening!
! Good morning!
, , long
for a long time
enquiry/nformation bureau
upwards
(1)/ (1) to add/have added
home (after the verbs to go/come)
(1)/ (2) to agree/have agreed
(1)/ (1) to help/have helped
road
, , dear
1. enough 2. quite
(2)/ (1) to reach/have reached
rain
drama
, , small, little, insignificant
friend
very
(1)/ (1) to think/have thought
idea/thought
spirit
shower
(1)/ (1) (..) to thank/have thanked for (Acc.)
(..) excursion at (Abl.)

short-distance train
is (the linking verb is usually omitted)
(1)/ (1) to joke/have joked

(1)/ (1) to live/have lived
life
- 201 -

/ (..) with (Abl.)
(..) from (Gen.)
(..) than (Acc.)
(..) behind (Abl.)
+ in + time
(1)/ (1) to take/ have taken with
(1)/ (1) to forget/have forgotten
(1/) (2) to finish/have finished
always
tomorrow
, a, e busy
(1)/ (2) to finish/have finished
, , too short
(1)/ (1) to close/have closed
(1)/ (2) to settle/have settled
(1)/ (2) to leave/have left
with pleasure
order
(1)/ (2) to book/have booked
too
at the same time
notebook
(1)/ (1) to write/have written down
(the fact of) being late
(1)/ (2) to be late/have been late
(1)/ (1) to invite/have invited
now
(1)/ (2) to become cloudy/have become cloudy
(2)/ (1) to call/have called at
(1)/ (2) (..) to get/have got caught at (Acc.)
(1)/ (1) to get/have got ready
(1)/ (1) (..) to get used/have got used to (Gen.)
tradition
ordinary
? Where from?
(1)/ (1) to remember/have remembered
- 202 -
, , to agree (adj., that who agrees)

(1)/ (1) to seem/have seemed
health
, , green
, , angry
, , tired
(2)/ (2) (..) to get acquainted/have got
acquainted with (Abl.)
acquaintance
to know
again
not at all
stop
(1)/ (2) to stay, stop/have stayed, stopped
appointment/meeting
(1)/ (1) to meet/have met
sometimes
, , another/other
history
(2), (2) to eat/have eaten

(1)/ (1) to go/to have gone (by transport)
(1)/ (1) to go/have come (of transport)
(1)/ (1) to go/to have gone

to go to ones place as a guest
to go to ones birthday party
heel (of a shoe)

coffee
(1)/ (1) to say/have said
, , stone (adj.)
coach
the Carpathians mountains
- 203 -
card
cash-desk
flat
ticket
Kyiv (capital of Ukraine)
pocket
room
end
horse
(1)/ (1) to call/have called
knyaz (head of the Ukrainian sate from the 9 13th c. called Ruthenia)
every/everyone
? When?
colour
platform
air-conditioning
, , brown
king
suit
, , which, what
(1) to love
(1) to cost
country
shop
beauty
(1)/ (1) to steal/have stolen
? Where?
somewhere
compartment
buying
(1)/ (2) to buy/have bought
bill
bathroom
(1)/ (1) to break/have broken
(1)/ (1) to break/have broken down
, , light
letter
- 204 -
postcard
to pour
to suit/look nice
only
, , left
to the left
doctor
hospital
summer
box (in the theater)
Lviv
/ inhabitants of Lviv (Gen.,pl.;)
, , Lviv (adj.)
(2) to love/like
people
(1)/ (1) to frighten/have frightened
maybe
almost
small/little
small/little
(1)/ (1) to put/have put make-up
mother
, , Mothers (adj.)
manicure
to have
car
honey
nurse
menu
shoes
we
(1)/ (1) to wash/have washed
(1) (1) to measure/have measured
town
place
mobile phone
- 205 -
(1)/ (1) to be able/have been able

fashion
maybe
, , possible
perhaps
one can/it is possible
? Can I?
(1)/ (1) to get wet/have got wet
sea
to shiver
museum
music
(2) must

+ (..) to + place (Loc.)
! Good night!
sorry, unfortunately
(..) at the corner of (Loc.)
much more
(1)/ (1) to dial/have dialled
even
extremely
back
(1)/ (1) to name/have named
probably
to the right
for example
at last
(1)/ (2) to set/have set (of a clock)
next
not
(..) not much/many (Gen.)
recently
Sunday
(..) unhappy (Abl.)
there is/are no
- 206 -
! not at all (as an answer to a thank you)

problem/trouble
! Let!
, , lower
No
... neither nor
Germany
nothing
, , new
news
room (in a hotel)
..! What..! (emphatic particle)
so, well, then (concluding particle)
(2)/ (2) to be sick/to have got sick
(..) at half past (Acc.)

! Oh! (exclamation expressing joy, surprise)
/ + (..) at + time (Loc.)
1. noon 2. lunch time/break
(1)/ (1) to have breakfast/have had breakfast
! Wow!
single room
clothes
! Oh! (emphatic exclamation)
attraction
, , separate
glasses
autumn
, , particular/special
particular feature
here
/ / this one (m./f./n.)
! You see!
/ so
(food) poisoning
(..) to have had (food) poisoning
waiter
- 207 -
// this one (m./f./n.)
(1)/ (1) to fall/have fallen

() little packet (packet)
(1)/ (1) to pack/have packed
Mr.
Ms.
(.; ) Ladies (form of address to women, sing. and pl. are the same)
(. .; ) Gentlemen (form of address to men, pl.coll.)
1. aristocracy 2. form of address to men and women
umbrella
stalls (in the theater)
passport
, , aromatic
pedicure
before (Abl.)
(1)/ (1) to report/ have reported
(1)/ (1) to translate/have transalted
translator
(1)/ (1) (..) to ask/ have asked again about (Acc.)
(1)/ (2) to beg ones pardon
(2)/ (2) to cross/have crossed
hairdressers
buiscuit
(1)/ (1) to write/have written
(1)/ (1) to drink/have drunk
(1)/ (1) to approach/have approached
underground passage
(1)/ to go up/have gone up
(1)/ (2) to set off/have set off
(..) suspicion of (Acc.)
(1)/(1) to trim/have trimmed
(2)/ (1) to suit/have suited
(..) after (Gen.)
on foot
plan
square
- 208 -
(..) on, along (Loc.)

nearby
(1)/ (1) (..) to turn to/have turned to (Acc.)
(1)/ (1) to return/ have returned
floor
(..) by (Acc.)
(1)/ (2) to happen again/have happened again
, , bad
weather
(1)/ (1) to give/have given
present/gift
(1)/ (1) to like/have liked
I am wordless (literally: there is no words)
1. (here) berth 2. shelf
half
half (diminutive)
(1)/ (1) to help/have helped
(1)/ (2) to notice/ have noticed
Monday
(1)/ (1) to let smb. know/have let smb. know
it is time
advice
close by/at hand
(in) that hurry (Loc.)
(1)/ (2) to be/have been in a hurry
after that
to need
train
, , overcast
beginning
(1)/ (1) (..) to begin/have begun with (Gen.)
to rule
thats right
(1) to work
, , wonderful
(1)/ (1) to arrive/have arrived
, , pleasant
Hello!
- 209 -
adventure
(1)/ (1) to come/have come (of transport)
(1)/ (2) to come/have come
(..) about (Acc.)
(1)/ (2) to excuse, forgive/have excused, forgiven
a problem
forecast
(..; ) programme (Gen.)
walk
shop-assistant
(1)/ (2) to continue/have continued
(1)/ (1) to go/have gone (by transport)
(1/) (1) to wake/have woken up
cleaning/washing
(1)/ (1) to suggest/have suggested
(2)/ (2) to ask/have asked
(2) to have overslept
just
(2)/ (1) to pass/have passed
(1)/ (2) to clean/have cleaned
. Here it is/you are.
? Pardon?
straight on
, , happy
joy
morning (adj.)
early
morning
Lviv Town Hall
bill
(1)/ (1) (..) to react/have reacted to (Acc.)
(1)/ (1) to book/have booked
change
year
thing
(2)/ (2) to do/have done
- 210 -
work, job
parents
(1)/ (1) (..) to change/have changed (money) into
size
conversation
(1)/ (1) to speak/have spoken
(1)/ (2) to tell/have told
(1)/ (1) to pay, settle/ have paid, settled
(1)/ (1) to understand/have understood
(1)/ (2) to start moving/have started
row
, , yourself (can be used with any person)

c just
// ones (can be used with any person)
, , clear/light
traffic lights.
candle
oneself (can refer to any person)
c secretary
village
, , middle
, , serious
sister
, , strong
symbol
(1)/ (1) to sit on/have sat on
juice
(..) How much/many (Gen.)
employee
(1)/ (1) to listen/have listened
, , tasty
! Bon apptit!
to laugh
(1)/ (1) to have breakfast/have had breakfast
, , sweet
dream
- 211 -
sun
, , sunny
shirt
(1)/ (1) to communicate/have communicated
(1) to hope
, , (here) still
first
(..) on your right (Gen.)
really
(.; ) things/business (pl.)
(1)/ (1) to stand/have stood into
, , old
(2) to have happened/occured
article
wall
() little table (table)
century
which side (Gen.)
to stand
c Saturday
dress
, , sad
stairs
step
(2)/ (1) to getoff/have got off
today
and
besides it
, , mysterious
yes
+ so + adverb
, , such
too
over there
father
theater
- 212 -
too
TV set
temperature
now
, , warm
thermometer
week
, , quiet
cake
1. that is 2. then
that is
then
, , that (m./f./n.)
which is why
bag
tram
(1)/ (2) to happen/have happened
(1) 1. to go on 2. to last
a little
toilet
over there
tourist
here
hard
(..) in (Acc.; direction)

(..) in (Loc.; place)
(..) in someones possession (Gen.)/someone has
? What is the matter?
Ukraine
all (pl.)
(1)/ (2) to imagine/have imagined
style
figure
France
- 213 -

house/home
minute
sharp on time
little moment
bread
1. boyfriend 2. boy
(1)/ (1) to go/have gone
, , cold
(1) to want
at least
though
? Who?
someone
this, this is
, , this (m./f./n.)
center
, , interesting
/ (..) to be interested/to have got interested in (Abl.)
I wonder
, , whole
completely/wholly
(1)/ (1) to kiss/have kissed
clatter
sugar
tea
time
often
(1)/ (1) (..) to wait/to have waited for (Acc.)
to wait
line/queue
- 214 -
, , doctor on duty
(..) across (Acc.)
(1)/ (1) to comb/have combed
or
whether
? Could you?
? a general interrogative word used to introduce a question
, , clean
man
? Why?
, , black
to hear
shampoo
, , dear, revered
, , quick
(1)/ (1) to whisper/have whispered
, , leather
it is a pity
(2)/ (2) to harm/to have harmed
stomach
to seek, look for
noise
+ (..) for another +time (Acc.)

some more
still (with a verb)
even more
somewhere else
not yet
one more time
brush
that (conjunction)
- 215 -
what
so that
just/not long ago
something
I
as
? How?
as always
? How are you/things?
? How?
if (requires the use of past forms)
, , ? What?
if
, , clear
- 216 -
Glossary of Grammar terms

-, - Adverbial Impersonal form in -, -
aspect
case
the Nominative
the Genetive
the Dative
the Accusative
the Ablative
the Locative
the Vocative
declension
to decline
a conjugation
conjugating
to conjugate
Perfect Adjectival Participle
Adverbial Participle
Perfect Adverbial Participle
Imperfect Adverbial Participle
the verb
perfect verb
verb of the first conjugation
verb of the second conjugation
imperfect verb
perfect aspect
pronoun
Demonstrative pronouns
Negative pronouns
the reflexive pronoun
Indefinite pronouns
Personal pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
Future Imperfect
Past Perfect
Past Imperfect
- 217 -
plural
Imperative mood
imperfect aspect
singular
subject
preposition
adjective
adverb
the direct object
gender
mood
the Present tense
the Conditional mood
tense
adverb
number
- 218 -
!

, 79006, / 10989.
. , . , 45.
./: 8(032)2423131
-mail: piramida@utel.net.ua
www.piramidabook.com
10.10.2007 .
25.10.2007 .
6084/ 16. Times.
. .
. . . 12,56. .-. . 13,6.
500 .
. .
79000 , . , 41.
.
: 356.
. . ! : , 2007. 212 .
46 !
,
,
.
81.2.-96
ISBN 978-966-441-044-8
- 219 -

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,

the Past Imperfect

A table of the Ukrainian alphabet:

Yy+a vowel: Yes, young

A table of the Ukrainian alphabet (continuation)

only palatalizes (makes softer) the

bringing the middle of the tongue

Such letters of the Cyrillic alphabet as: , , , , , , , , ,

Words to the dialogues

A and (a particle introducing

there is/are no...

father-in-law (husband's father)

The Nominative case (Nom.)

The Vocative case (Voc.)

the singular form of polite address: 1. to a stranger 2. to a person senior to

gender indicated in brackets:

: ! (Your new boyfriend!)

The Present tense

Some more examples of the conjugation of verbs of the first conjugation

The use of the Present tense

The Genitive case

Feminine nouns in - have the Genitive case ending -i: i

5. with some prepositions requiring its use, amongst which are:

(An invitation to the

(/) () (on/for) Wednesday

(to love) -()-

Conjugation of the irregular verb * (to eat) in

Some more examples of the conjugation of verbs of

The Accusative case

(for) nice advice (Acc.)

The verb (to have)

The Ablative case

Feminine nouns ending in - have the Ablative case ending -:

The use of the Ablative case

The emphatic adjective , ,

The emphatic adjective , , emphasizes the attributive quality of

(Getting ready in the morning)

(After work at the

putting make-up (to put make-up;

The reflexive verb

person singular, which always has the final .

the stem of the verb ends in a consonant

Here is a table with personal endings of reflexive

the stem of the verb ends in a vowel

(m.), (f.), (n.)

Taras.) . (I need some soap.)

(The clothes shop)

: ? ? (Well? Does it fit you?)

The reflexive verb (continuation)

(..) (to like)

The verb (to go) and its derivatives

distance left before

(to come up to)

(I am coming up to the caf.)

(to go/walk in)

(to come/to turn

(to come up to)

(to go here and

forming one whole

(to get together/

The Dative case

The use of the Dative case

(to wish sth. for sb.), (to

The adjectival prefix -

1. _ . 2. _ . 3. _ . 4. _