ANSWERS TO FINAL EXAM SEM 1 2007/08

SECTION A (TRUE/FALSE) 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F

SECTION B (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS) 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C f := 150 kHz L := 1 C

2

R := 100 L = 45.032 mH

C := 25 pF

:= 2 f

V1
12V

V1 := 12 V
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

R1 := 150 k R2 := R1 R3 := R1

Ammeter
00.000 + A

R4 := 2 R1 R5 := 2 R1 R6 := 2 R1

R123 :=

1 1 R1 + 1 R2 + 1 R3

R123 = 50 k

R456 :=

1 1 R4 + 1 R5 + 1 R6

R456 = 100 k

R T :=

R123 R456 R123 + R456

R T = 33.333 k

V1 IT := RT I456 :=

IT = 0.36 mA

Current reads by the ammeter :

R123 R123 + R456 IT

I456 = 0.12 mA

I1 :=

R2 + R3 R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5 +

I R T

I123 :=

R456 R123 + R456 IT

I123 = 0.24 mA

I1 = 0.103 mA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Given PDmax := 1 W PDmax IC IC := 125 mA

VCE :=

VCE = 8 V

SECTION C (SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS) Question 1 Varactor diode - also known as variable-capacitance diode because the junction capacitance varies with the amount of reverse-bias voltage. A varactor diode operates in reverse-bias such that the depletion region widens by the increase of the reverse-bias.

Ripple voltage - The variation in the capacitor voltage due to the charging and discharging. Smaller ripple is obtained when large capacitor is used and larger ripple when smaller capacitor is used.

Question 2 V1 := 30 V
R1

R1 := 220

VZ := 5.1 V

IZK := 1 mA

IZM := 100 mA ZZ := 0

V1

D1

Rx

Since ZZ is zero current in R1 is given as V1 VZ IR1 := IR1 = 113.182 mA R1

R x( min) is determined by setting minimum current through the diode, i.e IZK and maximum current in the load resistor, ILmax := IR1 IZK R xmin := VZ ILmax R xmin = 45.462

R x( max) is determined by setting maximum current through the diode, i.e IZM and minimum current in the load resistor, ILmin := IR1 IZM R xmax := VZ ILmin R xmax = 386.897

Question 3

Question 4 Data for the circuit VBB := 10 V R B := 47 k DC := 150 VBE := 0.7 V VCC VCEsat RC VBB VBE RB VCC := 15 V R C := 640 VCEsat := 0.3 V

Saturation collector current :

ICsat :=

ICsat = 22.969 mA

Base current :

IB := IC := DC IB

IB = 0.198 mA IC = 29.681 mA VCE = 3.996 V

Collector current :

Collector-Emitter voltage : IC < ICsat = 0

VCE := VCC IC RC

1=true therefore Linear or active region 0=false, therefore Saturates

If Rc is changed to 240 Ohm, the transistor will be in linear or active region

Question 5 VCC := 15 V VBE := 0.7 V VCEsat := 0.3 V DC := 100 R 1 := 22 k R 2 := 4.7 k R C := 2.2 k R E := 1 k

DC RE = 100 k DC RE 10 R2 = 1 R INbase := DC RE 0= so loaded vdivider 1= so unloaded vdivider VCC VCEsat RC + RE

ICsat :=

ICsat = 4.594 mA

a.

For the unloaded voltage divider bias :

VB :=

R2 VCCVB = 2.64 V R1 + R2
VE = 1.94 V IC = 1.94 mA VC = 10.731 V VCE = 8.791 V IE = 1.94 mA

VE := VB VBE VE IE := RE IC := IE

VC := VCC IC RC VCE := VC VE

b.

C1 and C2 as blocking capacitors

R4 = 300 k