"

tl

tr 1
<3

... wor-ds arranged in

ltI-lYTHN\lC pattern with regular ACCEI"TS

(1ike BEATS
in mU5ic)

(f~orn opening lines of

.~

. . ~on9fe/lOW'5 I/Evange/iY)e"j

... wOyds c~reftJlly 5elec,ted . -for sound, oCceh+ ~Yld' . meaning .. ;. +0 express '~' '.

IMAGINATIVE,~Y' ",: . idea$ "and ernoJl~~jiY;ii;.

"i:"<,",~:"
". -t,,,,.

}\::"
~.' .~.

'.A_" ..'.. .0.-, ,.""

..

'-';",

_ ~:.

-l.

':,

"~'

(I\J f. COME

To

tHE END OF
u~e6

poetry when

MY

ROPE
IN CON"E~SATlof'J...

. he. speaks or write~lNjth words th-a-t- create

5,such as

A
i~. a per~6Y\ Yhore endowed vvithi\'Y''d9 in-ation who tries to e"-pres5 -an ided with words fh-at. .
give it FO~N\ "and

BEAUT'f---

~
1

Each poem h~s (t)RHYTHM, (7.:MELOD~(3)/MAGERY,OVld And POETRY h-as"a"L.ANGUAGE" allir$owh ...

(4)

FoRi

--

ACeNS-'of the sy IrM;I~;s;-:i~ +hi: Wb~(

fJll -otre9vlo.~:"

1b~t(~i~f"~t~~~ .:

\'I\I\ETP-IC .PATTE~"W
(e;>-<cepi in ''free verse ")

called a

*"

f8iZ ijl. XY..\f.

intervals, like'the

BrAT of JVlUSIC

-tecf.iNlcAL
NAfY\E.

-ACCENTEO: / DUMM" UNACCtJTEO: u IIde II

2-

---3- TR0GIA8C.1 OuMM de I' C~M ~;g ul -3' ANAPESTIC Iude de OUMM I-V\)/ f~E l~~ -3 .DACriLIC IDtMM de de 1-.t~ :, ;~im
~~Vl
-

I"Mt C f1 pi

IV ~ I de DUMM

-a WAY 1 WILL

NOTE:
C:;ometil'Y1e5

"PAu5E
~d~

(CAESU- .'
Cln

t;,ke. the

place of S"I-~
~

urJAcctNTED

LESS {~PONOEe(DUMMoU~M)j P)1_ItRAlG(d e detTP-IBACH (d~ d'e de) USED AM""'IBAACH ( d~ DU~M de) j AAPH.MACE(t (OlJ(~rt dS D/V~A J

~~Q!-~

I
I

t~
r I

--the \\BEAT" of POETRY llFEE-T" is called

''METE~

I FOOT

4
'Ih
1\

tl II It

FREE VE5E,1
is
Y\J

ihere
0\"\

h'etricol

5
6

pottern -- it- ~15 based

the notoi'"'3/
C'ddenC8~

of ~eec.h.
--EACH

poeM ~L<;O liAS f\MELoOylf~-

~.

t-ll<.E MU~IC, I;ACHPOeM ",AS.

", .: -:, ." '. I. ' "'0 ~

~.'\ \.1/
",-

..:~.

5'~GlE.} Jove ~J-l'/ME. dove

r-:

OOUBLE L

~HYMe J
~'1ME.

nappin9
t~ppih9

oTttE6t I<H'/MIHG I~

IlmM5

AN \'.MPERFEC.Y" RHYME
two words look alike. but don't sound alike, such as "LOVE" and "JOVE"

lttlPlE }

~corYlful Iy

mouvnfvHy

SOMETIMES too MANY rhymes detract from poem -- sound too _jingly.

IN AN "IHTEItNAL!' RH'IME.
the rhyme occurs inside a line such as -- "Let's beatthe heat"

'1I\tA~UUf4E"2
,,""YME

-.5

where last syll abl e accented such as "rake," "stake" more than one syllable rhymed -- accent not on last syllable such as "weather" "heather"

'IFEMUUNE }
;tHYME..

AND EACHPOEM--. -AL~OHAS

(I)

SUCH AS "The man paced

like a hungry lion."

(2)
(3)

two unlike things directly compared (without using "like" SUCH AS "The river is a snake which coils on itself."

or "as")

-= giving

human qualities to things SUCH AS "The trees danced in the breeze."

PHe =
~

addressing some abstract object SUCH AS "0 world! Tell me thy pain."

(I

= referring metaphorically to persons, from history or previous literature.

places,

and things

-and by
(OHVPSlBC1E
such as

saying more thon is true

(4) A~TITHESIS USing

Conirast5 for effect

are wet. "

"He wore his fingers to the bone. '',

such as . "Deserts are dry; oceans

.(2.)-utJDe~STATfMEt&T 5'8yir.g/ess th-aY) is true

such as "Losing his [ob meant he could sleep late. '~ such as "All hands on deck. "

(3) I~MY. saying Eposite to wh'3r j~ -true

such as "War is kind."

(6) f/l1fJNYMY ~ub~+jtotiOt"of one word

for dt"other closelv ve''OteJ
: such as "The pot's boiling."

\N'ovd

Never

MIX metaphors, such as "He threw in the sponge before

he hit the [ockpot, " 7

Avoid comparisons

thcit are too obvious or far-fetched.

~'!:' ;

'"

\'

",

AI'!D:~\' ....
fll'l~l.l)'.

-- --~r-,a-rj :J.'a ...

If you
A love
I

are
u";

compaSSionate!

You. wi I! walk with

thi';1ear: ....
Who are here

We -face a glaciol dis,tance -HuddJ'd At your feet. ...

(Burford) . . " -':

Dr. William Burford, "A Christmas Tree" . from the book "Man Now" (,Dallas; Southern . Methodist University Pres's, 1954).

. =-

'"'.

~~~~oMe
No.of
LINES

' tSPEC'AL NAMES foy STANZAS '"""""""'~~

with diffevent number of line~
WHAT 111S CALLED
\t'Il-4P.T IS-IT
2 lines with identical RHYMES. RHYMES. '

2.

~tiYMED
'~EROIC

COUPLE.

COUPLE, TRIPLET

2 IAMBIC PENTAMETER LINES with identical 3 lines -- any rhyme scheme or meter 4 lines -- any rhyme scheme Rhyme scheme -- a b c b lst and 3rd Iines"'-IAMBIC TETRAMETER; 5 lines -- rare 6 Iines (often 3 sets of couplets). 7 line IAMBIC PENTAMETER stanza Rhyme scheme -- a b a b b c c 8 line stanza 8 lines -- IAMBIC PENTAMETER Rhyme scheme -- a b a b a b c c 8 lines --'- IAMBIC PENTAMETER 1 line -- IAMBIC HEXAMETER Rhyme scheme -- a b a b b c b c c abab abba abcb

-3

I Te.1lCET,

'4 ,4
,5
,6

QUATRAIN

any length and meter.

BALl~O
qUATRA'N

2nd and 4th Iines-IAMBIC TRIMETER

Qu,NTE.T

(CINquAIN)

SESTET
~IME. fl,OYAL. oCTAVE

7 8

used from Chaucer to Masefield

OTTAVA RIMA

See Keats' " Isabella" See Spenser's "Faerie Queen

II

" 14

SoNNE" -.:.
complete poem of 14 lines of IAMBIC PENTAMETER

ONE FORM -ANOTHER Usually

3 quatrciins plus couplet rhyme scheme--a b a b c d c d e f e f 9 9 8 lines rhyming -- a b b a, a b b a, 6 lines rhyming -- c d e c d e (or) c d c d e e See Shakespeare's Plays See Walt Whitman

BLANK VE~SE

IAMBIC PENTAMETER but no rhyme rhythmic pattern or use of rhyme

No regular

MOST'_P~IM'.,FI%,~L--,~:r;,oTtf-6se
'~, >.:'." "';""::.. -. ,~' .:, .:: -,".':.:',',-., . ,;;:.'
_"

;-/ "

e~6"'1~ tzOflt~f4(E.
G) ~~ CS4
VIRGil' DANTE'S MilTON'S 5 "Aeneid" "Divine Comedy" lost" "SONG "KING OF ROLAND" ARTHUR" "Faerie "lady Queen"

~ J'

"Paradise

SPENSER'S SCOTT'S'

of the lake" "Idylls of the King"

Or -- about a GROUP of PEOPLE (a folk epic) SUCH AS HOMER'S GERMAN "Iliad" and "Odyssey"

TENNYSON'S

'and MET~ICAL TALE5 (short stories)

SUCH AS'

"Niebelungenlied" "Beowulf"

WH ITTIER' S "Barbara BROWNING'S

Frietchie" of the French Cam "

EARLY ENGLISH

"Incident

@BALLAD
A
very ,f,ort

LE
usuolly <3bout ohim'dls-- \ with d f')10V"d I THOSE BY .
sucH At;

e;tory
~LlCH AS

Ijjj? ) t!fj
~
-"Wreck of

A short story--

R~ ~ G\.

v~~y

IOY'l9s+ory-+ic...-tion iV1 poe-.try fen')"\

COLERIDGE -- "Rime of the Ancient Mariner"

LONGFELLOW

~fI

SUCH AS

10

the Hesperus" AND MUCH .FOlK MUSIC ancient and contemporary

WALTER DE lA MARE ARTHUR GU !TERMAN G. K. CHESTERSON

OLIVER lAFARGE .',- "Each to the Other"

...

~
-

...

..

"l\@eLEGY

! .fl. . ~0 r~~
\

l 't

.
in

A lomeni"'
0\1"

@ SONNE"
A popl.llorform of
lyric poetry havi~g

me.mory

of Someone

14 \ines

u---\ L
~ ~

(j) EPITAPH

tfJ
.
.

PAAMATfC LYf2JC.
0'

short elegy to

inscribe ana MonuMent

An

emO+ion-a1 monologue di<3logue.

---

j!ro . n .'";:J !L,-~ I

DIDACTiC Foy purpo~e6 of ihstruction

. h ()

/\.'1r /., 0

I
) 02~ ~
~.l

"? / t~- /.
/"
.

M r7
~
/( /

]]:
.

.ltl L
I

SuCH ,.,5
HORACE -- IIArt of Poetry" VIRGIL -- "Georgics"

70') ~ ~ --I I 'wf""""--'

10 -att-ack -Folly via riJjcu/e

S'lJCH

AS
.

POPE -- "Rape of the l.ock " LOWELL -- "Biqlow Papers'"

ATIC
" . felling 5tory throu9h speeche5
of c.haracters
<;;vCH A5 FROST -- "Death of Hired Man T. S. ELIOT -- "Cocktail Party"
ll

ErCQI incJudiVlg
VERS DE SOCIETE1 (light a~d witty) PARODY (imitations) HUMOROUS (dialect, limerick, jingle) OGDEN NASH SUCH AS T. A. DALY { F. P. ADAMS 11

\ v-J 1
~

Ci7~cJ\ '

L"
Poetry that is very~1 in treatment -Imaginative dealing Love, etc., strict metrical . by such poets as
'1

II
but in patterns _ with Nature,

by such poets as PERCY BYSSHE SHELL

SAMUEL JOHNSON JOHN MILTON

\'

E LI
Candid of every

II
presentation Realistic concerned

ICALf
poetry with man's life -INNER THOUGHTS by such poets as ROBERT FROST T. S. ELIOT

s!y

by such poets as
:)

WALT WHITMAN

STEPHEN CRANE

GT'I
Highly symbolic. Poet's interpretation extremely personal -including such terms as by such poets as GINSBERG and the "BEATNIK"
12

"
IIIMPRESSIONISTIC" "FUTURISTIC" "NON-OBJECTIVE" "SYMBOLIC" POETS "NEO-CLASSIC l' "PRIMITIVE" I "EXISTENTIAL" IISURREALISTIC II

which are often also used in ART and MUSIC

\J'JHAT'5 THE

MESSAGE <>

,"'

1)i-fferentpoetsmay';
"I THINK OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND TO WAIT!

~ove quite dlffere~

.
"WAR IS A DREADFUL WASTE OF PEOPLE AND RESOURCES"

ATilTuDES toward
11

theS,AME- subject .
SUCH AS

"$URELYr THE ENEMY MUST BE AS BRAVE AS WE !"

"AS A SOLDIER, I DO NOT SEE THE WAR, BUT ONLY MY OWN MISERY"
.. ' ~.,~~'f~~:~-

"WAR MAKES MIGHTY MEN AND ELIMINATES THE WEAK"

~.

~.)

"WHAT AMAZING HEROISM AND COURAGE WAR BRINGS OUT INMEN"

eve

POET IS INFLUENCED

y--in

(1) his SELIEFS~~ve u~u81(y reflected

hj~THEMES
of hi~

(1) thePEIlIOI)--7' u~u8l1y affect5 the SlYLE

poems

(3)theSU8JeCf~often affec+s the M~I(ZICAL PAllelZN (4) hi5 C~ 'V'TY~wiJl -affect hi5 u~e of IMAGERY
1

cr'.tlcq~hp~~l~:d:i~ :9!:it~.ftb-1:'e;H:<;1!Wf.l~'l -a"Rge,tyllsgood .~:'-r. lOt V

".

. ,,;~~~f(([?~,5'j~'~~r)~dt~iP~'~~~'~~,:r,'f ...'......
$8rne.

QUESII~:PJcS;zto
iV)

(35k your5elf

-- is it

ORIGINAL?
That is -- is its theme fresh and not tri te?

.-->~.''':~';-,

-:,;..~.:.;,~,s...;t:<:''''-~''':'W.::I'.::~~-e.-':~f..~~l~~''''''''-''-'

'.

1
l

-- does it have

g
z:
!.
.~

;:

i ~

i
~

Are the form, style, imagery and metrical pattern . consistent throughout the poem?

'"

-- does it have

~t4YTHM1
Do the words and' lines seem to flow?

__

4lI.

,
r=;

-- does it produce

~ee? iinii~

J
-- does it have

That is -- are the figures of speech used both reasonab Ie and yet stimulating?

'/~
-- does it produce

.~

. That is --would it have meaning for most people, in most countries, in any age?

PUP FeeLING?
s.

That is -- an emoti ona I response, not just sentimental?

14

Why not discover your own favo~ite ~ ETS"'~. I andp EMS? ./

1~1~
, '

Browse in libraries -and bookstufS

'\

'~ ,,'

'\'"fo get dcq0~int~dwith "as

poef5d5 possible.

\IYl'dny

for sU99stioY'S.
SE A '~ITlC

~k)rne' ou'll y n~e more that" others:~ge+to kl'1ow them. A'~o'asK your fibt"dri3n
\. .,'

XflJ!
to get fu II flavor of rhythms and sounds. Ask yourself -- why do I like (or dislike) this poem? Analyze its meaning -- its technique. in your pocket or handbag to read in <, ' spare moments during\_ the day. Many cntho'loqi es '~ or collections are now available in paper backed editions.

Get to know the leodiV\9

A~T~OLtJ etS

LISTetJ TO poets~EADlfJG their oWt\PoEM~--

~j;;;jl .- '--~ ~. ~

(collec,tjO~5 of f'Oe~5) ,

'--'--......

~UCH

AS

----the "ALBUM of MODERN POETRY" (Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 20540) presents 46 English and American poets reading their own poems on 3 LP (33-1/3 RPM) records.

"NEW MODERN AMERICAN & BRITISH POETRY" ed. by Louis Untermeyer "TREASURY of GREAT POEMS", 2 vol , ed. by Louis Untermeyer "OXFORD BOOK of AMERICAN VERSE" ed. by F. U. Matthiessen "AN ANTHOLOGY of FAMOUS ENGLISH and AMERICAN POETRY" by Benet and Aiken -- and there are many other good anthologies.

15