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Flavonoid Bio Synthesis in Bilberry
Flavonoid Bio Synthesis in Bilberry
clarifying the functions of the flavonoid pathway genes (Shirley et al. 1995, Tanaka et al. 1998). The expression of flavonoid pathway genes in fruit tissues has been studied on grape (Vitis vinifera) (Boss et al. 1996, Kobayashi et al. 2001), citrus (Citrus unshiu Marc.) (Moriguchi et al. 2001), and strawberry plants (Fragaria spp.) (Manning 1998, Aharoni et al. 2001). The scarcity of studies in this area may be due to a difficulty caused by the special features of the fruit tissues, e.g. the richness of different secondary metabolites and RNases, which may hinder the easy application of the molecular biological research methods.
Figure 1. A) The structures of selected flavonoid classes. B) A schematic presentation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Enzyme abbreviations: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumaroyl:CoA ligase; CHS,
chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; UFGT, UDP glucoseflavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase.
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