36 12

99 12
Taiwan Highway Engineering
Vol.36 No.12 Dec. 2010. pp.2-56

******

Excel

Excel PCACOL Excel

2.1
2.1.1

**

***

36 12 - 486

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


P1 P2 P3
P4 P5 PH PV eL

(1) P1 r' = (rs rw) 0.5

rwHw2Ka

1
P1 K a
rs
H 2 2 C K a H
2
P1( V ) P1
SIN( )
P1( H ) P1
COS( )
Ka Coulomb's formula

COS 2 ( )

Ka

SIN( )SIN( )
COS ( )COS ( )
1

COS ( )COS( )
2

=
rs
H
C
Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

36 12 -487

(2) P2

P2( V ) Bh
rs
h'
P2 K a
rs
h'
H

h=a+ba b
Bh
(3) P3 0.5 rw Hw2 0.5 rw Hw2
(1-Ka)

1
P3
rw
( H w ) 2 ( 1 K a )
2

rw
Hw
(4) PV PH eL L
PV PH M
X eL
eL PV PH

PV
P1(V) P2(V) P4 P5

PH
P1(H) P2 P3

L
M M r M o
M
X
PV

B
e L X
2

M r
P1(V)
x1 P2(V)
x2 P4
x4 P5
x5

L
M o
P1(H)
y1 P2
y2 P3
y3

B
x1
x2
x4
x5
y1
y2
y3
36 12 - 488

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


2.1.2
3.23
Pae P3 P4
P4H
P5 P5H

PH PV eL
(1) Pae r' = (rs rw) 0.5 (rs rw)
Hw2Kae 0.5 rs Hw2Kae

1
Pae K ae
rs
H 2 2 C K ae H
2
Pae(V) Pae
SIN( )
Pae(H) Pae
COS( )
Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

36 12 -489

 Kae Momonobe-Okabe's formula

COS 2 ( )

K ae

SIN( )SIN( )
COS ( )COS ( )COS ( )
1

COS( )COS( )
2

tan-1 (Kh)
Kh

1
2

=
(2) P3 0.5 rw Hw2 0.5 rw Hw2
(1-Ka)

1
P3
rw
( H w ) 2 ( 1 K a e )
2
(3) P4H P5H Kh
AASHTO-1996 475 97
0.2SDS 84
ZI/2

ZI
P4(H) P4
Kh P4 P4
S DS
2
ZI
P5(H) P5
Kh P5 P5
S DS
2

Z
I
SDS
(4) PH PV eL L
PV PH M
X eL
eL PV PH

PV
Pae(V) P4 P5

PH
Pae(H) P3 P4(H) P5(H)

L
M M r M o
36 12 - 490

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

M
X
v
B
e L X
2

M r
Pae(V)
xae P4
x4 P5
x5

L
M o
Pae(H)
yae P3
y3 P4(H)
y4 P5(H)
y5

L
xae
yae
y4
y5

Pae

yae

P3

Hw

y3

xae

P4(H)

x4

P5

x5

P4

x4

P5(H)

x5

2.2

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

36 12 -491

2.2.1

(1)

P1 P2 P3 a-a
Ma-a
Va-a

1. P1 r' = (rs rw) 0.5 (rs rw) Hw2Ka

0.5 rs Hw2Ka

1
P1 K a
rs
J 2 2 C K a J
2
P1( V ) P1
SIN( )
P1( H ) P1
COS( )

Ka
rs
J
C

2
3

36 12 - 492

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

2. P2

P2 K a
rs
h'
J

h=a+ba b
3. P3 0.5 rw Hw2 0.5 rw Hw2
(1-Ka)

1
P3
rw
( H w ) 2 ( 1 K a )
2

rw
Hw a-a
4. a-a Ma-a Va-a

M a- a, P1
H

y 1 P2
y 2 P3
y 3 - P1
V
x1
Va-a, P1
H
P2 P3
Pae P3
a-a Ma-a Va-a

Pae

yae

P3
y3

xae

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

36 12 -493

1. Pae r' = (rs rw) 0.5 (rs rw)

Hw2Kae 0.5 rs Hw2Kae

1
Pae K a e
rs
J 2 2 C K ae J
2
Pae( V ) Pae
SIN( )
Pae( H ) Pae
COS( )

Kae

1
3

2. P3 0.5 rw Hw2 0.5 rw Hw2
(1-Kae)

1
P3
rw
( H w ) 2 ( 1 K ae )
2
3. a-a Ma-a Va-a

M a- a, Pae
H

y ae P3
y 3 - Pae
V
x ae
Va-a, Pae
H
P3

3.23
133 a-a

M max
M a- a, , a- a,
1.33

V max
Va- a, , a-a,
1.33

As

As

M
As,min
f s j
d

f s

j 1 -

k
3

36 12 - 494

10

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


fs
k 1
1

n f
c

n
f c= 0.4 f c
d
As,min
7.1.6
1.2 1/3

As,min min
min
b
d ,
As
3

2mRn
1
min
1 - 1m
fy

fy
m
0.85f'c

M
1.2
M cr /
Rn n2
bd
bd 2

fr
I g

M cr

yt

b
(2)

M
As
As,min
f s j
d

W Kh
y

W
Kh
y
M
1.33

W
Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

11

36 12 -495

Kh
y
As,min
(3)

V v c

bd vc

Va-a,
1.33

V a-a 1V max
Va- a, ,

'

vc 2.2.5 0.25 f c
(4)

7.1.11
2.7cm2/m
2.2.2

(1)

As,bot

As,top

M
As,min
f s j
dp

M
As,min
f s j
dp

As,bot
As,top
M+ M+ 2.1.1 2.1.2

36 12 - 496

12

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

M max
M ,

1.33

M-M-
2.1.1 2.1.2

M
M max
M ,

1.33

dp
f sjAs,min 2.2.1
(2)

As,bot

As,min
f s j
dp

As,top

MAs,min
f s j
dp

As,bot
As,top
M+ M+ 2.1.1 2.1.2

M max
M ,

1.33

M-M-
2.1.1 2.1.2

M
M max
M ,

1.33

d
f sjAs,min 2.2.1

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

13

36 12 -497

(3)
7.2.5 6 5.4.8 dp

V v c
Lw
dp

V 5.4.8
vi
0.5 0.5

vc 7.2.5 2
v c 0.25

f c'

Lw

dp
(4)
7.2.5 6 dp/2

V vc
b0
dp

vi

vc

7.2.5

0.53 '

v c
0.21

f c 0.48 f c' c=1 v c 0.48 f c'

b0
dp

36 12 - 498

14

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


2.2.3

SAPMIDASSTAAD PRO

(1)

v ab v ab3 v a 2b 2 v a 2b
M L - L 3 L 3 - L 2
l
l
l
l
v ab 2
M- L 2
l

b a

M+M+

M max
M ,

1.33

M-M-

M
M max
M ,

1.33

vL 2.1
vL=PV/Lw
a
b b a
Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

15

36 12 -499

l=a+b

vL
T1

F1

l1 l2
l'
l

F2

a
l

T2

(2)
F1F2 2.12
T1 T2
1.

va va 2b vab 2
F1 v - - 3 3
l
l
l
2
2
va va b vab
F2 3 - 3
l
l
l
2. 2.12 T
1/4 8

8h
s
T1 1 l1
4
l' /2

8h
s
T2 2 l 2
4
l' /2

s1s2
36 12 - 500

16

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

l1l2 s1s2
T1T2 s1 s2
h
l

3. wi

F
wi i i=12
Lw
Ti
3 1.2 ACI

w s2
w s2
M 1 1 1
M 2 2 2
16
16
2
w1 s1
w2 s 22
M1
M2
11
11

max
M M

M max M 1M 2
M-

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

17

36 12 -501

s2
16
s2
11

ACI
2.3
eL

2.3.1

Pv1 Pv2 Pv3 Pv4

d1
d2
d3
d4
Pv m di

m Pv1
d1 Pv2
d2 Pv3
d3 Pv4
d4
d12
d2 2
d3 2
d4 2
Pv1 Pv1 Pv1 Pv1
d1
d1
d1
d1
2
2
2
2
d1 d2 d3 d4

Pv1

d1

2
di
Pv1
d1

36 12 - 502

18

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

m
d1
m
d2
Pv2

2
di
di 2

Pv1

m
d3
m
d4
Pv3
Pv4
2
di
di 2

vi
v

P
m
di
vi V
n di 2

n
m PV
di
di2

2.3.2

hi

v/n

hi

EI i

h1
h2
hi
P

H
EI
EI 2
EI

EI
1
i

Pv1

Pv2
Pv3

(EI)i
hi

PH
(EI)

d2

Pv4

d3

d1

d4

P
hi H
n
2.3.3

v1

v2

v3

v4

hi
m0(/)

2.4.4

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

19

36 12 -503

hi

m0

m0

hi

m0

m0
ht

Lm

Lm

mm

mm

1
ht 2

hi

hi

hi

3
4
Ep
Ip
kh
D

12
Ep
Ip
3

1
ht
m0
hi
2

hi
m0
2

hi - 2
mm
e 0.2079m0
2

ht
-1 1
mm -hi
ht

exp
- tan

2
ht

ht

ht Lm

36 12 - 504

20

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

hi
m0
2
ht

1
ht
m0

hi
2

kh
D
4Ep
Ip

D
Ep
Ip
kh

1
32

kh 0.339(E0) 29 (Ep Ip) 29 D

9
29

2
E0=28N
N=1/ N
kh
28 f c D kh
N N E0
kh
kh
(2) N1/ N
kh

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

21

36 12 -505

kg/cm3
kh 0.2(28N' )D -3/4 y -1/2

( y 1 )

kg/cm3
kh 0.691N'0.406
kg/cm3
kh 0.502N'0.37

f cD
kh = kh0
( kh = kh1)

-4

kh D
4Ep Ip

N = N

E0 = 28N

kh

0.2(28N' )D- 3/4 y -1/2

(no)

kh

kh1

0.2(28N' )D- 3/4 y - 1/2

kh1

0.691N'0.406

kh1

0.502N'0.37

kh1

(yes)

kh = kh1

36 12 - 506

22

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

23

36 12 -507

2.4

2.4.1

N
TomlinsonMeyerhofVijayvergiya Focht
Meyerhof

Qa

1
Qa
Qu
qc - Ws
Ws - W p
FS

Qa
3

FS
2

Qu Q p Qs
Q p q p Ap
q p 1
Ap

Qs f si Li U i
f si 1
Li
36 12 - 508

24

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

U i
qc

Ws
W p
2.3.1 vi Qa
1()
f s

q p

q p ( t/m 2 )

f s ( t/m2 )

(N'30)

300

N/220

(N'50)

750

C or N15

3qu1200

3qu1500

(N'30)

30N'1000

N/510

(N'50)

30N'1500

C or N15

40N'2000

N'=(N1+N2)/240

N1= N

N2= 4D N
2

qu=(t/m )

2.4.2

Pa Dorr
Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

25

36 12 -509

Meyerhof

Q
qc
Pa s
W p
FS

Pa

FS
2

2.4.3

6~8
5.5.3 2.5

Converse-Labarre 5.5.4

D S
E

D
tan1
2D 2a

2 S
E
1
1
2D
180
180

a
n m S E
36 12 - 510

26

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


nmD
n 1
m 2a

m 1
n 2a

nmD

2a
1
n 1
m
m 1
n

nmD
2
D
1
n 1
m
m 1
n

nmD 180

n 1
m
m 1
n 1 D

tan

90nm

2 S

AASHTO
Converse-Labarre AASHTO

D
D
tan1 Converse-Labarre tan1
S
2 S

n 1
m
m 1
n -1 D

E 1

tan

90 nm

S
Converse-Labarre

Feld

1/16
Converse-Labarre
- Converse-Labarre

95

Converse-Labarre

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

27

36 12 -511

D S E

D
tan1
D a

2 S
E
1
1
D
180
180

-1 Di

tan

2
D - ai
ai

Si

180
i
E
1 1 1 1 D
D

180
180

ai
Di
Si

36 12 - 512

28

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

E 1 -

i 360 -
2
i

180
360

360

(1)
(2) 6~8

360 -
360

(3) E

2.4.4

Y.L.CHANG

hi
ht

a
L

d4 y
Ep
Ip 4 0
dx
d4 y
Ep
Ip 4 kh
D
y 0
dx

y M

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

29

36 12 -513

hi
y

e - x

1
ht

cosx -
ht
sinx
2Ep
Ip
2
hi - x
M
e
ht cosx
1
ht

sinx

m0 mm

hi

hi

3
4
Ep
Ip
kh
D
hi
m0
2

hi - 2
mm
e 0.2079m0
2

1
ht 2

hi

12
Ep
Ip
3

1
ht
m0
hi
2
1

ht
-1 1

exp
- tan

2
ht

ht

mm -hi
ht

2.3.3 /
kh /

5.9
1cm
m0
mm

2.4.5

36 12 - 514

30

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


(1) vi 2.3.1 PV

mi m0 2.3.3

3.23

vi' 1

1
1

vi
mi' 1

1

mi

vi' 1

1
1

vi
mi' 1

1

mi
mi m0
vi 2.3.1 vi mi PCACOL

mm
(2)
1. hi

3.23 Vp

Vp 1.3

1.3

1.3
1.3
hi

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

31

36 12 -515

Vp 1.3

1.3

1.3
1.3
hi

7.3.6
Vu(Vc+Vs)

7.3.1 0.85
Vc

Pv
Vc 0.53(1
) f' c
bw
d
141Ag
Pv
0.53(1
) f' c
D
(0.5D 0.318(D - 2d))
141Ag
Pv Pv = min(1.3* 1* vi , 1.3* 0.75vi)= 0.975vi

Pv
Vc 0.53(1
) f' c
bw
d
35.2Ag
Pv
0.53(1
) f' c
D
(0.5D 0.318(D - 2d))
35.2Ag
Pv Pv = max(1.3* 1* vi , 1.3* 0.75vi)= 1.3vi
Ag
D
d

(D - 2d)

Vs

(2Ab fy)
S
4
S
Ab
2. 7.1.9

3.52D
S
Av min
fy

36 12 - 516

32

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


-
7.1.10

s 0.45(

Ag
Ac

1 )

f c
fy

Ab

hc
s
2
(
hc /4)S
S 2.5~7.5CM

20 N 2~8
3 36
16 N 34 16

1.7 2.1

PCACOL Excel

3.1

PCACOL Excel

PV PH
eL Excel

PCACOL

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

33

36 12 -517

170

20
40
220

210

20

13 @15

30

D13 @ 30cm

300

D13 @ 30cm
40

40

180

40

D19 @ 15cm
15

1600

m
0~8

N
2

8~9
9~11

3
8

11~13
13~14

17
8

14~16

D19 @ 15cm

15

8-19

D19 @ 30cm

34
175kg/cm2

4200kg/cm2
2800kg/cm2

240kg/cm2
2.4t/m3

1.85t/m3
20

36
5cm

8cm
5cm

36 12 - 518

34

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


PCACOL

vihimi

PV PH
eL

PV PH eL

**

PV0 (or PVe )

n

vi

m0(or me)di
di2

***

WSD

1cm or

hi

vi'=1.3(

****
dvi)

m0(or me)v

**

*** Qa

Pa

kh D
4Ep Ip
1
(Qu qc - Ws) Ws - Wp
FS
Qs qc
Wp
FS

qc

Av

PCACOL

Vu

mi'=mi mi'=1.3(1.3 mi)

****

PH0 (or PHe )

n

USD

vi'=vi

vi Qa(or Pa)

hi
kh D

mi

hi
2

Vn

3.52D S
fy
0 . 45(

Ag
Ac

1)

fc
--fy

S = 2.5~7.5cm--- --------

Vu =1.3(1.3hi)
Vn =0.85(Vc+Vs)

Vc1
Vc2

Vs

Fv
) f' c bw d - - -
141Ag
Fv
0.53(1
) f' c bw d - - -
35.2Ag

0.53(1

(D - 2d)
(2Ab fy)
S
4

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

35

36 12 -519

1
2

3
4

6
5

36 12 - 520

36

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

10

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

37

36 12 -521

11
12

13

36 12 - 522

38

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

14
15

16

17
18

19

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

39

36 12 -523

20

21
22
23

24
25

26

36 12 - 524

40

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

3.2

- 1
1.7 2.1 35.7 - 2
3.20
60cm
60cm- 3

CASE 1.- 67
v0 = 627.47 t PH0 = 100.95 t eL = 12cm
- 45
- 8
- 9~11 CASE 2.
- 1415 PVe = 535.48 t PHe =
193.67 t eL = 41cm-
1213
- 16~19
2

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

41

36 12 -525

36 12 - 526

42

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

6
7
8

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

43

36 12 -527

10

11

12

13

14
15
16

17

36 12 - 528

44

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

18

19

20

21

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

45

36 12 -529

22

23

24

25

181.64P4

181.64P4

29.97P4H

317.68P5

317.68P5

52.42P5H

36.16PaeV 111.28PaeH

49.86P1V 68.63P1H

75.29P2V

32.32P2

0P3

0P3

624.47v

100.95h

535.48v

193.67h

eLm

0.12

0.41

3.3

36 12 - 530

46

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010


3.3.1
- 20~25

cm2/m

cm2/m

9.55

7.2

OK

4.22

1.17

OK

4.23

2.7

OK

0.5kg/cm2 0.25 f c'

3.3.2
(1) 2.2.3 9 - 14
1520 STAAD PRO ~
9 STAAD PRO

t-m/m
t-m/m

1.7m2.1m
+

1.7m

2.88

3.48

2.89

3.35

1.13

2.73

1.24

2.55

t-m/m
t-m/m

2.1m
-

4.66

6.78

3.42

4.98

3.11

6.22

2.28

4.56

5.67

8.24

0.87

1.27

3.78

7.56

0.58

1.16

* STAAD PRO
(2)
10
- 16~1921~26

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

47

36 12 -531

 1.7m
2.1m
16.9cm2/m 18.9 cm2/m

10

cm2/m

cm2/m

18.9

9.81

OK

18.9

11.83

OK

18.9

15.86

OK

18.9

23.07

NG

442.45

258.71

OK

53.82

17.72

OK

STAAD PRO

1.7M STAAD PRO

36 12 - 532

48

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

 2.1M STAAD PRO

3.4
2.3 Excel
- 1
2.4.3
1.7 2.1 0.803 0.789
- 2
2.3.3
4 0.77kg/cm3 1.653 kg/cm3
- 3 1

N=(34+34)/2=34 300t/m2
- 56
- 7
5
5
m

1.7

2.1

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

0.803

0.789

hit

2.66

5.1

vit

17.42

20.22

mit-m

3.17

5.03

hit

2.66

5.1

vit

15.22

6.52

mit-m

3.17

5.03

49

36 12 -533


3.5

2.4.1 2.4.2 - 8- 9 6

m
1.7

2.1

17.42

32.13

OK

20.22

48.75

OK

17.02

29.21

cm

0.36

OK

0.39

15.22

31.53

OK

6.52

47.85

OK

16.81

28.79

0.36

OK

0.39

cm

36 12 - 534

50

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

3.6
3.6.1

2.4.5 2- 11~13
7
7
1.
t

1.7

4.49

17.19

OK

8.61

17.3

OK

2.1

4.49

17.10

OK

8.61

16.77

OK

2
2.cm

2.53

0.75

OK

3.cm

15

7.5

NG

3.6.2

Portland Cement Association PCACOL

.TXT -
1x y PCACOL
ACI x - 3
28
- 4~6
8 19 6
5 - 7
7.2.4 7.3.4
35
0.35 19 6 19 13 4
- 89
- 10
- 1112
12 1.7 2.1 34 1.7 2.1
8

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

51

36 12 -535

36 12 - 536

52

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

53

36 12 -537

36 12 - 538

54

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

10

11

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010

55

12

36 12 -539

vi

mi

kn

kn-m

1.7

170.86

2.1

149.29

vi

mi

kn

kn-m

198.33

64.01

31.14

OK

31.14

OK

49.35

NG

49.35

NG

Excel

1. 96 5
2. 97
3. 84
4. IV 8
5. 71
6. 98
7. 75
8. 95
9. 94

36 12 - 540

56

Vol.36. No.12 Dec. 2010