SCH TRA CU CC PHN V A CHT VIT NAM (LEXICON OF GEOLOGICAL UNITS OF VIT NAM)

LI GII THIU V Tri t nhng vng khc nhau chu s chi phi ca nhng quy lut a cht khc nhau, nn ni ny giu khong sn, thm ch nhng khong sn mang li nhiu li nhun nh kim cng, qu, du kh, vv., ni khc li chng c l bao. Cho nn con ngi sng mt vng t no lun phi xem xt cn k mnh t bn di chn mnh. Vic nghin cu a cht lnh th nc ta trc y khng li iu g trong th tch. n cui th k 19, khi ngi Php bt u thit lp ch thc dn nc ta, vic iu tra a cht c ch n v bt u xut hin cc cng trnh v a cht khu vc tng vng mt ca nc ta. Nhng ch n khi nc ta ginh c c lp, ho bnh v thng nht ton lnh th, t nhng nm 60-70 ca th k ny vic nghin cu v iu tra khong sn mt cch c h thng vi vic lp bn a cht t t l nh n t l ln tin hnh cng cc nghin cu chuyn , c y mnh cng vi vic xy dng tng bc ngnh a cht ca nc ta. Trong qu trnh ny, xut hin cc phn v a cht

c bn, bao gm cc phn v a tng, cc phn v magma v cc phn v cu trc - kin to, l nhng cng c m t a cht khu vc ca nc ta. Khi vic nghin cu a cht v khong sn cng i vo chiu su, cc phn v ny cng nhiu v c ni dung phong ph, i hi phi tng hp v h thng ho li, nhm gip cho cc nh a cht trong v ngoi nc c nhng t liu tra cu thun tin v xc thc khi tm hiu v a cht mt vng. Xut pht t nhu cu thc t , B Cng nghip giao cho Vin Thng tin, lu tr, bo tng a cht vic bin son cun Sch tra cu cc phn v a cht Vit Nam ny nhm cung cp cho cc n v ca Cc a cht v khong sn Vit Nam cng cc c quan lin quan v cc c nhn quan tm mt cun t liu tham kho rt cn thit trong vic thc hin cc cng vic iu tra, nghin cu cng nh ging dy, hc tp v a cht Vit Nam. Cng vic bin son c giao cho cc gio s, tin s chuyn gia u ngnh ca tng chuyn mn hin ang cng tc ti cc n v hoc l cng tc vin thng xuyn ca Cc a cht v khong sn. Bn tho nhn c s gp ca cc chuyn gia cng tc ti nhiu c quan khc nhau. Mong rng cun sch s p ng c cc yu cu v s mong i ca bn c. B Cng nghip trn trng gii thiu vi cc nh khoa hc trong v ngoi nc cun Sch tra cu ny.

FOREWORD

The Earths crust in different areas is controlled by different geological laws, because of that some of them are very rich in mineral resources, even those of great value, such as diamond, gemstone, oil and gas, etc., whereas some are very poor. That is why, humans living in certain country need always to investigate thoroughly the piece of land lying below ones feet. Formerly, the research on geology of our country did not bequeath something to us by bibliographies. To the end of the 19th century, when the French began to set up the colonial regime in our country, geological investigations got immediately the attention, and began to appear the works on regional geology of each area of the territory. However, just since the gaining of independence, peace and unification of Vietnamese nation in the 6th - 7th decade of this century the systematic study on geology and investigation on mineral resources with the geological mapping on small to large scales and the thematic researches have been pushed up parallelly with the building of the national geological branch. During this process basic geological units have been appearing, including stratigraphic units, magmatic units and tectono-structural units, which are the implements for describing the regional geology of our country. When the research on geology has been becoming profounder, these units have been getting more and more numerous with a richer content, demanding to be synthesized and systematized for providing compatriotic and foreign geologists with convenient and reliable references when making a study on the geology of an area of the country.

Starting from this real requirement, the Ministry of Industry has entrusted the Institute for Geological Information, Archives and Museum with the compilation of a Lexicon of Geological Units for providing the units of the Department of Geology and Minerals together with related institutions and interested scientists with necessary references for realizing investigations and researches, as well as teaching and learning on the geology of Vit Nam. This task was entrusted to a group of leading scientists - professors and doctors on geology working at present in some units of, or cooperating with the Department of Geology and Minerals of Vit Nam. The manuscript has been receiving different contributions from scientists of many institutions. We hope that the book will meet the requirements and expectation of the readers. The Ministry of Industry has the honour to present this Lexicon to scientists of the country and from abroad.

LI NI U K t khi a cht lnh th Vit Nam c nghin cu mt cch c h thng, vi s ra i ca S a cht ng Dng (Service Gologique de IIndochine) vo nm 1898, n nay hn 100 nm. Trong khong thi gian hn mt th k , gn 8000 cng trnh nghin cu v a cht Vit Nam c cng b, cp n nhiu mt khc nhau ca a cht Vit Nam, hn ba trm t bn a cht chung v a cht chuyn c o v nhiu t l khc nhau, trong mt s khng t c xut bn. Trong cc cng trnh ny, hng lot phn v a cht c bn bao gm: cc phn v a tng, phn v magma, phn v cu trc - kin to, c thnh lp, coi nh nhng cng c m t a cht Vit

Nam v gip nhn thc cc mt khc nhau ca a cht Vit Nam nh n vn tn ti trong thin nhin. l nhng ng gp rt ln ca cc nh a cht trong vic xy dng nn khoa hc a cht Vit Nam, ng thi to nn nhng c s khoa hc cho vic iu tra ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t Vit Nam. Cc phn v a cht, vi thnh phn vt cht, nhng di tch ho thch li v mi quan h gia chng vi nhau, lun c coi l nhng ti liu nguyn thu gip cc nh a cht hiu c v din gii nhng vn c bn ca a cht hc, ng thi lm c s cho vic d on v nh hng trong iu tra khong sn. Do ngha , trong thi gian gn y, cc nc c nn khoa hc a cht pht trin tin hnh bin son cc ti liu tng hp v cc phn v a cht c bn c phn chia tng lnh th, coi nh mt trong nhng ti liu c s nhn thc v a cht hc ca mi nc. tin vic s dng v ph cp, cc ti liu ny c son di dng tin hc, gip d dng a vo my tnh tra cu. Cng vic ny ang c cc nc trong khu vc ng Nam khuyn khch tin hnh nhm tin ti xy dng ngn hng d liu a cht cho khu vc. Da trn cc ngha v nhu cu thc t va trnh by, B Cng nghip giao cho Vin Thng tin, Lu tr, Bo tng a cht thuc Cc a cht v

khong sn Vit Nam t chc bin son xut bn cun Sch tra cu cc phn v a cht Vit Nam. Cc phn v c tng hp vo sch l loi thng c dng trong m t a cht khu vc, ni mt cch khc l nhng phn v dng trong o v a cht v iu tra ti nguyn khong sn c th hin trn cc t bn a cht chung. Chng c cng b trn cc xut bn phm trong v ngoi nc theo cc th thc thng dng cc nc, m gn y c quy nh r trong cc quy ch v o v a cht v quy phm a tng nc ta. Ni dung mi phn v c son theo mt dn bi, trong mi s ng vi mt mc. Dn bi ny c gii thiu u mi chng. Mt phn v cp cao (lot, lin bc khu vc) ch c trnh by vi ni dung n gm cc phn v hp phn no. Trong sch a ra c cc phn v hp thc v khng hp thc. Mt phn v c coi l hp thc khi n p ng cc quy nh khi cng b, v ngc li th b coi l khng hp thc. Mt phn v b coi l ng ngha mun hn khi bn trm tch, ni n phn b, th a cht nghin cu c m t mt cch hp thc, nhng tc gi sau, hoc v khng bit c iu , hoc v mt cch nhn khc, m t vn th a cht y di mt tn gi khc. Tn gi ng ngha mun hn cng b coi l khng hp thc. Cc

phn v khng hp thc c trnh by ngi c bit tng ng vi n l phn v hp thc no. Nhn chung, c th ni cun Sch tra cu ny c bin son hon ton mi, da trn cc ti liu gc c cng b, k t nhng n phm ra i cui th k 19 cho n cc bi bo ng vo cui nm 1999. Trc ht, cc phn v magma v cu trc - kin to c tng hp ln u. V mt a tng, tuy trc y c cun Tra cu a tng ng Dng c xut bn (Saurin E. 1956), nhng do s pht trin nhanh chng ca vic nghin cu a cht trong 50 nm qua, nhiu ti liu mi pht hin lm thay i hu nh ton b h thng phn loi khu vc lm cho hu ht phn v trnh by trong cng trnh khng cn ph hp vi ngn ng v thc hnh a cht hin nay. Sch tra cu c son song ng Vit - Anh, trong phn ting Anh cng do cc tc gi t m nhim. Sch gm 3 chng: a tng, Magma v Kin to. Trong mi chng cc phn v c xp theo th t ch ci ca tn phn v, thng l t theo a danh. Nhng phn v c cng b ln u tin trong cun sch ny th mc 2 (Vn liu cng b phn v) sau tn tc gi khng s nm. Cui sch c Bng tra cu cc phn v theo tui, Bng i snh cc phn v tng khong tui, v cc s cn thit.

So vi sch tra cu ca mt s nc trong khu vc v cc phiu iu tra ca S a cht M, cng nh ca t chc CCOP m cc tc gi tham kho trong qu trnh bin son, th cc phn v a tng trong Sch tra cu ny c son chi tit hn nhiu, theo hng tng cng tnh t liu ca cun sch. Hu ht cc h tng c m t n tp vi b dy v c im c sinh ring, quan h a tng vi cc phn v gip k, gip ngi c c th xy dng ct a tng chi tit ca h tng cn tham kho. i vi cc phn v magma, cc oxyt nh tnh cho cc phn v c a vo gip nhn nh v thnh phn ca phc h, ng thi phn v no c t liu v tui ng v u c a vo. i vi phn kin to, do nhng d liu c s c tnh nh lng gip xc nh bi cnh kin to ca cu trc hin nay cn tha tht, trong sch trnh by nhng phn v hin c nhiu ngi chp nhn hn c, ng thi nhng quan im khc u c gii thiu trong phn nhn xt gip ngi c rng b xem xt. Sch tra cu ny m t 473 phn v a tng, 89 phn v magma v 96 phn v cu trc - kin to. Vic bin son Sch tra cu cc phn v a cht Vit Nam c giao cho mt nhm cc nh khoa hc a cht gm 7 ngi phn cng nh sau: Trn Tt Thng - a tng Tin Cambri, Tng Duy Thanh - a tng Paleozoi, V Khc - a tng Mesozoi, Trnh

Dnh - a tng Kainozoi, o nh Thc - magma, Trn Vn Tr v L Duy Bch - kin to. Tham gia bin son Sch tra cu cn c mt s cng tc vin chnh: Nguyn c Khoa v Phm Vn Hng - v a tng, Phan Thin - v magma, v Ng Gia Thng - v kin to. Nhiu nh khoa hc a cht c nhm bin son tham kho kin bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau: trc tip hay gin tip. Trong qu trnh bin son cng trnh, nhm bin son nhn c s ng vin v gip ca lnh o Cc a cht v khong sn Vit Nam v Vin Thng tin, Lu tr, Bo tng a cht. Chng ti cng nhn c s cng tc v gip ca nhiu ng nghip hin ang nghin cu v ging dy cc Vin, cc Trng i hc. Ch bn ca cng trnh ny do Nguyn Mai Lng thc hin. Nhn dp cun sch c xut bn, cc tc gi chn thnh cm n s quan tm gip v cng tc ca cc c quan v ng nghip nu trn. NHM BIN SON

PREFACE

Over one hundred years have gone since the time when the geology of Vit Nams territory has been regularly studied, with the establishment of the Service Gologique de lIndochine in 1898. During this century period, nearly 8.000 research works on the geology of Vit Nam were published, touching upon different aspects of it, over three hundreds geological and specialized geological maps were surveyed on different scales, among them a no small number were printed. In these research and investigating works a great number of basic geological units, including: stratigraphic, magmatic and tectono-structural units, have been described; they really are means for describing the geology of Vit Nam, and for well understanding the different sides of it as they exist in the nature. These are great contributions of geologists to the building up of the geological science of Vit Nam, at the same time, to the creation of scientific bases for the investigation on mineral resources within the earths eatrails of Vit Nam. Geological units, with their material composition, biological remains and the relationships between them, have been often regarded as original materials which help geologists in the cognizance and interpretation of basic problems of geology, at the same time create the bases for forecasting and

orienting in the investigation on mineral resources. Because of that, in recent time, the countries having a developed geological science have been compiling synthetic works on basic geological units established in their territories, that has been regarded as one of basic materials for cognizing the geology of each country. These works have been compiled in the informatic form, allowing to easily enter the PC for convenient use. The SE Asian countries are encouraging this work, tending to establish a geological database for the region. Basing on the above-said significance and practical needs, the Ministry of Industry has been entrusting the Institute for Geological Information, Archives and Museum of the Department of Geology and Minerals the organisation for compiling and publishing a Lexicon of Geological Units of Vit Nam. The units included in this Lexicon are such units, which have been frequently used in the description of the regional geology, in inner words, used in geological mapping and mineral resources investigation, and drawn in geological maps. They were published in different domestic, or foreign, publications in accordance with common formalities, that were recently provided for in geological mapping regulations and stratigraphic codex of the Department of Geology and Minerals.

The content of each unit has been compiled in accordance with a plan, in which each item corresponds to a number. This plan is given at the beginning of each chapter. An unit of the high rank (group, regional superstage) has been presented with only its components. Valid and unvalid units as well have been given in the book. An unit has been regarded as valid, when it answers the common rules in its publication, but invalid in the contrary case. An unit has been regarded as a junior synonym, when its author described repeatedly a geological body without knowing that this body was described previously under another name. The junior synonym is regarded also as invalid. Invalid units are described only for knowing they correspond to what valid units. This Lexicon has been compiled on the basis of original materials published home and aboad, from first publications at the end of the XIX Century to journal articles published in the 1999 year. It could be regarded as a first capital, synthetic work on the geology of Vit Nam. In fact, magmatic rock and tectonio-structural units have been synthesized firstly in this Lexicon. As for stratigraphic side, the Stratigraphic lexicon of Indochina was published (Saurin E. 1956), but because of the fast development of the geological study during last 50 years, new

gathered materials have been changing almost all the regional classifications, so the units described in this Lexicon have been becoming not coforming to modern geological language and practice. For convenient exchange and distribution this Lexicon has been compiled bilingually in Vietnamese-English. The English text was realized also by the authors. The book is composed of three chapters: Stratigraphy, Magmatism, and Tectonics. In each chapter, the units are arranged in alphabetic order of their names, which often consist of geographic names. As for the units firstly published in this Lexicon, in its paragraph 2 Initial reference there is not the year number after the author name/names. At the end of the book there are Index of units according to their age, Alignment of units of each erathem, and other necessary schemes. Tending to upgrade the datum character of the Lexicon, the compilers have used a more detailed description plan for different units than lexicons from some SE Asian countries, and reference cards of the US Geological Survey and the International organization ccop. In the description of almost all formations the thickness, sediment characteristics, and gathered fossils of their members are given, from which the reader could set up a detailed stratigraphic column for the referred formation. In the description

of magmatic units the qualitative oxides were included for helping to judge the petrographic composition of the complexes; at the same time the isotopic datations, if there are, were also included. As for tectonic units, the compilers have met a no small number of problems. At present time the quantitative basic data which allow to determine the tectonic settings of each structure are still thin, therefore, the described units have been regarded as most accepted, and the other viewpoints have been presented in the Remarks for wide judgment of the readers. In this Lexicon 473 stratigraphic units, 89 magmatic units, and 96 tectono-structural units are described. The compilation of this book has been entrusted to a group of geoscientists of 7 persons with following responsabilities: Trn Tt Thng Precambrian stratigraphy, Tng Duy Thanh Paleozoic stratigraphy, V Khc - editor and Mesozoic stratigraphy, Trnh Dnh - Cenozoic stratigraphy, o nh Thc - Magmatism, L Duy Bch and Trn Vn Tr - Tectonics. Apart from mentioned authors, other geologists were invited as collaborators, namely: Nguyn c Khoa and Phm Vn Hng on stratigraphy, Phan Thin on magmatism, and Ng Gia Thng on tectonics. In addition, the compilers have consulted with

colleagues from different institutions in different disciplines of geology. On the occasion of finishing the work, the compilers express their sincere acknowledgments to the Directorate of the Department of Geology and Minerals of Vit Nam, and of the Institute for Geological Information, Archives and Museum for their encouragement and help during the process of compiling this book. Many thanks are extended to all colleagues for collaboration, and to Nguyn Mai Lng for the manuscript layout.

CHNG I. A TNG STRATIGRAPHY

A Chc (H tng Formation) A Lin (H tng - Formation) A Ngo (H tng, Formation) A Vng (H tng, Formation) i Ngha (H tng, Formation) Aluvi c (Old Alluvia) Aluvi tr (Recent Alluvia) Amphipora ( vi, Limestone) An Chu (ip, Suite) An Chu (Lot, Group) An im (H tng, Formation) Angaras (Lot, Group) An Ph (H

H Tu (H tng, Formation) H Lang (H tng, Formation) H Lang (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) H Long (H tng, Formation) Hi Dng (H tng, Formation) Hi Hng (H tng, Formation) Hm Rng (H tng, Formation) Hang Mon (H tng, Formation) Hu Giang (H tng, Formation) H lp cha ho thch Napeng (Napeng Fauna Beds) H lp cha Myophoria napengensis (Myophoria napengensis Beds) Ho Bnh (Tng vn ho,

Pa Pei (Srie) Pc Ma ( vi, Limestone) Pakha (Srie) Paleogen (Thnh to, Formation) Pc Nm (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) Pha Long (H tng, Formation) Ph L (H tng, Formation) Phan Lng (H tng, Formation). Phan Thit (H tng, Formation) Phia Khao (H tng, Formation) Phing ia ( phin v vi, Shale and Limestone)

tng, Formation) Antracolit trung v thng - (Middle and Upper Anthracolitic) Ba Hn - Lng Lch (Lot phin kt tinh, Group of crystalline schists) B Miu (H tng, Formation) B Thc (ip, Suite) Bch H (H tng, Formation) Bch Long V (H tng, Formation) Bo Lc (H tng, Formation) Bi ng (ip, Suite) Bi Chy (H tng, Formation) Bn C (H tng, Formation) Bn Ci (H tng,

Cultural Horizon) Hong Mai (H tng, Formation) Hong Ho (H tng, Formation) Hn Chng (H tng, Formation) Hn c (H tng, Formation) Hn Gai (H tng, Formation) Hn Heo (H tng, Formation) Hn Mu (H tng, Formation) Hn Ngang (H tng, Formation) Hn Ngh (Lot, Group) H Tam Hoa (H tng, Formation) Hng Ngi (H tng, Formation) Hn Qun (H tng, Formation) Hui Li (H tng, Formation) Hui Nh (H tng, Formation) Hui Ren (H

Ph Bng (H tng, Formation) Phong Chu (H tng, Formation) Phong Hanh (H tng, Formation) Phong Nha (H tng, Formation) Phong Sn (H tng, Formation) Ph Hong (Lot, Group) Ph Lng (H tng, Formation) Ph Tin (H tng, Formation) Ph Ng (H tng, Formation) Ph Quc (H tng, Formation) Ph C (H tng, Formation) Ph c (H tng, Formation)

Formation) Bn C (H tng, Formation) Bn Cng (H tng, Formation) Bn Dit (H tng, Formation) Bn n (Lot, Group) Bn Ging (H tng, Formation) Bn Hang (H tng, Formation) Bn Ht (H tng, Formation) Bn Hom (Tng vi, Limestone Beds) Bn Hom (Tng st vi, Marlaceous Beds) Bn Ngun (H tng, Formation) Bn Pp (Lot, Group) Bn Pp (Lin bc, Regional

tng, Formation) Huron (Vt liu, Materials) Hu Chnh (H tng, Formation) Ia Ban (H tng, Formation) Inosinias Kan Nack (Lot, Group) K Bo (H tng, Formation) Khao H (H tng, Formation) Khao Lc (H tng, Formation) Khm c (H tng, Formation) Khe ng (H tng, Formation) Khe B (H tng, Formation) Khe Gia (H tng, Formation) Khe Rn (H tng, Formation) Khn Lng (H tng, Formation) Kin Lng (H tng, Formation) Kin An (H tng, Formation)

Phng Hip (H tng, Formation) Phc Tn (H tng, Formation) Pia Phng (H tng, Formation) Po Sen (H tng, Formation) P C (H tng, Formation) Pu Tra (H tng, Formation) Puing silic c cui thch anh (Quartz bebbles - bearing cherty puddingstone) Quy t ( vi, Limestone) Quy t (H tng, Formation) Quy Lng (H tng, Formation) Qu Chu (Lot, Group) Ro Chan (H tng, Formation)

Superstage) Bn Rm (H tng, Formation) Bn Tang (H tng, Formation) Bn Thng (H tng, Formation) Bn Thc (Srie) Bn Vn (ip, Suite) Bc Bun (H tng, Formation) Bc Bun (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) Bc M (H tng, Formation) Bc Sn (Tng vn ho, Cultural Horizon) Bc Sn = Mi (H tng, Formation) Bc Thu (H tng, Formation) Bng Ca (H tng, Formation

Kin Xng (H tng, Formation) Kim Lu (Srie) Kim Sn (H tng, Formation) Kon Cot (H tng, Formation) Kon Tum (H tng, Formation). K Sn (H tng, Formation) La Kh (H tng, Formation) La Ng (Phn lot, Subgroup) La Trng (H tng, Formation) Lc Lm (H tng, Formation) Lai Chu (H tng, Formation) Lang Ca Ph ( vi, Limestone) Lng Bai (H tng, Formation) Lng n (H tng, Formation) Lng n (Srie) Lng in (H tng, Formation)

Rinh Cha (H tng, Formation) Sa Pa (H tng, Formation) S Phn (Lot, Group) S Pit (H tng, Formation) Sm Sn (H tng, Formation) Si Ka (H tng, Formation) Si Phai (Chi Phai) (H tng, Formation) Sin Cao (H tng, Formation) Sinh Quyn (H tng, Formation) Sinh Vinh (H tng, Formation) Sc Lu (H tng, Formation) Sng Ba (H tng, Formation)

) Bn Kh (H tng, Formation) Bin ng (H tng, Formation) Bnh Gia (H tng, Formation) Bnh Liu (H tng, Formation) Bnh Minh (H tng, Formation) Bnh Sn (H tng, Formation) Bnh Trng (H tng, Formation) B Hing (H tng, Formation) B Mi (Tp, Member) Bng Sn (H tng, Formation) B Khng (H tng, Formation) Bu Long (H tng,

Lng Hang (H tng, Formation) Lng Vc (H tng, Formation) Lng Sn (H tng, Formation) Ln Png (H tng, Formation) L Chi (H tng, Formation) L K (H tng, Formation) L Ninh (H tng, Formation) Li (H tng, Formation) Long Bnh (H tng, Formation) Long i (H tng, Formation) Long M (H tng, Formation) Long Ton (H tng, Formation) L Sn (H tng, Formation) Lc Liu (H tng, Formation) Lc R (Srie) Lng Nm (H tng, Formation) Lng P (H tng, Formation)

Sng Bi (H tng, Formation) Sng Bi (H tng, Formation) Sng Bung (H tng, Formation) Sng C (Phc h, Complex). Sng Cu (Lot, Group) Sng Chy (Lot, Group) Sng (Lot, Group) Sng Ln (i quarzit, Quartzite Zone) Sng Gm (i h lu, Downstream Zone) Sng Gi (ip, Suite) Sng Hin (H tng, Formation) Sng Hng (Lot, Group) Sng Hng v Sng Chy (Gneis gia, Gneiss between)

Formation) Ca T (H tng, Formation) C Mau (H tng, Formation) Ci i (H tng, Formation) Caleon (Vt liu, Materials) Cam ng (H tng, Formation) Cam L (H tng, Formation) Cam Ranh (H tng, Formation) Cao Bng (H tng, Formation) Cao Qung (H tng, Formation) Cao Vinh (ip, Suite) Ct B (H tng, Formation) Ct ng (H tng, Formation)

Lng Tru (H tng, Formation) Lutxia (H tng, Formation) Lc Khiu (H tng, Formation) Lng K (H tng, Formation) L Ho (H tng, Formation) M (H tng, Formation) M P Ln (Srie) Mang Giang (H tng, Formation) Mng Cu (H tng, Formation) Mavieck (H tng, Formation) Mu Sn (H tng, Formation) Mu Du (H tng, Formation) Mia L (H tng, Formation) Mia L (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) Minh Ho (H tng, Formation) Minh L (H tng, Formation)

Sng Kim Sn (Lot, Group) Sng L ( phin hoc Phc h, Schist or Complex) Sng Lu (H tng, Formation) Sng M (H tng, Formation) Sng Mua (H tng, Formation) Sng Nan (H tng, Formation) Sng Phan (H tng, Formation) Sng Re (H tng, Formation) Sng Si Gn (H tng, Formation) Sng Tranh (H tng, Formation) Sn Ch (H tng, Formation) Sn Dng (ip, Suite)

 Ct ng (Lot, Group) Ct kt thng (Upper Sandstone) Ct kt cha Hoernesia socialis (Hoernesia socialis Sandstone) Cau (H tng, Formation) Cm Thy (H tng, Formation) Cn Th (H tng, Formation) Chang Pung (H tng, Formation) Chapa - Cc Xan (Srie) Chu Thi (H tng, Formation) Chim Ho (H tng, Formation) Chiu Riu (H tng, Formation) Ch Klin (H tng, Formation)

Miocen (Trm tch, Sediments) M ng (H tng, Formation) M Nhi (H tng, Formation) M Tm ( vi, Limestone) Mng Cy (t c; Ancient beds) M Thp (H tng, Formation) Mc Ho (H tng, Formation) M Gi (H tng, Formation) Mc Bi (H tng, Formation) Mng Ch (H tng, Formation) Mng Hinh (H tng, Formation) Mng Lng (H tng, Formation) Mng Th (Srie) Mng Th ( phin v ct kt, Shale and sandstone) Mng Trai

Sn La (Lot, Group) Sn Liu (ip, Suite) Sui Bng (H tng, Formation) Sui B (H tng, Formation) Sui Ching (H tng, Formation) Sui Lng (H tng, Formation) Sui Tra (H tng, Formation) Sn Gia (H tng, Formation) T Nt (H tng, Formation) T Pa (H tng, Formation) T Thit (Lot, Group) T Khoa (H tng, Formation) Tam Danh (H tng,

 Ch Prng (H tng, Formation) Ch S (H tng, Formation) C Bai (H tng, Formation) C Mi (H tng, Formation) C Ni (H tng, Formation) Con Voi (H tng, Formation) C T (H tng, Formation) C Bi ( phin ct; Sandy shale) C Phc (H tng, Formation). Cc Pi (Srie) Cc Xan (Srie) Cc X (H tng, Formation) C Lao Dung (H tng,

(H tng, Formation) Mng Xn (H tng, Formation) M c (Lot, Group) M Tho (H tng, Formation) Na Bo (Srie) Na Ca (Srie) Na Ch (Srie) Na Dng (H tng, Formation) Na Man (Srie) Na Yan (Srie) N Cp (H tng, Formation) N on (Tp, Member) N Hang (H tng, Formation) N Khut (H tng, Formation) N M (H tng, Formation) N Ngn (H tng, Formation) N Qun (H tng, Formation)

Formation) Tam Lang (H tng, Formation) Tam Lung (H tng, Formation) Tc P (H tng, Formation) Tn Lc (H tng, Formation) Tn Lm (H tng, Formation) Tn Lm (H tng, Formation) Tn Lp (H tng, Formation) Tn Mi (H tng, Formation) Ty Cc (H tng, Formation) Ty Hn Ngh (H tng, Formation) Ty Trang (H tng, Formation) Thc B (H

Formation) C Chi (H tng, Formation) Cui kt (H tng, Formation) Ca Ro (H tng, Formation) Dm kt nh (Top Breccias) Dm kt h X (Breccias of X System) Du Ting (H tng, Formation) Di Linh (H tng, Formation) Da (H tng, Formation) Dng Hu (ip, Suite) Dng ng (H tng, Formation) a Ning (H tng, Formation) a Phc (Tng, Formation) a Pren (H

Nagotna (H tng, Formation) Nam Cn Sn (H tng, Formation) Nam Du (H tng, Formation) Nam Ho, Nam Mo (Srie) Nam (H tng, Formation) Nm Cn (H tng, Formation) Nm Bay (H tng, Formation) Nm Cn (H tng, Formation) Nm C (H tng, Formation) Nm Ci (H tng, Formation) Nm L (H tng, Formation) Nm Mu (H tng, Formation) Nm Pa (H tng, Formation) Nm P (H tng, Formation) Nm Qua (H tng, Formation) Nm Sm (Srie) Nm Sp (H

tng, Formation) Thch Hn (H tng, Formation) Thch Khon (H tng, Formation) Thch Yn (Lot, Group) Thi Bnh (H tng, Formation) Thi Ninh (H tng, Formation) Thi Thu (H tng, Formation) Thanh Lng (H tng, Formation) Thn Sa (H tng, Formation) Thin Nhn (H tng, Formation) Th Lm (Lot, Group) Thng (H tng, Formation) Th c (H tng,

tng, Formation) Nng (H tng, Formation) inh (H tng, Formation) Mi (H tng, Formation) phin cha Margarites samneuaensis (Margarites samneuaensis Shale) phin Tr An (Tr An Shale) i Giang (H tng, Formation) i Th (H tng, Formation) p Cu (Tng, Formation) c Bng (H tng, Formation) c Krng (H tng, Formation) c Rium (H

tng, Formation) Nm Tt (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) Nm Thm (H tng, Formation) Nm Thp (H tng, Formation) Neogen (Trm tch, Sediments) Ngn Sn ( vi, Limestone) Nghi Xun (H tng, Formation) Ngha L (H tng, Formation) Ngc Lm (H tng, Formation) Ngc Linh (Lot, Group) Ngi Chi (H tng, Formation) Ngi Ht (H tng, Formation) Ngi Thia (H tng, Formation) Nha Trang (H tng, Formation) Nh B (H tng, Formation) Nong Da ( vi, Limestone) Nng Sn (Lot, Group)

Formation) Thu ng (H tng, Formation) Tin An (H tng, Formation) Tin Hng (H tng, Formation) Tin Giang (H tng, Formation) Tiu Giao (H tng, Formation) Tng B (Lot, Group) Tc Tt (H tng, Formation) Tr C (H tng, Formation) Tr Tn (H tng, Formation) Tri Su (H tng, Formation) Trng Knh (H tng, Formation) Trng Bom (H tng,

tng, Formation) k Lin (H tng, Formation) k Long (H tng, Formation) k L (H tng, Formation) k Mi (H tng, Formation) t Cuc (H tng, Formation) t (H tng, Formation) o Bo Lc (H tng, Formation) o Bn (H tng, Formation) o Nhe (ip, Suite) tam (Trm tch, Sediments) in L (H tng, Formation) nh Cao (H tng,

Ni Con Voi (H tng, Formation) Ni Cp (H tng, Formation) Ni V (H tng, Formation) Ni Xc (H tng, Formation) Nc M (H tng, Formation) Oligocen (Trm tch, Sediments) Lin (H tng, Formation) Pa Ham (H tng, Formation) Pa Pei ( vi, Limestone)

Formation) Trm tch mu - Red Beds Tr An ( phin, Shale) Trung Sn (H tng, Formation) T L (H tng, Formation) T L (Lot, Group) T Loan (H tng, Formation) Tc Trng (H tng, Formation) Tuy Ho (H tng, Formation) Tuyn Quang (H tng, Formation) Ung B (Tng, Formation) Vn Linh (Srie) Vn Yn (H tng, Formation) Vn Chn (H tng,

Formation) Sn (H tng , Formation) n Sn (Tng, Formation) ng Sn (H tng, Formation) ng Th (ng Th) (H tng, Formation) ng ng (H tng, Formation) ng (H tng, Formation) ng Giao (H tng, Formation) ng Ho (H tng, Formation) ng Hi (H tng, Formation) ng M (Lot, Group) ng Tru (H tng, Formation) ng Vn

Formation) Vn Lng (H tng, Formation) Vn Yn (H tng, Formation) Vin Nam (H tng, Formation) Vnh Bo (H tng, Formation) Vnh iu (H tng, Formation) Vnh Lc (ip, Suite) Vnh Phc (H tng, Formation) V X (Tng, Formation) Xa Lam C (H tng, Formation) Xa Lon (H tng, Formation) X Bng Hing (H tng, Formation) Xm Con Giu (Srie)

(Srie) ng H (H tng, Formation) ng Ton (H tng, Formation) n Dng (H tng, Formation) ray Linh (Phn lot, Subgroup) Ea Sp (H tng, Formation) Fansipan (Orthogneis, Orthogneiss) Fusulin ( vi, Limestone) H Ci (H tng, Formation) H Giang (H tng, Formation) H Ni (H tng, Formation) H Tin (H tng, Formation)

Xm Nha (H tng, Formation ) Xun i (Lot, Group) Xun Ho (H tng, Formation) Xun Lc (H tng, Formation) Xun Sn (H tng, Formation) Yn Bnh (H tng, Formation) Yn Chu (H tng, Formation) Yn Duyt (H tng, Formation) Yn Khnh (Tng, Formation) Yn Lc (H lp, Unifying Beds) Yn M (H tng, Formation) Yn T (ip, Suite) Yunnanellina

(H lp, Beds)

A
A Chc (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. ng Trn Huyn v nnk. 1980 (H tng Tn Lm -- Tn Lm Formation). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr province. 4. Mt ct A Chc (cng gi A Sc) - Ta Png, Hng Ha, Qung Tr From A Chc (or A Sc) village to Ta Png village, Hng Ha district, Qung Tr province; x = 16o51'; y = 106o34'. 5. a) Sn kt, cui kt v ct kt, 5m; b) ct kt, bt kt xen phin st mu c trng, khong 100m. Mt ct y (ph chun) l ra sn i ven ng 9, cch th trn Cam L 4 - 5 km v pha ty ty nam (ng Trn Huyn trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986): a) Cui kt, ct kt, bt kt xen t phin st tm , tm nu, 60m; b) ct kt, phin st mu nu, xm nu, c ch xm en, 40 - 50m.

a) Gritstone, conglomerate and sandstone, 5m; b) red (chocolate) sandstone, siltstone, clay shale interbeds, 100m approximately. The best section (hypostratotype) is located at hill slopes along the Road N0 9, some 4 - 5 km west-southwest of Cam L townlet, Qung Tr province (ng Trn Huyn in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986): a) conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone some interbeds of red-violet, brown-violet shale, 60m; b) brown sandstone, brown -grey, locally, black-grey clay shale, 40 50m. 6. 100 - 150m (400m - Nguyn Vn Honh v nnk. 1984). 7. Lingula cf. cornea (a), L. aff. hawkei (a), L. aff. loulanensis (a), L. cf. muongthensis (a). 8. H tng A Chc nm bt chnh hp trn h tng i Giang, c ni bt chnh hp trn h tng Long i v b h tng Tn Lm (theo khi nim mi trong sch ny) ph chnh hp A Chc Fm. unconformably overlies the i Giang Fm. or Long i Fm., and conformably underlies the Tn Lm Fm. (in the new conception from this book, see Tn Lm Fm.) 9. Lc a Continental.

10. Ht. A Chc lu nay c quen gi l Ht. Tn Lm: ng Trn Huyn, Lng Hng Hc 1980; Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986; Nguyn Xun Dng (trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk.) 1990*; inh Minh Mng (1979: tn b trng - nom. nudum). Tuy nhin trc y tn gi Tn Lm c Trn Th Ch Thun & H. Fontaine (1968) dng t cho h tng vi evon y (xem Ht. Tn Lm). Do tn h tng c chnh l li cng trnh ny l A Chc, xut x t tn ca mt ct A Chc - Ta Png c m t l stratotyp ca h tng (ng Trn Huyn, Lng Hng Hc 1980). Hoffet J. H. (1933) m t l evon ct kt, phin C Bi mu ru vang, khng c ho thch, phn b dc Sng B hay C Bi, Qung Tr v ty Hu. Hin khng c ti liu chng minh cc trm tch mu ru vang ny c tui evon, m hon ton c kh nng l trm tch Mesozoi nh nhn nh ca Bourret R. (1925). Nguyn Hu Hng et al. 1995 cn c vo ho thch Striispirifer do Zhou Zhiyi (Nam Kinh) xc nh v cho tui Silur mun evon sm coi Ht. A Chc thuc (tc ng ngha) Ht. i Giang tui Silur mun. Nhng v bn cht Ht. i Giang l trm tch bin hon ton khc Ht. A Chc l trm tch lc a mu nm trn Ht. i Giang.

The A Chc Fm. is used to be named as Tn Lm one, but this name was used sooner by Trn Th Ch Thun & H. Fontaine (1968) for a Devonian Limestone Formation in this area. Therefore the formation name is corrected in this work as A Chc Fm., derived from the A Chc - Ta Png section that was firstly described by ng Trn Huyn, Lng Hng Hc (1980) as the holostratotype of the formation. Hoffet J. H. (1933) described as Devonian the red (lie de vin) C Bi sandstone and shale, distributed along Sng B or C Bi River, Qung Tr province and West Hu. Up to now, there are no data for proving these red beds as Devonian, and it is very possible that they are of Mesozoic age, as proposed by Bourret R. (1925). Based on the brachiopod Striispirifer identified by Zhou Zhiyi (Nanjing, China), Nguyn Hu Hng et al. (1995) considered the A Chc Fm. as a part (or synonym) of the i Giang Fm. But i Giang Fm. is composed of sandstone and shale of marine facies, while the A Choc Formation -- red continental sediments lying on the i Giang Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 ____________________________ * Ly theo ngy np lu chiu

 A Lin (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi (?) Permian (?). 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk. 1984. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Tha Thin - Hu North Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu province. 4. Dc thung lng A Lin, t La Dt n A Le Thim Along A Lin river valley, from La Dt to A Le Thim; x = 16o17'; y = 107o11'. 5. Phn di: a) tuf anesit, 1 - 2m; b) sn kt cha cui xen bt kt, 19m; c) anesit, 28m; d) bt kt, 7m; e) anesit, tuf anesit, 39m; f) acit porphyr, 53m; g) anesit, 5 - 9m; h) bt kt xen cui kt tuf anesit, 48m; i) anesit, 64m. Phn trn: k) vi st, bt kt, 150m; l) sn kt tuf, 14m; m) ct kt a khong, 120m; n) ct kt, sn kt a khong, 53m; o) cui kt xen ct kt, 26m; p) bt kt, ct kt a khong xen ct kt tuf, 8m; q) sn kt cha cui, 8m; r) ct bt kt, 17m; s) cui kt tuf, 24m; t) ct kt, 21m. Lower part: a) andesitic tuff, 1 - 2m; b) pebblebearing gritstone, interbeds of siltstone 19m; c) andesite, 28m; d) siltstone, 7m; e) andesite,

andesitic tuff, 39m; f) porphyritic dacite, 53m; g) andesite, 5 - 9m; h) siltstone, interbeds of andesitic tuff conglomerate, 48m; i) andesite, 64m. Upper part: k) clayish limestone, siltstone, 150m; l) tuffaceous gritstone, 14m; m) polymictic sandstone, 120m; n) sandstone, polymictic gritstone, 53m; o) conglomerate, interbeds of sandstone, 26m; p) siltstone, polymictic sandstone, interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone, 8m; q) pebble - bearing gritstone, 8m; r) silty sandstone, 17m; s) tuffaceous conglomerate, 24m; t) sandstone, 21m. 6. 600 - 700 m. 7. Thc vt khng xc nh Indeterminable plant remains. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc trm tch Paleozoi h Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic formations. 9. Ngun ni la, lc a Volcanogenic, continental. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 12. 6/1998 A Ngo (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic.

2. ng Trn Huyn, Nguyn Ch Hng (trong V Khc, ng Trn Huyn, 1995). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr Province. 4. Ty bn A Pt n sui La Ht, ty Qung Tr West of A Pt Village to La Ht Stream, west of Qung Tr; x = 1628, y = 10659. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt cha cui, ct kt a khong cha cc thu knh vi st, 120 m; b) bt kt tm nu, 80 m; c) ct kt, sn kt, 70 m; d) bt kt a khong, phin st tm nht, lp kp vi st mu xm, 150 m; e) ct kt nu nht, 120 m; f) ct kt, bt kt, t phin st nu ; 80 m a) Conglomerate, pebble-bearing gritstone, polymictic sandstone with lenses of clayey limestone, 120 m; b) violet-brown siltstone, 80 m; c) sandstone, gritstone, 70 m; d) siltstone, violetish clay shale, interbeds of grey clayey limestone, 150 m; e) brownish sandstone, 120 m; f) sandstone, siltstone, some red-brownish clay shale; 80 m. 6. 300 - 620 m. 7. Langvophorus angoensis (a), Cardinia indochinensis (d), C. orientalis (d), C. aff. C. latitruncata (d), Hiatella arenicola (d). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi Unconformably covering Paleozoic sediments.

9. Lc a xen t bin ven b Continental, interbeds of littoral sediments. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 A Vng (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri - Orovic sm Cambrian - Early Ordovician. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1982 (trong Phm Kim Ngn v nnk. 1986). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Tr, Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr, Qung Nam provinces. 4. Dc thung lng A Vng - A Rc, ty Nng khong 50km Along A Vng - A Rc valley, about 50km west of Nng City; x = 160 01'; y = 1070 48'. 5. Phn di: phin sericit - thch anh, phin mica, phin sericit - clorit xen phin st, thu knh lc, ct kt dng quarzit, 600 - 700m. Phn gia: ct kt dng quarzit xen phin thch anh sericit - clorit, phin st, thu knh vi hoa ha, 1500m. Phn trn: phin sericit - thch anh, phin sericit - clorit, ct kt quarzit, thu knh hoa, i ni xen phin actinolit - zoisit - epiot,

800m. Lower part: sericite - quartz schist, micaceous schist, sericite - chlorite schist, interbeds of shale, greenstone lenses, quartzitic sandstone, 600 700m. Middle part: quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of quartz - sericite - chlorite schist, clay shale, marbleized limestone lenses, 1500m. Upper part: sericite - quartz schist, sericite - chlorite schist, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, marl lenses, locally, interbeds of actinolite - zoisite - epidote schist, 800m. 6. 700 - 4000 m. 8. H tng A Vng nm bt chnh hp trn granit tui Proterozoi ca phc h Chu Lai v b trm tch evon h mu ph bt chnh hp (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990) A Vng Fm. unconformably overlies Proterozoic granite of Chu Lai Complex and unconformably underlies lower Devonian Red Beds (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990) 9. Bin cht tng sericit v lc Sericite and greenschist facies of regional metamorphism. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998

 i Ngha (H tng, Formation) 1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1996 10. ng ngha ca Ht. ng Hi do s ng nht v mt ct v c sinh v a tng. Synonym of the ng Hi Fm. by the homogeneity of stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Aluvi c (Old Alluvia) 1. Pleistocen Pleistocene. 2. Saurin E., 1935 10. Hin c xp vo cc h tng khc nhau tui Pleistocen. Attributed at present to different formations of Pleistocene age. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 3/19998 Aluvi tr (Recent Alluvia) 1. Holocen.

Holocene. 2. Saurin E., 1935. 10. Hin c phn thnh nhiu phn v khc nhau tui Holocen tu theo ngun gc. Concerned sediments have been divided into different units of Holocene age according to their origins. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Amphipora ( vi, Limestone) 1. evon Devonian 2. Fontaine H. 1955. 10. ng ngha ca lot Bn Pp (mt phn) Invalid, synonym of Bn Pp Group (part.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 An Chu (ip, Suite) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1966. 10. Cc phn ca phn v ny l cc ng ngha ca cc h tng Mu Sn v Vn Lng. Ring cc

phin st en cha ho thch c An Chu (ph ip An Chu) cn c s nghin cu thm The subdivisions of this unit are synonym of Mu Sn and Vn Lng Formations. As for the fishbearing black clay shale at An Chu (An Chu Subsuite) it needs further study. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 An Chu (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia-mun, Anisi-Carni Middle-Late Triassic, Anisian-Carnian. 2. V Khc, 1980. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Khn Lng, N Khut v Mu Sn Including Khn Lng, N Khut and Mu Sn Fms. 10. Khng hp thc v dng mt tn gi ng ngha b loi b Invalid by reusing an eliminated synonym. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 An im (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori

Late Triassic, Norian. 2. V Khc, Ct Nguyn Hng, Nguyn Sn. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Lng An im i n ni Sn Gia From An im Village to Sn Gia Mt; x = 1553 , y = 10753. 5. a) Ct kt a khong nu tm nht, 600 m; b) ct kt, t bt kt nu , 110 m; c) sn kt cha cc ht dm, ct kt, 160 m a) Violetish-brown polymictic sandstone, 600 m; b) sandstone, a little chocolate siltstone, 110 m; c) gritstone bearing rock fragments, sandstone; 160 m. 6. 450 - 870 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi; nm chnh hp di h tng cha than Sn Gia tui Ret Unconformably covering Paleozoic sediments, conformably lying under Rhaetian coal-bearing Sn Gia Fm. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. L h tng di ca lot Nng Sn Being the lower formation of the Nng Sn Group.

11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Angaras (Lot, Group) 1. Carbon - Jura sm Carboniferous - Early Jurasssic. 2. Saurin E., 1932. 10. Khng hp thc; phn v bao gm mt khong a tng qu ln khng thch hp vi cc cng vic thc t Invalid; this unit includes a too large stratigraphic interval, so is not appropriate to practical work. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999. An Ph (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Hong Thi Sn. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, H Giang East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, H Giang provinces. 4. Gn lng An Ph, huyn Lc Yn, tnh Yn Bi ; x = 21o47, y = 105o00

An Ph area, Lc Yn district, Yn Bi province. 5. hoa, hoa olomit xen kp phin hai mica Marble, dolomitic marble, interbeds of two-mica schist.. 6. > 530 m. 8. Chnh hp trn tp phin ca h tng Thc B, ranh gii trn cha r Conformably lying upon schist of the Thc B Fm., the upper boundary unknown 9. Bin, bin cht tng phin lc v epiot, amphibolit Marine, greenschist, epidotic and amphibolitic facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng trn ca lot Sng Chy Being the upper formation of the Sng Chy Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998. Antracolit trung v thng - (Middle and Upper Anthracolitic) 1. Carbon - Permi Carboniferous - Permian. 2. Fromaget J. 1931.

10. Thut ng li thi, ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi J. Fromaget (1931, 1941, 1952) phn chia chi tit nh sau: - Moscovi thng, Urali: vi ng Vn, Kim H. - Urali h - Moscovi thng, vi Lng Xung vnh H Long v Bn Tc. - Urali thng - Permi h: vi Bnh Lng, Mc Chu. - Urali thng - Permi: vi Bc Sn. - Moscovi - Permi thng: vi Ty ng Hi v Lai Chu. Old term, synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. It was divided in detail by Fromaget J. (1931, 1941,1952) as follows: - Upper Moscovian, Uralian: limestone in ng Vn, Kim H massif. - Lower Uralian- Upper Moscovian, limestone in Lng Xung, H Long Bay, and Bn Tc. - Upper Uralian - Lower Permian: limestone in Bnh Lng, Mc Chu. - Upper Uralian - Permian: limestone in Bc Sn. - Moscovian - Upper Permian: limestone in West ng Hi and Lai Chu. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998.

B
Ba Hn - Lng Lch (Lot phin kt tinh, Group of crystalline schists) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. J.Glazek, O. Juscowiak, 1964. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sinh Quyn: T Vit Dng 1962 Synonym of Sinh Quyn Fm.: T Vit Dng 1962. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998. B Miu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. L c An v nnk., 1981.

3. ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh ng Nai, Bnh Dng, B Ra - Vng Tu East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai, Bnh Dng, B Ra - Vng Tu Provinces. 4. B Miu, Bin Ho. B sung cc l khoan 12 (Nh B) v 203 (Cu An H) B Miu village, Bin Ho City; x = 1052, y = 10655. Supplementary sections from the Hole No. 12 (Nh B) and No. 203 (An H bridge). 5. a) Ct kt a khong, 37-45m; b) ct kt a khong vi cc lp mng bt kt, 60-70m; c) ct kt, bt kt, st kt, 27-33m. a) Polymictic sandstone, 37-45m; b) polymictic sandstone and interbeds of siltstone, 60-70m; c) sandstone, siltstone, claystone, 27-33m. 6. 100 - 150 m. 7. Vt in l thuc phc h (Imprint of leaves from the assemblage) Calophyllum - Rhyzophora, bo t phn hoa (spores and pollens) (b); Vt in l thuc phc h (imprint of leaves from the assemblage) Callophylum - Dalbergia - Rhyzophora, Foraminifera, Mollusca (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Nh B (N2) Conformably overlying the Nh B Fm. (N2) 9. Sng-bin

Fluvio-marine. 10. Alluvions anciennes (mt phn): Saurin E., 1935; Fontaine H., Hong Th Thn, 1971 (ng ngha) (synonym). Old Alluvia (part): Saurin E., 1935; Fontaine H., Hong Th Thn, 1971 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999. B Thc (ip, Suite) 1. Cambri mun Late Cambrian. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Hm Rng: Jacob C. 1921 Synonym of Hm Rng Fm.: Jacob C. 1921. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998. Bch H (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen sm Early Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 3. Ty Nam B (IV), bn Cu Long West Nam B (IV), Cu Long basin 4. L khoan Cu Long I

Hole Cu Long I 5. a) Ct kt glauconit; b) st-bt kt, st than c ct kt xen. b) Glauconite-bearing sandstone; b) siltyclaystone, coaly shale with interbeds of sandstone. 6. 700 m. 7. Trng l Globoquadrina, Globorotalia (a); phc h BTPH Florschuetzia trilobata - Fl. levipoli (b) Foraminifers Globoquadrina, Globorotalia (a); sporo-pollenic assemblage of Florschuetzia trilobata - Fl. levipoli (b) 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Tr C Unconformably overlying the Tr C Fm. 9. Tam gic chu Deltaic 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh) 12. 9/1999. Bch Long V (H tng, Formation) 1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977. 3. Sng Hng (I.2); vnh Bc B, o Bch Long V Sng Hng zone (I.2); Bc B gulf, Bch Long V island.

4. o Bch Long V Bch Long V island; x = 2008, y = 10743. 5. a) Phn di: bt kt v st kt, trn xen ct kt, 450m; b) phn trn: 1- bt kt st kt v ct kt ht mn cha kt hch sierit, 40m; 2- ct kt arkos phn lp xin xen bt kt v st kt, 50m; 3- phin st xen cc lp mng ct kt ht mn v bt kt, 30-40m; 4- ct kt ht va v th xen bt kt v st kt, 20-25m; 5- st kt xen bt kt v silic hu c phn lp mng, 35m. a) Lower part: intercalation of claystone and siltstone, with sandstone in the top, 45m; b) Upper part: 1- claystone, siltstone, fine sandstone bearing siderite concretions, 40m; 2- cross-bedded arkosic sandstone with interbeds of claystone and siltstone, 50m; 3- clay shale with interbeds of fine sandstone and siltstone, 30-40m; 4- sandstone intercalated with claystone and siltstone, 20-25m; 5- siltstone, claystone and thin-bedded organic chert, 35m. 6. 200-240 m. 7. Phc h Bo t phn hoa vi Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Magnolia sp., Ulmus sp., Hamamelis sp., Myrtus sp., Ilex sp., Carya sp., Liquidambar sp.,, v.v... (a); vt in l ca cc phc h: Quercus lantenoisi - Castanopsis (b-1), Phragmites oeningensis (b-2), Quercus lantenoisi - Castanopsis (b-3), Phragmites oeningensis (b-5)

Sporo-pollenic assemblage with Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Magnolia sp., Ulmus sp., Hamamelis sp., Myrtus sp., Ilex sp., Carya sp., Liquidambar sp., etc. (a); imprints of leaves of the Quercus lantenoisi - Castanopsis assemblage (b-1), Phragmites oeningensis assemblage (b-2), Quercus lantenoisi - Castanopsis assemblage (b-3), Phragmites oeningensis assemblage (b-5). 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. ip Rinh Cha: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1977) (ng ngha) Rinh Cha Suite: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al., 1977) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1998 Bo Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1985 (ip - Suite) 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Di Linh (N) (Trnh Dnh, 1989) do ng nht v c im a tng v c sinh

Attributed at present to the Di Linh Fm. by the homogeneity of stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999. Bi ng (ip, Suite) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. V Khc, Trnh Th, 1980. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. C Ni: ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965 Synonym of C Ni Fm.: Dovzhikov A. et al, 1965. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Bi Chy (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1967 (tng silic Bi Chy - Bi Chy Cherty Beds). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh province. 4. o Bt (Khe Thm) - Quang Hanh, gn Cm Ph, Qung Ninh

o Bt - Quang Hanh, near Cm Ph Townlet; x = 21o02'; y = 107o13'. 5. a) Cui kt vi, dm kt vi, 50m; b) silic, vi silic, bt kt, phin st, 150m; c) vi, vi b olomit ha, 100m. a) Calcareous conglomerate, calcareous breccia, 50m; b) chert, siliceous limestone, siltstone, clay shale, 150m; c) limestone, dolomitic limestone, 100m. 6. 200 - 300m. 7. Nankinella sp. (c), Frondiculifera (sic) aff. elegantula (c). Gn Cm Ph (Near Cm Ph) (Nguyn Vn Lim 1985): Nankinella ex gr. inflata, Neoendothyra ex gr. eostaffelloidea. Hn Gai (At Hn Gai) (M. Colani 1919): Meekella cf. ufensis, Productus gratiosus, Martinopsis aff. orientalis, Pseudomonotis cf. garforthensis, Pseudophillipsia cf. acuminata. 1. Quan h a tng vi cc th nm trn v di khng quan st c, nhng c l h tng Bi Chy nm bt chnh hp trn vi Carbon - Permi Contacts with the older underlying and younger overlying formations are not exposed, but this Fm. may unconformably overlies Carboniferous Permian Limestone (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990).

9. Bin Marine. 10. Quarzit Hn Gai: Lantenois M. 1907 (khng hiu lc); tng Ph Lng: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (ng ngha); ip ng ng (part.): Nguyn Vn Lim, 1966 (ng ngha) Hongai Quartzite: Lantenois M. 1907 (invalid); Ph Lng Beds: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (synonym); ng ng Suite (part.): Nguyn Vn Lim, 1966 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Bn C (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm, Sinemur Early Jurassic, Sinemurian. 2. V Khc, 1983 (Hettang sm). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Dc sui Bn C, trn sn nam dy ni Bn C; x = 1546, y = 10757. Along the Bn C Stream, on the south side of the Bn C Range; 5. a) Sn kt, cui kt, 150 m; b) cui kt, sn kt cha cui, 70 m; c) sn kt, ct kt thch anh, 130

m; d) ct kt, t bt kt, 90 m; e) cui kt thch anh silic, 150 m; f) sn kt, ct kt, lp kp ct kt cha cui, 150 m a) Gritstone, conglomerate, 150 m; b) conglomerate, pebble-bearing gritstone, 70 m; c) gritstone, quartz sandstone, 130 m; d) sandstone, a little siltstone, 90 m; e) cherty quartz conglomerate, 150 m; f) gritstone, sandstone, interbeds of pebble-bearing sandstone, 150 m. 6. 740 - 1500 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Sn Gia tui Ret, chnh hp di Ht. Khe Rn (J1) Unconformably lying upon Rhaetian Sn Gia Fm., but conformably under Lower Jurassic Khe Rn Fm. 9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral. 10. Puing silic c cui thch anh: Bourret R. 1925 (ng ngha). Mt ct m t trn c bt i khi lng ct kt xen thu knh bt kt than cha ho thch thc vt v bo t phn hoa v t than thuc Ht. Nng Sn nm di (Bi Ph M v nnk, 1999). L h tng di ca lot Th Lm Cherty puddingstone bearing quartz pebbles: Bourret R. 1925 (synonym). Above-described section has been reduced the member of sandstone

with coaly siltstone bearing plant and palynological remains, which belong to the underlying Sn Gia Fm. (Bi Ph M et al, 1999). Being the lower formation of the Th Lm Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999. Bn Ci (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun - Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Deprat J. 1914 (Srie de Ban Cai); Nguyn Xun Bao 1970 (Ht. Bn Ci - Bn Ci Fm.). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Thanh Ha provinces. 4. Thng lu sng Mua, Vn Yn, Sn La Upper basin of Mua River, Vn Yn, Sn La province; x = 21o13'; y = 104o43'. 5. a) Bt kt, bt kt vi c than xen phin silic, vi, 50m; b) vi, 50m; c) phin silic xen vi, 30m; d) vi, vi st c silic, 250m; e) vi xen phin silic - vi, vi st, bt kt, 120m. a) Siltstone, carbonaceous calcareous siltstone, interbeds of siliceous shale, limestone, 50m; b)

limestone, 50m; c) siliceous shale, interbeds of limestone, 30m; d) limestone, siliceous clayish limestone, 250m; e) limestone, interbeds of calcaro - siliceous shale, clayish limestone and siltstone, 120m. 6. 500 - 700m. 7. Parathurammina (Salpingothurammina) crassitheca (a), Archaelagena sheshmae (a), Cribrosphaeroides ovalis (a), Eogeinitzina aff. rara (c), Nankinella aff. uralica (c), Tikhinella multiformis (c), Ancyrodella nodosa (c), Polygnathus normalis (c), Palmatolepis gigas (c), Uralinella cf. turkestanica (d), U. parva (d), Palmatolepis marginifera (d), P. glabra glabra (d), P. gracilis gracilis (d), Hildeodella brevis (d), Septaglomospiranella (S.) rauserae (e), Chernyshinella (Eochernyshinella) cf. triangula (e), Uralinella bicamerata (e), Septatournayella lebedevae (e), Glomospiranella latispiralis (e), Septaglomospiranella (S.) grozdilovae (e), Chernyshinella (C.) glomiformis (e), Tournayella (T.) beata (e), Endothyra cuneisepta (e), Parathurammina suleimanovi (e). 8. Chnh hp gia h tng Bn Pp v trm tch Carbon h Conformably lying between Bn Pp Fm. (Emsian - Givetian) and Lower Carboniferous Limestone.

9. Bin nc nng, ln trn chuyn sang trm tch nc su Marine, shallow- water passing upward to deepwater environment. 10. Srie de Bn Thc: Dussault L. 1929 (ng ngha); Ht. Nm Sp (part.): ovjikov A. E. et al. 1965 (khng hiu lc); Ht. Bn Tang (part.): ovjikov A. E. et al. 1965 (ng ngha); ip Tc Tt ( Ty Bc B): trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990 (ng ngha) Srie de Ban Thoc: Dussault L. 1929 (invalid); Nm Sp Formation (part.): Dovzhikov A. E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Bn Tang Fm. (part.): Dovzhikov A. E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Tc Tt Fm. (in West Bc B): in V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Bn C (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Yn Duyt: Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977 Junior synonym of Yn Duyt Fm.: Phan C Tin

et al. 1977. 11. Tng Duy Thanh. 12. 6/1999 Bn Cng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon trung, Givet - (evon mun, Frasni?) Middle Devonian, Givetian - (Late Devonian, Frasnian?). 2. Vasilevskaia E. D., Phm nh Long (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. H Lang (lot Bn Pp): Tng Duy Thanh 1993 Invalid. Synonym of the H Lang Fm. (Bn Pp Group): Tng Duy Thanh 1993. 11. Tng Duy Thanh. 12. 6/1998 Bn Dit (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi sm - gia Early - Middle Permian. 2. Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ha Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Ha Bnh provinces.

4. Dc sui nh t Mng Lang (Bn M) chy v sng Mua, ng nam Bn Dit 200m Along the stream running from Mng Lang (Bn M) to Mua river, 200m southeast of Bn Dit village; x = 21o15'; y = 104o44'. 5. a) phin st, 20m; b) phin xen ct kt, ct kt tuf, 30m; c) ct kt xen phin st, 300m; d) phun tro mafic, 10m; e) ct kt, ct kt vi, 50m; f) vi, 50m. a) Clay shale, 20m; b) clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, 30m; c) sandstone, clay shale interbeds, 300m; d) mafic effusive, 10m; e) sandstone, calcareous sandstone, 50m; f) limestone, 50m. 6. 350 - 460m. 7. Crinoidea (a) (tng ng tp a Xp Lp - at Xp Lp, equivalent to the member a: Productus, Euomphalus, Pseudomonotis, Phillipsia), Neoschwagerina cf. craticulifera (f), Verbeekina ex gr. verbeeki (f), Pachyphloia sp. (f), Bellerophon (f). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Mi v b Ht Sui Bng ph khng chnh hp, c kh nng Ht. Cm Thu cng ph chnh hp trn h tng ny Conformably overlying the Mi Fm. and unconformably underlying the Sui Bng Fm., possibly this Fm. conformably underlies also the

Cm Thu Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Tng Vn Yn: Nguyn Vn Lim 1968 (ng ngha); tng Bn Dic: Phan C Tin 1977 in Nguyn Vn Lim 1985 (ng ngha) Vn Yn Fm.: Nguyn Vn Lim 1968 (synonym); Bn Dic Fm.: Phan C Tin 1977 in Nguyn Vn Lim 1985 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn n (Lot, Group) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, T Hong Tinh, 1979 (ip, Suite); V Khc et al, 1983 (lot - Group). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.1); cc tnh Gia Lai, c Lc, Ph Yn, Khnh Ha, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng, ng Nai v Bnh Dng South Trung B and East Nam B (III.1); Gia Lai, c Lc, Ph Yn, Khnh Ha, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng, ng Nai and Bnh Dng provinces.

10. Bao gm cc phn v sau: 1) phn lot ray Linh (J1) - Ht. c Bng v Ht. c Krng; 2) phn lot La Ng (J2) - Ht. M v Ht. Sng Phan Including following units: 1) ray Linh Subgroup (J1) - c Bng and c Krng Fms; 2) La Ng Subgroup (J2) - M and Sng Phan Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Bn Ging (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm-gia, Emsi - Eifel Early-Middle Devonian, Emsian - Eifelian. 2. Trn Tnh v nnk. 1978 (trong Nguyn Vn Honh v nnk. 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh, Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Theo sui Ro Chan, on chy qua Bn Ging, vng Chc A, Hng Kh, H Tnh Along Ro Chan stream, in the section passing through Bn Ging village, Chc A area, Hng Kh district, H Tnh province; x = 18o04'; y = 105o42'. 5. a) Ct kt xen bt kt 190m; b) ct kt dng quarzit, 135m; c) ct kt, 240m; d) ct kt dng quarzit, 170m; e) ct bt kt, bt kt, phin st,

130m; f) ct bt kt, 55m. a) Sandstone, siltstone interbeds, 190m; b) quartzitic sandstone, 135m; c) sandstone, 240m; d) quartzitic sandstone, 170m; e) silty sandstone, siltstone, clay shale, 130m; f) silty sandstone, 55m. 6. 600 - 1100 m. 7. Calceola sandalina (a), Stropheodonta sp. (a), Howellella sp. (a), Salairocrinus sp. (b), Brachiopoda indet. (c, f), Leptatrypa sp. (d), Hexacrinites (?) humilicarinatus (d), Fistuliramus (d), Calceola sp. (d, f). Phn trn cng ca h tng Khe L (tng ng tp f) -- In the uppermost part, at Khe L stream (equivalent to the member f): Chonetes sp., Atrypa sp., Desquamatia cf. lanceoides, D. cf. kurbesekiana. 8. Chnh hp gia Ht. Ro Chan v Ht. Mc Bi Conformably lying between Ro Chan and Mc Bi Fms. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. La Trng: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (ng ngha) La Trng Fm.: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (junior synonym).

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Hang (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta khng phn chia Undifferentiated Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Cng Lng. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn v Yn Bi East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn and Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc theo sng K Cng, on gn Bn Hang Along the K Cng River, near the Bn Hang village; x = 2143; y = 10705. 5. a) Cui kt c s, sn kt, ct kt, 200 m; b) bt kt nu , ct kt, bt kt cha vi, 400 m a) Basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, 200 m; b) chocolate siltstone, sandstone, calcareous siltstone, 400 m. 6. 200 - 600 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn h tng H Ci tui Jura sm-gia Unconformably lying upon Lower-Middle Jurassic H Ci Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental.

11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Bn Ht (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Vn Chn Synonym of Vn Chn Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Bn Hom (Tng vi, Limestone Beds) 1. Gotlani Gothlandian. 2. Deprat J. 1914. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. B Hing: Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977) Synonym of B Hing Fm.: Nguyn Vnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1977). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Hom (Tng st vi, Marlaceous Beds) 1. Gotlandi

Gothlandian. 2. Deprat J. 1914. 11. Xem Ht. B Hing: Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977) See B Hing Fm.: Nguyn Vnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1977). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Ngun (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh, Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Lo Cai provinces. 4. Thng lu sng Mua, on trn Bn Ngun 1 2km Upper course of Mua river, 1 - 2 km west of Bn Ngun village; x = 21o14'; y = 104o45'. 5. a) Ct kt dng quarzit xen ct kt ln st, phin st, 120m; b) phin st, bt kt xen ct kt ln st v ct kt dng quarzit, 160m; c) ct kt dng quarzit, ct kt cha st xen phin st, 50m; d)

 phin st, bt kt vi, 50m. a) Quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of clayish sandstone, clay shale, 120m; b) clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of clayish sandstone and quartzitic sandstone, 160m; c) quartzitic sandstone, clayish sandstone, clay shale interbeds, 50m; d) clay shale, calcareous siltstone, 50m. 6. 200 - 800 m. 7. Calceola sp. (b, d), Euryspirifer tonkinensis (b, d), Dicoelostrophia cf. annamitica (b), Nervostrophia rzonsnickajae (b), Chonetes magnini (b), Posidonia sp. (b, c), Proetus sp. (b), Stropheodonta aff. pattei (b, d), Euryspirifer cf. tonkinensis, (c), Undispirifer sp. (d). 8. Chnh hp gia Ht. Sng Mua v Ht. Bn Pp Conformably lying between Sng Mua and Bn Pp Fms. 9. Bin. Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Pp (Lot, Group) 1. evon sm-gia, Emsi - Givet Early-Middle Devonian, Emsian - Givetian.

2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1970 (H tng - Formation). 3. ng Bc B (I.1): Hi Phng, Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn. Ty Bc B (I.3): tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho East Bc B (I.1): Hi Phng, Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn provinces. West Bc B (I.3): Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho provinces. 4. Dc ngn sng Mua, pha trn bn Ngun 3km Along the Mua river, 3km west of Bn Ngun village; x = 21o13; y = 104o44. 5. a) phin st, bt kt vi xen vi, vi st 190m; b) vi, vi st, 370m; c) vi xen vi ti kt tinh, 540m; d) vi xen vi st, 100m. a) Clay shale, calcareous siltstone, interbeds of limestone, marl, 190m; b) limestone, marl, 370m; c) limestone, interbeds of recrystallized limestone, 540m; d) limestone, interbeds of marl, 100m. 6. 700 - 1200 m. 7. Favosites karpinskyi (a), F. goldfussi (a), F. kolimaensis (a), F. stellaris (a), Squameofavosites alveosquamatus (a), Emmonsia yenlacensis (a), Pachyfavosites aff. cronigerus (a), Yacutiopora sp. (a), Amphipora sp. (b), Amphipora ramosa (c),

Stachyodes sp. (c), Paralellopora sp. (c), Cyclochaetetes sp. (c), Caliapora sp. (c), Scoliopora sp. (c), Crassialveolites cf. crassus (c), Solipetra cf. vietnamica (c), Grypophyllum ? cf. carinatum (c), Grypophyllum sp. (d), Macgea ex gr. multizonata (d), Desquamatia sp. (d), Stringocephalus sp. (d). ng Bc B (mt ct ng Vn) thuc phn thp nht ca h tng: Conodonta thuc i Nothoperbonus v Dacryoconarid thuc cc i barrandei v zlichovensis. In East Bc B (ng Vn section) from lowermost beds of the formation: Conodonts of Nothoperbonus zone and Dacryoconarids of barrandei and zlichovensis zones. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Bn Ngun Ty Bc B v Ht. Mia L g Bc B v b vi carbon h ph trn Conformably overlying the Bn Ngun Fm. in west Bc B and Mia L Fm. in East Bc B, and unconformably underlying C1 limestone. 9. Tng bin nng thm lc a; ng Vn (H Giang) tng bin su thm lc a Shallow- water shelf, in ng Vn (H Giang) area deep- water shelf. 10. Hon ton c kh nng tp a thuc phn cao ca h tng Bn Ngun.

ng Bc B (I.1): lot Bn Pp bao gm cc Ht. N Qun, H Lang, Trng Knh, Si Phai; Ty Bc B (I.3): lot gm vi Xm My (Emsi) v h tng" Bn Pp. Nhng phn v ng ngha: vi Amphipora: E. Saurin 1956; Ht. L Sn: Phm Vn Quang (trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986, V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk.. 1990); ip M Tm: Dussault 1929 ( vi), Nguyn Vnh trong Phan C Tin v nk.. 1977; Ht. Bn Cng: Vasilevskaia, Phm nh Long (trong ovjikov v nnk. 1965); Ht. Lng iu: Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. Member a belongs possibly to the upper part of the Bn Ngun Fm. In East Bc B (I.1): Bn Pp Group is composed of N Qun, Trng Knh, Si Phai Fms.; in West Bc B (I.3): of Xm My Limestone (Emsian) and Bn Pp Formation". Synonym units: Amphipora Limestone: E. Saurin 1956; L Sn Suite: Phm Vn Quang (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986, V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990); M Tm Suite: Dussault 1929 (Limestone), Nguyn Vnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1977); Bn Cng Fm: Vasilevskaia, Phm nh Long (in Dovzhikov et al. 1965); Lng iu Fm.: Phm Vn Quang et al. 1973. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 Bn Pp (Lin bc, Regional Superstage) 1. evon sm - gia, Emsi - Givet. Early - Middle Devonian, Emsian - Givetian. 1. Tng Duy Thanh 1993 (Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986: Lin tng -- superhorizon) 3. Bc B (I.1; I.2; I.3): cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng, Hi Dng Bc B (I.1; I.2; I.3): Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng and Hi Dng Provinces. 10. Phn v thi a tng khu vc hp nht cc h tng vi tui evon sm - gia, Emsi - Givet. Bao gm ba bc khu vc Pc Nm, Nm Tt v H Lang Regional chronostratigraphic unit unifying all the limestone formations of Early - Middle Devonian, Emsian - Givetian age and including three regional stages, namely Pc Nm, Nm Tt and H Lang. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Bn Rm (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Phm nh Long 1967 (ip - Suite). 10. ng ngha ca lot Sng Cu Invalid, synonym of Sng Cu Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Tang (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. ovjikov A. v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965). 10. Khng hp thc v mt ct chun ca h tng tm c ho thch evon, cn vi mt s vng phn b ca h tng c xp vo Ht. ng Giao (Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970) Invalid. In the stratotype of the formation Devonian fossils have been found; as for its limestone members, they have been attributed to the ng Giao Fm. (Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970). 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999

 Bn Thng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm? Early Devonian? 2. T Ho Phng, L Vn Giang 1998 3. ng Bc B (I.1), tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1), H Giang province. 4. Thung lng Tng Vi n bn Lung Kh, Qun B, H Giang; x = 230 04', y = 1040 54' From Tng Vi valley to Lung Kh village, Qun B district, H Giang province. 5. a) vi st mu xm xm, phn lp mng, 50m; b) vi mu xm, xm pht hng, thnh thong xen nhng lp vi st v vi silic, ni chung b ti kt tinh v olomit ho. a) Dark grey, thin-bedded clayish limestone, 50m; b) light grey, pinkish grey limestone, some interbeds of marl and cherty limestone; in common, limestone is recrytallized and dolomitized. 6. 600 - 800 m 7. Di tch sinh vt khng xc nh (undeterminable fossil remains) (a), Amphipora sp. indet. (b), ? Staurocephalites sp., ?Anisocephalites sp. (Scolecodonta) (b). 8. Quan h a tng ca Ht. Bn Thng vi cc c hn khng quan st c, n chuyn tip lin tc

ln Ht. Khao Lc The lower boundary of the Bn Thng Fm. is not clear, it conformably underlies the Khao Lc Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Thc (Srie) 1. evon mun - Carbon sm Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous. 2. L. Dussault 1929. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bn Ci: Deprat J. 1914; Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. Synonym of Bn Ci Fm.: Deprat J. 1914; Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Vn (ip, Suite) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. T Hong Tinh 1971. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Pia Phng: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977.

Synonym of Pia Phng Fm.: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bc Bun (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm, Lochkov - Praga sm Early Devonian, Lochkovian - Early Pragian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Bac-boun). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Cao Bng, Lng Sn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. ng t bn Si Ka i bn Mia L, huyn ng Vn, H Giang; x = 23o18'; y = 105o17' On the trail from Si Ka village to Mia L village, ng Vn district, H Giang province. 5. a) phin st, 130m; b) ct bt kt, ct kt, i ni ct kt arkos, 190m. a) Clay shale, 130m; b) silty sandstone, sandstone, locally arkosic sandstone, 190m. 6. 200 - 300 m. 7. Howittia (=Hysterolites) wangi (a), Paleostracodermi (a), Howittia sp. (a,b), Mytilarca (Plectomytilus) oviformis (b), Tongdzuylepis

vietnamensis (b) (Janvier Ph. & Ta Hoa Phuong 1999). 8. Chnh hp ga h tng Si Ka v Mia L Conformably lying between Si Ka and Mia L Fms 9. Bin ven b, vng triu Nearshore, tidal environment. 10. Deprat (1915) m t phn v ny di tn gi Srie de Bac-boun, vit ng l Bc Bun. ip Sng Cu (part.): Trn Vn Tr 1964 (ng ngha); tng Mia L (part.): Dng Xun Ho v nnk. 1968 (ng ngha); ip Bc Bun (part.): V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990 (ng ngha, loi tr phn di l ng ngha ca Ht. Si Ka). Vic nhp hai h tng Si Ka v Bc Bun thnh mt h tng mang tn Bc Bun l khng hp thc Deprat (1915) described this unit as Srie de Bac-boun, but the correct spelling name is Bc Bun. Sng Cu Suite (part.): Trn Vn Tr 1964 (synonym); Mia L Beds (part.): Dng Xun Ho et al. 1968 (synonym); Bc Bun Suite (part.): V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (synonym, excluding the lower part which corresponds to the Si Ka Fm.). The grouping Si Ka and Bc Bun Fms. into a formation named as Bc Bun does not correspond to the stratigraphic rules. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Bc Bun (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) 1. evon sm, Lochkov - Praga sm Early Devonian, Lochkovian - Early Pragian. 2. Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986 (Tng Unifying Horizon); Tng Duy Thanh 1993 (Bc khu vc Regional Stage). 3. ng v Ty Bc B (I.1; I.3); cc tnh H Giang, Cao Bng, Thi Nguyn, Hi Phng, Hi Dng, Lai Chu, Sn La, Yn By, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho (Bc). East and West Bc B (I.1; I. 3); H Giang, Cao Bng, Thi Nguyn, Hi Phng, Hi Dng, Lai Chu, Sn La, Yn By, Ho Bnh and Thanh Ho (Northern part) provinces. 5. Phn v thi a tng khu vc, hp nht cc Ht. Bc Bun, phn trn ca cc Ht. Nm Pa, Sng Cu, N Ngn v phn di ca Ht. Dng ng (?) Regional chronostratigraphic unit unifying Bc Bun Fm. and Upper parts of Nm Pa, Sng Cu, N Ngn Fms. and Lower part (?) of Dng ng Fm. 7. Phc h Howittia wangi Howittia wangi Assemblage. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Bo Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1985 (ip - suite) 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Di Linh tui Neogen khng phn chia (Trnh Dnh, trong: Phan C Tin v nnk. 1989) do ng nht v mt ct a tng v c sinh Attributed at present to the Di Linh Fm. by (N) based on the homogeneity of stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999. Bc M (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm (?) Early Devonian (?). 2. T Hong Tinh 1971 (tng). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Pia Phng: Nguyn Kinh Quc 1974 Synonym of Pia Phng Fm.: Nguyn Kinh Quc 1974 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Bc Sn (Tng vn ho, Cultural Horizon) 1. Holocen 2. Mansuy H. & Colani M. 1925 (Bacsonien) 3. Nhiu ni Vit Nam v cc nc ln cn Many places in Vit Nam and adjacent areas. 4. Cc hang ni vi huyn Bc Sn, tnh Lng Sn; x = 21o40, y = 106o10 Cave in limestone mountains of the Bc Sn District, Lng Sn Province. 5. Trm tch hang ng: bt st Cave deposits: clayish silt 6. 0,5-1,2 m. 7. Cng c bng cui gh o dng li ru, mnh gm, s ngi c, xng ng vt Implements of axe-head form, ceramic pieces, cranium of prehistoric man, animal bones. 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi Paleozoi Unconformably covering Paleozoic limestone. 9. Hang ng Cave 11. Phm Vn Hng 12. 12/1998

 Bc Sn = Mi (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon sm, Visei - Permi sm Early Carboniferous, Visean - Early Permian. 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1978 (lot Bc Sn, part.). 3. ng Bc B (I.1): Hi Phng, Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn; Ty Bc B (I.3): cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho; Bc Trung B (II.2): cc tnh Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh. East Bc B (I.1): Hi Phng, Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn provinces; Ty Bc B (I.3): Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho provinces; Bc Trung B (II.2): Ngh An, H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. o Na Phi - nh C, Thi Nguyn (V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990) Na Phi pass - nh C, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o46'; y = 106o05' (V Khc & Bi Ph M et al.) 1990. 5. a) vi silic, vi st, 20 - 25m; b) vi ti kt tinh, 50 - 100m; c) vi trng c, 40 - 70m; d) vi ht hi th, 200m; e) vi trng c, 250 400m; f) vi dng khi, 100m; g) vi hu c, 70 - 90m; h) vi dng khi, 150 - 200m; i) vi dng khi nhiu di tch hu c, 50m. a) Siliceous limestone, clayish limestone, 20 -

25m; b) recrystallized limestone, 50 - 100m; c) oolithic limestone, 40 - 70m; d) coarse-grained limestone, 200m; e) oolithic limestone, 250 400m; f) massive limestone, 100m; g) organic limestone, 70 - 90m; h) massive limestone, 150 200m; i) organic remains-bearing limestone, 50m. 6. 1000 - 1500 m. 7. Parathurammina suleimanovi (a), Archaesphaera minima (a), Eostaffella mosquensis (c), Mediocris mediocris (c), breviscula (d), Endothyranopsis sp. (c), Profusulinella parva (d), Pr. prisca (d), Pseudostaffella antiqua (d), Fusulinella bocki (e), Fusulina lanceolata (e), Schubertella obscura (e), Triticites sp. (f), Protriticites sp. (f), Schwagerina muongthensis (g), Quasifusulina longissima (g), Pseudofusulina rouxi (g), Neoschwagerina margaritae (i), N. craticulifera (i), Verbeekina verbeeki (i). H tng Bc Sn c chia thnh 13 sinh i Trng l. (The Bc Sn Formation has been divided into 13 Foraminifer biozones): 1) Uralodiscus - Glomodiscus; 2) Endothyranopsis Pseudoendothyra; 3) Millerella - Eoparastaffella; 4) Profusulinella; 5) Fusulinella - Fusulina; 6) Obsoletes - Protriticites; 7) Triticites - Daixina; 8) Schwagerina; 9) Robustoschwagerina; 10) Misellina; 11) Cancellina; 12) Neoschwagerina; 13)

Lepidolina - Yabeina. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Tc Tt, b ph khng chnh hp bi Ht. ng ng ng Bc B, v Ht. Cm Thu Ty Bc B, b ph chnh hp bi Ht. Bn Dit Ty Bc B Unconformably underlies the ng ng Fm. in East Bc B and Cm Thu Fm. in West Bc B, and conformably underlies the Bn Dit Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Tn Bc Sn c Mansuy v Colani (1925) s dng cho phn v a tng t (Holocen) v tr thnh rt quen thuc vi a tng khu vc v kho c th gii (Saurin 1956: Lexique stratigraphique international. Fasc. 6a. Indochine; T in Bch khoa Vit Nam. 1, 1995). Do khng th dng tn Bc Sn cho mt th a tng khc, tui Carbon - Permi, cng kh ph bin Vit Nam v ng Nam . Hn th na th a tng carbonat vn gi l h tng Bc Sn (Nguyn Vn Lim 1978) c m t l Ht. Mi t rt sm (xem Ht. Mi), nn Ht. Bc Sn cng phi coi l ng ngha ca Ht. Mi. ng ngha ca Ht. Mi c cc phn v sau y: vi cha Fusulina: H. Douvill 1906 (khng hiu lc); vi cha Productus: H. Mansuy 1908 (khng hiu lc); vi cha

Schwagerina princeps; vi cha Doliolina v Neoschwagerina; vi cha Sumatrina annae v Neoschwagerina globosa: M. Colani 1924 (khng hiu lc); vi cha Lepidolina multiseptata: J. Gubler 1935 (khng hiu lc); vi Quy t: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967 (ng ngha); tng Yn Khnh: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (ng ngha); tng n Sn: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (ng ngha); Ht. Sng Nan: L Hng 1984 (ng ngha); Ht. Hui Ren: L Hng 1984 (ng ngha); Ht. Lng K: Phm Vn Quang 1968 (in V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990) (ng ngha); Ht. Mng Lng: Nguyn Vn Honh v nnk. 1985 (ng ngha). Mansuy and Colani (1925) have given the Bc Sn name to a Quaternary unit (the Bacsonian Holocene), which is wellknown in the regional geological and international archaeological circles (Saurin 1956: Lexique stratigraphique international. Fasc. 6a. Indochine; Encyclopedia of Vit Nam. 1,1995). Therefore the Bc Sn Fm. of Carboniferous - Permian age is an invalid term. Moreover, the carbonate body of CarboniferousPermian age attributed to Bc Sn Fm. was described early as Mi Fm. (see Mi), so the term Bc Sn Fm. must be regarded as synonym of Mi Fm.

Junior synonym of the Mi Fm.: Fusulinabearing Limestone H. Douvill 1906 (invalid); Froductus-bearing Limestone: H. Mansuy 1908 (synonym); Limestone bearing Schwagerina princeps, Limestone bearing Doliolina and Neoschwagerina craticulifera, Limestone bearing Sumatrina annae and Neoschwagerina globosa: M. Colani 1924 (synonym); Limestone bearing Lepidolina multiseptata: J. Gubler 1935 (synonym); Quy t Limestone: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967; (synonym) Yn Khnh Fm.; Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (synonym); n Sn Fm.: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (synonym); Sng Nan Fm.: L Hng 1984 (synonym); Hui Ren Fm.: L Hng 1984 (synonym); Lng K Fm.: Phm Vn Quang 1968 (in V Khc and Bi Ph M et al. 1990) (synonym); Mng Lng Fm.: Nguyn Vn Honh et al. 1985 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Bc Thu (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm, Olenec Early Triassic, Olenekian. 2. V Khc, 1980. 3. ng Bc B (I.1), cc tnh Lng Sn v Bc Giang

East Bc B (I.1), Lng Sn and Bc Giang Provinces. 4. Ta luy ng st ti ga Bc Thu In the Bc Thu railways station; x = 2142; y = 10641. 5. a) St vi, vi st, 10-12m; b) bt kt vi, bt kt, ct kt, 100m; c) phin st, bt kt, ct kt, 25m; d) plagioryolit, albitophyr, 50 m a) Marl, clayish limestone, 10-12m; b) calcareous siltstone, sandstone, 100m; c) clay shale, siltstone, sandstone; 25 m; d) plagiorhyolite, albitophyre, 50 m. 6. 120 - 185 m. 7. Flemingites aff. F. flemingianus (a), Paranorites praestans (a), Meekoceras sp. (a), Owenites carinatus (a), Pseudowenites oxynotus (a), Neospathodus dieneri (a), N. waageni (a), Columbites cf. parisianus (c), Preflorianites sp. (c), Tirolites sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Lng Sn tui Ini, bt chnh hp di Ht. Khn Lng tui Anisi Conformably lying upon Induan Lng Sn Fm., unconformably under Anisian Khn Lng Fm. 9. Bin Marine.

10. H lp Meekoceras: Hoffet J. 1942 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot ng M Meekoceras Beds: Hoffet J. 1942 (synonym). Being the upper formation of the ng M Group. 11. V Khc 12. 6/1998 Bng Ca (H tng, Formation ) 1. evon mun, Frasni - Famen Late Devonian, Frasnian - Famennian 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Schistes en plaquettes de lEst de Ban Cra); on Nht Trng, T Ho Phng 1999 (Ht. Bng Ca -- Bng Ca Fm.). 3. ng Bc B (I.1), tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1), Cao Bng province. 4. Mt ct Bng Ca - Lng Thong, huyn Trng Khnh, Cao Bng Bng Ca - Lng Thong section, Trng Khnh district; x = 220 46', y = 1060 47'. 5. a) phin silic vi, 60 - 70m; b) phin st silic, 20 - 30m; c) phin silic xen mt s lp phin st, 40m; d) phin silic vi, 30m; e) phin silic vi nhim mangan mu xm en, phin silic vi xm vng, phn lp mng, cha kt hch st, 50m. a) Grey calcaro-cherty shale, 60 - 70m; b) cherty clay shale, 20 -30m; c) cherty shale, interbeds of

clay shale, 40m; d) calcaro-cherty shale, 30m; e) black grey manganiferous calcaro-cherty shale, yellowish grey, calcaro-cherty shale bearing iron concretions, 50m. 6. 200 - 220 m. 7. Howellella sp. (d), Camarotoechia sp. (d), Praewaagenoconcha sp. (d), Tentaculites, Brachiopoda bo tn xu - poorly preserved Tentaculites, Brachiopods (e). - Trong phin silic ca mt ct Bng Ca - From cherty shale of Bng Ca section: Homoctenus aff. kiliensis, Desquamatia cf. zonataeformis. - Ti mt ct Bng Ca - ct mc 46, tng ng vi tp c - (In the Bng Ca - border marker 46, from a layer corresponding to c): Palmatolepis cf. triangularis, Pa. subrecta, Pa. delicatula, Pa. perlobata, Nothognathella sp., Spathognathodus sp. 8. Chnh hp gia Ht. H Lang v Ht. Tc Tt Conformably lying between H Lang and Tc Tt Fms. 9. Bin Marine. 10. ip Bng Ca (phn trn): Phm nh Long 1973 (ng ngha); Dng Xun Ho et al. 1975 1980 (ng danh); ip hay Ht. Tc Tt: Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 (part.), V Khc & Bi Ph M

v nnk. 1990 (part.) (ng ngha). Bourret R. 1922 vit tn phn v l Ban Cra, c chnh l l Bng Ca. ip cng tn Bng Ca do Phm nh Long m t 1973 gm hai phn -phn di ng vi Ht. H Lang (xem H Lang) cn phn trn ng vi Ht. Bng Ca, theo khi nim ca Bourret R. 1922. Ho thch tui Givet do Phm nh Long (1973) nu trong m t ip Bng Ca u c pht hin trong nhng lp nhng ni khc nhng c i snh vi cc lp ca mt ct chun ca Ht. Bng Ca Bng Ca Suite (upper part.): Phm nh Long 1973 (synonym); Dng Xun Ho et al. 1975 1980 (homonym); Tc Tt Suite or Fm.: Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 (part.), V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (part.) (synonym). The formation name formerly wrong spelled as Ban Cra by Bourret R. 1922, was corrected as Bng Ca. The Bng Ca Suite, described by Phm nh Long 1973 is composed of two parts, the lower of them corresponds to H Lang Fm. (see H Lang), the upper one, as above described, is the Bng Ca Fm. according to the viewpoint of Bourret R. 1922. Givetian fossils cited in the description of the Bng Ca Fm. by Phm nh Long (1973) were found

from the other sections, which were correlated by him to the stratotype of the Bng Ca Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bn Kh (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri - Orovic sm Cambrian - Early Ordovician. 2. ovjikov A. E., Ivanov G.V., Nguyn Tng Tri (trong ovjikov v nnk. 1965). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ph Th West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Ph Th provinces. 4. Theo b sng , on t Bn Chanh (N Bn Kh 1km) n Bn Kha Along the bank of river, from Bn Chanh to Bn Kha (1km southeast of Bn Kh), Ha Bnh province; x = 20o58'; y = 104o55'. 5. a) Sn kt thch anh xen ct kt, 140m; b) phin st cha vi, phin st, 150m; c) vi, 150m; d) quarzit xen t bt kt, phin, 700m. a) Quartz gritstone, interbeds of sandstone, 140m; b) calcareous clay shale, clay shale, 150m; c) limestone, 150m; d) quartzite, interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 700m.

6. 1100 - 2200 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn gneis thuc Ht. Sui Ching (Pr1sc) v b Ht. Sinh Vinh (O3-S sv) ph bt chnh hp Unconformably overlies the Paleoproterozoic gneiss of Sui Ching Fm. (Pr1sc) and unconformably undernies the Sinh Vinh Fm. Late Ordovician - Silurian in age (O3-S sv) 10. Ht. Bn K: Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977 (ng ngha) Bn K Fm.: Phan C Tin et al. 1977 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Bin ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk. 1985. 3. Thm lc a pha Nam. Continental shelf of South Vit Nam. 4. L khoan 12-A-1X (600-1900m); b sung theo cc l khoan 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X, 04-A-1X, 04-B-1X, 28-A-1X, 29-A-1X.

Hole No. 12-A-1X (600-1900m), supplemented by materiald from holes No. 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X, 04-A1X, 04-B-1X, 28-A-1X, 29-A-1X 5. Ct kt (trng Cu Long), st kt (trng Nam Cn Sn) Sandstone (in Cu Long Depression), claystone (in Nam Cn Sn Depression) 6. 200 m. 7. Trng l thuc phc h Pseudorotalia Sphaeroidinella-Globogerinoides. Foraminiferas belonging to the foraminiferal assemblage Pseudorotalia - Sphaeroidinella Globogerinoides 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Nam Cn Sn (N12) Unconformably overlying the Nam Cn Sn Fm. (N12) 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Bnh Gia (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk, 1991

10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sng Hin: Bourret, 1922 Synonym of Sng Hin Fm.: Bourret, 1922. 11. V Khc 12. 11/1999. Bnh Liu (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Trn Thanh Tuyn, V Khc, Lu Ln, 1992. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh province. 4. Trn ng t Bnh Liu i Pa Chi Mai, k t sng Tin Yn tr i, v vng sng H Ci On the earth road from Bnh Liu to Pa Chi Mai, beginning from the Tin Yn river, and the H Ci River area; x = 2132; y = 10721. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt cha cui, 100-320 m; b) cui kt, ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, thu knh cui tng tuf, 220-340 m; c) tuf aglomerat, bt kt tuf, ct kt tuf, felsit v ryolit, 150-300 m; d) ct kt, ct kt tuf, bt kt, 120 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, pebble-bearing sandstone, 100-320 m; b) conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, lenses of tuffaceous agglomerate, 220-340 m; c) tuffaceous

agglomerate, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous sandstone, felsite and rhyolite, 150-300 m; d) sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, 120 m. 6. 600-1100 m. 7. Mytilus eduliformis praecursor (b), Equisetaceae (b), Euestheria hubeiensis (c), E. cf. dactylis (c), E. lepida (c), Bakevellia modiola (d), B. cf. goldfussi (d). 8. Ranh gii di kin to, pha trn nm chnh hp di h tng N Khut tui Trias gia Tectonic lower boundary, conformably underlying Middle Triassic N Khut Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, lc a xen bin Volcanogenic, continental mixed with marine. 10. Ryolit Trias: Patte 1927 (khng hp l) Triassic rhyolite: Patte 1927 (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Bnh Minh (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm Early Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain.

4. Th trn Ci Vn, huyn Bnh Minh, tnh Vnh Long. Ci Vn small Town, Bnh Minh District, Vnh Long Province; x = 1005, y = 10550. 5. a) Ct bt mu trng, 2,8m; b) ct xm tro ht mn, 13m; c) ct pht vng, ri rc c si, cui, 57,7m; d) bt mu xm pht vng, 0,8m. a) White silty sand, 2.8m; b) ashen-gray, finegrained sand, 13m; c) yellowish sand mixed with pebble, 57,7m; d) yellowish-gray silt, 0.8m. 6. 74-78 m. 7. Polypodiaceae gen. indet. (d), Poaceae gen. indet. (d), Eupborbiaceae gen. indet. (d) Fagaceae gen. indet.; Rhizophora sp. (d). 8. Bt chnh hp trn Ht. Nm Cn tui Pliocen mun, chnh hp di Ht. M Tho Unconformably lying upon Pliocene Nm Cn Fm., conformably underlying M Tho Fm. 9. Sng Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Bnh Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia

Early - Middle Jurassic. 2. Bi Ph M, Thn c Duyn v nnk, 1999 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Ngi Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi Province. 4. Gn ga ng st Bnh Sn Near the Bnh Sn railways station; x = 1516, y = 10843. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt phn lp xin, 28 m; b) ct kt, bt kt v st kt nu , 204 m; c) ct kt xm lc nht, 17 m; d) bt kt nu , lp kp ct kt, 47 m; e) cui kt, sn kt, lp kp bt kt, 20 m; f) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp st kt xm en, 31 m; g) ct kt ht mn, 2-10 m; g) bt kt nu , 60 m. a) Conglomerate, gritstone, cross-bedded sandstone, 28 m; b) sandstone, chocolate siltstone and claystone, 204 m; c) greenish-grey sandstone, 17 m; d) chocolate siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 47 m; e) conglomerate, gritstone, interbeds of siltstone, 20 m; f) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of black-grey claystone, 31 m; g) finegrained sandstone, 2-10 m; h) chocolate siltstone, 60 m. 6. 415 m. 7. Equisetites vukhuci (f), E. sp. (f), g silic ho cha xc nh c - indetermined silicified wood (h)

8. Khng chnh hp trn bin cht c Unconformably lying upon old metamorphic rocks. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. ip Bn n: Nguyn Xun Bao (trong Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk 1988) (ng ngha; y l mt mt ct thun lc a mu , khng th m t l lot Bn n) Bn n Suite: Nguyn Xun Bao (in Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao et al 1988) (synonym; this is a pure red continental sequence, which cannot be described as Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Bnh Trng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Ma Cng C v H Quang Hi (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1996) 3. ng Nam B (III.2); ch c pht hin qua l khoan East Nam B (III.2); only in boreholes. 4. L khoan 820 (108-127.40m) x Bnh Trng, Th c, Tp H Ch Minh

Hole N0820 (108-127,4m) at Bnh Trng Commune, Th c District, H Ch Minh City; x = 1047, y = 10646. 5. a) Sn si thch anh, st bt kt, 3,8m; b) ct bt kt, 0,5m; c) st bt kt, 8m a) Quartz gravelstone, silty claystone, 3,8m; b) silty sandstone, 0,5m; c) silty claystone, 8m. 6. >20 m. 7. Microlepia sp., Schizaaceae gen. indet., Aneimia sp., Ginkgo sp, Picea sp., Tsuga sp., Larix sp., Juglans sp. (c). 8. Khng r quan h di Lower boundary unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 B Hing (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun Late Silurian. 2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ph Th West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ph Th

provinces. 4. Mt ct B Tao - B Hing - Tin Ban (b sng ), vng B Hing, Sn La B Tao - B Hing - Tin Ban section (on the river bank), B Hing area Sn La province; x = 20o53'; y = 104o56'. 5. a) Ct kt cha vi phn y (dy 20 - 30m), phin vi xen vi ln st, 150m; b) vi xen kp st vi, vi sc di, 350m. a) Calcareous sandstone at the base (20 - 30m thick), calcareous shale, interbeds of clayish limestone, 150m; b) limestone, interbeds of marl and stripped limestone, 350m. 6. 500 - 900 m. 7. Squameofavosites sp. (a), Tryplasma ex gr. karcevae (a), Retziella weberi (a), Lissastrypa sp. (a), Favosites kunjakensis (b), Squameofavosites ex gr. cechicus (b), Tadschikia xuanbaoi (b). 8. Chnh hp (?) gia Ht. Sinh Vinh (O3-S) v Ht. Sng Mua (D1) Conformably (?) lying between Sinh Vinh Fmss (O3-S) and Sng Mua Fms. (D1). 10. Tng st vi Bn Hom v tng vi Bn Hom: Deprat J. 1914 (ng ngha) Ban Hom marlaceous beds and Ban Hom limestone beds: Deprat J. 1914 (synonym).

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 B Mi (Tp, Member)
1.

evon sm Early Devonian

2. L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng 1996 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.2); H Giang province. 4. Vng Yn Minh, tnh H Giang Yn Minh area, H Giang Province. 5. a) vi, vi silic xen st vi, mu xm sm, phn lp trung bnh v dy, 120m; b) vi, olomit, vi st mu xm sng, xm sm, phn lp trung bnh v dy, 300m a) Light gray, middle to thick bedded limestone, siliceous limestone, and interbeds of marl, 120m; b) light gray, dark gray, middle to thick bedded limestone, dolomite, and clayish limestone, 300m. 6. 420 m. 7. Amphipora sp. indet. (b) 8. Chnh hp trn h tng Mia L v di tp N on Conformably overlies the Mia L Fm. and underlies the N on Member.

9. Bin Marine. 10. L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng (1999) chia Ht. N Qun thnh hai tp: B Mi v N on ng vi phn di v phn trn ca Ht. N Qun. Tuy vy, s khc nhau v thnh phn thch hc ca hai tp ny t ra khng r nt nn kh phn bit L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng (1999) divided the N Qun into two Members B Mi and N on corresponding respectively to lower and upper part of this formation. However, lithologically these two members are not clearly distinguished one from another, and they are recognized with difficulty. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. Bng Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri mun Late Cambrian 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Srie de Bong-Son, Lower Devonian, Emsian) 3. ng Bc B (I.1), tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.2) Cao Bng province. 4. Nam Bn Gic, dc theo ng Bn Gic i Bng Ca, huyn Trng Khnh

South of Bn Gic Village, along the road from Bn Gic to Bng Ca, Trng Khnh district; 220 50', y = 1060 44'. 5. Bourret R. 1922: a) phin mu en hoc xanh xm; b) ct kt mica, thu knh mng phin vi, 500m. Phn ny chim khi lng ch yu ca Srie de Bong-Son"; tip ln trn l i mng khng c th ca ct kt ht th, puing, dm kt, quarzit, lp mng vi; ct kt v phin mu ru vang c vt xanh, v cui cng l phin st cha Spirifer speciosus (= Euryspirifer tonkinensis) (Bourret R.1922) Phm nh Long, trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990: a) Ct kt thch anh xen phin st carbonat, 35m; b) phin thch anh carbonat, 110m; c) ct kt thch anh ht th cha cc vy mica trng, 30m; d) phin st carbonat, 110m; e) ct kt thch anh felspat xen cc lp mng phin st, 80m; g) phin st mu xm, vng lc dng sc phn di, 150m; h) ct kt thch anh dng quarzit, xen cc lp mng phin st, 15m; i) phin st, phin st carbonat, 70m; k) bt kt, ct kt ht nh xen lp mng phin st mu lc, 50m; l) phin st carbonat, i khi phin st sericit, thu knh vi xen k, 240m; (Phm nh Long, trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990)

Bourret R. 1922: a) Black or green-grey clay shale; b) micaceous sandstone, thin lenses of calcareous shale; 500m. These sediments constitute the main content of the Srie de Bong - Son, which grades upward to discontinuous zone of coarse sandstone, puddingstone, breccia, quartzite, thin interbeds of limestone, and finally, Spirifer specious - bearing (= Euryspirifer tonkinensis) clay shale (Bourret R. 1922). Phm nh Long, in V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990: a) Quartz sandstone, interbeds of carbonate shale, 35m; b) quartz carbonate shale, 110m; c) muscovite-bearing coarse quartz sandstone, 30m; d) carbonate shale, 110m; e) green - grey feldsparquartz sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 80m; g) clay shale, stripped in lower part, 150m; h) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 15m; i) clay shale and carbonate shale, 70m; k) siltstone, fine sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 50m; l) carbonate shale, sericite shale sometimes, interbedded with limestone lenses, 240m; (Phm nh Long, in V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 6. 800 - 900 m. 7. Charchaqia sp. (d, l); Lotagnostus sp. (l); Hedinaspis regalis (l), Hedinaspis sp. (l), Paraolenus (?) bongsonensis (l), Haniwa sp. (l).

8. Quan h di khng r, bt chnh hp trn Ht. Bng Sn l trm tch evon h thuc lot Sng Cu Contact with the older underlying strata was unknown, unconformably underlies the Sng Cu Group (Lower Devonian). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Theo tnh cht thch a tng, hai Ht. Bng Sn v Thn Sa l ng ngha, v Ht. Bng Sn c m t trc. Tuy nhin, trong m t ca Bourret R. th Srie de Bong-Son" bao gm c mt khi lng nh cc trm tch evon h (lot Sng Cu). Do , c l tnh hiu lc v s u tin khng thuc Ht. Bng Sn v n tr thnh ng ngha ca Ht. Thn Sa. Lithostratigraphically, the Thn Sa Fm. is a junior synonym of the Bng Sn one. However, it seems that the Srie de Bong-Son" (Bourret R. 1922) includes some layers belonging to the Sng Cu Group (Lower Devonian). Thus, possibly the Bng Sn Fm. term has not the priority, and the Bng Sn Fm. becomes a synonym of Thn Sa Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 B Khng (H tng, Formation)

1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. L Duy Bch, Phan Trng Th, 1970 (Lot Group); Phan Trng Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977 H tng - Formation). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An Province. 4. Sn ty nam dy ni B Khng Southwest flank of the B Khng Range; x = 19025, y = 10505. 5. a) Plagiogneis biotit, > 2000 m; b) phin hai mica - granat - silimanit, > 1500 m; c) phin mica - silimanit, quarzit, thu knh hoa, > 600 m; d) phin mica - granat - isthen, > 700 m; e) phin mica xen quarzit, >1500 m. a) Biotite plagiogneiss, > 2000m; b) two-mica garnet - sillimanite schist, > 1500 m; c) mica sillimanite schist, quarzite, marble lenses, > 600 m; d) mica - garnet - disthene schist, > 700 m; e) micaschist, quarzite, > 1500 m. 6. > 6,000 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, b ph bi trm tch Carbon h The lower boundary unknown, unconformably covered by Lower Carboniferous formation.

9. Bin, lc nguyn. Bin cht phn i t i biotit n i silimanit- isthen Terrigenous. Metamorphism zonated from biotite zone to sillimanite-disthene zone. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998. Bu Long (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1995). 10. Hin c xp vo phn c s ca Ht. Chu Thi Attributed at present to the basal part of Chu Thi Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999

C.
Ca T (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun Late Jurasssic. 2. Belousov A. v nnk, 1984.

10. ng ngha ca Ht. o Bo Lc Synonym of o Bo Lc Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 C Mau (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. p Ci Tc, x Rch Gii, Chu Thnh, Kin Giang; x = 955, y = 10543 Ci Tc village, Rch Gii Commune, Chu Thnh District, Kin Giang Province. 5. a) Ct, sn ln cui, 19.4m; b) bt, 1m; c) sn, ct, cui thch anh, 10m; d) ct thch anh, phn trn mu nu , 5.5m; e) ct thch anh mu xm, 4.9m; f) ct ht mn pha bt, cha vn thc vt, 5m; g) ct ht va, ht nh, 482 m; h) st pha t bt xm, 4.9m. a) Sand, grit containing pebble, 19.4m; b) silt, 1m; c) quartz grit, sand, pebble, 10m; d) quartz sand, chocolate in the upper part, 5.5m; e) gray quartz sand, 4.9m; f) fine sand mixed with silt bearing

plant debris, 5m; g) fine- to medium-grained sand, 48,2 m; h) clay mixed with gray silt, 4.9m. 6. 97.9 m 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Nm Cn tui Pliocen mun, chnh hp (?) di Ht. Long Ton Unconformably overlying the upper Pliocene Nm Cn Fm., conformably (?) underlying the Long Ton Fm. 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Ci i (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Zeiller R., 1903. 10. Hin c xp vo Ht. Hn Gai Attributed at present to the Hn Gai Fm . 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Caleon (Vt liu, Materials) 1. Cambri - Ordovic Cambrian - Ordovician

2. Fromaget J. 1934. 10. Tn li thi. Hin nay c xp vo cc Ht.: Nm C? inh v Cam ng Old term. Attributed at present to the Nm C?, inh and Cam ng Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Cam ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri sm Early Cambrian. 2. ovjikov A.E., Nguyn Tng Tri (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk.) 1965 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Lo Cai province. 4. Vng m Cam ng, Lo Cai At Cam ng mine, Lo Cai Province; x = 22o23'; y = 103o50'. 5. a) phin biotit xen cc lp si kt, cui kt, quarzit, 15 - 40m; b) phin cha vt liu than xen ct kt hoc phin thch anh - mica, 140 200m; c) phin thch anh c carbonat, phin actinolit xen hoa olomit, quarzit hoc ct kt dng quarzit, 100 - 150m; d) phin carbonat mica - thch anh, phin thch anh - biotit -

actinolit cha than, phin carbonat - mica - thch anh - apatit, 80 - 100m; e) tp cha qung: phin apatit - carbonat, 12,5 - 40m; f) phin carbonat thch anh - apatit, 30 - 50m; g) phin xen ct kt bin cht cha carbonat v xen phyllit, phin thch anh - felspat, 10 - 70m; h) ct kt xen phyllit, phin mica - thch anh, phin biotit - thch anh xen ct kt thch anh - felspat v thu knh vi, 100 - 150m. a) Biotite schist, interbeds of gravelstone, conglomerate, quartzite, 15 - 40m; b) carbonaceous shale, interbeds of sandstone or quartz - mica schist, 140 - 200m; c) carbonate quartz schist, actinolite schist, interbeds of dolomitic marble, quartzite or quartzitic sandstone, 100 - 150m; d) carbonate micaceous - quartz schist, carbonaceous quartz biotite - actinolite schist, carbonate - mica - quartz apatite schist, 80 - 100m; e) ore - bearing member: apatite - carbonate schist, 12,5 - 40m; f) carbonate quartz - apatite schist, 30 - 50m; g) schist, interbeds of carbonate sandstone and phyllite, quartz feldspar - carbonate schist, quartz - feldspar sandstone, 10 - 70m; h) sandstone, interbeds of phyllite, mica - quartz schist, biotite - quartz schist and quartz - feldspar sandstone, limestone lenses, 100 - 150m. 6. 600 - 800 m.

7. Spores (c, e), ?Archaeocyathida (h), Medularites lineolatus (h). Acritarchs: Gleocapsomorpha macrocysta, Favosphaeridium favosum, Protosphaeridium minimum, Kildinella sp., Oscillatorites sp., Orygmatosphaeridium sp. (Trn Hu Dn in Phm Kim Ngn, Lng Hng Hc 1996). 8. Bt chnh hp trn Ht. Sa Pa Unconformably overlies the Sa Pa Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Phn trn Srie Cc San: Jacob Ch. 1921 (ng ngha); Vt liu Caleon vng M Cc, Cam ng: Fromaget J. 1934 (khng hp l); Trm tch phosphorit m Cam ng: Fromaget J. 1941 (ng ngha). Upper part of Cc San Sries: Jacob Ch. 1921(synonym); Caledonian materials in M Cc, Cam ng area: Fromaget J. 1934 (invalid); Phosphorite sediments of Cam ng mine: Fromaget J. 1941 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Cam L (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun

Late Permian. 2. Nguyn Xun Dng (trong Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 1988). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr province. 4. Cam L - Khe M Hai, huyn Cam L Cam L Townlet - M Hai stream, Cam L district; x = 16o47'; y = 106o58'. 5. a) phin st than, phin st xen ct kt, bt kt, 140m; b) phin st vi, thu knh mng vi xen kp phin st, 60m a) Coaly shale, clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, 140m; b) marlaceous shale, thin limestone lenses, interbeds of clay shale, 60m. 6. 200 m. 7. Plant remains (a), Leptodus nobilis (b), L. tenuis (b), Chonetes substrophomenoides (b), Pseudophillipsia sp. (b), Dictyoclostus graciosus (b). 8. Dng nh nm bt chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi h, trong mt ct Cam L - M Hai khng quan st c trm tch tr hn Cam L Fm. appears to overlie unconformably Lower Paleozoic deposits, younger rocks are unknown in the Cam L Townlet - M Hai stream

section (V Khc, Bi Ph M 1990) 9. lc a Subcontinental. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Cam Ranh (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen sm - gia Early - Middle Holocene. 2. L c An v nnk, 1976 (Ct trng Cam Ranh, Pleistocen mun - Cam Ranh white sand, Late Pleistocene). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Khnh Ho South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Khnh Ho Province. 4. Vng xung quanh th trn Cam Ranh Neighbourhood of Cam Ranh Townlet; x = 1155, y = 10913. 5. Ct thch anh trng White quartz sand. 6. 3-6 m. 8. Khng r Unknown.

9. Bin - gi Marine - eolian. 10. Ht. Nam : Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1995 (ng ngha) Nam Fm.: Nguyn Vn Trang et al, 1995 (synonym). 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Cao Bng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen gia Middle Miocene 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng v Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng and Lng Sn provinces. 4. Ty bc v ty nam th x Cao Bng Northwest and southwest of Cao Bng Town; x = 2239, y = 10615. 5. a) Cui kt, 180m; b) ct kt ht mn vi cc thu knh hay lp mng sn kt v ct kt ht va phn lp xin phn di, 150-290m; c) sn kt xen cc lp mng ct kt ht va v ht th phn lp xin, 50-150m.

a) Conglomerate, 180m; b) fine sandstone with lenses or interbeds of gritstone and cross-bedded medium-grained sandstone (in the lower part), 150-290m; c) gritstone intercalated with thin beds of medium- and coarse-grained cross- bedded sandstone, 50-150m. 6. 400-620 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Hin (T1) v chnh hp di Ht. Na Dng (N13) Unconformably upon the Sng Hin Fm. (T1) and conformably under the Na Dng Fm (N13). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. tam (mt phn): Kitovani S.K., 1964 (ng ngha); Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk., 1965 (ng ngha); Miocen (mt phn): Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977) (ng ngha); Ht. Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk., 1989) (ng ngha) Tertiary (part.): Kitovani S.K., 1964 (synonym); Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (synonym); Miocene (part.): Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (synonym); Na Dng Fm. (part.), Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al.

1989; in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al., 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1998 Cao Qung (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, famen - Carbon sm Late Devonian, Famennian - Early Carboniferous. 2. Phm Huy Thng, T Ho Phng, Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh and Ngh An provinces. 5. vi mu xm tro, xm en dng mu (gi cui), phin st Ash gray, dark gray, nodular limestone, and siliceous shale. 6. 50 -150m. 7. Conodonta: P. gracilis sigmoidalis, P. rugosa postera (in lower part), Paragnathodus commutatus (in upper part). Foraminifera: Endothyra sp., Brunsia irregularis. 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht. Xm Nha v di Ht. La Kh

Conformably (?) overlies the Xm Nha Fm., and underlies the La Kh Fm.. 9. Bin su, thm lc a Marine. Deep-water shelf. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. Cao Vinh (ip, Suite) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. T Hong Tinh 1971. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Pia Phng (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977 Synonym of Pia Phng Fm. (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ct B (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon sm Early Carboniferous. 2. Nguyn Cng Lng (trong Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1988). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); thnh ph Hi Phng, tnh Qung Ninh

East Bc B (I.1); Hi Phng City and Qung Ninh province. 4. o Ct B, t Ti Lai i Chn Chu, Hi Phng; x = 200 47', y = 1070 01' Ct B Island, from Ti Lai to Chn Chu areas, Hi Phng. 5. a) vi dng khi mu en, xm sng, i ni ti kt tinh, 150m; b) vi silic xm en phn lp mng, xen nhng lp silic mu en, 200m; c) vi, st vi mu en, xen ct kt, 250m. a) Dark grey, light grey massive limestone, locally recrystallized, 150m; b) dark grey, thinbedded limestone, interbeds of black chert, 200m; c) dark grey limestone, marl, interbeds of sandstone, 250m. 6. 600 m. 7. Parathurammina suleimanovi (a), Dainella amenta (c), Eostafella mosquensis (c). 8. Dng nh nm chnh hp gia vi evon thng (Famen) v Ht. Mi (Bc Sn) Ct B Fm. appears to lie conformably between the Upper Devonian (Famennian) limestone and Mi (Bc Sn) Fm.. 9. Bin Marine.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ct ng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian. 2. Nguyn Quang Trung, Nguyn Ph Vnh (trong Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh, Ngh An provinces. 4. Thn Ct ng, vng Quy t, Minh Ha, Qung Bnh Ct ng village, Quy t area, Minh Ha district, Qung Bnh province; x = 17o45'; y = 105o52'. 5. a) vi phn di, 100m; b) bt kt cha mangan, 100m; c) vi vn , phn di, vi loang l, 200m. a) Stripped limestone, 100m; b) manganese bearing siltstone, 100m; c) variegated limestone, stripped limestone, 200m. 6. 250 - 500 m. 7. Palmatolepis glabra glabra (a, c), P. minuta minuta

(a), Hindeodella cf. urca (a), Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa marginifera (c), Hindeodella germana (c), Spathognathodus inornatus (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Nm Cn v Ht. ng Th, dng nh chnh hp di vi Ht. La Kh Conformably overlies Nm Cn and ng Th Fms. and appears to underlie conformably the La Kh Fm. (Lower Carboniferous) 9. Bin su Marine deep-water. 10. vi Nong Da: Nguyn c Khoa (trong V Khc v nnk, 1984) (ng ngha) Nong Da Limestone: Nguyn c Khoa (in V Khc et al. 1984) (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ct ng (Lot, Group) 1. evon mun, Frasni - Carbon sm Late Devonian, Frasnian - Early Carboniferous. 2. Phm Huy Thng, T Ho Phng, Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng 1999. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh, Ngh An

provinces. 5. Gm 3 h tng: Ngc Lm (D3fr nl), Xm Nha (D3 xn), Cao Qung (D3fm - C1 cq) (xem cc mc ny) Composed of three formations (see these items), namely Ngc Lm (D3fr nl), Xm Nha (D3 xn), and Cao Qung (D3fm - C1 cq). 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. Ct kt thng (Upper Sandstone) 1. Trias mun, Ret - Jura sm Late Triassic, Rhaetian - Early Jurassic. 2. Jacob C. & Dussault L., 1922. 10. ng Bc B, mt phn ca phn v ny c xp vo Ht. Vn Lng, mt phn vo Ht. H Ci; Bc Trung B, mt phn c xp vo Ht. ng , mt phn vo Ht. Ni Xc In East Bc B, a part of this unit has been attributed to the Vn Lng Fm., a part - to the H Ci Fm.; in North Trung B, a part - to the ng Fm., a part - to the Ni Xc Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Ct kt cha Hoernesia socialis (Hoernesia socialis Sandstone)

1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Patte E., 1927. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Tn Lc, tng ng phn trn ca Ht. C Ni Synonym of Tn Lc Fm., equivalent to the upper part of C Ni Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Cau (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen Oligocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 3. Ty Nam B (IV); Trng Nam Cn Sn West Nam B (IV); Nam Cn Sn basin. 4. L khoan Da - 1X, b sung theo l khoan 12-B1X (trn thm lc a) Hole Da - 1X, supplemented by data from the hole No 12-B-1X (on the continental shelf). 5. Ct kt, bt kt v st kt. Sandstone, siltstone and claystone. 6. 700-800 m. 7. Florschuetzia trilobata, Alnipollenites verrus,

Piceapollenites, etc. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to c hn Unconformably overlying the older formations. 9. H, ven bin Lacustrine - littoral 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Cm Thy (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. inh Minh Mng v nnk. 1976 (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Thanh Ha, Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Thanh Ha, Sn La provinces. 4. T th trn Cm Thy i Thch Yn, bt u t bn ph Cm Thy, Thanh Ha. From Cm Thy townlet to Thch Yn village, starting from Cm Thy ferry, Thanh Ha province; x = 200 15', y = 1050 30'. 5. a) Porphyrit bazan, i ni gp dm kt, cui kt vi, thu knh vi, 300m; b) tuf, ct kt tuf, 30m; c) porphyrit bazan (SiO2 = 42.04 - 6984; Na2O + H2O = 0.87 - 10.2), 50m; d) tuf phn phin xen t tuf dm kt, 30m; e) phun tro baz xen t tuf, 30 - 50m.

a) Basalt porphyrite, locally breccia, calcareous conglomerate, limestone lenses, 300m; b) tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, 30m; c) basalt, porphyrite (SiO2 = 42.04 - 6984; Na2O + K2O = 0.87 - 10.2) 50m; d) schistose tuff, interbeds of tuffaceous breccia, 30m; e) mafic effusive, tuff interbeds, 30 50m. 6. 450 - 1000m - ? 2000 m. 7. Pachyphloia sp. (a), Staffella sp. (a), Geinitzina sp. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi Ht. Mi (Bc Sn) v cc c hn ca Paleozoi, nm chnh hp (?) trn n l Ht. Yn Duyt (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990) Unconformably overlies limestone of the Mi (Bc Sn) Fm. and older rocks of Paleozoic, and conformably (?) underlies the Yn Duyt Fm. (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Cn Th (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. L c An v nnk., 1981 (Neogen) 3. Ty Nam B (IV), ng bng sng Cu Long

West Nam B (IV), Cu Long River plain. 4. L khoan LK.8 (Cn Th) b sung LK.3 (Mc Ho), LK.3 (Long Ton), LK.210 (Vnh Long) Hole LK.8 (Cn Th), supplementary section at LK.3 (Mc Ho), LK.3 (Long Ton), LK.210 (Vnh Long); x = 11o11, y = 105o47. 5. Bt kt, cc lp mng ct kt a khong, 28 m135 m; b) ct kt thch anh xen bt kt, st kt, cui sn kt, 21.5m - 90m. Siltstone, interbeds of polymictic sandstone, 28135m; b) quartz sandtone, interbeds of silstone claystone, gravel (gravelstone) stone, 21.5 - 90m. 6. 50-225 m. 7. Phc h BTPH rng ngp mn (Acrostichum 35%), Foraminifera: Pseudorotalia, Globigerinoides (a); phc h BTPH rng ngp mn (Sonneratia, Rhizophora), To silic: Centrophyceae (b) Sporo-pollenic assemblage of mangrove forest (Acrostichum 35%), Foraminifers: Pseudorotalia, Globigerinoides (a); Sporo-pollenic assemblage of mangrove forest (Sonneratia, Rhizophora), Diatomae: Centrophyceae (b) 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Phng Hip tui Miocen mun Unconformably lying upon Upper Miocene Phng

Hip Fm. 9. Tam gic chu Deltaic. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 02/1999 Chang Pung (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri mun Late Cambrian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Chang Poung, Late Acadian - Postdamian). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. ng mn t cng n Chang Pung n bn Seo Thn P vi chiu di 4km. 4km along the track from the gate of Chang Phung Border Post to Seo Thn Ph village; x = 23o17'; y = 105o25'. 5. a) phin st, bt kt, 60m; b) vi trng c, vi st, ct kt vi, 150m; c) phin st, bt kt xen vi trng c, 90m; d) phin st, bt kt, i ni xen nhng lp vi, phin st cha vi, 140m; e) vi trng c xen cc di st mng, 150m; f) phin st, bt kt, 70m; g) vi vi ht, vi trng c, phin st, st vi, 120m; h) vi st silic, vi trng c xen cc lp phin st - sericit cha vi, 470m; i) vi hoa ha, vi

st, 220m; k) phin st - sericit xen bt kt, 70m; l) vi st, 30m; m) phin st xen i lp ct kt, 40m; n) vi, 90m. a) Clay shale, siltstone, 60m; b) oolithic limestone, clayish limestone, calcareous sandstone, 150m; c) clay shale, siltstone, oolithic limestone interbeds, 90m; d) clay shale, siltstone, locally interbeds of limestone, calcareous clay shale, 140m; e) oolithic limestone interbedded with clay bands, 150m; f) clay shale, siltstone, 70m; g) microgranular limestone, oolithic limestone, clay shale, marl, 120m; h) siliceous clayish limestone, oolithic limestone, interbeds of calcareous sericite - clay schist, 470m; i) marbleized limestone, clayish limestone, 220m; k) sericite - clay schist, interbeds of siltstone, 70m; l) clayish limestone, 30m; m) clay shale, some interbeds of sandstone, 40m; n) limestone, 90m. 6. 1300 - 1700 m. 7. Cyclolorenzella tonkinensis (a), Damesella brevicaudata (a), Drepanura cf. premesnili (a), Parablackwelderia spectabilis (a), Paracoosia deprati (a), Pseudagnostus douvillei (a), Stephanocare richthofeni (a), Billingsella tonkinensis (c), Prochuangia mansuyi (c), Billingsella sp. (d, e), Irvingella sp. (d), Pagodia sp. (d), Caulaspira convexa (d), Calvinella

walcotti (g, m), Dictyella mansuyi (h), Prosaukia angulata (h), Haniwa sp. (h), Saukia sp. (m), Tellerina (?) sp. (m). 8. Khng quan st c ranh gii di , chnh hp di Ht Lutxia Lower boundary is unknown; conformably underlies the Luxia Fm. 9. Trm tch bin nng thm lc a Shallow- water shelf sediments. 10. Srie Bc H: Jacob Ch. 1920 (khng hp thc) Srie de Bc H: Jacob Ch. 1920 (invalid). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Chapa - Cc Xan (Srie) 1. Proterozoi v Cambri Proterozoic and Cambrian 2. Jacob Ch. 1921 10. Hin c chia ra cc Ht. Sa Pa, inh v Cam ng Invalid; subdivided at present into Sa Pa, inh and Cam ng Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Chu Thi (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Bi Ph M v V Khc, 1980. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); huyn Th c TP H Ch Minh v tnh Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Th c District of H Ch Minh City and Bnh Phc Province. 4. Ni Chu Thi v i Bu Long i v pha sn bay Bin Ho Chu Thi Mt; x = 1050, y = 10650, and Bu Long Hill toward Bin Ho airport. 5. a) Cui kt c s, 150 m; b) arkos cha cc mnh dm phun tro, lp kp cui kt, 100 m; c) ct bt kt, phin st, thu knh st vi, 150 m a) Basal conglomerate, 150 m; b) arkose bearing effusive fragments, interbeds of conglomerate, 100 m; c) sandy siltstone, clay shale, lenses of marl, 150 m. 6. 400 - 800 m. 7. Bulogites cf. multinodosus (c), Gymnotoceras cf. blakei (c), Balatonites cf. balatonicus (c), Daonella lindstroemi (c), Posidonia sp. (c).

8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Si Gn tui Trias sm, khng chnh hp di trm tch Jura Unconformably lying upon Lower Triassic Sng Si Gn Fm., and under Jurassic sediments. 9. Bin, trm tch - ngun ni la Marine, volcanogeno-sedimentary. 10. Mt ct y ca h tng gn y mi thy TN Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc A full sequence of this formation was found recently in SW Lc Ninh, Bnh Phc Province. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Chim Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. E..Vasilevskaya (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang Province. 4. Dc b h lu Sng Gm Along the banks of the lower course of the Gm River; x = 2210, y = 10520

5. a) phin thch anh - mica, >500 m; b) quarzit, 150 m; c) phin hai mica, 500 m; d) hoa, 100 m a) Quartz - mica schist, > 500m; b) quartzite, 150m; c) two-mica schist, 500m; d) marble, 100 m. 6. > 1300 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, tip xc kin to vi cc trm tch Paleozoi The lower boundary unknown; tectonically contacted with Paleozoic formations. 9. Bin nng. Bin cht phn i t i biotit n i silimanit-isthen Marine, shallow-water. Metamorphism zonated from biotite zone to sillimanite-disthene zone. 10. Hin nay nhiu nh a cht xp vo lot Sng Chy Referred at present by many geologists to the Sng Chy Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 Chiu Riu (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura gia Middle Jurassic 2. Ma Kng C v nnk., 1999

3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (IV); tnh Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (IV); Bnh Phc Province. 4. Sui Chiu Riu, ty bc Lc Ninh, gn bin gii Vit Nam-Campuchia. Chiu Riu Stream, situated in northwest of Lc Ninh, near the Vit Nam - Campoge border. 5. a) Ct kt xm lc, ct kt cha cui, ct bt kt, bt kt xen t ct kt nu nht, 200-250m; b) ct kt t khong, bt kt, st kt nu , t lp kp ct kt arkos, ct kt a khong ht nh, ct bt kt cha vi, 600m a) Greenish-grey sandstone, pebble-bearing sandstone, silty sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of brownish sandstone, 200-250m; b) quartz sandstone, chocolate siltstone and claystone, some interbeds of arkosic sandstone, polymictic sandstone, and calcareous silty sandstone, 600m. 6. 800-850 m. 7. G silic ho cha nghin cu (a, b) Not studied yet silicified wood (a, b). 8. Chnh hp trn phn lot ray Linh tui Jura sm, khng chnh hp di Ht. o Bo Lc tui Jura mun

Conformably overlying Lower Jurassic ray Linh Subgroup, unconformably underlying Upper Jurassic o Bo Lc Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. Ht. Du Ting ( vng Lc Ninh): Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996 (ng ngha) Du Ting Fm. (in the Lc Ninh area): Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1996 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/2000. Ch Klin (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm - gia Early - Middle Triassic. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1985 10. ng ngha ca cc Ht. Mang Giang: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1985 v Ht. Chu Thi: Bi Ph M, V Khc, 1980. Synonym of Mang Giang Fm.: Nguyn Kinh Quc 1979, and Chu Thi Fm.: Bi Ph M, V Khc, 1980. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1999. Ch Prng (H tng, Formation)

1. Permi mun - Trias sm Late Permian - Early Triassic. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1988 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Kon Tum v Gia Lai. Middle Trung B (III.1); Kon Tum and Gia Lai Provinces. 4. Vng ni Ch Prng v Tiu Teo, huyn Ch Prng, Gia Lai; x = 13o57, y = 107o45. Ch Prng and Tiu Teo areas, Ch Prng District, Gia Lai Province 5. a) Cui-sn kt tuf, aglomerat, tuf anesit, anesit, anesitoasit, 200m; b) acit porphyr, ryoacit porphyr, ryolit v tuf ca chng, 200-220m; c) ryolit porphyr, felsit porphyr, tuf ryolit, ignimbrit, cc lp kp tufit, vn tuf, 180-200m a) Tuffaceous conglomerate and gritstone, agglomerate, andesitic tuff, andesite, andesitodacite, 200m; b) porphyritic dacite, porphyritic rhyodacite, rhyolite and their tuffs, 200-220m; c) porphyritic rhyolite, porphyritic felsite, rhyolitic tuff, ignimbrite, interbeds of tuffite, clastic tuff, 180-200 m. 6. 600-620 m. 8. Ranh gii di khng r, bn trn b Ht. Mang Giang v Ht, c Bng ph khng chnh hp

Lower boundary unknown, unconformably underlying the Triassic Mang Giang and Jurassic c Bng Fms. 9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1999 Ch S (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998). 3. Trung Trung B (III.2); tnh Gia Lai Middle Trung B (III.2); Gia Lai Province. 4. Vng Ch S, Gia Lai Ch S area, Gia Lai Province; x=13033; y=108013 5. a) phin sericit xen quarzit, > 100 m; b) hoa, hoa olomit, >500 m a) Sericite schist, quarzite, > 100 m; b) marble, dolomitic marble, >500 m. 6. > 600m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di v trn Lower and upper boundaries unknown.

9. Bin, lc nguyn - carbonat. Bin cht khu vc tng phin lc Marine, terrigenous-carbonate. Greenschist facies of the regional metamorphism. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 C Bai (H tng, Formation) 1. evon trung, Givet - evon mun, Frasni Middle Devonian, Givetian - Late Devonian, Frasnian. 2. Nguyn Xun Dng (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986, V Khc & Bi Ph M. Edit. 1990) 10. H tng C Bai (= C Bai) l th a tng ng ngha vi h tng Tn Lm (xem h tng Tn Lm). C Bai (= C Bai) Fm. is a junior synonym of Tn Lm Fm. (see Tn Lm Fm.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 12. 11. 9/1998. C Mi (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun - evon sm Late Silurian - Early Devonian. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Nm Pa: Tng Duy Thanh 1978

Synonym of Nm Pa Fm.: Tng Duy Thanh 1978 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 C Ni (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965) 3. Ty Bc B (I.3), cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Ty v Thanh Ha West Bc B (I.3), Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Ty and Thanh Ha provinces. 4. Ng ba C Ni trn ng s 6, huyn Yn Chu C Ni fork of the road No. 6, Yn Chu District; x = 2105; y = 10411. 5. a) phin st, bt kt tuf, lp kp ct kt tuf v thu knh vi, 30m; b) bt kt, phin st, thu knh phun tro mafic, 30m; c) ct kt tuf, bt kt, 100m; d) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 150 m; e) phin st, bt kt v lp kp ct kt, 35m; f) st vi, vi st, lp kp bt kt v phin st, 100 m a) Clay shale, tuffaceous siltstone, interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and lenses of limestone, 30m; b) siltstone, clay shale, lenses of mafic effusives, 30m; c) tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, 100 m; d)

siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 150 m; e) clay shale, siltstone and interbeds of sandstone, 35m; f) marl, clayish limestone, interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 100 m. 6. 270 - 450 m. 7. Lingula tenuissima (a), Claraia aurita (b), C. stachei (b), Eumorphotis cf. inaequicostata (b), E. spinicosta (b), Entolium discites microtis (c), Anakashmirites nivalis (e), Tirolites idrianus (f), Eumorphotis reticulata (f), Unionites fassaensis (f). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Permi, chnh hp di Ht. ng Giao tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Permian sediments, conformably under Anisian ng Giao Fm. 9. Ngun ni la - bin Volcanogeno-sedimentary, marine. 10. Ct kt cha Hoernesia socialis: Deprat 1914 (ng ngha); ip Lng Bai: Nguyn Tr Vt 1964 (ng ngha); ip Bi ng: V Khc v nnk 1972 (ng ngha). L h tng di ca lot Sn La Hoernesia socialis Sandstone: Deprat 1914 (synonym); Lng Bai Suite: Nguyn Tr Vt, 1964 (synonym); Bi ng Suite: V Khc et al, 1972 (synonym). Being the lower formation of the Sn La Group. 11. V Khc

12. 6/1998 Con Voi (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun - Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); thnh ph Hi Phng, tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1): Hi Phng City, Qung Ninh province. 4. Sn bc ni Con Voi, Kin An, Hi Phng North slope of Con Voi Mt., near Kin An, Hi Phng; x = 20o50'; y = 106o33'. 5. a) vi ti kt tinh, 20m; b) vi, 50m; c) vi xen cc lp silic mng, 80m. a) Recrystallized limestone, 20m; b) limestone, 50m; c) limestone, thin interbeds of chert, 80m. 6. 150 - 600 m. 7. Tournayella jubra (a), Amphipora laxeperforata (a), A. patokensis minor (a), Parathurammina quadrata (b), Septaglomospiranella primaeva (b), Septatournayella cf. rauserae (b), Septaglomospiranella rara (c), Septatournayella lebedevae (c), S. rauserae (c), Chernyshinella paucicamerata (c).

8. Chnh hp trn vi evon thng v b ph chnh hp bi vi ca Ht. Mi (Bc Sn) Conformably overlies limestone of Upper Devonian and underlies Mi (Bc Sn) Fm.. 10. vi ni Con Voi (Calcaires de la montagne de lElphant): E. Patte 1927 (ng ngha); Ht. H Long: Nguyn Vn Lim 1978 (ng ngha) Calcaires de la montagne dElphant (Limestone of the Elephant Mt.): E. Patte 1927 (synonym); H Long Fm.: Nguyn Vn Lim 1978 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 C T (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic - Silur Ordocician - Silurian. 2. Zhamoida A.I., Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965: Neogen); Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1972 (Orovic - Silur). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh. 4. H tng C T c m t theo trt t a tng trn qun o C T, nhng mt ct chun khng c ch nh The description of the C T Formation were made from its sequences in C T archipelago, but the stratotype has not been designated; x=107o45,

y=21o00. 5. a) Ct kt tuf, tufit axit (ryolit); b) bt kt, st bt mu xm, cu to dng sc di ; c) argilit, phin st mu xm (Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1972) a) Tuffaceous sandstone, rhyolitic tuffite; b) grey stripped siltstone, aleuropelite; c) grey argillite, clay shale (Trn Vn Tr et al. 1972). 6. 2000 m. 7. Spirograptus turriculatus, S. cf. minor, Pristiograptus cf. regularis, Campograptus communis, Demirastrites sp., Climacograptus sp., Monograptus sp., Streptograptus sp. Ti o Thanh Ln v L Chc Sn (In Thanh Ln and L Chc Sn Islands): Streptograptus exiguus, Monoclimacis linarsoni, Hedrograptus rectangularis, Rastrites peregrinus, Pseudoclimacograptus hughesi, P. triangulatus. 8. C hai ranh gii trn v di u khng quan st c Stratigraphic relationships with the older and younger strata are unknown. 10. V thch a tng, hai Ht. C T v Tn Mi phn bit nhau r rt; Ht. C T c thnh phn ch yu l tuf v tufit, trong khi thnh phn ngun ni la khng gp trong Ht. Tn Mi. Lithostratigraphically, C T and Tn Mi Fms.

distinctly distinguish each from other; the first consists mainly of tuffaceous rocks, while these components are absent in the second formation. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 C Bi ( phin ct; Sandy shale) 1. Mesozoi?, evon? Mesozoic?, Devonian? 2. Hoffet J. H. (1933) (Schistes grseux). 10. Xem Ht. A Chc See A Chc Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 C Phc (H tng, Formation). 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Yn Bi v Ph Th Sng Hng (I.2); Yn Bi and Ph Th Provinces. 4. Theo ng -t Yn Bi - Ngi Hp. Mt ct b sung Thanh Ba, Ch Ch, Ln Dng, Ph Th v Hng Ho.

Along the Yn Bi - Ngi Hp Road ; x = 2144, y = 10453. Supplementary sections at Thanh Ba, Ch Ch, Ln Dng, Ph Th and Hng Ho. 5. a) Ct kt ht nh, ct kt ht va cha muscovit, di c mt s lp cui kt puing v sn kt, 130240m.; b) xen k dng nhp ca bt kt, sn kt, ct kt ht nh v cc va than, 130-260m. a) Fine sandstone, medium-grained muscovitebearing sandstone, some beds of puddingstone and gritstone in the lower part, 130-240m; b) rythmic intercalation of siltstone, gritstone, fine sandstone and coal seams, 130-260m. 6. 260-500 m. 7. Vt in l thuc phc h Graminiphyllum Phragmites oeningensis, Unio sp. (a); vt in l thuc cc phc h Ficus beauveriei - Artocarpus (hay Quercus - Laurus) v Typha latissima Graminiphyllum (b) Imprints of leaves belonging to GraminiphyllumPhragmites oeningensis assemblage, Unio sp. (a); imprints of leaves from the Ficus beauverieiArtocarpus (or Quercus - Laurus) and Typha latissima - Graminiphylum assemblages (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Vn Yn (N12) Conformably upon the Vn Yn Fm. (N12). 9. Lc a

Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk., 1965 (ng ngha); tng Phan Lng (mt phn): Phm nh Long v nnk., 1975 (ng ngha); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977) (ng ngha); Ht. Na Dng: Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E., et al. 1965 (synonym); Phan Lng Fm. (part.): Phm nh Long et al., 1975 (synonym); Miocene: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (synonym); Na Dng Fm.: Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Cc Pi (Srie) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic 2. Deprat J. 1915 10. ng ngha ca lot Sng Chy Invalid; synonym of Sng Chy Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Cc Xan (Srie) 1. Proterozoi v Cambri - Orovic Proterozoic and Cambrian - Ordovician. 2. Jacob Ch. 1921 10. Hin c phn ra l Ht. inh: Kalmkov, Trn Vn Tr 1967, v Ht. Cam ng: ovjikov A. v nnk. 1965. Invalid; subdivided at present into inh Fm.: Kalmylov, Trn Vn Tr 1967, and Cam ng Fm.: Dovzhikov A. et al. 1965. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Cc X (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Vasilevskaia E. . (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.2); tnh Bc Cn, Tuyn Quang East Bc B (I.1); Bc Cn, Tuyn Quang provinces. 4. Thc Ging - Bn Cho (nh Cc X qua Na Cu Pha H - Cui Hc), Bc Cn. Thc Ging - Bn Cho villages (from the Cc X summit through Na Cu - Pha H - Cui Hc), Bc

Cn province; x = 22o07'; y = 105o57'. 5. a) vi st xen st vi, vi, 125m; b) st vi, st vi sericit, phylit vi, 40m; c) ct kt, ct kt c vi, bt kt, 120m; d) vi xen vi st, phin st vi - sericit, 160m; e) phylit vi, 35m; f) phin vi - sericit, phin st, 50m; g) vi, phin st, st vi, 35m; h) phin st vi, vi st, 110m; i) phin st xen ct kt vi, vi st, 130m. a) Clayish limestone, interbeds of marl, limestone, 125m; b) marl, sericite marl, calcareous phyllite, 40m; c) sandstone, calcareous sandstone, siltstone, 120m; d) limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, marlaceous - sericite schist, 160m; e) calcareous phyllite, 35m; f) calcareous - sericite schist, clay shale, 50m; g) limestone, clay shale, marl, 35m; h) marlaceous shale, clayish limestone, 110m; i) clay shale, interbeds of calcareous sandstone, clayish limestone, 130m. 6. 800 - 1500 m. 7. Thamnopora sp. (d), Chonetes inversa (d), Schellwienella aff. lantenoisi (i), Pelecypoda (i). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Orovic Ht. Ph Ng (Vasilevskaia in ovjikov et al. 1965) Unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks (Ph Ng Fm.)

9. Bin Marine. 10. Xt v c im ca thnh phn thch hc, Ht. Cc X c th l ng ngha vi Ht. Mia L. Ht. Pia Phng (mt phn): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977 (ng ngha) Lithostratigraphically, the Cc X Fm. is rather similar to the Mia L Fm., and it could be its junior synonym. Pia Phng Fm. (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1977 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 C Lao Dung (H tng, Formation) 1. Eocen Eocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan Cu Long I (C Lao Dung, ca sng Hu); x = 941, y = 10616 Hole Cu Long I (C Lao Dung, estuary of Hu River).

5. Cui kt, dm kt, sn kt, ct kt, t khi xen k bt kt v st kt xm nu; phn trn c vi lp st vi hoc bn vi Conglomerate, breccia, gritstone, sandstone, sometimes with interbeds of gray-brown claystone and siltstone; in the upper part there are some beds of marl and calcareous mudstone. 6. 1100 m. 7. Phc h BTPH Verrucatosporites - Florschuetzia: bo t = 10-25%, phn Pinophyta = 10-20%, phn Magnoliophyta = 55-80%. Cc dng u th: Verrucatosporites sp., Florschuetzia sp., Bombacacidites sp., Diplosporites sp. Sporo-pollenic assemblage of VerrucatosporritesFlorschuetzia: spora = 10-25%, pollens of Pinophyta = 10-20%, pollens of Magnoliophyta = 55-80%. Dominant taxa: Verrucatosporites sp., Florschuetzia sp., Bombacacidites sp., Diplosporites sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn phun tro Creta. Unconformably upon Cretaceous volcanic rocks. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998

 C Chi (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun, phn mun Late Late Pleistocene. 1. L c An, Phm Hng, 1980 3. ng Nam B (III.2); Tp H Ch Minh v cc tnh Ty Ninh, ng Nai East Nam B (III.2); H Ch Minh City and Ty Ninh, ng Nai Provinces. 4. Gn th trn C Chi, Tp H Ch Minh Near C Chi Townlet, H Ch Minh City; x = 1059, y = 10639. 5. a) Ct bt nhiu cui si, sn thch anh, 7m; b) laterit, 2-4m; c) ct bt xm trng ln ct ht th, 23m n vi chc mt. a) Gray sand, silt containing much quartz pebble and grit, 7m; b) laterite, 2-4m; c) white-gray silty sand mixed with coarse sand, 2-3m to tens metres. 6. 30-35 m n 50 m. 7. Myrtus sp. (a), Quercus sp. (a), Rubia sp. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. B Miu tui PliocenPleistocen Unconformably lying upon Pliocene-Pleistocene B Miu Fm. 9. Sng

Fluvial. 10. Ph sa c: Saurin E. 1937 (ng ngha) Old Alluvium: Saurin E. 1937 (synonym); 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Cui kt (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen gia Middle Miocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1973. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Vn Yn (Trnh Dnh, 1980) trn c s nghin cu chi tit v a tng Attributed at present to the Vn Yn Fm. based on detailed stratigraphic studies. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Ca Ro (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1993. 10. Hin xp vo phn trn ca Ht. Khe B (N) do khng r v ranh gii a tng v c im c sinh. Attributed at present to the upper part of Khe B Fm. by the impossibility of establishing the

stratigraphical boundary and characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1999

paleontological

D.
Dm kt nh (Top Breccias) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Bourret R., 1922. 10. Hin c xp vo phn trn ca Ht. Vn Lng Attributed at present to the upper part of the Vn Lng Fm.. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Dm kt h X (Breccias of X System) 1. Trias Triassic. 2. Zeil G., 1907. 10. Hin c xp vo phn trn ca Ht. Vn Lng Attributed at present to the upper part of Vn Lng Fm.

11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Du Ting (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic. 2. Phan Don Thch (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1996). 10. Hin c tm coi l ng ngha ca Ht. T Pa Preliminarily regarded as a synonym of T Pa Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Di Linh (H tng, Formation) 1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1989 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); Di Linh, Bo Lc, c Trng, Lt (Lm ng) South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Di Linh, Bo Lc, c Trng, Lt areas (Lm ng Province). 4. Khu vc i Hip theo quc l 20 Di Linh - Lt v cc l khoan khu vc Di Linh.

i Hip area, along the road No20 Di Linh - Lt, and after hole sections at Di Linh. 5. a) Ct kt, bt kt xen 2 lp bazan, 6-20m; b) ct kt, bt kt, st kt than, than hoc bentonit, 5060m; c) si kt, ct kt, bentonit, 4-5m; d) st kt, ct kt, bentonit, 90-95m. a) Sandstone, silstone, 2 interbededs of basalt, 620m; b) sandstone, silstone, coaly shale, coal or bentonite, 50-60m; c) gravelstone, sandstone, beltonite, 4-5m; d) siltstone, sandstone, bentonite, 90-95m. 6. 160-180 m. 7. Vt in l thuc phc h Quercus - Laurophyllum Clethra (a), phc h Ficus beauveriei Dipterocarpus - Diospyros brachysepala (b), phc h Q. lantenoisi - Ocotea heeri - Ficus beauveriei (d), Bo t phn hoa (b) v Chn bng Viviparus aff. quadratus (d) Imprints of leaves from Quercus-LaurophyllumClethra assemblage (a), Ficus beaveriei Dipterocarpus Diospyros brachysepala assemblage (b), Q. lantenoisi - Ocotea heeri Ficus beauveriei assemblage (d); Sporo-pollenic assemblage (b) and Molluscs Viviparus aff. quadratus (d). 9. Lc a cha than v bentonit

Continental coal- or bentonite-bearing 10. Neogen : Saurin E., 1944 (mt phn, tn khng hp thc); Paleogen: Fontaine H., 1977 (tn khng hp thc); ip Bo Lc v ip Di Linh: Trnh Dnh, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1993 (ng ngha). Neogene: Saurin E., 1944 (part, invalid); Paleogene: Fontaine H., 1977 (invalid); Bo Lc Suite and Di Linh Suite: Trnh Dnh, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1993 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Da (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen sm Early Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); trng Nam Cn Sn West Nam B (IV); Nam Cn Sn Depression. 4. L khoan Da-1X, b sung theo l khoan 12-C1X, 12-B-1X (trn thm lc a). Hole Da-1X, supplemented by data from holes No12-C-1X and 12-B-1X (on the continental shelf). 5. a) Ct kt, st kt cha than la di; b) ct kt, st kt; c) st kt

a) Sandstone and claystone bearing lignite; b) sandstone, claystone; c) claystone. 6. 800-850 m. 7. Foraminifers: Globoquadrina dehiscens, Gl. prodehiscens, Globigerinoides trilobus, Glob. bisphaericus; pollens: Florschuetzia levipoli. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Cau tui Oligocen Unconformably overlying the Oligocene Cau Fm. 9. Bin nng Shallow - marine. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Dng Hu (ip, Suite) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1971. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Dng ng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm-gia, Praga, Eifel Early-Middle Devonian, Pragian, Eifelian.

2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Hi Dng, Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Hi Dng, Qung Ninh provinces. 4. Mt ct gn Dng ng, Thy Nguyn, Hi Phng Section near Dng ng village, Thy Nguyn district, Hi Phng; x = 20o58'; y = 106o41'. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh xen cc lp mng phin st, thu knh vi, 30m; b) phin st, phin sericit xen bt kt, ct kt, phin st vi, thu knh vi, 200 - 270m; c) ct kt dng quarzit, 80 - 120m; d) ct bt kt xen k cc lp ct kt, phin st, 100 - 150m. a) Quartzitic sandstone, thin interbeds of clay shale, limestone lenses, 30m; b) clay shale, sericite schist and interbeds of siltstone, sandstone, marlaceous shale, limestone lenses, 200 - 270m; c) quartzitic sandstone, 80 - 120m; d) silty sandstone, interbeds of sandstone and clay shale, 100 - 150m. 6. 400 - 700 m. 7. San h v Brachiopoda - Coral and brachiopods (b); nm 1986 Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. tm c - Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 has found: Syringopora eifeliensis, Amphipora vatustior, Euryspirifer cf. tonkinensis, Stropheodonta" cf.

interstrialis, Desquamatia ex gr. desquamata, Atrypa auriculata, Indospirifer kwangsiensis, and Acrospirifer sp. 8. Quan h vi trm tch c hn khng quan st c, chnh hp di vi ca Ht. Bn Pp (Trng Knh = L Sn) Contact with older strata unknown; conformably underlying Bn Pp (Trng Knh = L Sn) Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

.
a Ning (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun - Carbon sm Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1970 (ip - Suite). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bn Ci: Deprat J.1914; Nguyn Xun Bao 1970 Junior synonym of the Bn Ci Fm.: Deprat J. 1914; Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 a Phc (Tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp, 1967 (Tng). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 a Pren (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta Cretaceous. 2. Belousov v nnk, 1984. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. n Dng (tng ng vi phn trn) Synonym of n Dng Fm. (corresponding to the upper part). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Nng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene.

2. Saurin E., 1952 (Ct vng - Yellow Sand) 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Tha Thin - Hu v Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu and Qung Nam Provinces. 4. Nam thnh ph Nng South of Nng Town; x = 1604, y = 10812. 5. Ct thch anh ln bt, st mu vng Yellow quartz sand mixed with a little silt and clay. 6. 8-10 m. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 inh (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Kalmkov A.F., Trn Vn Tr, 1959 (ip - suite). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Lao Cai Province. 4. Ni inh, tnh Lo Cai inh Mt, Lo Cai Province; x = 2223, y = 10352.

5. hoa phn lp, hoa olomit, hoa tremolit, calciphyr c scapolit Bedded marble, dolomitic marble, tremolite marble, scapolite-bearing calciphyre. 6. 600 m. 7. Protosphaeridium acis, Pr. torulosum, Pr. pusillum, Pr. densum, Tracheites sp. 8. Chnh hp trn tp phin ca Ht. Sa Pa, b ph bt chnh hp bi h tng Cam ng Conformably lying upon schist member of the Sa Pa Fm., unconformably underlying the Cam ng Fm. 9. Bin, bin cht tng phin lc Marine, greenschist facies of the regional metamorphism. 10. H tng ny c tc gi m t l phn trn ca h tng Sa Pa (Phan Trng Th v nnk. 1977; Bi Ph M, trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989), nay c tch ra nh c theo c im thch hc) This formation was described as the upper part of the Sa Pa Formation by some authors (Phan Trng Th, in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977; Bi Ph M, in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989), but has been separated as its first description on the lithological basis.

11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998. Mi (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon - Permi sm Carboniferous - Early Permian. 2. Dussault L. 1929 (Calcaires de Da May, Uralien: a danh Mi vit khng ng - Incorrect spelling of Mi); Nguyn Xun Bao 1970: (Ht. Mi - Mi Fm.). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Sn La province. 4. Theo b sng , i din vi ca sui Li, gn Mi, Sn La. Along the river bank, in opposite of the Li stream mouth, near Mi village, Sn La province; x = 21o02'; y = 104o47'. 5. a) vi phn lp dy n dng khi, 300m; b) vi olomit, 150m; c) vi trng c cha silic, c lp olomit ha, 150m; d) vi cha nhiu silic dng hoc thu knh, 100 - 150m; e) vi trng c cha silic, 25m; f) vi dng khi, 110 - 150m. a) Thick - bedded to massive limestone, 300m; b) dolomitic limestone, 150m; c) cherty oolithic limestone, some interbeds of dolomitized limestone, 150m; d) limestone bearing chert nests and lenses,

100 - 150m; e) cherty oolithic limestone, 25m; f) massive limestone, 110 - 150m. 6. 800 - 1000 m. 7. Parathurammina (a), Earlandia (a), Archaesphaera (a), Plectogyra (a), Parathurammina ex gr. stellata (b), Dainella ex gr. chomatica (b), Tournayella ex gr. discoidea (b), Parastaffella ex gr. bradyi (b), P. ex gr. struvei (b), Eostaffella sp. (b), Endothyranopsis ex gr. crassus compressa (c), Endothyra ompholata (c,d), Eostaffella cf. tantilla (c), Asteroarchaediscus bachkiricus (c), Endothyra similis (d), E. parva (d), Mediocris mediocris (d), Eostaffella ikensis (d), E. mosquensis (d), Bothriophyllum sp. (d), Caninia sp. (d), Palaeosmilia sp. (d), Pseudostaffella cf. composita kertmica (e), Profusulinella subovata, (e), P. rhomboidea (e), Schubertella obscura (e), S. pauciseptata (e), Eostaffella bashkirica (e), Parastaffella pseudosphaeroides (e), Profulinella ovata (f), Pseudostaffella subquadrata (f), Fusulinella ex gr. bocki (f), F. ex gr. colaniae (f), Schubertella giraudi (f), Triticites parvus (f), T. bellus (f), Parastaffella pisolithicus (f), Schwagerina moelleri (f), S. sphaerica (f), Pseudofusulina pseudobreviscula (f), F. cf. rouxi (f), P. cf. vulgaris (f), Pseudoschwagerina aequalis (f), P. magna sphaerica (f), Rugosofusulina prisca

(f), Quasifusulina ex gr. longissma (f), Nankinella sp. (f),. 8. Ti mt ct Mi: chnh hp (?) trn trm tch evon thng v b ph chnh hp bi Ht. Bn Dit; nhiu ni khc: chnh hp di vi Permi thng At Mi Section: conformably (?) overlying Upper Devonian limestone, and conformably underlying Bn Dit Fm., in other areas: conformably underlying Upper Permian limestone. 10. Theo ngha thch a tng, mt ng ngha quen bit ca Ht. Mi l Ht. Bc Sn (xem Ht. Bc Sn = Mi). In lithostratigraphical meaning, a familiar junior synonym of the Mi Fm. is the Bc Sn one (see Bc Sn = Mi Fm.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 phin cha Margarites samneuaensis (Margarites samneuaensis Shale) 1. Trias mun, Carni Late Triassic, Carnian. 2. Patte E., 1927.

10. Hin c xp vo phn di Ht. N Khut (T2) vi ho thch sa i l Kellnerites samneuaensis Attributed at present to the lower part of N Khut Fm. with the revised fossil as Kellnerites samneuaensis. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 phin Tr An (Tr An Shale) 1. Jura sm Early Jurasssic. 2. Mansuy H., 1914. 10. Hin c xp vo phn trn Ht. c Krng Attributed at present to the upper part of c Krng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 i Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun Late Silurian. 2. Mareichev A.M., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A.E. v nk. 1965). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh, Qung Tr

North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh, Qung Tr provinces. 4. Thng ngun sng i Giang, L Thy, Qung Bnh Upper basin of i Giang river, L Thy district, Qung Bnh province; x = 17o15'; y = 106o28'. 5. a) Ct kt xen ct kt quarzit, 100m; b) bt kt xen ct kt, 485m; c) ct kt xen bt kt v ct kt dng quarzit, 75m; d) st vi, bt kt cha vi, ct kt, 225m; e) bt kt, 180m; f) bt kt xen ct kt, 80m. a) Sandstone, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, 100m; b) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 485m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and quartzitic sandstone, 75m; d) marl, calcareous siltstone, sandstone, 225m; e) siltstone, 180m; f) siltstone and interbeds of sandstone, 80m. 6. 300 - 1100 m. 7. Mediocrinus sp. (b), Retziella weberi (f), Athyris sp. (f). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Long i v b cc Ht. Ro Chan, A Chc (evon h) ph khng chnh hp Conformably overlying the Long i Fm. (Ordovician), and unconformably underlying Ro Chan, A Chc Fms. (Lower Devonian). 9. Bin

Marine. 10. Ht. L K: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (ng ngha) L K Fm. Dng Xun Ho 1975 (synonym) 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 i Th (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Phm nh Long, Nguyn Kinh Quc, Hong Xun Tnh 1979 (trong Phm nh Long 1979). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn provinces. 4. Koeu Pei - i Th, Tuyn Quang; x = 23o13; y = 105o10. From Koeu Pei village to i Th townlet, Tuyn Quang province. 5. a) phin thch anh - sericit, phin sericit xen k nhiu lp vi ti kt tinh, 130m; b) phin vi, vi ti kt tinh xen cc lp phin sericit, 290m; c) phylit, phin sericit lng bng xen cc lp quarzit, 120m; d) phin sericit xen phylit vi, vi, 114m; e) ct bt kt xen phin thch anh - sericit, phylit lng bng v cc lp mng ct kt

quarzit, 270m; f) ct bt kt dng quarzit, quarzit sericit xen phin sericit, ct kt vi, 140m; g) vi bitum b hoa ha, 70m; h) vi ti kt tinh, 220m; I) vi ln st, vi bitum, 100m. a) Sericite - quartz schist, sericite schist, interbeds of recrystallized limestone, 130m; b) calcareous shale, recrystallized limestone and interbeds of sericite schist, 290m; c) phyllite, lustrous sericite schist, interbeds of quartzite, 120m; d) sericite schist, interbeds of calcareous phyllite, limestone, 114m; e) silty sandstone, interbeds of sericite quartz schist, lustrous phyllite and thin beds of quartzitic sandstone, 270m; f) quartzitic silty sandstone, sericite quartzite, interbeds of sericite schist, calcareous sandstone, 140m; g) marbleized bituminous limestone, 70m; h) recrystallized limestone, 220m; i) silty limestone, bituminous limestone, 100m. 6. 1000 - 1300 m. 7. Pseudotryplasma cf. altaica (a), Aulacophyllum sp. (a), Gerronostroma aff. concentrica (a), Thamnopora sp. (a), Coenites sp. (a), Cladopora sp. (a), Squameofavosites sp. (a),, Favosites cf. gregalis (a), Favosites sp. (b), Stromatopora sp. (b), Bryozoa (b), Crinoidea (b), Tryplasma sp. (b), Euryspirifer tonkinensis (b), Rugosa (d), Spiriferidae (d),

Favosites tarejaensis (h), F. concentricus (h), Squameofavosites cf. nagorskyi (h). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Pia Phng v chuyn dn ln Ht Bn Pp Conformably overlying the Pia Phng Fm., and conformably underlying the Bn Pp Fm. 9. Trm tch thm nc nng, bin cht yu. Shallow-water shelf deposits, metamorphosed to sericite facies. 10. Ht. Cc X (part.) : Vasilevskaia E.. 1965 (ng ngha); Ht. i Th khc Ht. Mia L mc bin cht ca . Nhng nu xt v ngun gc trm tch ca hai h tng ny, v tnh tng ng ca cu trc mt ct v thnh phn ho thch ca chng th cn coi Ht. i Th l ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L, thm vo c hai h tng u phn b trong cng mt n v cu trc a cht. B dy ln ca Ht. i Th khng phi l tiu chun phn bit n vi Ht. Mia L. Hn na, khng loi tr kh nng s lp li ca cc trong mt ct mt vng c cu trc phc tp, nhiu t gy gy n tng v b dy ln ca h tng. Cc X Fm. (part.) : Vasilevskaia E.. 1965 (synonym). The i Th Fm. differs from the Mia L Fm. by its higher metamorphic grade of rocks only. But judging the sedimentary origin of these two formations, the similarity of the strata sequences and

of the fauna composition, furthermore they are distributed in a same geological structure unit, the i Th Fm. should be regarded as a junior synonym of the Mia L Fm. The big thickness of the i Th Fm. is not a criterion for distinguishing it from the Mia L one. Moreover, the possible repetition of some beds in the sequence of this area - an area of complicated structure and of fracture expansion could cause impression on the big thickness of this formation. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 p Cu (Tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori Late Triassic, Norian.. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp, 1967. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. H Ci Synonym of H Ci Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 c Bng (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm, Sinemur Early Jurassic, Sinemurian.

2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998) 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh c Lc, Khnh Ho, Gia Lai, Ph Yn, Bnh Dng v Thnh ph H Ch Minh. South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); c Lc, Khnh Ho, Gia Lai, Ph Yn, Bnh Dng Provinces and H Ch Minh City. 4. Ngn sui c Bng, t nh Ch Bng chy xung Ea Sp, x = 1308, y = 10756. Source of c Bng Stream, running from the Ch Bng Mt to Ea Sp. 5. a) Sn kt cha cui, 8 m; b) sn kt thch anh, 10 m; c) ct kt thch anh, 100 m a) Pebble-bearing gritstone, 8 m; b) quartz gritstone, 10 m; c) quartz sandstone, 100 m. 6. 118 - 320 m. 7. Arietitidae (c), Cardinia concinna (c), C. cf. orbicularis (c), Pleuromya cf. concentrica (c), Pteriidae (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. k Lin tui Paleozoi mun, chnh hp di Ht. c Krng tui Sinemur mun-Toar Unconformably lying upon Upper Paleozoic k Lin Fm., conformably under c Krng Fm. of Late Sinemurian-Toarcian age.

9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral. 10. L h tng di ca phn lot ray Linh (lot Bn n) Being the lower formation of the ray Linh Subgroup (Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 c Krng (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm, Sinemur mun - Toar Early Jurassic, Late Sinemurian - Toarcian. 2. V Khc, Ct Nguyn Hng, Nguyn Vnh v Cng D. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh c Lc, Khnh Ho, Gia Lai, Ph Yn, Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng v ng Nai. South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); c Lc, Khnh Ho, Gia Lai, Ph Yn, Bnh Phc, Bnh Dng and ng Nai Provinces. 4. H lu p thu in ray Linh trn sng c Krng, v vng i An - Tr An trn sng ng Nai In the lower course of the ray Linh hydroelectric dam on the c Krng River; x = 1239, y =

10755, and the i An - Tr An area on the ng Nai River. 5. a) Bt kt vi cha kt hch vi-silic, ct kt vi ht mn, 80 m; b) bt kt vi, st vi, 123 m; c) phin st, ct kt, bt kt vi cha nhiu kt hch vi-silic, 470 m. a) Calcareous siltstone bearing calcaro-siliceous concretions, fine-grained calcareous sandstone, 80 m; b) calcareous siltstone, marl, 123 m; c) clay shale, sandstone, calcareous siltstone bearing many calcaro-siliceous concretions, 470 m. 6. 650 - 700 m. 7. Paroxynoticeras tongdzuyi (a), Asteroceras sp. (a), Oxynoticeras sp. (a), Arieticeras sp. (b), Dumortieria lantenoisi (c), Pseudammatoceras mollukanum (c), Pseudogrammoceras loducensis (c), Parvamussium donaiense (c), Myophorella saurini (c), Goniomya knorri (c), Modiolus sestiniae (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. c Bng tui Sinemur sm, chnh hp di Ht. M tui Jura gia. Conformably lying upon Lower Sinemurian c Bng Fm., conformably under Middle Jurassic M Fm. 9. Bin Marine.

10. L h tng trn ca phn lot ray Linh (lot Bn n) Being the upper formation of the ray Linh Subgroup (Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 c Rium (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta khng phn chia Undifferentiated Cretaceous. 2. Abramov N. v nnk, 1984. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Lm ng v ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Lm ng and ng Nai Provinces. 4. Dc sui c Rium, vng gn ng 20 Along the c Rium Stream, near the Highway No. 20; x = 1135, y = 10807. 5. a) Cui kt hn tp, sn kt, ct kt nu tm, 100150 m; b) bt kt nu , ct kt v sn kt sng mu hn, 150-350 m a) Polymictic conglomerate, light brown-violetish gritstone and sandstone, 100-150 m; b) red-brown siltstone, sandstone, gritstone, 150-350 m. 6. 250 - 400 m.

7. Nemestheria sp. (b), Pagiophyllum cf. crassifolium (b), Lycopodites cf. tenerium (b), Elatocladus sp. (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Jura trung Unconformably lying upon Middle Jurassic sediments. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 k Lin (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon mun - Permi sm. Late Carboniferous - Early Permian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk. 1982 (c Lin). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh c Lc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); c Lc province. 4. Sui k Lin, ty bc Bun Ma Thut 42km k Lin stream, 42km northwest of Bun Ma Thut town; x = 12o58, y = 107o50. 5. a) phin silic, ct bt kt, phin st - silic, tuf anesit, anesit - porphyrit v bazan anesit porphyrit, 200m; b) anesit - porphyrit v tuf ca

chng xen st - silic, st bt kt, 150m; c) phin st vi xen thu knh vi, lp kp tuf anesit, anesit - porphyrit, 250m. a) Cherty shale, silty sandstone, cherty - clay shale, andesite tuff, porphyrite - andesite and porphyrite - andesite basalt, 200m; b) porphyrite andesite and their tuff, interbeds of cherty - clay shale, clay siltstone, 150m, c) marlaceous shale, limestone lenses, interbeds of andesitic tuff, porphyrite - andesite, 250m. 6. 600 m. 7. Schwagerina sp. (c), Pseudofusulina sp. (c), Verbeekina sp. (c), Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Crinoidea (b),. 8. Ranh gii di khng r; khng chnh hp di trm tch Jura Ht. c Bng Lower boundary unknown;unconformably underlying the Lower Jurassic c Bng Fm. 9. Trm tch - ngun ni la Volcanogeno-sedimentary. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 k Long (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri - Silur Cambrian - Silurian.

2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998). 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Nam, Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam and Kon Tum Provinces. 4. Thng ngun sng k Long ty bc tnh Kon Tum Along the source of k Long River, in the NW of Kon Tum Province. 5. Phn trn: quarzit, quarzit sericit phan lp, quarzit xen phin thch anh - aericit, phin st-sericit, hoa c olivin. Phn di: phin sericite schist, phin thch anh - felsspat, t phin thch anh hai mica, phin actinolit - epiot - zoisit, lp kp quarzit, phin actinolit, 300m; vng k Ui, trong phn di cn c metabazan, metaryolit vi b dy tng ln ti 700m. Lower part: sericite schite, quartz-felspar schist, minor quartz tow-mica schite, actinolite schite, 300m; Upper part: quartzite, bedded sericite quartzite, intercalation of quartzite and quartzsericite schit, clay-sericite schit, olivinebearing marble, 700m. In the k Ui area, the lower part of the formation still contents metabasalt, metarhyolite with the total thickness reaching up to 700m.

6. 1000-1200 m. 7. Phn trn - Upper part: Protosphaeridium sp., Pterospermopsimorpha sp., Phycomicetes sp., Protoleiosphaeridium sp., Zonosphaeridium sp., Orygmatosphaeridium sp., Hystricosphaeridium sp., Leiosphaeridium sp., Glococapsomorpha sp. 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn u khng r Unknown lower and upper boundaries. 9. Trm tch ngun ni la lc a (aulacogen) Vocalno-sedimentary, continental (aulacogen) 10, Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 8/1999 k L (H tng, Formation) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998) 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Gia Lai v Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1); Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 4. Dc sng Ba, trn sui nhnh k L, gn th trn Kan Nack; x=130 43, y= 108034

Along the k L Stream, a tributary of the Ba River, near the Kan Nack small town; 5. a) phin granat - corierit- silimanit, >500 m; b) quarzit xen phin kt tinh, >100 m; c) hoa, calciphyr, 50-100 m. a) Garnet - cordierite - sillimanite schist, >500 m; b) quarzite, crystalline schist, >100 m; c) marble, calciphyre, 50-100 m. 6. > 800 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Xa Lam C, chuuyn tip ln Ht. Kim Sn Conformably overlying the Xa Lam C Fm., conformably underlying the Kim Sn Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn - carbonat. Bin cht tng granulit Marine, terrigenous-carbonate. Granulite metamorphic facies. 10. L mt h tng trong lot Kan Nack Being a formation of the Kan Nack Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998. k Mi (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic.

2. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981. 10. Phn v ny c i tn thnh Ht. Tc P (Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998), mt h tng ca lot Ngc Linh This unit has been renamed as Tc P Fm. (Nguyn Xun Bao et al., in Trn Tnh et al. 1998), a formation of the Ngc Linh Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 t Cuc (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun. Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa, 1996. 3. ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Bnh Dng, ng Nai, B Ra-Vng Tu East of Nam B (III.2); Bnh Dng, ng Nai and B Ra-Vng Tu Provinces. 4. ng lng t Cuc, huyn Tn Uyn, ng Nai; x = 1108, y = 10652 East of t Cuc village, Tn Uyn District, ng Nai Province. 5. a) Ct, bt st mu vng, 0.5m; b) ct ln bt, st kaolin, 2m; c) ct ln bt st loang l, 1m; d) sn,

ct bt ln st kaolin, 1.7m; e) laterit nu ln bt, st gn kt chc, 1m; f) ct bt ln si sn, 1m. a) Yellow sand, clayish silt, 0.5m; b) sand mixed with kaolin and silt, 2m; c) variegated sand with clayish silt, 1m; d) grit, silty sand mixed with kaolin, 1.7m; e) brown laterite interbedded with well cimented silt and clay, 1m; f) silty sand, with granule, 1m. 6. 7-10 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. B Miu (Pliocen Pleistocen) v di Ht. Th c (Pleistocen trung thng) Unconformably lying upon Pliocene - Pleistocene B Miu Fm and under Middle - Upper Th c Fm. 9. Sng. Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 t (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian 2. on Nht Trng, Nguyn Hu Hng 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang

West Nam B (IV);Kin Giang province. 4. Bi t , b ty o Nam Du, qun o Nam Du; x = 9o41, y = 104o22 t shore, western side of Nam Du Island, Nam Du Archipelago. 5. a) Bt kt, 60m; b) ct kt, bt kt xen nhau, 120m; c) st kt, 60m a) Siltstone, 60m; b) sandstone interbedded with siltstone, 120m; c) claystone, 60m. 6. 240 m. 7. Fenestella sp. aff. F. laosensis (a), Compressoproductus sp. (a), Beecheria sp. (a), Neospirifer sp. (a), Cyclicyclicus sp. (a,b), Pentagonocyclicus sp. (a,b), Permundaria cf. asiatica (b), Sanguinolites cf. modiomorphoides (b). 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn cha quan st c Lower and upper boundaries not observed yet. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 2/1999 o Bo Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun

Late Jurassic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1977 (Jura mun - Creta sm; Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Lm ng, Bnh Phc, Bnh Thun, ng Nai v Thnh ph H Ch Minh South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Lm ng, Bnh Phc, Bnh Thun, ng Nai Provinces and H Ch Minh City. 4. o Bo Lc trn ng 20; x = 1125, y = 10742 v ngun sng C Tt (TB Phan Thit). Bo Lc Pass on the Highway No. 20, and source of C Tt River (NW Phan Thit). 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt hn tp, phin st-silic, phin st xen anesitoacit, 300 m; b) anesitoacit, anesit, lp kp tuf anesit, 205 m; c) ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, anesit, 220 m; d) acit, ryoacit, tuf, 150 m a) Mixed conglomerate and gritstone, clay-cherty shale, clay shale, interbeds of andesitodacite, 300 m; b) andesitodacite, andesite, interbeds of andesitic tuff, 205 m; c) tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, andesite, 220 m; d) dacite, rhyodacite, tuffs, 150 m. 6. 875 - 1000 m. 7. Estheria sp. (a), Lycopodites cf. tenerium (a).

8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. M tui Jura gia Unconformably lying upon Middle Jurassic M Fm. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 10. Ht. Ca T: Belouxov A. v nnk 1984 (ng ngha); Ht. Sng Bi : Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1988 (ng ngha) Ca T Fm.: Belousov A. et al 1984 (synonym); Sng Bi Fm.: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1988 (synonym).. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 o Bn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc & Trn Hu Dn 1998. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Dc ng Qun Hng - o Bn v b h Ph Hong, cch th trn ng M 7 km v pha bc; x = 21o41, y = 106o31 Along the Qun Hng - o Bn road and Ph Hong lakeshore, 7 km north of ng M Townlet.

5 Phn di l cui kt, ct kt thng c mu , tm g cha mt t ho thch c, 200m; phn trn gm vi st, phin st vi phong ph ho thch c bo tn tt, 60m; v phin st, bt kt mu xm v vi st mu en cha Brachiopoda thuc phc h Howittia wangi, 65m Lower part consists of chocolate conglomerate, sandstone yielding some fish remains, 200m; upper part consists of marly limestone, marl, abundant well preserved fish remains, 60m; and gray shale, dark limestone yielding Brachiopods of Howittia wangi Assemblage, 65m. 6. 300 - 350m. 7. Phn di - Lower part: Ostracoda, Yungolepis cf. praecursor, Yunnanolepis cf. parvus. Phn trn Upper part: Polybranchiaspis sp., Yungolepis cf, praecursor, Yunnanolepis bacboensis, Y. deprati, Chuchinolepis dongmoensis, Vanchienolepis langsonensis etc.. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Thn Sa v chnh hp di Ht. Mia L Unconformably overlying the Thn Sa Fm., and conformably underlying the Mia L Fm. 9. Lc a v lc a (ven b) Continental and subcontinental (nearshore)

10 ng ngha ca lot Sng Cu (Ht. Si Ka v Ht. Bc Bun). Cng cn lu rng t cc y ca phn trn mt ct, ti kilomet 5 ng ng M Ph Hong, Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn Hu Hng v on Nht Trng ln u pht hin v thu thp su tp ho thch c m Nguyn Kinh Quc trch dn. Kt qu phn tich ho hc cc cha ho thch ny khng phi l vi m chnh l phosphat calci Junior synonym of the Sng Cu Group (Si Ka and Bc Bun Fms). It is worthy to remind that from the bottom of the upper part, at 5th kilometer on the road from ng M to Ph Hong, Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn Hu Hng v on Nht Trng have firstly gathered fish fossils that Nguyn Kinh Quc cited. The bearing fossil rocks are not limestone, but chemical analysis has been showing that they are of phosphate calcium. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 5/1999. o Nhe (ip, Suite) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm nh Long, 1974. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut

Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 tam (Trm tch, Sediments) 1. tam Tertiary. 2. Kitovani S.K., 1961. 10. Hin chia thnh cc Ht. Cao Bng (N12), Vn Yn (N12), Na Dng (N13), C Phc (N13), Phan Lng (N13), ng Ho (N13), Hang Mon (N13), Khe B (N13), Rinh Cha (N13) v Tiu Giao (N2) (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975; Trnh Dnh, 1980, 1985, 1993) trn c s chi tit v ti liu sinh a tng Subdivided at present into different formations namely: Cao Bng (N12), Vn Yn (N12), Na Dng (N13), C Phc (N13), Phan Lng (N13), ng Ho (N13), Hang Mon (N13), Khe B (N13), Rinh Cha (N2) and Tiu Giao (N2) based on detailed biostratigraphic data (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975; Trnh Dnh, 1980, 1985, 1993). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trnh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 in L (H tng, Formation)

1. Cambri gia Middle Cambrian. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3), Ty Thanh Ho West Bc B (II.3), West Thanh Ho. 4. Vng Lng Vc - in L, Cm Thu, Thanh Ho Lng Vc - in L area, Cm Thu district, Thanh Ho province; x = 200 18', y = 1060 18'. 5. a) Ct kt ht mn, ct bt kt vi xen lp mng phin st sericit- clorit mu lc, phn di, 100m; b) phin st sericit , phin st vi mu xm en, phn lp dy, 200m. a) Fine sandstone, calcareous silty sandstone, thin interbeds of green stripped sericite-chlorite schist, 100m; b) dark grey, thick-bedded sericite schist, marlaceous shale, 200m. 6. 300 m. 7. Metanomocare sp. (b). 8. Chnh hp (?) di h tng Hm Rng Conformably (?) underlying Late Cambrian Hm Rng Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. in L c th l ng ngha ca Ht. Sng M; c hai u c m t ln u Ty Thanh

Ho. Tuy vy theo m t ca Phm Kim Ngn v Trn Vn Tr (1977) th dng nh thnh phn vi trong Ht. Sng M nhiu hn in L Fm. should be a synonym of Sng M Fm. Both of them were firstly described in West Thanh Ho area. However, according to the description of Phm Kim Ngn & Trn Vn Tr (1977), the limestone component in the Sng M Fm. seems to be more than in the in L one. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 nh Cao (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen Oligocene. 2. Phm Hng Qu, Phan Huy Quynh (trong L Vn C v nnk), 1985 (ip - Suite). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan 104 x nh Cao, Tin L, Hng Yn; x = 2042, y = 10605 Hole No104 at nh Cao Commune, Tin L District, Hng Yn Province. 5. St kt, bt kt, ct kt arkos v ct kt grauvac, i khi xen cc lp mng cui kt a khong

Violet, dark-gray claystone, siltstone, arkosic and grauwacke sandstone, sometimes with interbeds of polymictic conglomerate. 6. 110-260 m. 7. Phc h Bo t - phn hoa Verrucatosporites Florschuetzia: bo t = 20-30%, phn hoa Magnoliophyta = 65-75%. Cc dng u th: Verr. usmensis, Cyatheacidites sp., Florschuezia trilobata, Aquilopollenites sp., Trudopollenites sp., v.v... Sporo-pollenic assemblage of VerrucatosporitesFlorschuetzia: spora = 20-30%, pollens of Magnoliophyta = 65-75%. Dominatnt forms: Verr. usmensis, Cyatheacidites sp., Florschuetzia trilobata, Aquilopollenites sp., Trudopollenites sp., etc. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to c. Unconformably overlying the older formations. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998 Sn (H tng , Formation) 1. evon Devonian

2. Lantenois H. 1907 (Ct kt Sn = Grs de Do Son) 3. ng Bc B (I.1). Hi Phng; mt s o vnh Bc B East Bc B (I.1). Hi Phng City; some Islands of Bc B Gulf. 4. Bn o Sn, thnh ph Hi Phng Sn Peninsula, Hi Phng City. x = 20042'; y = 106047' 5. a) Ct kt dng quarzit mu nu, xm vng, phn lp dy dng xin cho, bt kt xen thu knh phin st, 200m; b) ct kt, bt kt mu xm sng nu , phn lp xin; 200m; c) bt kt xen ct kt, thu knh phin, mu xm sng, nu, > 250m. a) Chocolate thick-bedded, cross-bedded quartzitic sandstone, siltstone with claystone lenses, 200m; b) red, gray and brownish, cross-bedded sandstone and siltstone, 200m; c) light gray, blue gray, red brown siltstone, interbeds of sandstone and claystone, >250m. 6. Khong- Approximately 650m. 7. a) Di tch sinh vt khng xc nh, du vt hang chui rc ca sinh vt - Undeterminated fossil remains, canal trace of underground animal; b) Brachiopoda bo tn xu, Chn ru tui Givet Poorly preserved Brachiopods, Givetian Bivalves :

Schizodus? sp., Ptychopteria (Actinoptera) cf. hunanensis, Goniophora sp. Ho thch c Fish remains of Vietnamaspis trii, Bothriolepid v ho thch thc vt and plant remains of Lepidodendropsis sp. 8. H tng l n c Sn, quan h a tng vi cc trm tch lt di v ph trn khng quan st c The formation is isolatedly exposed, its stratigraphic contacts with older and younger strata are unknown. 9. Bin ven b Near-shore marine. 10. H tng Sn c nh tui khc nhau qua nhiu cng trnh nghin cu, nh Trm tch lc a tui trc Carbon (Patte 1927) hoc evon (Saurin 1956), evon trung - Eifel (Jamoia trong ovjjikov v nnk., 1965), evon sm (Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1977, Phan C Tin v nnk., 1989, Tng Duy Thanh v nnk., 1986), evon trung, Givet evon mun, Frasni (Long J. v nnk., 1990, Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Janvier Ph. 1991, TngDzuy Thanh v nnk., 1994, 1995, 1996). S c mt ca ho thch c Bothriolepid, ho thch thc vt Lepidodrendropsis cng nh cc ho thch Chn ru trong phn gia ca h tng cho php nh

tui Givet cho trm tch tch cha chng. Theo , tui Givet Frasni ca ton h tng c v l hp l. Tuy vy, trong st ti ni khai thc Ngc Xuyn pht hin ho thch Rhinocarcinosoma (mt dng Silur - evon sm ca Eurypteridae) cng vi nhng dng ho thch c gn gi vi Zhanjilepis ca evon h Vn Nam. Ngoi ra, cng ti y cc nh c sinh Nam Kinh xc nh bo t: Calamospora sp., Retusotriletes rotundus, R. warringtonii, Apiculiretusispora sp., Dictotriletes subgranifer, Emphanisporites neglectus, E. cf. micrornatus, Archaeozonotriletes sp. do Zhu Huaicheng xc nh, v Acritarcha do Li Jun xc nh: Veryhachium sp. Tt c u cho tui evon sm. Nh vy tui ca Ht. Sn hin nay tr thnh mt vn kh l gii, nht l trong tnh hung quan h a tng gia h tng ny v cc th a tng k cn u khng quan st c. V tng , Ht. Sn khng c mt th tng ng tui evon no ng Bc B ni ring v Bc B ni chung, ch c nhng nt gn gi vi ct kt L Ho Bc Trung B. The age of the Sn Fm has been dated differently by geologists, such as PreCarboniferous (Patte 1927), Devonian (Saurin 1956), Middle Devonian (Zhamoida in Dovjjikov et

al. 1965), Early Devonian (Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977, Phan C Tin et al. 1989, Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986), Givetian - Frasnian (Long J. et al. 1990, Tong-Dzuy Thanh, Janvier Ph. 1991, TngDzuy Thanh et al. 1994, 1995, 1996). The presence of fish fossils Bothriolepid, of plant remains Lepidodrendropsis and of Bivalves in the middle part of the formation indicates the Givetian age of bearing beds. Thus, the datation as GivetianFrasnian age of the formation seems to be rational. However, recently from the claystone lens at Ngc Xuyn quarry, in the northwestern part of the Sn peninsula, some interesting fossils were discovered, such as Rhinocarcinosoma (a Silurian Early Devonian Eurypterids), fish remains resembling most closely Zhanjilepis of Lower Devonian from Yunnan (China). Apart from these fossils, Lower Devonian sporomorphs and Acritarchs have been identified by Zhu Huaicheng and Li Jun from Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (first published here), such as Spores: Calamospora sp., Retusotriletes rotundus, R. warringtonii, Apiculiretusispora sp., Dictotriletes subgranifer, Emphanisporites neglectus, E. cf. micrornatus, Archaeozonotriletes sp; and Acritarchs Veryhachium sp. Thus the age of the Sn Fm. becomes an enigma, especially in the

setting of its stratigraphic relationship with the underlying and overlying stratigraphic bodies has not been observed. In addition, there is no Devonian facial equivalent of the Sn Fm. in East Bc B and in North Vit Nam in common, only a similarity of this Formation with the L Ho sandstone from North of Central Vit Nam is observed. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 8/1998. n Sn (Tng, Formation) 1. Permi Permian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 10. Tng ng phn trn ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Invalid. Equivalent to the upper part of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 ng Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic sm Early Ordovician. 2. Jacob Ch. 1921: (Ct kt ng Sn - Grs de Dong Son, Middle - Late Ordovician).

3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu provinces. 4. T cu Hm Rng n lng ng Sn, bc th x Thanh Ha From Hm Rng bridge to ng Sn village, north of Thanh Ha City; x = 19o50'; y = 105o46'. 5. a) phin, bt kt, bt kt cha mica, ct kt, 160m; b) ct kt dng quarzit, 200m a) Shale, siltstone, mica-bearing siltstone, sandstone, 160m; b) quartzitic sandstone, 200m. 6. 200 - 500 m. 7. Asaphopsis sp. (a), Cypricardinia prisca (b), Asaphopsis jacobi (b), A. reedi (b), A. welleri (b), A. cf. nakamurai (b), Prosopiscus (?) cheiruroides (b), Isotelus stenocephalus (b), Ogygites (?) annamensis (b), Annamitella asiatica (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Hm Rng (Cambri mun Orovic sm) v bt chnh hp di Ht. Nm Pa (evon h) Conformably overlying the Hm Rng Fm. (Upper Cambrian - Lower Ordovician) and unconformably underlying the Nm Pa Fm. (Lower Devonian). 9. Bin

Marine. 10. Mt ng ngha ca Ht. ng Sn l phn v t cng mang tn ng Sn (Holocen): Goloubev V. 1930. Tuy nhin tn ca Ht. ng Sn tui Orovic c Jacob Ch. (1921) nu trc. Nh vy vic chnh l tn gi cho hp thc thuc v phn v t. Ht. Lng Vc; Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973 (ng ngha) A junior synonym of the Ordovician ng Sn Fm. (Ch. Jacob 1921) is a Quaternary unit (Holocene) of the same name: Goloubev V. 1930. However the priority belongs to the unit described by Ch. Jacob, and the name correction must be made for the Quaternary unit. Lng Vc Fm.: Phm Vn Quang et al. 1973 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 ng Th (ng Th) (H tng, Formation) 1. evon trung - evon mun, Frasni Middle Devonian - Late Devonian, Frasnian. 2. Mareichev A.M., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh, Qung Bnh provinces.

4. Mt ct ni ng Th, Chc A, H Tnh. Hypostratotyp: mt ct Cu Rng - ng L, vng Quy t, Qung Bnh Section crossing through ng Th Mt., Chc A area, H Tnh province; x = 18o05'; y = 105o44'. Hypostratotype: section along the road from Cu Rng to ng L, Tuyn Ho - Minh Ho districts, Qung Bnh province. 5. a) Ct kt, 160m; b) ct kt xen phin, 90m; c) ct kt thch anh xen t thu knh st than, 175m; d) phin st than, phin silic, 75m. a) Sandstone, 160m; b) sandstone, interbeds of shale, 90m; c) quartzitic sandstone, with coaly shale lenses, 175m; d) coaly shale and cherty shale, 75m. 6. 200 - 500 m. 7. Undispirifer undiferus (b), Emanuella cf. tumida (b), Chonetes sp. (b), Stropheodonta sp. (b), Protopteridium sp. (c), Lepidodendropsidacea (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Mc Bi Conformably lying upon the Mc Bi Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 ng ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1966 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn, Cao Bng, H Giang East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, Cao Bng, H Giang provinces. 4. Km 4 ng ng ng - Na Sm, bc - ty bc ng ng, Lng Sn At 4th kilometre on the road from ng ng to Na Sm, north - northwest of ng ng townlet, Lng Sn province; x = 21o59'; y = 106o41'. 5. a) Va bauxit dng ht u, 10 - 15m; b) silic, silic - vi, 20m; c) vi vn, loang l, 20 - 25m; d) vi, vi silic kp nhng lp st hoc silic, 100m. a) Seam of pisolitic bauxite, 10 - 15m; b) chert, calcareous chert, 20m; c) variegated limestone, 20 - 25m; d) limestone, siliceous limestone, interbeds of cherty or clay shale, 100m. 6. 150 - 350 m. 7. Codonofusiella sp. (c, d), Nankinella sp. (c), Palaeofusulina prisca (d), Colaniella parva (d), Reichelina media (d), R. pulchra (d), Neoendothyra

eostaffelloides (d), N. dongdangensis (d), Pachyphloia sp. (d). 8. Bt chnh hp trn cc mc khc nhau ca Ht. Mi (Bc Sn: Carbon - Permi) v bt chnh hp di Ht. Lng Sn (Trias h) Unconformably lying upon different levels of the Mi (Bc Sn Fm: Carboniferous - Permian) and unconformably underlying the Lng Sn Fm (Lower Triassic) 9. Bin Marine. 10. vi en Lng Nc cha Palaeofusulina prisca: Deprat J. 1913 (ng ngha); ip Nh To: Phm nh Long 1975 (ng ngha) Lng Nc black limestone bearing Palaeofusulina prisca: Deprat J. 1913 (synonym); Nh To Suite: Phm nh Long 1975 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. Mareichev A. (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965).

3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Thanh Ho v Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ho and Ngh An Provinces. 4. Vng ng v sui Ngn Su, on gn bn ph i Li; x = 1813, y = 10546 ng area, and Ngn Su Stream, near the i Li ferry landing. 5. a) Cui kt v sn kt thch anh, lp kp bt kt v st kt, 45 m; b) ct kt thch anh, lp kp bt kt, 45 m; c) sn kt, ct kt thch anh, lp kp bt kt, 65 m; d) bt kt, st kt, t st than v thu knh than, 60 m; e) bt kt, st kt, lp kp ct kt, 35 m; f) bt kt, st kt, st than, 50 m a) Quartz conglomerate and gritstone, interbeds of siltstone and claystone, 45 m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 45 m; quartz gritstone and sandstone, a little siltstone, 65 m; d) siltstone, claystone, some coaly shale and lenses of coal, 60 m; e) siltstone, claystone, a little sandstone, 35 m; f) siltstone, claystone, coaly shale, 50 m. 6. 325 - 350 m. 7. Taeniopteris jourdyi (d), Pterophyllum halinhense (d), Gervillia sp. (d), Modiolus sp. (d), Czekanovskia cf. rigida (d).

8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi, chnh hp di Ht. Ni Xc tui Jura Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic sediments, conformably under Jurassic Ni Xc Fm. 9. Lc a cha than Continental, coal-bearing. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 ng Giao (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Ty, Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Ty and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. Vng nng trng ng Giao ng Giao Farm area; x = 2010; y = 10552. 5. a) vi xm sm phn lp mng, 400-450 m; b) vi xm sng dng khi, 250-550 m a) Dark-grey thin-bedded limestone, 400-450 m; b) light-grey massive limestone, 250-550 m. 6. 650 - 1100 m.

7. Pseudomonotis (?) michaeli (a), Mentzelia mentzelii (a), Cuccoceras cuccense (b), Paraceratites subtrinodosus (b), Daonella elongata (b), D. sturi (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. C Ni tui Trias sm, chnh hp di Ht. Nm Thm tui Lain Conformably lying upon Lower Triassic C Ni Fm., conformably under Ladinian Nm Thm Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. vi Antracolit: Dussault 1929 (khng hp l); ip Vnh Lc: V Khc v nnk 1972 (ng ngha). L h tng gia ca lot Sn La Anthracolitic limestone: Dussault 1921 (invalid); Vnh Lc Suite: V Khc et al 1972 (synonym). Being the middle formation of the Sn La Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998. ng Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Phm Vn Quang (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975) (ip - Suite).

3. ng Bc B (I.1), huyn Honh B, v ng Triu Qung Ninh; Xun Ho, Vnh Phc. East Bc B (I.1), Honh B and ng Triu Districts, Qung Ninh Province; Xun Ho, Vnh Phc Province. 4. Sui ng Ho v ng Tri - Bng B ng Ho stream and road from Tri to Bng B, x = 2103, y = 10701. 5. a) Cui kt, 25-130m; b) sn kt v ct kt, 10100m; c) bt kt v phin tm du, than, 1870m; d) ct kt ht va, 10-30m; e) ct kt ht mn, cui kt v sn kt, 8m; g) st kt vi cc thu knh ct kt, sn kt v cui kt, 60-70m; h) ct kt v bt kt, 10m a) Conglomerate, 25-130m; b) gristone and sandstone, 10-100m; c) siltstone and oil shale, coal, 18-70m; d) medium-grained sandstone, 1030m; e) fine sandstone, conglomerate and gritstone, 8m; g) claystone with lenses of sandstone, gritstone and conglomerate, 60-70m; h) sandstone and siltstone, 10m. 6. 136-330 m. 7. Phc h thc vt cn nhit i m Quercus cf. lobbii - Diospyros brachysepala hoc Q. cf. lobbii Artocarpus (c), vn thc vt ho than (d),

Pecopteris totangensis, Quercus sp., Liquidambar sp., Rhus sp., Equisetum sp., Gleichenia sp. (g) Assemblage of humid subtropical vegetation Quercus cf. lobbii - Diospyros brachysepala or Q. cf. lobbii - Artocarpus (c); phytoleima (d); Pecopteris totangensis, Quercus sp., Liquidambar sp., Rhus sp., Equisetum sp., Gleichenia sp. (g). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. H Ci (J1-2) Conformably upon the H Ci Fm. (J1-2) 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965 (khng hp thc); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (khng hp thc); Ht. Na Dng: Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk., 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk., 1989) (ng ngha). Neogene (part): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Miocene: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al.) , 1977 (invalid); Na Dng Fm.: Trinh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al., 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al., 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998. ng Hi (H tng, Formation)

1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Komarova N.I., Phm Vn Hi, 1980 (Miocen mun; ip - Suite); Trnh Dnh, Phm Vn Hi, 1994 (H tng, Formation) 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng Hi (Qung Bnh Province), Hu, i Lc (Qung Nam). North Trung B (II.2); ng Hi (Qung Bnh Province), Hu, i Lc (Qung Nam Province). 4. L khoan 237 ti ng Hi (Komarova N.I., Phm Vn Hi, 1980). Mt ct b sung theo khoan khu vc i Ngha (Qung Nam) v L Ninh, Ba n (Qung Bnh) Hole N0237 at ng Hi (Komarova N.I., Phm Vn Hi, 1980); x = 1730, y = 10635. Supplementary sections from holes at i Ngha (Qung Nam Province), L Ninh and Ba n (Qung Bnh Province). 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, xen mt s lp ct kt, 30150m; b) st bt kt cha kaolin, 5-120m, c) st kt v bt kt, cha cc lp cui kt v sn kt, 5-100m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, some interbeds of sandstone, 30-160m; b) silty-claystone bearing kaolin, 5-120m; c) siltstone and claystone with interbeds of conglomerate and gristone, 50-100m. 6. 80-330 m

7. Phc h Bo t phn hoa gm: Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Cystopteris sp., Ginkgo sp., Pinus sp., Magnolia sp., Araliaceae gen. indet., Castanea sp., Rhus sp., Castanopsis sp., Myrtus cf. communis, vt in l ca Ficus ungeri (a); cc vt in l thuc phc h thc vt Ficus beauveriei - Diospyros brachysepala, phc h Bo t phn hoa vi Filices 10%, Magnoliophyta - 85-90% (b); phc h Bo t phn hoa gm: Cycas sp., Taxodium sp., Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Carya sp. (c) Sporo-pollenic assemblage including Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Cystopteris sp., Ginkgo sp., Pinus sp., Magnolia sp., Araliaceae gen. indet., Castanea sp., Rhus sp., Castanopsis sp., Myrtus cf. communis, imprints of leaves Ficus ungeri (a); imprints of leaves from Ficus beauveriei Diospyros brachysepala assemblage, sporopollenic assemblage with Filices - 10%, Magnoliophyta- 85-90% (b); sporo-pollenic assemblage including Cycas sp., Taxodium sp., Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Carya sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. i Giang (S2), Ht. A Chc (D1) hoc Ht. Phong Sn (D3-C1) Unconformably upon the i Giang Fm. (S2), A Chc Fm. (D1) or Phong Sn (D3-C1). 9. Lc a Continental.

10. Ht. i Ngha: Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk. 1985 (ng ngha) i Ngha Fm.: Nguyn Vn Trang et al. 1985 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999. ng M (Lot, Group) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. V Khc, 1980. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn v Bc Giang East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn and Bc Giang Provinces. 5. Bao gm cc h tng Lng Sn v Bc Thu Including Lng Sn and Bc Thu Formations. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999. ng Tru (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triasic, Anisian. 2. Jamoia v Mareichev (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965).

3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh v Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Trn ng t ng Nng n lng M, vng ng Tru, nam Thanh Ho; x = 1942, y = 10527 On the earth road from ng Nng to M village, ng Tru area, south Thanh Ho. 5. a) Cui kt c s, ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, ryolit, ryoacit, porphyr thch anh, 170m; b) ct kt, lp kp bt kt v phin st, 190 m; c) ct kt, lp kp cui kt v bt kt, 200 m; d) bt kt, ct kt, lp kp phin st-silic en, t tuf, 490 m a) Basal conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, rhyolite, rhyodacite, quartz porphyry, 170 m; b) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 190m; c) sandstone, interbeds of conglomerate and siltstone, 200 m; d) siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of cherty shale, minor tuffs, 490 m. 6. 1050 - 2800 m. 7. Balatonites cf. balatonicus (b), Acrochordiceras sp. (b), Cuccoceras annamiticum (b), Paraceratites sp. (d), Amphipopanoceras aff. A. dzeginense (d), Costatoria curvirostris (d), Daonella laluensis (d).

8. Ranh gii di khng r, chnh hp di h tng Hong Mai tui Anisi mun Lower boundary unknown, conformably lying under Late Anisian Hong Mai Fm. 9. Bin nng, trm tch - ngun ni la Marine, shallow-water, volcanogeno sedimentary. 10. phin Trias: Jacob 1921 (mt phn) (khng hp thc). L h tng di ca lot Qu Chu Triassic shales: Jacob 1921 (part.) (invalid). Being the lower formation of the Qu Chu Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998. ng Vn (Srie) 1. Carbon - Trias Carboniferous - Triassic. 2. Deprat J., 1915. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sng Hin Synonym of Sng Hin Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 ng H (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia (?)

Middle Triassic (?) 2. V Mnh in, 1999. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr Province. 4. Vng ni ng H ng H Mt area; x = 16o47, y = 106o53 5. a) Cui kt c s, 15 m; b) ct bt kt, 35 m; c) ct kt ht va, 75 m; d) ryolit porphyr, 150 m; e) ct kt ht va, 60 m; f) vi trng xm, 30 m; g) st vi, 45 m; h) ct kt ht va xen lp kp st vi, 55 m; i) st vi xen lp kp st kt, 20 m a) Basal conglomerate, 75 m; b) silty sandstone, 35 m; c) medium-grained sandstone, 75 m; d) porphyritic rhyolite, 150 m; e) medium-grained sandstone, 60 m; f) white-grey limestone, 30 m; g) marl, 45 m; h) medium-grained sandstone, interbeds of marl, 55 m; i) marl, interbeds of claystone, 20 m. 6. 450 - 485 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc h tng Paleozoi Unconformably overlying Paleozoic formations. 9. Trm tch - ngun ni la, bin Volcanogeno - sedimentary, marine. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1999.

 ng Ton (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi Permian 2. V Mnh in, 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr Province 4. Dc sui Tin Hin (phn h tng di) v theo sui Bng Kho (phn h tng trn); x = 16o47, y = 106o43 Along Tin Hin stream (lower subformation), and along Bng Kho stream (upper subformation). 5. Phn h tng di: a) Cui kt c s vi cui khng u, 10m; b) ct kt, xen ct kt tuf, 120m; c) ct kt ht nh, 10m; d) ct kt tuf, 30m; e) tuf anesit, 40m; f) ct kt tuf ht nh, 45m. Phn h tng trn: a) anesitobazan, 300m; b) dm cui ni la, 40m; c) anesitobazan, 70m; d) anesit, 55m; e) ct kt xen bt kt, 50m. Lower subformation: a) Basal conglomarate with irregular pebbles, 10m; b) sandstone, interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone, 120m; c) fine-grained sandstone, 10m; d) tuffaceous sandstone, 30m; e) andesitic tuff, 40m; f) fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone, 45m. Upper subformation: a) andesitobasalt, 300m; b) volcanic breccia, 40m; c) light gray, greenish

andesitobasalt, 70m; d) light gray andesite, 55m; e) intercalation of sandstone and siltstone, 50m. 6. 750 m. 7. Hu bin - Crinoidea: Cyclocyclicus sp., San h Coral: Waagenophyllidae. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Long i, b granit Qu Sn xuyn ct. Unconformably overlying Long i Fm., penetrated by Qu Sn granite (P2-T1) 9 Trm tch ni la Volcanogeno - sedimentary. 10. ng ngha (?) ca h tng A Lin A junior synonym (?) of the A Lin Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh . 12. 12/1999. n Dng (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun Late Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1979 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Ph Yn, Khnh Ho, Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun v B Ra - Vng Tu

South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Ph Yn, Khnh Ho, Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun and B Ra - Vng Tu Provinces. 4. Vng n Dng, trn ng t Phim Nn i Nha Trang; x = 1146, y = 10828 n Dng area, along the road from Phim Nn to Nha Trang. 5. a) Cui kt, si kt, sn kt arkos, tufit, bt kt nu , thu knh ryolit, 250 m; b) acit porphyr (SiO2 = 61.58 - 74.06; Na2O + K2O = 5.31 - 10.67) t ryolit v felsit porphyr, lp kp ct kt v bt kt tuf, thu knh anesit, tuf anesit, 350-450 m; c) ct kt v bt kt tuf, st kt nu , 150 m; d) acit porphyr, tuf acit, ryoacit porphyr, ryolit, 300 m; e) ryolit porphyr, 200 m a) Conglomerate, gravelstone, arkosic gritstone, tuffite, red-brown siltstone, lenses of rhyolite, 250 m; b) porphyritic dacite (SiO2 = 61.58 - 74.06; Na2O + K2O = 5.31 - 10.67), a little porphyritic rhyolite and felsite, interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone, lenses of andesite and andesitic tuff, 350-450 m; c) sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, red-brown claystone, 150 m; d) porphyritic dacite, dacitic tuff, porphyritic rhyodacite, rhyolite, 300 m; e) porphyritic rhyolite, 200 m. 6. 1250 - 1350 m.

7. Lygodium sp. (c), Picea sp. (c), Cedrus sp. (c), Schizosporites sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. o Bo Lc tui Jura mun Unconformably lying upon Upper Jurassic o Bo Lc Fm. 9. Ngun ni la lc a Continental, volcanogenic. 10. Ht. a Pren: Belouxov A. v nnk 1984 (ng ngha); Ht. Lc Lm: Belouxov A. v nnk 1984 (ng ngha) a Pren Fm.: Belousov et al 1984 (synonym); Lc Lm Fm.: Belousov et al 1984 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 ray Linh (Phn lot, Subgroup) 1. Jura sm Early Jurassic. 2. V Khc v nnk, 1983 (ip - Suite); V Khc, Ct Nguyn Hng, Nguyn Vnh, Cng D (Phn lot - Subgroup). 5. L hp phn nm di ca lot Bn n, bao gm cc Ht. c Bng v c Krng

Being the lower component of the Bn n Group, including c Bng and c Krng Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

E.
Ea Sp (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura gia Middle Jurassic. 2. V Khc, Bi Ph M, Trn Tnh, (trong V Khc, 1993). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Ph Yn, c Lc v Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Ph Yn, c Lc and Khnh Ho Provinces 4. Sui Ea Sp v Ya Hleo, vng Ea Sp Ea Sp and Ya Hleo Streams, Ea Sp area; x = 1310, y = 10756. 5. a) Ct kt, t bt kt nu , 80 m; b) bt kt nu , thu knh phin st v bt kt mu xm nht, t ct kt, 40 m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt nu , 60 m; d) bt kt nu , t ct kt, 280 m

a) Sandstone, a little chocolate siltstone, 80 m; b) chocolate siltstone, lenses of light-grey clay shale and siltstone, a little sandstone, 40 m; c) sandstone, interbeds of chocolate siltstone, 60 m; d) chocolate siltstone, some sandstone, 280 m. 6. 460 m. 7. Tutuella rotunda (b), T. sp. (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. c Krng tui Jura sm Conformably lying upon Lower Jurassic c Krng Fm., 9. Lc a, sng-h Continental, fluvio-lacustrine. 10. Hp phn tng lc a thuc phn trn ca lot Bn n, tng ng phn lot La Ng Being the continental component of the upper part of the Bn n Group, equivalent to the La Ng Subgroup. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999

F.
Fansipan (Orthogneis, Orthogneiss) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic.

2. Fromaget J., 1937 (Lot th 2 ca vt liu Huron). 10. Hin nay c xp vo xm nhp thuc cc phc h Mng Hum, Po Sen, Y Yn Sun. Attributed at present to different intrusive complexes, namely Mng Hum, Po Sen and Y Yn Sun. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 Fusulin ( vi, Limestone) 1. Carbon - Permi Carboniferous - Permian. 2. Douvill H. 1906 (Anthracolithique). 10. Khng hp thc; ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Invalid, synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998

H.
H Ci (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia

Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. Jamoia A., 1962 (mt phn - part.). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Bc Giang v Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh, Lng Sn, Bc Giang and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. ng t H Ci i Tn Mi Along the road from H Ci to Tn Mi; x = 2132; y = 10745. 5. a) Cui kt c s, lp kp bt kt tm, 50m; b) ct kt thch anh, lp kp bt kt, 200 m; c) bt kt nu , lp kp bt kt xm en, 30m; d) ct kt thch anh, 110 m; e) bt kt nu , lp kp ct kt, thu knh vi st, 120 m; f) bt kt nu , lp kp ct kt, 360 m; g) ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 116 m; h) bt kt nu , lp kp ct kt, 190 m a) Basal conglomerate, interbeds of violetish siltstone, 50m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 200 m; c) chocolate siltstone, interbeds of black-grey siltstone, 30m; d) quartz sandstone, 110m; e) chocolate siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, lenses of clayish limestone, 120 m; f) chocolate siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 360 m; g) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 116 m; h) chocolate siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 190 m. 6. 1186 - 1850 m.

7. Anomozamites sp. (c), Coniopteris sp. (e), Podozamites sp. (e), Czekanowskia cf. rigida (g), Cladophlebis haiburnensis (g), Sagenopteris sp. (g), Phoenicopsis sp. (g). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi v Trias thng, v di Ht. Bn Hang tui Creta Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic and Upper Triassic sediments, unconformably under Cretaceous Bn Hang Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. mu Ret: Patte 1927 (khng hp l); Inosinias thng: Fromaget 1934 (khng hp l) Rhaetian Red Beds: Patte 1927 (invalid); Upper Indosinias: Fromaget 1934 (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 H Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri gia Middle Cambrian. 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Lame de Ha Giang); Trn Vn Tr 1975 (H tng H Giang). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Lo Cai

East Bc B (I.1); H Giang and Lo Cai provinces. 4. V Xuyn (t Lng Lp n chn cu Yn Bin), gn th x H Giang V Xuyn area, from Lng Lp village to the Yn Bin bridge, near H Giang town; x = 22049'; y = 104057'. 5. a) phin biotit - thch anh c granat, phin sericit - clorit c vt cht than, thu knh vi hoa ha, 600m; b) vi dm kt xen lp mng phin sericit, 100m; c) phin st - sericit c vt cht than (shungit), phylit, vi, 400m; d) vi trng c xen nhng lp phylit vi c sericit, 200m; e) phin st - sericit xen lp mng bt kt hoc thu knh vi, 300m; f) phin bt kt xen vi, 500m. a) Quartz - biotite schist bearing garnet, carbonaceous chlorite - sericite schist, marbleized limestone lenses, 600m; b) brecciated limestone, thin interbeds of sericite schist, 100m; c) carbonaceous sericite - clay schist (shungite) phyllite, limestone, 400m; d) oolithic limestone, interbeds of calcareous sericite phyllite, 200m; e) sericite - clay schist, thin interbeds of siltstone and limestone lenses, 300m; f) clay shale, siltstone, limestone interbeds, 500m. 6. 800 - 2100 m.

7. Algae (d), Annamitia sp. (f), Paracoosia mansuyi (f), Damesella paronai (f), Damesops biloba (f), Pseudagnostus(?) sp. (f), Inarticulata (Brachiopoda) (f). 8. Bt chnh hp (?) trn Ht. Sng Chy v chnh hp di Ht Chang Pung Unconformably (?) overlying the Sng Chy Fm. and conformably underlying the Chang Pung Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Srie Cc Pi: Deprat J. 1915 (khng hiu lc); Ht. Pha Long (phn thp): ovjikov A. E. 1965 (ng ngha) Cc Pi Srie: Deprat J. 1915 (invalid); Pha Long Fm. (lower part): Dovzhikov A. E. 1965 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 2/1998 H Ni (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene; C14 : 30,155 300 years. 2. Hong Ngc K, 1976.

3. ng Bc B, Sng Hng v Bc Trung B (I.1, I.2 v II.2); ng bng Bc B v ng bng Thanh-Ngh. East Bc B, Sng Hng and North Trung B (I.1, I.2 and II..2); Bc B Plain and Thanh-Ngh Plain. 4. Thm bc 2 sng Hng cc vng Kim Anh, a Phc, Lm Thao, Tam Nng..; x=21010, y=105o50 Terrace 2 of the Red River at Kim Anh, a Phc, Lm Thao, Tam Nng etc. areas. 5. a) Cui, si, 4-45 m; b) dm - si thch anh - silic, xen cui, si. 10-15 m. a) Pebble, granule, 4-45 m; b) quartz-cherty breccia-granule interbebded with pebble and granule, 10-15 m. 6. 14-60 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc c Unconformably lying upon old sediments. 9. L tch - bi tch Proluvio-alluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 8/1999. H Tin (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi sm - gia. Early - Middle Permian.

2. L Th Vin, Fontaine H. 1959 (Les calcaires de Hatin, Koungurien); Nguyn Xun Bao (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990: h tng H Tin). 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang province. 4. Ni Cm v ni X Ngch, H Tin, Kin Giang; x = 10o16'; y = 104o35'. Cm and X Ngch Mts, H Tin Townlet, Kin Giang province. 5. a) vi i ni b ti kt tinh, 40m; b) vi xen nhng lp st vi, 80 - 120m; c) phin vi xen nhng lp st vi, 200m. a) Limestone, locally crystallizated, 40m; b) limestone, interbeds of marl, 80 - 120m; c) calcareous shale, interbeds of marl, 200m. 6. 300 - 350 m. 7. Crinoidea (a), Neoschwagerina margaritae (b), Verbeekina verbeeki (b), Afghanella sumatrinaeformis (b, c), Sumatrina annae (b), Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida (b), Codonofusiella sp. (b), Parafusulina sp. (b), Neoschwagerina margaritae (b, c), Lepidolina multiseptata (c), Nankinella sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht Hn Heo Conformably (?) overlying the Hn Heo Fm.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 H Tu (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Zeiller R., 1903. 8. Hin oc xp vo Ht. Hn Gai Attributed at present to the Hn Gai Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999. H Lang (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Srie de Ha Lang). 3. ng Bc B (I.1), huyn Trng Khnh, Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1), Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province. 4. Mt ct N Qun - Bng Ca, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng; x = 22o47'; y = 106o46' N Qun - Bng Ca section, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province. 5. a) vi ht mn xen nhng lp mng phin silic, 80m; b) vi ht mn xen cc lp vi ti

kt tinh ht nh, i khi c nhng lp mng silic, 140 - 150m; c) vi ht mn, 110 - 130m. a) Fine-grained limestone, thin interbeds of chert, 80m ; b) fine-grained limestone, thin interbeds of small-grained recrystallized limestone, sometimes thin interbeds of chert, 140 - 150m; c) fine-grained limestone, 110 - 130m. 6. 350 m. 7. Amphipora ramosa (a), Dendrostella trigeme (a), Tabulophyllum sp. (a); Amphipora sp. (b), Stringocephalus cf. burtini (b). Dng Xun Ho et al. (1975): Amphipora ramosa (a,b), Thamnopora polygonalis (a,b), Caliapora battersbyi (a,b), Pseudomicroplasma cf. fongi (a,b), P. cf. uralica (a,b), Stringocephalus burtini (a,b). 8. Phn trn ca lot Bn Pp; hin c xp vo Ht. Hn Gai Upper part of the Bn Pp Group, Attributed at present to Hn Gai Fm. 9. Tng bin Marine. 10. Bourret R. (1922) m t Srie de Ha Lang" gm phin silic (lydiennes), vi silic v vi cha san h Givet. Phm nh Long 1975 m t ip" Bng Ca, vi phn di ng vi Ht. H Lang do

Bourret (1922) xc lp. Xem xt tnh cht mt ct v v tr ca vi cha Stringocephalus burtini trong th Srie de Ha Lang" hay Ht. H Lang c tui Givet v c coi l thnh phn trn cng ca lot Bn Pp. Bourret R. (1922) described Srie de Ha Lang" including chert (lydiennes), siliceous limestone and limestone bearing Givetian corals. Phm nh Long (1975) established the Bng Ca Suite", the lower part of which corresponds to Srie de Ha Lang". Judging the characteristics of the formation sequences and the position of Stringocephalus burtini in it, the Srie de Ha Lang" or H Lang Fm. must be Givetian in age, and it is the upper component of the Bn Pp Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 H Lang (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian 2. Tng Duy Thanh 1993; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 (tng, Unifying Horizon) 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai,

East Bc B (I.1): H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng, Hi Dng Provinces. West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai Provinces. 5. Phn v thi a tng khu vc, hp nht cc phn v tui Givet Bc B, ch yu l vi, i khi c xen vi silic cha phc h ho thch Caliapora battersbyi - Stringocephalus burtini v l bc trn cng ca lin bc Bn Pp Chronostratigraphic unit unifying Givetian Formations distributed in North Vit Nam, and consisting mainly of limestone bearing Caliapora battersbyi - Stringocephalus Assemblage; it is the uppermost regional stage of Bn Pp Superstage. 7. Phc h Caliapora battersbyi - Stringocephalus Caliapora battersbyi - Stringocephalus Assemblage 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 2/1998 H Long (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon sm, Turnai Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1974. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Con Voi: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967

Synonym of Con Voi Fm.: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 1. 8/1998 Hi Dng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm Early Pleistocene. 2. Golovenok V.K. v L Vn Chn (trong L Vn C v nnk. 1985). 3. ng Bc B v Sng Hng (I.1, I.2); ng bng Bc B. East Bc B and Sng Hng zone (I.1, I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.8, cch th x Hi Dng 3km v pha ty nam Hole LK.8, 3km southwest of Hi Dng Town; x = 20o55, y = 106o22. 5. Ch yu l ht th: cui, si, ct Mainly of coarse-grained sediments: pebble, granule and sand. 6. 35 - 40 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Neogen v di trm tch Pleistocen trung

Unconformably lying upon Neogene sediments and under Middle Pleistocene sediments. 9. Sng, sng bin Fluvial, fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Hi Hng (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen sm gia; C14 = 7190 85 - 4145 50 nm Lower-Middle Holocene; C14 = 7190 85 - 4145 50 years. 2. Hong Ngc K, 1978 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.9 Gia Lc, Hi Dng Hole LK.9 at Gia Lc, Hi Dng Province; x = 2054, y = 10619. 5. a) Ct bt, c di tch thc vt, mnh v Thn mm, mnh g; 10,4m; b) st bt xm en, thc vt ho than bn; 6,1m. a) Silty sand with remains of plant, wood and mollusc shells, 11.4m; b) dark gray silty clay bearing plant detritus, 6.1m. 6. 4-52 m.

7. Rhodomyrtus sp. (a), Balanus sp. (a); Ammonia beccari (b); Celanthus craticulatus (b), Quinqueloculina seminulina (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Vnh Phc (QIII3) v di Ht. Thi Bnh (QIV3) Unconformably lying upon Vnh Phc Fm. (QIII3) and under Thi Bnh Fm (QIV3). 9. Bin, m ly, h, sng Marine, swampy, lacustrine, fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Hm Rng (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri mun - Orovic sm Late Cambrian - Early Ordovician. 2. Jacob C. 1921 (Calcaires du Pont d' Ham Rong). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu provinces. 4. Ni Bo (nh 80) n n B Triu, Hong Ha, Thanh Ha; x = 19o54'; y = 105o49' Bo Mt. (summit 80) to B Triu Temple, Hong Ha district, Thanh Ha province. 5. a ) vi ct xen bt kt vi, vi vi ht xen st

vi v vi st, 350m; b) vi silic, 80m; c) vi silic cu to trng c xen ct kt vi, phn trn l phin st xen st vi, vi, 170m. a) Sandy limestone and interbedded with calcareous siltstone, microgranular limestone, marl and clayish limestone, 350m; b) siliceous limestone, 80m; c) oolithic siliceous limestone, interbeds of calcareous sandstone and clay shale, marl, limestone in the upper part, 170m. 6. 500 - 1100 m. 7. Billingsella sp. (b), Mansuyia sp. (b), Proceratopyge (?) sp. (b), Saukia sp. (b), Prosaukia sp. (b, c), Huenella sp. (c), Pseudokoldinia sp. (c), Calvinella walcotti (c). 8. Chnh hp vi Ht. Sng M nm di v Ht ng Sn nm trn Conformably lying between the underlying Sng M Fm. (Middle Cambrian) and the overlying ng Sn Fm. (Lower Ordovician) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. in L: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (ng ngha) in L Fm.: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 2/1998

 Hang Mon (H tng, Formation) 1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., 1969 (tng - horizon); Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk), 1989 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); Hang Mon v T Vn (Sn La), ng Giao (Ninh Bnh). West Bc B (I.3); Hang Mon and T Vn Communes (Sn La Province), ng Giao (Ninh Bnh Province). 4. M than Hang Mon, Sn La Hang Mon coal mine, Sn La Province; x = 2100, y = 10414. 5. a) Cui kt, ct kt (ch yu), bt kt vi, thu knh ct kt vi v sn kt cha cui, khong 25m; b) bt kt, st kt, than nu hoc travertin, 60-90m; c) st vi, ct kt vi v bt kt vi, 20m a) Conglomerate, sandstone (dominant), calcareous siltstone, lenses of calcareous sandstone and pebble-bearing gritstone, about 25m; b) siltstone, clay shale, brown coal or travertine, 60-90m; c) marl, calcareous sandstone and siltstone, 20m. 6. 85-130 m.

7. Vt in l ca cc phc h Diospyros brachysepala Bauhinia v Typha latissima - Graminiphyllum Najas (b); vt in l ca cc phc h Quercus lantenoisi - Neolitsea magnifica (hoc Q. cf. nerriifolia), Metasequoia - Graminiphyllum (hoc Glyptostrobus - Carpinus cf. cuspidens) v Quercus - Persea - Libocedrus, Chn bng Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis, V. aff. quadratus, Tulotoma sp. (c) Imprints of leaves of Diospyros brachysepala Bauhinia assemblage and Typha latissima Graminiphyllum - Najas assemblage (b); imprints of leaves of Quercus lantenoisi - Neolitsea magnifica (or Q. cf. neriifolia) assemblage, Metasequoia - Graminiphyllum (or Glyptostrobus Carpinus cf. cuspidens) assemblage, Quercus Persea - Libocedrus assemblage, Gastropoda: Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis, V. aff. quadratus, Tulotoma sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. ng Giao (T2) Unconformably upon the ng Giao Fm. (T2). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen: ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965 (khng hp l); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (khng hp l); ip Hang Mon (N13) v H lp ct kt, bt kt Pliocen h: Trn

nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh 1975; Trnh Dnh 1979, 1980, 1985 (ng ngha); ip Hang Mon (N13) v h tng Ph c (N21): Trnh Dnh 1993 (ng ngha). Neogene: Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (invalid); Hang Mon Suite (N13) and Lower Pliocene sandstone, siltstone beds: Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh 1975; Trnh Dnh 1979, 1980, 1985; (synonym); Hang Mon Suite (N13) and Ph c Fm. (N21): Trnh Dnh 1993 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Hu Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen gia (C14: 5550 80 nm v 8200 100 nm) Middle Holocene (C14: 5550 80 years and 8200 100 years). 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1995. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan Thnh ph Cn Th Hole at Cn Th City; x = 1002, y = 10547. 5. a) Ct pha bt, st, t cui si; b) bt, st

a) Sand mixed with silt, clay, a little pebble and granule; b) silt, clay. 6. 15 m. 7. Asterorotalia pulchella (a,b), Ammonia annectens (a,b), Pseudorotalia schroeteriana (a,b), Elphidium crispum (a). 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Trm tch bin tin Holocen trung: Nguyn Ngc, Nguyn c Tng, 1983 (ng ngha). Middle Holocene trangressive deposits: Nguyn Ngc, Nguyn c Tng, 1983 (synonym). 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 H lp cha ho thch Napeng (Napeng Fauna Beds) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Deprat J., 1915. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sui Bng Synonym of the Sui Bng Fm. 11. V Khc.

12. 1/1999 H lp cha Myophoria napengensis (Myophoria napengensis Beds) 1. Trias mun, Nori Late Triassic, Norian. 2. Fromaget J., 1935. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sui Bng Synonym of Sui Bng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Ho Bnh (Tng vn ho, Cultural Horizon) 1. Pleistocen mun - Holocen sm; C14 = 12.000 11.000 nm Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene; C14 = 12.000 11.000 years. 2. Colani M. 1927 3. Ty Bc B (I.3) v Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ho v Qung Bnh West Bc B (I.3) and North Trung B (II.2); Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ho and Qung Bnh Provinces. 4. Gm 10 hang ng: Distributed in 10 caves, namely: Xm Gi, Mng Khang, Ching Xn,

Xm Khn, Lng No, H B, Lng Bng, Lng V, So ng, Mng Chung. 5. a) Lp sinh th nm trn y hang, 0.2m; b) bt cha cng c, 0.5m; c) st, bt vi mu cha cng c, 0.4-1m a) Biogenic soil lying upon the cave floor, 0.2m; b) implement-bearing silt, 0.5m; c) clay, chocolate marl bearing implements, 0.4-1m. 6. 1-2 m. 7. b) Cng c cui gh o, trang sc, mnh gm, xng ng vt v di tch tro than; c) cng c cui, xng ng vt b) Implements of struck pebble, ornaments, ceramic pieces, animal bones and remains; c) implements, animal bones. 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi Trias Unconformably lying upon Triassic limestone. 9. Hang ng Cave 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 12/1998 Hong Mai (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi mun Middle Triassic, Late Anisian.

2. Jamoia v Mareichev (trong ovjikov A., 1965, Trias mun, Ret). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ho v Ngh An North Trung B (II.2), Sn La, Thanh Ho and Ngh An Provinces. 4. Khi vi gn lng Hong Mai Limestone massif situated near Hong Mai village; x = 1935; 10543. 5. a) St vi xen bt kt vi, 80m; b) vi, 400450m a) Marl intercalated with calcareous siltstone, 80m; b) limestone, 400-450m. 6. 50 - 550 m. 7. Costatoria curvirostris (a), C. proharpa (a), Leiophyllites sp. (a), Coenothyris vulgaris (b), Adygella hoangmaiensis (b), Holcorhynchia bogumilorum (b), Mentzelia mentzelii (b), Endothyranella hoangmaiensis (b), Diplotremina baoi (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Tru tui Anisi, chnh hp di Ht. Quy Lng tui Lain Conformably lying upon Anisian ng Tru Fm., conformably under Ladinian Quy Lng Fm. 9. Bin

Marine. 10. vi Trias: Jacob 1921 (khng hp l); h tng ng Tru (phn trn): Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao et al 1988 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Qu Chu Triassic limestone: Jacob 1921 (invalid); ng Tru Formation (upper part): Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao et al, 1988 (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Qu Chu Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998. Hong Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm Early Pleistocene. 2. ng Trn Qun, 1995. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng bng Thanh Ngh Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ngh Tnh Plain. 4. X Hong Phong, huyn Hong Ha, tnh Thanh Ho; x = 1949, y = 10553 Hong Phong Commune, Hong Ho District, Thanh Ho Province. 5. Cui thch anh l ch yu, ln nhiu ct sn thch anh - silic

Mainly of quartz pebble, mixed with much quartz siliceous grit and sand. 6. 5-13 m. 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Sng Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Hn Chng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon - Carbon sm Devonian - Early Carboniferous 2. Phan Don Thch (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996). 10. Khng hp thc. Phn lc nguyn bn di c xp vo Ht. Hn Heo, phn vi bn trn c xp vo Ht. H Tin Invalid. The terrigenous lower part has been attributed to the Hn Heo Fm., whilst the carbonate upper part- to the H Tin Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 2/1999 Hn c (H tng, Formation)

1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Bi Minh Tm, ng Trn Huyn 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province. 4. o Hn c, qun o Hi Tc, vnh H Tin; x = 10o18, y = 104o20 Hn c Island, Hi Tc Archipelago, H Tin Gulf. 5. a) Andesitoacit, acitoanesit, 250m; b) tuf anesitoacit, tuf ryolit, tuf ryoacit, 300m; c) silic, 280m. a) Andesitodacite, dacitoandesite, 250m; b) andesitodacitic tuff, rhyolitic tuff, rhyodacitic tuff, 300m; c) chert, 280m. 6. 880 m. 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn u khng r Unknown lower and upper boundaries. 9. Ngun ni la, cung o ra lc a Volcanogenic, island arc in the continental margin. 10. Ht. Nam Du (mt phn): Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha); Ht. Hn Ngang (mt phn): Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996 (ng ngha).

Nam Du Fm. (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym); Hn Ngang Fm. (part): Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1996 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1999 Hn Gai (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. Pavlov, 1960 (trong Jamoia, 1962, ip - Suite) (Ret - Rhaetian). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh Province. 4. Khng c mt ct lin tc. Phn di (a-c) l o Ci Bu, phn gia (d-e) v phn trn (f-g) l cc m than b Qung Ninh (Nguyn Ch Hng, 1990) There is not a continuous section of the formation. Its lower part (a-c) is exposed on the Ci Bu island, the middle (d-e) and upper (f-g) parts - in the coal mines of the Qung Ninh coal basin (Nguyn Ch Hng, 1990); x = 21; y = 10720. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, lp kp bt kt v phin st, 200 m; b) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp si kt, st than, 11 va than t gi tr cng nghip, 400-450 m;

c) bt kt, ct kt, st than, 16 va than phn ln c gi tr cng nghip, 650-800 m; d) si kt, lp kp ct kt, bt kt, st than, 2-8 va than t gi tr, 240500 m; e) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp si kt, 19-23 va than phn ln c gi tr, 220-930 m; f) cui kt, ct kt, lp kp bt kt, st than, 250-300m; g) cui kt, sn kt, lp kp ct kt, bt kt, st than, 150200 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, interbeds of siltstone, shale, 200 m; b) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of gravelstone, coaly shale, 11 coal seams of small significance, 400-450 m; c) siltstone, sandstone, coaly shale, 16 coal seams with the major part of commercial value, 650-800 m; d) gravelstone, interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and coaly shale, 28 coal seams of no account, 240-500 m; e) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of gravelstone, 1923 coal seams with the major part of commercial value, 220-930 m; f) sandstone, conglomerate, interbeds of siltstone, coaly shale, 250-300 m; g) conglomerate, gritstone, interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, coaly shale, 150-200 m. 6. 2110 - 3430 m. 7. Clathropteris meniscioides (a,c,e,f,g), Podozamites lanceolatus (a,d,g), Taeniopteris nilssonioides (b,c); Dictyophyllum nathorstii (b,c,f,g), Thaumatopteris remauryi (b,e); Cycadites saladini

(b), Taeniopteris jourdyi (c,d,e,f), Glossopteris indica (d), Asterotheca cottoni (d), Taeniopteris spathulata (e), Pecopteris tonquinensis (e), Pterophyllum portali (c,e), Pterophyllum inconstans (g), Eoblattina obscura (c), Unionites damdunensis (e), Songdaella sp. (e). 8. Ranh gii di khng r, nm khng chnh hp di Ht. H Ci tui Jura sm - gia Lower boundary unknown, unconformably underlying Lower-Middle Jurassic H Ci Fm. 9. Lc a c mt vi lp bin xen k Continental with some marine interbeds. 10. Ht. Ci i: Zeiller R. 1903 (ng ngha); Ht. H Tu: Zeiller R. 1903 (ng ngha); Ht. K Bo: Zeiller R. 1903 (ng ngha); Ht. Nagotna: Zeiller R. 1903 (ng ngha) Ci i Fm.: Zeiller R. 1903 (synonym); H Tu Fm.: Zeiller R. 1903 (synonym); K Bo Fm.: Zeiller R. 1903 (synonym); Nagotna Fm.: Zeiller R. 1903 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Hn Heo (H tng, Formation) 1. Devon Devonian.

2. Fontaine H. 1969 (Formation de Hon Heo). 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang province. 4. Lectotyp (Nguyn Hu Hng): mi Hn Chm qua mi ng Thoa - cng Hn Chng Lectotype (chosen by Nguyn Hu Hng): from Hn Chm cap through ng Thoa cap to Hn Chng port; x = 100 11', y = 1040, 31'. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh ht nh xen cc lp mng phin cha nhiu vy mica; b) ct kt thch anh xen lun phin cc lp bt kt thch anh v st kt. a) Small-grained quartz sandstone, thin interbeds of schist bearing mica scales; b) regular intercalation of quartz sandstone, quartz siltstone and clay shale. 6. 450 m. 7. Taeniocrada?, Psilophyton ? sp., Laevigatosporites sp. (a), 8. Chnh hp di Ht. H Tin Conformably underlying the H Tin Fm. 10. Ht. Nam Du (mt phn): Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 1988) (ng ngha); Ht. Hn Chng (mt phn): Phan Don Thch (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996) (ng ngha)

Nam Du Fm. (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc (in Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao et al. 1988) (synonym); Hn Chng Fm. (part.) Phan Don Thch (in Nguen Ngc Hoa et al. 1996) (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 2/1998 Hn Mu (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta Late Jurassic - Cretaceous. 2. ng Trn Huyn, Bi Minh Tm. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang province. 4. o Hn Mu, qun o Nam Du, vnh Rch Gi Hn Mu Island, Nam Du Archipelago, Rch Gi Gulf; x = 9o37, y = 104o23. 5. a) Cui kt, ht cui ryolit, 5m; b) anesitobazan, tuf, silic, 40m; c) anesitobazan, bazan, 50m a) Conglomerate with rhyolitic pebbles, 5m; b) andesitobasalt, tuff, chert, 40m; c) andesitobasalt, basalt, 50m. 6. 100 m. 8. Cc ranh gii v trn u khng r Lower and upper boundaries unknown. 9. Bin ra

Marginal sea 10. Ht. k Lin ( qun o Nam Du): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1982 (ng ngha) k Lin Fm. (in Nam Du Archipelago): Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1982 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1999 Hn Ngang (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic 2. Fontaine H. 1969; Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Hn c: Bi Minh Tm, ng Trn Huyn Synonym of Hn c Fm.: Bi Minh Tm, ng Trn Huyn 11. V Khc, Tng Duy Thanh. 12. 6/1999 Hn Ngh (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. Bi Ph M, V Khc, 1980 (h tng Formation).

3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang province. 5. Bao gm 2 h tng: Minh Ho v Ty Hn Ngh Including 2 formations: Minh Ho and Ty Hn Ngh. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 H Tam Hoa (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - gia Middle - Late Devonian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, Trn Hu Dn 1991. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Vng H Tam Hoa (M Nhi), gn ng M, tnh Lng Sn Tam Hoa Lake area, near ng M townlet, Lng Sn Province. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, 5 - 10m; b) ct kt thch anh, bt kt, phin, phin st vi, 25m; c) vi, vi st mu xm en, xm tro, 50m; d) vi xm tro, xm sng phn lp trung bnh n dy, 200m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, 5 - 10m; b) quartz sandstone, mudstone and shale, marly shale, 25m;

c) dark gray and ash gray limestone, 50m; d) light and ash gray limestone, 200m. 7. Lepidendropsis sp. (a,b), Anthozoa, Stromatoporoidea (b,c,d) 9. Bin Marine. 10. H tng ny xem chng khng hp thc v khng p ng yu cu ca phn v thch a tng; mt ct gm hai phn c c im thch hc hon ton khc nhau. Cc tp a v b ng vi Ht. Tn Lp (xem Ht Tn Lp), cn cc tp c, d ng vi Ht. M Nhi (xem Ht M Nhi) This formation seems to be invalid; it does not correspond to a lithostratigraphic unit. The formation consists of two parts characterized by different lithological components, the members a, b correspond to Tn Lp Fm. (see Tn Lp Fm.), while members c and d correspond to M Nhi Fm. (see M Nhi Fm.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 12. 5/1999 Hng Ngi (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic.

2. Hong Xun Tnh (ip - Suite, trong V Khc v ng Trn Huyn, 1995). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang v Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1); H Giang and Cao Bng provinces. 4. Gn bn Hng Ngi (nay l Sn Thu) Near the Hng Ngi village (present name - Sn Thu); x = 2314; y = 10511. 5. a) vi st, st vi, lp kp vi, 47 m; b) vi xen vi st, 67m; c) vi, 92 m; d) vi trng c, vi olomit ha, 36 m; e) vi, 83 m. a) Clayish limestone, marl, interbeds of limestone, 47 m; b) limestone, clayish limestone, 67 m; d) oolithic and dolomitized limestones, 36 m; e) limestone, 83 m. 6. 325 - 400 m. 7. Claraia wangi (a), C. aurita (a), C. punjabiensis (a), C. stachei (a), Eumorphotis cf. multiformis (a), Glomospirella irregularis (d), Glomospira sinensis (d), G. articulosa (d), Ammodiscus incertus (d). 8. Chnh hp gi trn vi Permi, ranh gii trn khng r The lower boundary is a pseudoconformity upon Permian limestone, the upper - unknown.

9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. Phn trn Ht. Ph Bng: T Thnh Trung 1972 (ng ngha). Upper part of Ph Bng Fm.: T Thnh Trung (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Hn Qun (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian 2. Saurin E. 1962 (Les calcaires de Hon Quan). 3. Ty Nam B (IV); cc tnh Ty Ninh v Bnh Phc West Nam B (IV); Ty Ninh and Bnh Phc provinces 4. Gn cu T Thit, Bnh Phc Near T Thit Bridge, Bnh Phc Province; x = 110 45', y = 1060 26'. 5. a) vi ht nh, st vi, 50-80m; b) vi ht va xm hng, 8-10m; c) vi xm sm, 40-60m a) Small-grained limestone, marl, 50-80m; b) medium-grained pinkish-grey limestone, 8-10m; c) dark-grey limestone, 40-60m.

6. 150 m. 7. Nankinella cf. inflata (a), Reichelina cf. pulchra (a), Neoendothyra dongdangensis (a), Pachyphloia ovata (a), Palaeofusulilna prisca (c), Colaniella parva (c), Reichelina pulchra (c), R. media (c), Codonofusiella sp. (c). 8. Ranh gii di khng r, pha trn nm bt chnh hp di Ht. Sng Si Gn thuc Trias h Lower boundary unknown, unconformably underlying Sng Si Gn Fm of Lower Triassic. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Thuc phn trn ca lot T Thit Being the upper formation of the T Thit Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 6/1999 Hui Li (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - gia, Zlikhov - Givet Early - Middle Devonian, Zlikhovian - Givetian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An province.

4. Theo sui Hui Li, on t Mng Xn i Pa Kho; x = 19o16'; y = 104o09'. Along the Hui Li stream, from Mng Xn to Pa Kho. 5. a) Ct kt chuyn ln bt kt cha vi, 200m; b) phin st xen bt kt cha vi, 200m; c) phin st xen bt kt, thu knh vi, 100m; d) phin st xen bt kt c ni b sericit ha, 80m. a) Sandstone, calcareous siltstone in the upper part, 200m; b) clay shale, interbeds of calcareous siltstone, 200m; c) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone and limestone lenses, 100m; d) clay shale and siltstone interbeds, locally sericitized, 80m. 6. 600 m. 7. Calceola sandalina (a), Euryspirifer sp. (a), Howellella sp. (a), Acrospirifer sp. (a), Hexacrinites (?) humilicarinatus (a), Chaetetes yunnanensis (b), Thamnopora aff. kolodaensis (b), Trachypora aff. circulipora (b), Coenites sp. (b), Favosites sp. (b), Stromatoporoidea (c), Rugosa (c), Squameofavosites sp. (c), Cladopora sp. (c), Scoliopora sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp di Ht. Nm Cn, ranh gii di ca h tng cha quan st c Conformably underlying the Nm Cn Fm., its Lower boundary is not clear.

9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Hui Li c m t theo cc mt ct khc nhau v khng lin tc, nhng ho thch c dn ra c tui kh rng. Trong khi ch i nghin cu li, ch nn coi th a tng ny nh mt phc h thch a tng The description of the Hui Li Fm. was made in different sections from different areas, in fact, cited fossils indicate a large age. In the present situation this unit should be treated as a lithostratigraphic complex. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 4/1998 Hui Nh (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun (?) - evon sm Late Silurian (?) - Early Devonian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An province. 4. Theo sui Hui Nh (on t bn T Nam n nam bn Phc Hm 5 km) v theo sui Nm Tn (on t ca Hui Nhun n ca Hui Pha Nch), huyn K Sn, Ngh An.

Along Hui Nh stream, from T Nam village to 5 km south of Phc Hm village (x = 104o18'; y = 19o30'), and along Nm Tn stream, from Hui Nhun mouth to Hui Pha Nch mouth, K Sn district, Ngh An province. 5. a) Ct kt xen vi lp bt kt, 30m; b) phin st, phin sericit, 150m; c) ct kt xen k vi bt kt, phin sericit, 400m; d) phin st b sericit ha, 180 - 200m; e) ct kt xen bt kt, 100 - 250m; f) phin st xen bt kt, phin st than, 300m. a) Sandstone, some siltstone interbeds, 30m; b) clay shale, sericite schist, 150m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, sericite schist, 400m; d) sericitized clay shale, 180 - 200m; e) intercalation of sandstone and siltstone, 100 - 250m; f) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, coaly shale, 300m. 6. 1500 - 1900 m. 7. Brachiopoda (f), Nowakia holynensis (f), Nowakia sp. (f), Styliolina sp. (f). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sng C, ranh gii vi Ht Hui Li nm trn khng r Conformably lying upon the Sng C Fm, boundary between it and the overlying Hui Li Fm is not clear. 9. Bin Marine.

10. Ht. Sng C (part.): Mareichev A.M., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A. v nnk. 1965) (ng ngha); Ht. Hui Nh c thnh phn tng t nh Ht. Ty Trang c m t Ty Bc B, do nn coi Ht. Hui Nh l ng ngha ca Ht. Ty Trang. Sng C Fm. (part.): Mareitchev A.M., Trn c Lng (in Dovzhikov A. et al. 1965) (synonym); Ty Trang Fm.: Dovzhikov A. et al. 1965 (synonym). The Hui Nh Fm. has the same lithological composition as the Ty Trang Fm. (Dovzhikov et al. 1965) described in West Bc B. Therefore it should be treated as a junior synonym of the Ty Trang Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Hui Ren (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi Permian. 2. L Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Huron (Vt liu, Materials) 1. Proterozoi

Proterozoic. 2. Fromaget J., 1937. 10. Hin nay c xp vo cc Ht. Sui Ching v Sinh Quyn (PR1) thuc i Phan Si Pan; Ht. B Khng (PR3-1) Qu Hp; Ht. Pia Phng (S2-D1) xung quanh khi Pia Ma, v Ht. Nm C (PR3- 1 ) Ty Bc Bc B. Attributed at present to Sui Ching and Sinh Quyn Fms. (PR1) in Phan Si Pan structural zone; B Khng Fm. (PR3-1) in Qu Hp area; Pia Phng Fm. (S2-D1) around the Pia Ma massif, and Nm C Fm. in Bc B. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 Hu Chnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura gia Middle Jurassic. 2. V Khc, 1983 (ip - Suite). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. T ca Khe Rn i n lng Hu Chnh From the mouth of the Khe Rn Stream to Hu Chnh Village; x = 1547, y = 10800.

5. a) Bt kt nu , cc lp kp ct kt, 170 m; b) ct kt, cc lp kp bt kt, 50 m; c) ct kt, 40 m; d) bt kt v st kt nu , t ct kt, 40 m; e) ct kt, 200 m a) Chocolate siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 170 m; b) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 50 m; c) sandstone, 40 m; d) chocolate siltstone and claystone, some sandstone, 40 m; e) sandstone, 200 m. 6. 400 - 500 m. 7. Phyllocladoxylon vietnamense (c), Protophyllocladoxylon thylloides (c,e), Brachioxylon sp. (e). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Khe Rn tui Jura sm, ranh gii trn khng r Conformably lying upon Lower Jurassic Khe Rn Fm., upper boundary unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. t mu : Bourret R. 1925 (khng hp l). L h tng trn ca lot Th Lm Red beds: Bourret R. 1925 (invalid). Being the upper formation of the Th Lm Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999

I.
Ia Ban (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, (trong Trn Tnh v nk. 1998). 3. Trung Trung B (III.2); tnh Gia Lai Middle Trung B (III.2); Gia Lai Province, 4. Vng Ia Ban, huyn Ya Un Pa Ia Ban area, Ya Un Pa District; x = 13 0 22; y = 1080 25 5. a) Amphibolit, >1000 m; b) phin plagiogneis, >450 m; c) phin kt tinh xen hoa, calciphyr, amphibolit, >550 m a) Amphibolite, >1000 m; b) plagiogneissic schist, >450 m; c) crystalline schist, marble, calciphyre, amphibolite, >550 m. 6. > 2000 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di v trn Lower and upper boundaries unknown. 9. Bin, lc nguyn - ngun ni la. Bin cht tng amphibolit.

Marine, terrigenous - volcanogenic. Amphibolite facies of metamorphism. 10. L h tng di ca lot Ngc Linh Being the lower formation of the Ngc Linh Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng 12. 9/1998 Inosinias 1. Carbon gia, Moscovi mun - Creta mun Middle Carboniferous, Late Moscovian - Late Cretaceous. 2. Fromaget J. 1934 10. Thut ng li thi. Fromaget xc lp phn v Inosinias ch cc trm tch lc a v lc a tui Moscovi mun - Creta mun gm ba phn: a) Inosinias h gm cc phun tro xen ct kt, i khi c nhng di vi, tui Moscovi mun Carni, phn b rng ri Bc B, Thng v H Lo, Trung B v Campuchia; b) Inosinias trung bao gm cc trm tch lc a mu tui Trias mun, gm c cc trm tch cha than Nori, phn b Phong Xa Ly (Lo) v Nho Quan (Bc B); Inosinias thng bao gm cc trm tch lc a tui Jura, Creta Phn M, Hn Gay, Nng Sn cng nh nhng th a tng gi l "Trm tch mu

 thng" (Terrain Rouge Suprieur) v "Ct kt thng" (Grs Suprieur), phn b Lo, Campuchia v ng Bc B, Trung B. Kt qu nghin cu gn y cho thy khi nim ny khng ng vi thc t v nhng th a cht nu trn c m t li di nhng tn phn v a tng khc nhau thuc cc tng khc nhau. Old term. Fromaget J. established the Indosinias, which includes Upper Moscovian - Upper Cretaceous continental and subcontinental tripartite beds: a) Lower Indosinias consisting of Upper Moscovian - Carnian effusive rocks, interbeds of sandstone, some limestone bands, extended in Bc B, Upper and Lower Laos, Trung B and Kampuchea; b) Middle Indosinias composed of Upper Triassic Red continental deposits, including Norian coal - bearing deposits in Phong Xa Ly (Laos) and Nho Quan (Bc B); c) Upper Indosinias consisting of Jurassic and Cretaceous coal - bearing deposits in Phn M, Hn Gai, Nng Sn, and Upper Red Beds" (Terrain Rouge Suprieur) and Upper Sandstone" (Grs Suprieur), extended in Laos, Kampuchea and East Trung B. Recent studies show that the term Indosinias" does not correspond to the stratigraphic sequences in the regional geology. The above - mentioned strata have been restudied and described as different formations of different facies.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 4/1998

K.
Kan Nack (Lot, Group) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 (Phc h - Complex) 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai v Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Kon Cot, Xa Lam C, c L v Kim Sn Including Kon Cot, Xa Lam C, c L and Kim Sn Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 K Bo (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian.

2. Zeiller R., 1903. 10. Hin c m t l phn di ca Ht. Hn Gai Described at present as the lower part of the Hn Gai Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Khao H (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian 2. T Hong Tinh 1964 10. ng ngha ca lot Sng Cu Synonym of Sng Cu Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 4/1998 Khao Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - gia Early - Middle Devonian. 2. Vasilevskaia E.D. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965: Cc bc Eifel - Givet -- vi Khao Lc Eifelian - Givetian Stages -- Khao Lc Limestone). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. Bn Khao Lc, Qun B, H Giang

Khao Lc village, Qun B district, H Giang province; x = 22o58'; y = 104o54'. 5. a) vi bitum, vi st, i ni xen phin st vi cha vt liu than, 150m; b) vi phn lp mng, 400m; c) vi phn lp dy, 250m. a) Bituminous limestone, clayish limestone, locally interbeds of carbonaceous marl, 150m; b) thinbedded limestone, 400m; c) thick-bedded limestone, 250m. 6. 800 m. 7. Favosites stellaris (a), F. kolimaensis (a), Squameofavosites spongiosus (a), S. obliquespinus (a), S. baolacensis (a) , S. vanchieni, Thamnopora belakovi (a), Parastriatopora champungensis (a), Striatopora sp. (b), Thamnopora kolodaensis (c), T. cf. siavis (c), Alveolitella cf. polenowi (c), Corolites haoi (c). (Tng Duy Thanh 1976). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht Bn Thng v b Ht Mi (Bc Sn) ph khng chnh hp Unconformably overlying the Bn Thng Fm. and unconformably underlying the Mi (Bc Sn) Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 4/1998 Khm c (H tng, Formation) 1. Meso-Neoproterozoi Meso-Neoproterozoic. 2. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Kon Tum, Qung Nam Middle Trung B (III.1); Kon Tum and Qung Nam Provinces. 4. Quc l 14, on bc v nam th trn Khm c Road No 14, in the north and south of Khm c small town; x = 1520; y = 10745 5. a) phin felspat-horblen, 500 m; b) phin hai mica -granat, phin thch anh -biotit vy nh, phin biotit-isthen, 1000 m; c) amphibolit, phin amphibol, 500 m; d) phin biotit, quarzit silimanit-muscovit, phin thch anh -biotit-isthen-granat, 1000 m; e) amphibolit, phin thch anh -muscovit, 300 m; e) hoa olomit, 300 m a) Feldspar-hornblende schist, 500m; b) two-mica garnet schist, quartz-biotite schist, biotite-disthene schist, 1000m; c) amphibolite, amphibole schist, 500m; d) biotite schist, sillimanite-muscovite quartzite, quartz-biotite-disthene-garnet schist,

1000m; e) amphibolite, quartz-muscovite schist, 300m; f) dolomitic marble, 300m. 6. 4000 m 8. Tip xc kin to vi cc h tng c v tr hn Tectonically contacting with older and younger formations 9. Lc nguyn - ni la bazan. Bin cht khu vc tng epiot-amphibolit. Terrigeno - mafic volcanic. Epidote-amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. Trong cng trnh hiu nh xut bn bn a cht lot t Kon Tum t l 1:200 000 Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk (1994) m t phn v ny l lot vi hai Ht. Ni V v Tin An, nhng mi c chp nhn mt cch thn trng. Described as a group including the Ni V and Tin An Fms. in the revising work on the Kon Tum 1:200 000 map sheet series by Nguyn Xun Bao et al (1994), but this subdivision has been accepted caustiously. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 8/1998 Khe ng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun - Carbon sm Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous

2. Trn Ton 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); nam t gy Sng C, tnh Ngh An. North Trung B (II.2); south of Sng C fault, Ngh An Province. 4 Mt ct Khe ng, tnh Ngh An Khe ng section (Geological Map 1: 50 000, sheet Tng Dng, Ngh An Province. 5. Ct a tng tng hp: Phn di: a) ct kt giu mica xen phin, bt kt, 100m; b) bt kt sericit xen phin st, thu knh vi st, vi silic, 100m; c) phin st, phin st silic, bt kt, ct kt ht nh, 200m; Phn trn: d) vi, vi st xen k ct, 200m; e) phin sericit, ct kt a khong, xen vi v phin vi, 200m; f) phin, vi en phn phin, 150m. Synthetic stratigraphic column: Lower part - a) micaceous sandstone, interbeds of shale and siltstone, 100m; b) gray sericite siltstone intercalated with shale, marly limestone lenses, siliceous limestone, 100m; c) shale, marly shale, siliceous shale, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, 200m; Upper part: d) limestone, marly limestone, interbeds of sandstone, 200m; e) sericite schist, polymictic sandstone, interbeds of dark limestone and marl, 200m; f) shale, dark laminated limestone, 150m.

6. 750 m. 7. c): Styliolina sp., Moresnetia sp., Palmatolepis sp., Protognathodus sp.; d): Spathognathodus cristulus, Tournayella sp., Spinoendothyra sp., Spinobrunsiia sp. ; f): Glomospira serenae, Parathurammina suleimanovi. Trong h tng cn c - From the formation were also gathered: Gnathodus cuneiformis, Spathognathodus stabilis, Mestognathodus cf. groeseni. 8. Quan h ca h tng Khe ng vi cc th a tng Paleozoi trong vng u l quan h kin to In the exposed area the Khe ng Fm. is characterized by tectonically contact with other Paleozoic strata. 9. Bin su thm lc a Marine, Deep water shelf. 10. Tc gi khng m t mt ct chun, khng ch r v tr a l ca ho thch. Rt ging vi h tng Con Voi Kin An (Hi Phng) Type section (holostratotype) was not described, fossils were not located. Very similar to the Con Voi Fm. in Kin An area (Hi Phng). 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999 Khe B (H tng, Formation)

1. Neogen Neogene. 2. Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1989. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); thung lng sng C, sng Hiu, sng Dinh (Ngh An), sng Ngn Su (H Tnh) North Trung B (II.2); valleys of C, Hin, Dinh Rivers (Ngh An Province), and Ngn Su River (H Tnh Province). 4. M than Khe B; mt ct b sung Ca Ro - Khe Chi; x=1916, y=10429 Khe B coal mine; supplementary section at Ca Ro - Khe Chi area. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt v ct kt, 20-150m; b) ct kt, bt kt, st kt v cc va than, 60m n 180-190m; c) cui kt, sn kt, 4-80m; d) ct kt ht va v th, bt kt, 15-80m; e) cui kt, sn kt, 30-50m a) Conglomerate, gritstone and sandstone, 20150m; b) sandstone, siltstone, claystone and coal seams, 60m to 180-190m; c) conglomerate, gritstone, 4-80m; d) coarse- and medium-grained sandstone, mudstone, 15-80m; e) conglomerate, gritstone, 30-50m. 6. 100-470 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Pecopteris totangensis Rhamnus (a), phc h Ficus - Laurophyllum (hoc

F. beauveriei - Q. cf. lobbii, Salix varians - F. beauveriei - Diospyros brachysepala hay Salix varians - F. beauveriei) v Phragmites oeningensis Typha latissima (b), phytoleima (c); cc phc h Persea cf. pliocenica - Cinnamomum lanceolatum (hoc Quercus bonnieri - Nectandra) v Phragmites oeningensis (d) Imprints of leaves from Pecopteris totangensis Rhamnus assemblage (a); Ficus - Laurophyllum (or F. beauveriei - Q. cf. lobbii, Salix varians - F. beauveriei - Diospyros brachysepala and Salix varians - F. beauveriei) and Phragmites oeningensis - Typha latissima assemblages (b); phytoleima (c); Persea cf. pliocenica Cinnamomum lanceolatum (or Quercus bonnieri Nectandra) and Phragmites oeningensis assemblages (d). 8. Bt chnh hp trn Ht. Sng C (PZ) hoc Ht. Quy Lng (T2) Unconformably upon the Sng C Fm (PZ) or Quy Lng Fm. (T2) 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen: ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965 (khng hp l); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (khng hp l); ip Khe B (N13) v h lp cha Persea indica pliocenica: Trn nh

Nhn, Trnh Dnh 1975; Trnh Dnh 1979, 1980, 1985; (ng ngha); ip Khe B (N13) v Ht. Ca Ro (N21): Trnh Dnh 1993 (ng ngha) Neogene: Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Miocene: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al.) 1977 (invalid); Khe B Suite (N13) and Persea indica pliocenica Beds: Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh 1975; Trnh Dnh 1979, 1980, 1985 (synonym); Khe B Suite (N13) and Ca Ro Fm. (N21): Trnh Dnh 1993 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Khe Gia (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. L Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh province. 4. Km 6, ng 18, b phi sng Long i; x = 17o07'; y = 106o36' 6th kilometre on the road No. 18, running along the right bank of the Long i river. 5. a) Cui dm vi, 5m; b) vi dm, vi silic xen nhng lp silic, 30m; c) vi silic phn lp mng, 120m; d) vi silic, 50m.

a) Calcareous brecciated conglomerate, 5m; b) brecciated limestone, cherty limestone, chert interbeds, 30m; c) thin-bedded cherty limestone, 120m; d) thick-bedded cherty limestone, 50m. 6. 200 m. 7. Codonofusiella nana (b), Nipponitella usurica (b), Pachyphloia ovata (b), Pachyphloia sp. (a,c), Neoendothyra eostaffelloidea (b,c), Palaeofusulina (?) sp. (c), Reichelina sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc trm tch c hn, k c vi Carbon - Permi (L Hng, trong V Khc v nnk 1984). Quan h vi cc trm tch tr hn khng c m t Unconformably overlying older rocks, including Carboniferous - Permian limestone (L Hng, in V Khc et al. 1984). The units author did not describe the upper boundary. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Cam L (mt ct Khe Gia): V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990 (ng ngha) Cam L Fm. (at Khe Gia section only): V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 4/1998

 Khe Rn (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm, Pliensbach - Toar Early Jurassic, Pliensbachian - Toarcian. 2. V Khc, 1983 (Sinemur - Toar). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Dc theo Khe Rn, on gn ca vo h cha nc; x = 1546, y = 10759 Along the Khe Rn Stream, near the mouth emptying into the reservoir. 5. a) Bt kt, ct kt ht nh, 18 m; b) bt kt, st vi, 5 m; c) bt kt, phin st, 10 m; d) ct kt, bt kt, 10 m; e) st vi, phin st, vi st, 50 m; f) ct kt, bt kt, 5 m; g) st vi, vi st, ct kt, 34 m; h) ct kt, bt kt, 15 m a) Siltstone, small-grained sandstone, 18 m; b) siltstone, marn, 5 m; c) siltstone, clay shale, 10 m; d) sandstone, siltstone, 10 m; e) marn, clay shale, clayey limestone, 50 m; f) sandstone, siltstone, 5 m; g) marn, clayey limestone, sandstone, 34 m; h) sandstone, siltstone, 15 m. 6. 120 - 150 m. 7. Cardinia indosinensis (a), Cultriopsis sp. (a), Modiolus saurini (b), Tongdzuyites kherensis (b,c), Protocardium philippianum (b,c), Goniomya

fontainei (b,c), Astarte (Nicaniella) sp. (b,c), Cultriopsis counilloni (b,c,d,), Gervillia sp. (e). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Bn C tui Sinemur, chnh hp di Ht. Hu Chnh tui Jura gia Conformably lying upon Sinemurian Bn C Fm., and under Middle Jurassic Hu Chnh Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. L h tng gia ca lot Th Lm Being the middle formation of the Th Lm Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Khn Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk, 1991. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn Province. 4. Trn ng t bn Khn Lng n lng Cm, gn ng ng M i Vn Qun On the earth road from Khn Lng village to Cm village, near the road from ng M to Vn Qun; x = 2150; 10633.

5. a) Cui kt c s xi mng carbonat, sn kt, ct kt, thu knh vi, 3-4m; b) tuf, ryolit porphyr, ryoacit porphyr, 250-350 m; c) ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, phin st, bt kt, 30 m a) Calcareous basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, limestone lenses, 3-4 m; b) tuffs, porphyritic rhyolite, porphyritic rhyodacite, 250350 m; c) tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, clay shale, siltstone, 30 m. 6. 280 - 380 m. 7. Gymnites cf. incultus (a), Ceratites aff. C. nodosus (a), Gervillia albertii (c), Neoschizodus laevigatus (c), Costatoria radiata hsuei (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi Carbon - Permi v Ht. Lng Sn tui Trias sm, chnh hp di Ht. N Khut tui Trias gia Unconformably lying upon CarboniferousPermian limestone and Lower Triassic Lng Sn Fm., conformably under Middle Triassic N Khut Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, bin Volcanogenic, marine. 10. Ht. Lng Tru: Trnh Th (trong V Khc v Trnh Th, 1977) (khng c hiu lc v m t u tin thiu mt ct chun)

Lng Tru Fm., Trnh Th (in V Khc and Trnh Th, 1977) (invalid by the lack of stratotype in the first description of the formation). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Kin Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1995. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. Th trn Kin Lng, huyn H Tin, tnh Kin Giang Kin Lng Townlet, H Tin District, Kin Giang Province; x = 1025, y = 10430. 5. a) Ct bt xm sm c di tch thc vt, 2.5m; b) ct ln t sn thch anh, silic, 1m; c) ct bt loang l, 14m. a) Dark-gray silty sand, with remains of flora, 2.5m; b) sand with quartz and siliceous granule, 1m; c) variegated silty sand, 14m. 6. 17,5 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Hn Heo (D) v di Ht. Long Ton (QII-III)

Unconformably lying upon Hn Heo Fm. (D) and under Long Ton Fm. (QII-III). 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Kin An (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun Late Silurian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); Hi Phng East Bc B (I.1); Hi Phng City. 4. Mt ct qua ni Xun Sn, gn Kin An Section through Xun Sn Mt., near Kin An town; x = 20o49'; y = 106o35. 5. a) Sn kt, ct kt, 200m; b) ct bt kt xen st vi, st vi silic, 40 - 60m; c) ct kt thch anh dng quarzit xen bt kt, 250 - 300m; d) vi xen phin st vi, 25 - 60m. a) Gritstone, sandstone, 200m; b) silty sandstone, interbeds of marl and cherty marl, 40 - 60m; c) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 250 300m; d) limestone, interbeds of calcareous clay shale, 25 - 60m.

6. 50 - 600 m. 7. Howellella cf. nucula (a), Retzia zinakensis (a, b), Retziella weberi (a, b, c,), Eospirifer lynxoides (b, c), Howellella aff. bragensis (b, c), Nikiforovaena ferganensis (c), Rhynchotreta cf. cuneata (c), Howellella aff. latisinuata (d), Retziella aff. weberi (d), Favosites admirabilis (d), F. gregalis (d), Mesofavosites sp. (d), Nipponophyllum sp. (d). 8. Ranh gii di khng r, bn trn b trm tch T ph Lower boundary unknown, covered by Quaternary formations. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Xun Sn: Hong Ngc K, H Trng T (trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990) (ng ngha) Xun Sn Fm.: Hong Ngc K, H Trng T (in V Khc & Bi Ph M et al. 1990) (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Kin Xng (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen Holocene.

2. Golovenok v L Vn Chn (trong L Vn C v nnk. 1985). 3. ng Bc B v Sng Hng (I.1, I.2); ng bng Bc B East Bc B and Sng Hng zone (I.1, I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. Gn th trn Kin Xng, Thi Bnh Near Kin Xng Townlet, Thi Bnh Province; x = 20o23, y = 106o27. 5. Ch yu trm tch ht nh v mn: ct, st, bt cha mn thc vt Mainly of small - to fine-grained sediments: sand, silt, clay bearing plant humus.. 6. 10 - 20 m.. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pleistocen Unconformably lying upon Pleistocene sediments. 9. Tam gic chu Deltaic. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Kim Lu (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian

2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie schisto-calcaire suprieure de Kim Lu) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Synonym of Mia L Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 4/1998 Kim Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Trn Quc Hi, 1986, Trn Tt Thng, 1987. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai v Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 4. Dc h lu sng Kim Sn Along the lower course of Kim Sn River; x = 14017 ; y = 108051. 5. a) phin v gneis biotit-granat-silimanitcorierit xen phin pyroxen, amphibolit, >1500 m; b) phin v gneis biotit-silimanit, biotitgranat xen quarzit graphit, >1500 m. a) Biotite-garnet-sillimanite-cordierite schist and gneiss, pyroxene schist, amphibolite, >1500 m; b)

biotite-sillimanite, biotite-garnet schist and gneiss, graphite quarzite, >1500 m. 6. >3000 m. 8. Nm chnh hp trn Ht. k L; cha r ranh gii trn Conformably lying upon the k L Fm., the upper boundary unknown. 9. Bin. Bin cht tng granulit Marine. Granulite facies of metamorphism. 10. L h tng nm cao nht trong lot Kan Nack Being the uppermost formation of the Kan Nack Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 Kon Cot (H tng, Formation) 1. Arkei Archean 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk. 1998). 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai, Bnh nh. Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 4. Dc trung lu sng Ba, on qua lng Kon Cot

Along the middle course of the Ba River, near Kon Cot Village; x = 13051; y = 108030 5. Plagiogneis hai pyroxen, phin hai pyroxen xen phin v gneis biotit-silimanit-granat-corierit Two-pyroxene plagiogneiss, two-pyroxene schistinterbedded with biotite-sillimanite-garnetcordierite schist and gneiss. 6. >1100 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, chuyn tip ln Ht. Xa Lam C Lowr boundary unknown, conformably underlying the Xa Lam C Fm. 9. Bin. Bin cht tng granulit Marine. Granulite facies of metamorphism. 10. L h tng thp nht trong lot Kan Nack Being the lowermost formation of the Kan Nack Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 8/1998 Kon Tum (H tng, Formation). 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1982 (ip -Suite)

3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc vng Kon Tum (Kon Tum), Plei Ku (Gia Lai), Bun Ma Thut (c Lc), Quang Thun, Vn Ho (Ph Yn) v thung lng Sng Ba (Gia Lai - Ph Yn) Middle Trung B (III.1); Kon Tum (Kon Tum Province), Plei Ku (Gia Lai Province), Bun Ma Thut (c Lc Province), Quang Thun, Vn Ho areas (Ph Yn Province), and Ba River valley (Gia Lai and Ph Yn Provinces). 4. Th x Kon Tum Kon Tum Town; x = 1420, y = 10801. 5. a) Sn kt a khong, ct kt thch anh, ct bt kt, st iatomit xen vi lp bazan v tuf ca chng, 6080m; b) ct kt thch anh, bt kt xen vi lp bazan, 30-50m; c) sn si kt, st bt kt, iatomit, xen cc lp bazan b phong ho, 20-35m. a) Polymictic gritstone, quartz sandstone, silty sandstone, diatomite, some interbeds of basalt and tuff, 60-80m; b) quartz sandstone, siltstone, some interbeds of basalt, 30-50m; c) gravelstone, silty claystone, diatomite, interbeds of weathered basalt, 20-35m. 6. 40-120 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Quercus cf. glauca - Ficus beauveriei, Viviparus aff. quadratus (a); phytoleima (b)

Imprints of leaves of Quercus cf. glauca - Ficus beauveriei assemblage, Viviparus aff. quadratus (a); phytoleima (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Ba (N13) v khng chnh hp di cc thnh to Pleistocen conformably upon the Sng Ba Fm. (N13) and unconformably under Pleistocene formations 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): Saurin E., 1944 (khng hp thc); Ht. Sng Ba (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.), 1989 (ng ngha) Neogene (part.): Saurin E. 1944 (invalid); Sng Ba Fm. (part.): Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al.; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al.), 1989 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 K Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia - mun, Givet - Famen Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian - Famennian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, Nguyn c Khoa 1995 (H tng Mng Xn). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An

North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An Province. 4. Mt ct Nong Da - Hui Cng v o Bactelemi, Mng Xn, Ngh An Nong Da - Hui Cng section and Bartelemi pass, Mng Xn district, Ngh An province; x = 190 27', y = 1040 07'. 5. a) vi en, phn lp trung bnh, 280m; b) vi sng mu, phn lp dy, 300m; c) vi phn di, 80m; d) vi xen st vi mu xm sng, 50m a) Black, medium-bedded limestone, 280m; b) light grey, thick-bedded limestone, 300m; c) stripped limestone, 80m; light grey limestone and marl, 50m. 6. 850 -900 m. 7. Phc h Stachyodes radiata - Scoliopora denticulata (Assemblage) (a), Phc h Stachyodes costulata - Amphipora laxeperforata (Assemblage) (b), Palmatolepis glabra glabra; i Actinophrentis (Zone) (d). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Hui Li v di trm tch Carbon h Conformably overlying the Hui Li Fm. and underlying Lower Carboniferous limestone. 9. Bin Marine.

10. Tn mi t ca Ht. Mng Xn (1995), do tn Mng Xn c dng cho Gneis v granit Mng Xn (Algonki: Fromaget 1937) New name for the Mng Xn Fm. (1995), due to the Mng Xn name is homonym of the "Muong Xen gneiss and granite" (Algonkian: Fromaget 1937). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998

L.
La Kh (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon sm, Vise Early Carboniferous, Visean. 2. Fromaget J. 1927 (Schistes de La Khe); Mareichev A.M., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965) (h tng La Kh -- La Kh Formation). 3. Bc Trung B (II. 2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (I. 2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Thung lng Ngn Su, gn ga La Kh, H Tnh. Hypostratotyp: theo khe ng Ta, Hng Kh, H Tnh Ngn Su River valley, near La Kh railways

station, H Tnh province; x = 18o04'; y = 105o48'. Hypostratotype: along ng Ta stream, Hng Kh district, H Tnh province. 5. a) Ct kt, ct kt dng quarzit xen phin st, bt kt, 30m; b) phin st xen k phin st than, phin silic, 100 - 150m. a) Sandstone, quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, siltstone, 30m; b) clay shale, interbeds of coaly shale, cherty shale, 100 - 150m. 6. 150 - 200 m. 7. Megachonetes cf. zimmermani (a), Rugosochonetes cf. hardrensis (a), Plicochonetes ex gr. elegans (a), Chonetes sp. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch evon v chnh hp di h tng Mi (=Bc Sn) Unconformably overlying Devonian sediments and conformably underlying the Mi (=Bc Sn) Fm. 9. Bin, nc nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. Ht. La Kh c m t theo khi nim ban u ca Fromaget J. (1927), tc l ch gm thnh phn lc nguyn v phin silic, thay v gm c cc tp vi, vi st, vi silic nm trn chng nh s phn chia ca Mareichev v Trn c Lng (trong ovjkov v nnk. 1965); Ht. Thin

Nhn: Mareichev A. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk. 1965) (ng ngha) The La Kh Fm. was described in this work in accordance with the first viewpoint of Fromaget J. (1927), ie. including only terrigenous sediments and cherty shale, instead of the description of Mareitchev and Trn c Lng (in Dovzhikov et al. 1965), comprising in addition members of limestone, marl and cherty limestone overlying them; Thin Nhn Fm.: Mareichev A. (trong ovjikov A. et al. 1965) (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 La Ng (Phn lot, Subgroup) 1. Jura gia Middle Jurassic. 2. V Khc v nnk, 1984 (ip - Suite); V Khc, Nguyn c Thng, 1996 (phn lot - Subgroup). 5. L hp phn tng bin thuc phn trn ca lot Bn n, gm cc Ht. M v Sng Phan Being the marine component of the upper part of the Bn n Group, including the M and Sng Phan Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999

 La Trng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1975. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi Invalid. Synonym of Mc Bi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lc Lm (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun Late Cretaceous. 2. Belouxov v nnk, 1984. 10. Hin c xp vo phn di ca Ht. n Dng Invalid. Described at present as the lower part of n Dng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Lai Chu (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia - mun, Lain-Carni Middle - Upper Triassic, Ladinian-Carnian. 2. ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965).

3. Mng T (II.1), tnh Lai Chu Mng T (II.1), Lai Chu province. 4. Dc b phi Nm Na, bc th trn Lai Chu (c); x = 2204; y = 10310. Along the right side of Nm Na River, north of Lai Chu small town (abandoned). 5. phin st en, phin lp, lp kp bt kt, c ch c st than Black clay shale, interbeds of siltstone and roofing slate, locally coaly shale. 6. 1000 - 1200 m. 7. Daonella sp. indet., Zittelihalobia cf. comata, Z. ex gr. superba. 8. Cc ranh gii u l ranh gii kin to Lower and upper boundaries consist of tectonic ones. 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Lang Ca Ph ( vi, Limestone) 1. evon sm - gia, Emsi - Givet Early - Midle Devonian, Emsian - Givetian. 2. Bourret R. 1922.

10. Hin oc xp vo Ht. Bn Pp. Attributed at present to the Bn Pp Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng Bai (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Nguyn Tr Vt, 1964 (ip - Suite). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. C Ni Synonym of C Ni Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Lng n (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia? Middle Devonian? 2. T Hong Tinh 1971. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Khao Lc v Bn Thng Synonym of Khao Lc and Bn Thng Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng n (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga

Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de schiste et de calcaire de Lang Den) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Synonym of Mia L Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng in (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Eifel - Givet Middle Devonian, Eifelian - Givetian. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. ng ngha ca lot Bn Pp Synonym of Bn Pp Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng Hang (H tng, Formation) 1. evon thng (?) Late Devonian (?). 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. ng ngha Ht. Bn Ci Synonym of Bn Ci Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Lng Vc (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic sm Early Ordovician. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. Xem Ht. ng Sn See ng Sn Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm, Ini Early Triassic, Induan. 2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn v Bc Giang East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn and Bc Giang provinces. 4. ng t t Phai Xe i ra quc l 1, N th x Lng Sn; x = 2147; y = 10642. Along the earth road from Phai Xe to the Highway No.1, SE of Lng Sn Town.

5. a) Xen k dng flysh ct kt v bt kt, 150 m; b) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 50 m; c) ct kt, cc lp kp phin st v bt kt, 150 m a) Flyschoid intercalation of sandstone and siltstone, 150 m; b) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 50 m; c) sandstone, interbeds of clay shale and siltstone, 150 m. 6. 350 - 400 m. 7. Claraia wangi (a), Glyptophiceras langsonense (a); Claraia stachei (b,c); C. clarai (b); C. vietnamica (b), Lytophiceras sp. (b), Koninckites cf. vidarbha (c), Eumorphotis inaequicostata (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn d vi Permi thng, chnh hp di Ht. Bc Thu tui Olenec Unconformably lying upon Upper Permian limestone, conformably under Olenekian Bc Thu Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. H lp Pseudomonotis griesbachi: Mansuy 1908 (khng hp thc); h lp Verfen: Patte 1927 (khng hp thc). L h tng di ca lot ng M Pseudomonotis griesbachi Beds: Mansuy 1908 (invalid); Werfenian Beds: Patte 1927 (invalid). Being the lower formation of the ng M Group. 11. V Khc.

12. 6/1998 Ln Png (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, ng Trn Huyn (trong Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk, 1991). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn, Bc Cn v H Giang. East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, Bc Cn and H Giang provinces. 4. Gn bn Ln Png, ty bc th trn Bc Sn Near Ln Png village, northwest of Bc Sn small town; x = 2154; 10618. 5. a) Sn kt cha cui, ct kt, bt kt, phin st, 50 m; b) vi st, phin st, st vi, lp kp sn kt tuf, tuf ryolit, 40m; c) vi, st vi, 50 m. a) Pebble-bearing gritstone, siltstone, clay shale, 50 m; b) clayish limestone, clay shale, marl, interbeds of tuffaceous gritstone, rhyolitic tuff, 40 m; c) limestone, marl, 50 m. 6. 135 - 200 m. 7. Sturia sp. (a), Leiophyllites sp. (a), Phyllocladiscites sp. (a), Glomospira ex gr. G. tenuifistula (c), Ammodiscus cf. semicontractus (c), Gromospiranella sp. (c).

8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Hin tui Trias sm Unconformably lying upon Lower Triassic Sng Hin Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 L Chi (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm Early Pleistocene. 2. Ng Quang Ton v nnk,, 1989. 3. Sng Hng (I.2) ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2) Bc B Plain. 4. X L Chi, Gia Lm, H Ni L Chi Commune, Gia Lm District, H Ni City; x = 2102, y = 10552. 5. a) Cui, si ln t ct, bt st, 10m; b) ct ht nh, ct bt, 3,5m; c) bt st, ct a) Pebble, granule mixed with sand, a little clayey silt, 10m; b) fine sand, silty sand, 3.5m; c) clayey silt, sand, 8 m. 6. 15-34,5 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pliocen

Unconformably lying upon Pliocene formations. 9. Sng Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 L K (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1975. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. i Giang Synonym of i Giang Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 L Ninh (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm - gia Early - Middle Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Quang Trung, 1983. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh Province. 4. L khoan LK.5 Duy Ninh, huyn L Ninh Hole LK.5 at Duy Ninh, L Ninh District; x = 1722, y = 10640.

5. Cui, si ln dm sn, bt, st. Thnh phn cu si ch yu l thch anh, silic Pebble, granule, mixed with grit, silt and clay. Main composition of pebble is of quartz and chert. 6. 22 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pliocen Unconformably lying upon Pliocene formations. 9. Sng-l Fluvio-proluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 8/1998 Li (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic - Silur Ordovician - Silurian. 2. Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1973. 10. Xem cc Ht. Sinh Vinh, B Hing v ng Sn See Sinh Vinh, B Hing and ng Sn Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Long Bnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun Late Jurassic.

2. Bi Ph M, Dng Vn Cu, 1991 (Jura mun Creta sm; Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh ng Nai, Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai and Bnh Phc Provinces. 4. L khoan 818 vng i Long Bnh, B TP H Ch Minh 17 km; x = 1055, y = 10650 Borehole No. 818 in Long Bnh Hills area, 17 km NE of HChMinh City. 5. a) Anesit, anesitobazan, lp kp phin st silic v st vi, 117 m; b) tuf lava, tuf aglomerat, lp kp phin st than-silic, bt kt, 120 m; c) phin st, st than dng di, bt kt, st vi, 115 m; d) bt kt tuf, acit, rhyolit, 70 m a) Andesite, andesitobasalt, interbeds of chertyclayey shale and marl, 117 m; b) tuffaceous lava, tuffaceous agglomerate, interbeds of coaly-cherty shale, siltstone, 120 m; c) clay shale, banded coaly shale, siltstone, marl, 115 m; d) tuffaceous siltstone, dacite, rhyolite, 70 m. 6. 422 m. 7. Estheria sp. (b), Zamites sp. (c), Pagiophyllum sp. (c), Dicksonia sp. (c), Pisces (c), Classopollis sp. (c), Osmundacidites sp. (c), Leiotriletes sp. (c).

8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Jura h - trung thuc lot Bn n Unconformably lying upon Lower - Middle Jurassic Bn n Group. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Long i (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic - Silur Ordovician - Silurian. 2. Mareichev A. M., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh, Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh and Qung Tr provinces. 4. Thng ngun sng Long i, t Bn Ho qua Bn Mt n Vt Thu Lu, huyn L Thy, Qung Bnh Upper basin of Long i river, from Bn Ho village through Bn Mt village to Vt Thu Lu point, L Thy district, Qung Bnh province; x = 17o05'; y = 106o37'. 5. a) Ct, bt kt thch anh dng nhp xen phun tro anesit, 100m; b) phin st xen bt kt, 400m; c)

ct bt kt xen phin st clorit dng nhp, 200m; d) phin st, bt kt xen phin st silic, 100m; e) ct kt dng quarzit xen phin st, 450m; f) phin st clorit xen ct kt thch anh, sn kt v tuf, 200m. a) Rhythmic intercalation of quartz siltstone and sandstone, andesite interbeds, 100m; b) clay shale, siltstone interbeds, 400m; c) silty sandstone, rhythmic interbeds of chlorite - clay shale, 200m; d) clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of cherty clay shale, 100m; e) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 450m; f) chlorite clay shale, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, gritstone and tuff, 200m. 6. 1200 - 2600 m. 7. Cyclopyge sp. (a), Microparia (?) sagaviaformis (a), Ogygiocaris sp. (a), Nileus sp. (a), Diplograptus sp. (b), Monograptus sp. (f), Pristiograptus sp. (f), Neodiversograptus nilssoni (f). 8. Ranh gii vi cc c hn khng r, h tng chuyn tip lin tc trn Ht. i Giang Lower boundary is not clear, conformably underlying the i Giang Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Long M (H tng, Formation) 1. Cui Pleistocen Late Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.211, huyn Long M, Cn Th Hole LK.211, Long M District, Cn Th Province; x = 941, y = 10535. 5. a) St bt, ct xm, 9m; b) st bt, ct xm trng, 2m; c) st bt, ct loang l, phn lp xin, 12,5m; d) st bt loang l b laterit ho, 4,5m a) Gray silty clay, sand, 9m; a) white-gray silt, clay, sand, 2m; c) variegated silt, clay, crossbedded sand, 12,5m; lateritized, variegated silty clay, 4,5m. 6. 29 m. 7. Ammonia sp. (c), Cornuspiroides oinomikadoi (c), Amphistegina lessoni (c), Pseudorotalia schroeteriana (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Long Ton (QII-III) v di trm tch Holocen

Unconformably lying upon Long Ton Fm. (QII-III) and under Holocene sediments. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Long Ton (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc, 1983. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.3 ti Long Ton, Duyn Hi, Tr Vinh; x = 938, y = 10630 Hole LK.3 at Long Ton, Duyn Hi District, Tr Vinh Province. 5. a) Cui, si, ct thch anh, xen nhiu ct bt, cha thc vt ho than bn, 70m; b) ct ln t cui, si, trn cng l bt loang l, 41m. a) Quartz pebble, sand intercalated with much silty sand, containing peat, 70m; b) sand mixed with a little pebble, grading upward to variegated silt, 41m. 6. 111 m.

7. Pseudorotalia catilliformis (b), Ammonia annectens (b), Operculina venosa (b), Bolivina lingularia (b), Gloligerinoides ruber (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc trm tch Pleistocen h Unconformably lying upon Lower Pleistocene formations. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 L Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Phm Vn Quang (trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990: ip - Suite). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Trng Knh Synonym of the Trng Knh Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lc Liu (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Phm nh Long v T Hong Tinh, 1969

10. Hin nay xp vo Ht. Ni Con Voi thuc lot Sng Hng Attributed now to the Ni Con Voi Fm. of the Sng Hng Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 8/1998 Lc R (Srie) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Dussault L., 1922. 10. Hin nay mt phn c xp vo Ht. Vn Lng, mt phn vo Ht. H Ci Invalid. At present, a part of it has been attributed to the Vn Lng Fm., a part - to the H Ci Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 Lng Nm (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon sm, Turnai - Vise Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian - Visean. 2. on Nht Trng, T Ho Phng 1999 3. ng Bc B (I.1), tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1). Cao Bng province. 4. Theo ng t qua khu m Tc Tt v pha nh

cao 100, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng Along the track crossing Tc Tt Mine to the height 100, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province; x = 22o49'; y = 106o23'. 5. a) phin silic, silic vi mu xm tro, 30m; vi xm sm, ht th, phn lp trung bnh, 15m. a) Ash grey cherty shale, cherty limestone, 30m; b) dark grey, coarse - grained, medium - bedded limestone, 15m. 6. 45 - 100 m. 7. a) Foraminifera -- Bisphaera malevkensis, Parathurammina stellata, P. spinosa, P. cushmani, Chernyshinella (Birectochernyshinella) sp., Ch. crassitheca, Ch.? gutta, Palaeospiroplectammina sp.; Algae -- Girvanella cf. ducii, Stacheodes sp.; Problematica -- Radiosphaera basillica. b): Foraminifera -- Tournayella discoidea maxima, Glomospira sp., Eoforchia moelleri, Septabrunsiina (S.) sp., Palaeospiroplectammina tchernyshinensis, Paraendothyra cf. portentosa, P. verkhojanica, Spiroendothyra cf. spinosa, Plectoendothyranopsis sp., Endothyra sp., Latiendothyranopsis sp., Granuliferella montyi; Conodonta -- Siphonodella sp., Pseudopolygnathus ex gr. triangulus, Coral -- Dibunophyllum cf. dubium, Keyserlingophyllum sp., Kueichouphyllum cf. laosense, Uralinia sp., Michelinia sp.

Ti phn trn cng ca mt ct o Ko Quang pht hin ho thch Conodonta tui Vise sm Pseudognathodus homopunctatus. In the top of the Ko Quang Pass section: Conodonts -- Pseudognathodus homopunctatus of Early Visean age. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Tc Tt v di Ht. Mi (Bc Sn) Conformably overlying the Tc Tt Fm. and underlying the Mi (Bc Sn) Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Lng Nm c nhng nt gn gi vi Ht. Ct B nhng thnh phn silic c v nhiu hn, trong khi Ht. Ct B dng nh thnh phn vi chim u th hn The Lng Nm Fm. is very closed to the Ct B Fm., but cherty component seems to be more predominant in the first, while the limestone component - more abundant in the second. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lng P (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic.

2. Bi Ph M v nnk, 1972. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sui Ching: Nguyn Xun Bao 1970 Synonym of Sui Ching Fm.: Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Lng Tru (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Trnh Th (trong V Khc v Trnh Th, 1977). 10. Khng hp thc v khi m t khng c mt ct chun. ng ngha ca Ht. Khn Lng Invalid by the lack of stratotype in the first description of the formation. Synonym of Khn Lng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Lutxia (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic sm Early Ordovician. 2. Deprat J.,1915 (Srie de Loutia). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang

East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. Theo ng mn t bn Seo Thn P n Bc Bun di gn 1km, ng Vn, H Giang Along the track from Seo Thn P to Bc Bun villages with about 1km long, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o16'; y = 105o24'. 5. a) Ct bt kt xen phin st mu xanh lc cha nhiu vy sericit, 70m; b) vi mu xm sng, cu to trng c b ti kt tinh yu, 100m; c) phin st, 50m; d) vi vi ht mu xm en, phn lp dy, 150m a) Light green fine-grained silty sandstone, interbeds of clay shale bearing sericite, 70m; b) weakly recrystallized oolithic limestone, 100m; c) clay shale, 50m; d) dark gray, thick- bedded microgranular limestone, 150m. 6. 370 m. 7. Crinoidea (a), Isotelus stenocephalus (a,c), Orthida (c), Euloma (?) sp. (c), Kainella sp. (c), Niobella sp. (c), Isoteloides (Megalaspides) sp. (c), Asaphidae (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Chang Pung v khng chnh hp di Ht Sika Conformably overlying the Chang Pung Fm. and unconformably underlying the Sika Fm. 9. Bin

Marine 10. H tng c m t theo V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990; tn h tng c chnh bin chnh t. The formation is described after V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990. The spelling of formation name has been corrected. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Lc Khiu (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Tng Dzuy Thanh 1979 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng province. 4. Theo ng t bn Lc Khiu n bn N Qun, vng Bng Ca, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng Along the road from Lc Khiu to N Qun villages, Bng Ca area, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province; x = 22o48'; y = 106o45'. 5. a) Bt kt vi cc lp kp ct kt, 50m; b) phin st, 100m; c) phin, i ni ln ct kt v st vi, 50m. a) Siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 50m; b) clay

shale, 100m; c) shale, locally with interbeds of sandstone or marl, 50m. 6. 200 m. 7. Acrospirifer sp. (a), Howellella sp. (a), Hysterolites wangi (= Howittia wangi) (a, b), Euryspirifer tonkinensis (b, c), Dicoelostrophia annamitica (b, c), Parachonetes zeili (b, c), Douvillia pattei (b, c), Megastrophia ex gr. concava (b, c), Schellwienella lantenoisi (b, c), Aulacella (?) zhamoidai (b, c), Anthinocrinus minor (b, c), Calymene ex gr. blumenbachi (b, c). 8. Chnh hp trn ca lot Sng Cu v chnh hp di Ht N Qun Conformably overlying the Sng Cu Group and underlying the N Qun Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Lc Khiu phn bit vi tt c cc phn v tng ng do ch gm trm tch lc nguyn, khng cha thnh phn vi Lithologically, the Lc Khiu Fm. is characterized by its only terrigenous composition. Thus, it distinguishes from intercalated carbonateterrigenous Mia L Fm. and its equivalents. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 6/1998 Lng K (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon gia - Permi sm Middle Carboniferous - Early Permian. 2. Phm Vn Quang (trong V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 L Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm -gia (?). Early - Middle (?) Devonian. 2. Phm Huy Thng, T Ho Phng, Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh and Ngh An provinces. 5. a) Ct kt, bt kt v phin st xen k nhau 300350m; b) ct kt thch anh, ct kt dng quarzit, xen nhng lp bt kt v phin st, i khi phn lp xin, 250m; c) bt kt, phin st, xen nhng lp ct kt, 150-200m.

a) Intercalation of sandstone, siltstone and shale, 300-350m; b) quartz sandstone and quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and shale, sometimes cross-bedded, 250m; c) siltstone, shale, interbeds of sandstone, 150-200m. 6. 700 - 850m. 7. b) Di tch c - Fish remains of : Lyhoalepis duckhoai, Vukhuclepis lyhoaensis, v di tch thc vt - and plant remains of: Taeniocradia sp.; c) Pholladella zhengeoensis. 8 Quan h vi vi ca Ht Ro Chan nm di khng quan st c, chnh hp (?) di Ht Minh L (D2 gv ml) Contact with underlying limestone of Ro Chan Fm. was not observed, conformably (?) underlying the Minh L Fm. (D2 gv ml). 9. Bin nng Marine - Shallow water. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999.

M.
M (H tng, Formation)

1. Jura gia, Aalen-Bajoci Middle Jurassic, Aalenian-Bajocian. 2. V Khc, Nguyn c Thng, 1996. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh c Lc, Khnh Ho, Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun v ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); c Lc, Khnh Ho, Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun and ng Nai Provinces. 4. Vng M , dc theo sui c M area, along the c Stream; x = 1123, y = 10704. 5. a) St kt, bt kt cha nhiu pyrit tinh th, 250 m; b) bt kt dng di, phin st, t thu knh ct kt ht mn, 350 m; c) h xen k bt kt, phin st v ct kt, 350 m; d) bt kt, phin st dng di, t ct kt, 280 m; e) ct kt, bt kt xen phin st, 300 m a) Claystone, siltstone bearing many pyrite crystals, 250 m; b) stripped siltstone, clay shale, some lenses of fine-grained sandstone, 350 m; c) intercalation of siltstone, clay shale and sandstone, 350 m; d) stripped siltstone, clay shale, some sandstone, 280 m; e) sandstone, siltstone, clay shale, 300 m. 6. 1200 - 1530 m.

7. Pseudomytiloides aff. marchaensis (b), Posidonia bronni (b,c,e), Planammatoceras planinsigne (c), Polyplectus sp. (c), Tmetoceras sp. (c), Fontannesia spp. (e), Vacekia sp. (e), Bositra ornata (e). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. c Krng (J1) v di Ht. Sng Phan (J2) Conformably between the underlying c Krng Fm. (J1) and overlying Sng Phan Fm. (J2). 9. Vng vnh, bin ven b Marine, gulf, littoral. 10. L h tng di ca phn lot La Ng (lot Bn n) Being the lower formation of the La Ng Subgroup (Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999 M P Ln (Srie) 1. Gotlani Gothlandian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Ma-pi-leun). 10. Hin c xp vo cc Ht. Si Phai, Tc Tt, Lng Nm v Ht. Bc Sn = Mi. Invalid. Attributed at present to: Si Phai, Tc Tt,

Lng Nm and Bc Sn = Mi Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Mang Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1985 (Trias sm - gia; Early - Middle Triassic) 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Bnh nh, Ph Yn v Khnh Ho Middle Trung B (III.1); Bnh nh, Ph Yn and Khnh Ho provinces. 4. ng An Kh i Quy Nhn, khong o Mang Giang; x = 1358; y = 10847. On the road from An Kh to Quy Nhn, in the section of the Mang Giang Pass. 5. a) Cui kt a khong, lp kp ct kt, 200 m; b) tuf ryolit, 180 m; c) felsit porphyr, ct kt, bt kt tuf, lp kp tuf ryolit, 100 m; d) ct kt a khong, 150 m; e) felsit porphyr, ryolit porphyr (SiO2 = 55.9 - 72.4%; Na2O + K2O = 6.77 - 9%), lp kp porphyr thch anh, 80 m; f) tuf ryolit, cui kt, si kt tuf, 250 m a) Polymictic conglomerate, interbeds of sandstone, 200 m; b) rhyolitic tuff, 180 m; c)

porphyritic felsite, sandstone, tuffaceous siltstone, interbeds of rhyolitic tuff, 100 m; d) polymictic sandstone, 150 m; e) porphyritic felsite, porphyritic rhyolite (SiO2 = 55.9 - 72.4%; Na2O + K2O = 6.77 9%), interbeds of quartz porphyry, 80m; f) rhyolitic tuff, conglomerate, tuffaceous gravelstone, 250m. 6. 780 - 950 m. 7. Trochamminoides planispiralis (c), Glomospiranella ex gr. G. spirillinoides (c), Ammodiscus ex gr. A. multivolutus (c), Meandrospira sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn bin cht c hoc trm tch v phun tro Paleozoi Unconformably lying upon old metamorphic rocks, or Paleozoic sedimentary and effusive rocks. 9. Trm tch - ngun ni la, bin Volcanogeno-sedimentary, marine. 10. Ht. Ryolit: Lacroix 1937 (khng hp thc); Ht. Ch Klin: Nguyn Kinh Quc 1988 (ng ngha) Rhyolite Fm.: Lacroix 1937 (invalid); Ch Klin Fm.: Nguyn Kinh Quc (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Mng Cu (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen trung

Middle Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Thng do mt ct v c im c sinh khng khc bit nhau Regarded at present as synonym of Thng Fm. by similar stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Mavieck (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2, V Vn Vnh (trong Nguyn c Thng v nnk.), 1999 10. ng ngha ca Ht. M Thp do s ng nht v a tng v c sinh Synonym of M Thp Fm. by the similarity of stratigraphical and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Mu Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Carni Late Triassic, Carnian.

2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn, Qung Ninh, Bc Giang, Bc Ninh v Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, Qung Ninh, Bc Giang, Bc Ninh and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. Dc ng t i N Lang bc khi ni Mu Sn; x = 2136; y = 10704. North of Mu Sn Mt, along the earth road toward the N Lang village. 5. a) Ct kt dng quarzit, ct kt, t lp kp bt kt mu , si kt, 400 m; b) cui kt, sn kt, 30m; c) ct kt, bt kt, 70m; d) bt kt, t bt kt vi, 480 m; e) st vi xm lc, t lp kp ct kt, 50m; f) ct kt, lp kp bt kt xm, 20m; g) st kt, lp kp ct kt vi, 300 m; h) ct kt vi, lp kp ct kt sc s, 60-70m; i) st vi xm xanh, lp kp vi st, 100 m; k) ct kt, lp kp bt kt nu , st vi, 60 m; l) phin st xm en, t ct kt, 100 m a) Quartzitic sandstone, sandstone, interbeds of red siltstone, gravelstone, 400 m; b) conglomerate, gritstone, 30m; c) sandstone, siltstone, 70m; d) siltstone, some calcareous siltstone, 480 m; e) greenish-grey marl, interbeds of sandstone, 50m; f) sandstone, interbeds of grey siltstone, 20m; g) claystone, interbeds of calcareous sandstone, 300

m; h) calcareous sandstone, interbeds of motleycoloured sandstone, 60-70 m; i) greenish-grey marl, interbeds of clayish limestone, 100 m; k) sandstone, interbeds of red siltstone, marl, 60 m; l) black clay shale, a little sandstone, 100 m. 6. 1600-1680 m. 7. Utschamiella perlonga (d), U. elliptica (d), Tutuella nuculiformis (d), Gervillia aff. G. praecursor (k), Euestheria minuta (l), Sphaenestheria sp. ex gr. S. kawazakii (l), Baleiichthys (?) sp. (l). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. N Khut tui Trias gia Conformably lying upon Middle Triassic N Khut Fm. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Inosinias trung (mt phn): Fromaget J. 1934 (khng hp l). Tp phin st en (l) cn c u t nghin cu thm v ho thch c Baleiichthys c gi thit c tui Jura Middle Indosinias (part.): Fromaget J. 1934 (invalid). The black shale member (l) needs further study, because fish fossil Baleiichthys has been supposedly dated as Jurassic. 11. V Khc.

12. 6/1998 Mu Du (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm? Lower Devonian? 2. T Ho Phng, L Vn Giang 1996 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. Vng Dong M - B Mi (5km ty bc Mu Du), ng Vn, H Giang Dong M - B Mi area (5km northwest of Mu Du), ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o04, y = 105o13. 5. a) Ct kt dng quarzit, quarzit, xen t phin st - sericit, 120m; b) phin st - sericit xen quarzit, quarzit vi, 160m; c) quarzit, 40m; d) phin st, phin st vi xen ct kt, 50m a) Quartzite and quartzitic sandstone, some thin interbeds of sericitic clay shale, 120m; b) claysericite shale, interbeds of quartzite and calcareous quartzite, 160m; c) quartzite, 40m; d) clay shale, calcareous clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, 50m. 6. 370 m. 8. Chnh hp vi Ht. Mia L nm trn Conformably underlying the Mia L Fm.

9. Bin Marine. 10. Phn bit vi cc h tng Si Ka v Bc Bun do thnh phn trm tch ht th (T Ho Phng v L Vn Giang 1996). Nu thc s l mt th a tng evon, Ht. Mu Du c th l ng ngha vi lot Sng Cu (Ht. Si Ka v Bc Bun). This Formation distinguishes from Si Ka and Bc Bun Fms. by its coarser rock components (T Ho Phng & L Vn Giang 1996). Distributed in the same ng Vn area (H Giang province) the Mu Du Fm. should be a junior synonym of Sng Cu Group (Si Ka v Bc Bun Fms.), if not a nonDevonian unit. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Mia L (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Mi-l). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. Mt ct Lng C - Mia L, an ng t bn Si

Ka v bn Mia L, ng Vn, H Giang Lng C - Mia L section from Si Ka to Mia L villages, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o18'; y = 105o18'. 5. a) phin st en chuyn dn ln phin st mu xm, xm xanh, 230m; b) xen k gia ct kt, bt kt v nhng lp mng st vi, thu knh vi, trn cng l phin st vi nhng lp kp st vi, 170m; c) phin st xen phin st vi v thu knh vi, 350m. a) Black shale gradually passing upward to grey, greenish-grey shale, 230m; b) intercalation of sandstone, siltstone and thin bands of marl, limestone lenses and clay shale, marl in the uppermost part, 170m; c) clay shale, interbeds of marlaceous shale and limestone lenses, 350m. 6. 300 - 500 m up to 750 m. 7. Mytilarca (Plectomytilus) oviformis (a), Goniophora (?) aff. spatulata (a), Hysterolites sp. (a), Stropheodonta pattei (a, c), Euryspirifer tonkinensis (a, b, c), Dicoelostrophia annamitica (a, b, c), Favosites goldfussi eifeliensis (c), Favosites hirtus (c), Squameofavosites cechicus (c), Caliapora aff. graciosa (c), Roemeripora aff. bohemica (c), Echyropora grandiporosa (c), Megastrophia ex gr. concava (c), Parachonetes zeili (c), Pterinea (Cornellites) cf. dichotoma (c).

8. Chnh hp trn h tng Bc Bun v di h tng Si Phai Conformably overlying the Bc Bun Fm. and underlying the Si Phai or N Qun Fm. 9. Bin, nc nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. Tn ca h tng c chnh l; Srie Lng n: Giraud J. 1918 (ng ngha), Srie N Bo: Giraud J. 1918 (ng ngha); Srie Kim Lu, Srie Vn Linh, Srie Na Ca, Srie Na Ch: Giraud J. 1918 (ng ngha); Srie Na Man: Bourret R. 1922 (ng ngha) The spelling of the formation name has been corrected. Lng n Srie: Giraud J. 1918 (synonym); N Bo Srie: Giraud J. 1918 (synonym); Kim Lu, Vn Linh, Na Ca, Na ChSrie: Giraud J. 1918 (synonym); Na ManSrie: Bourret R. 1922 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 6/1998. Mia L (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Tng Duy Thanh 1993; Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986 (Hp tng- Unifying Superhorizon).

3. ng Bc B (I.1), cc tnh H Giang, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Lo Cai, Yn By; Ty Bc B (I.3), cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho East Bc B (I.1), H Giang, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Lo Cai, Yn By provinces; West Bc B (I.3), Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho provinces. 5. Phn v thi a tng khu vc, i snh hp nht cc h tng tui evon sm - Praga Bc B, cha phong ph ho thch thuc phc h Euryspirifer tonkinensis: cc Ht. Mia L, Lc Khiu, phn thp ca Ht. Cc X v phn cao ca Ht. Dng ng Regional chronostratigraphic unit, which unifies formations of Lower Devonian - Pragian age bearing the abundant Euryspirifer tonkinensis Assemblage, such as Mia L, Lc Khiu Fms., the lower part of Cc X Fm., and upper part of Dng ng Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Minh Ho (H tng, Formation) l. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian.

2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1996). 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang province. 4. Ra bc o Hn Ngh Northern edge of the Hn Ngh island; x = 1002; y = 10434. 5. vi xm phn lp trung bnh n dng khi Grey medium-bedded to massive limestone. 6. 200 m. 7. Diplotremina astrofimbriata, D. cf. baoi, Endothyranella ex gr. E. hoangmaiensis, Endothyra badouxi, Malayspira fontainei, Pilaminella cf. falsofriedli . 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn u khng r Unknown lower and upper boundaries. 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. Ht. Hn Ngh (phn di): Bi Ph M v V Khc 1980 (ng ngha) Hn Ngh Fm. (lower part): Bi Ph M and V Khc 1980 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998

 Minh L (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet. Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Phm Huy Thng, T Ho Phng, Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh and Ngh An provinces. 5. Ct kt xen phin, bt kt v phin st than. Sandstone with interbeds of shale, mudstone and carbonaceous shale. 6. 700 - 850m. 7 Ho thch thc vt Lepidodendropsis sp. v bo t (Tong-Dzuy Thanh & Cai Chong-yang 1995); Desquamatia sp. v Tentaculites mt ct Cu Rng - Lng Sung; Plant remains Lepidodendropsis sp. and spores (Tong-Dzuy Thanh & Cai Chong-yang 1995); Desquamatia sp. and Tentaculites in Cu Rng Lng Sung section. 8. Cc tc gi khng nu quan h a tng vi cc th a tng lt di v ph trn, nhng nu r h tng ny ng vi phn thp ca h tng ng Th Stratigraphic contact with underlying and

overlying stratigraphic bodies was not characterized by the unit's authors, but they pointed out that this formation corresponds to lower part of the ng Th Fm. 9. Bin nng v lc a Marine, shallow water and subcontinental. 10. Tng ca "Ht Minh L" khng ng nht, Minh L l tng lc a cha ho thch thc vt, cn Cu Rng - Lng Sung l tng bin khi cha Dacryoconarids. Mt khc, nhng ho thch dn ra (Lepidodendropsis sp. v bo t) ch ng vi Givet. Do h tng ny c l ch l mt phn ca Ht ng Th (ng Th) Described facies of the " Minh L Fm." was not identical subcontinental at Minh L yielding plant remains, and pelagic at Cu Rng - Lng Sung yielding Dacryoconarids. On the other hand, cited fossils (Lepidodendropsis sp. and spores) indicate Givetian age, therefore this "formation" seems to be a junior synonym of the ng Th Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. Miocen (Trm tch, Sediments) 1. Miocen Miocene.

2. Saurin E., 1956; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977 10. Hin chia thnh cc h tng Vn Yn (N12), Cao Bng (N12), ng Ho (N13), Na Dng (N13), C Phc (N13), Phan Lng (N13), Tuyn Quang (N2), Hang Mon (N13) v Khe B (N13) (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975; Trnh Dnh, 1980, 1985, 1993). Subdivided at present into Vn Yn Fm. (N12), Cao Bng Fm. (N12), ng Hi (N13), Na Dng Fm. (N13), C Phc Fm. (N13), Phan Lng Fm. (N13), Tuyn Quang Fm. (N2), Hang Mon Fm. (N13) v Khe B Fm. (N13) (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975; Trnh Dnh, 1980, 1985, 1993). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 M ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri trung Middle Cambrian. 2. Vasilevskaia E. D. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. Vng sui M ng ty nam bn Na R, theo sui Bn Chang. Hypostratotyp: Bn Ci - Bn Chng gn La Hin, Thi Nguyn

M ng stream area, southwest of Na R village, along Bn Chang stream (x = 21o52'; y = 105o58'). Hypostratotype: from Bn Ci to Bn Chng villages near La Hin, Thi Nguyn province. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh, c ni ( La Hin) b quarzit ha, xen vi bt kt, 80m; b) ct bt kt xen vi phin st mu nu , i khi lp bt kt c cu to sc di, trn mt lp c nhiu du vt giun b, 200m; c) ct bt kt, ct kt cha vi mu tm , xm xanh lc, cu to sc di, 150m. a) Quartz sandstone, locally (at La Hin) quarzitized and intercalated with siltstone, 80m; b) silty sandstone, interbeds of red-brown clay shale, locally stripped, variegated siltstone bearing worm trace remains, 200m; c) chocolate, variegated, stripped silty sandstone, calcareous sandstone, 140m. 6. 400 - 600 m. 7. Planolites (b). Ti bn Thn Sa gp -- At Thn Sa village: Ptychagnotus atavus (ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Thn Sa (3-O1 ts), khng chnh hp di Ht N M (O nm) Conformably overlying the Thn Sa Fm. (3-O1 ts), unconformably underlying the N M Fm. (O nm) [V Khc, Bi Ph M 1990]

9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral. 9. Theo tnh cht thch a tng, mt ct m t trn y ca Ht. M ng rt gn vi Ht. Thn Sa. Hon ton c kh nng cc h tng ny l ng ngha, d cho ranh gii trn ca chng c v khng ng thi Lithostratigraphically, above described M ng Fm. is very similar to Thn Sa Fm. (see: Thn Sa Fm.). Possibly, these two formations are synonyms, although their upper boundaries are not synchronous. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 M Nhi (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Frasni (sm - gia) Late Devonian, Frasnian (Early-Middle). 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, ng Trn Huyn 1991. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Mt ct M Nhi - Ln Cui, vng M Nhi, Bc Sn, Lng Sn; x = 21o 50'; y = 106o 20' M Nhi - Ln Cui section, M Nhi area, Bc Sn district, Lng Sn province.

5. a) phin vi, 10m; b) vi mu xm tro, 150m; c) vi nhim silic, 100m; d) vi xm sng, 50m. a) Calcareous shale, 100m; b) ashy-grey limestone, 150m; c) siliciferous limestone, 100m; d) light-grey limestone, 50m. 6. 100 - 310 m. 7. Amphipora minima (b, c), A. pervesiculata (b), Eogeinitzina devonica (c), Eonodosaria stalinogorskii (c), Amphipora laxeperforata (c), A. tschussovense (c), A. patokensis (c), A. sp. (d), Parallelopora darlingtonensis (c), Tienodictyon tschussovense (c), Strictostroma sociale (c) Hermatoporella sp. (c), Thamnopora strelinaensis (c). 8. Chnh hp trn vi ca Ht Tn Lp, quan h kin to vi Ht Mi (Bc Sn) nm trn Conformably overlying the Tn Lp Fm., tectonically contacting with the overlying Mi (Bc Sn) Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 M Tm ( vi, Limestone)

1. evon Devonian. 2. Dussault L. 19210. 10. ng ngha ca lot Bn Pp Synonym of Bn Pp Group. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Mng Cy (t c; Ancient beds) 1. Orovic-Silur Ordovician-Silurian. 2. Lantenois H. 1907 (Terrains anciens de Mongcai). 10. Hin nay, phn di ca h tng gm phyllit, quarzit c xp vo Ht. Tn Mi, tui OrovicSilur, cc mu ru vang nm trn c xp vo Ht. H Ci tui Jura. At present, the lower part of this formation including phyllite and quarzite has been attributed to Tn Mi Fm. of Ordovician-Silurian age, whilst its upper part comprising red beds - to H Ci Fm. of Jurassic age. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 M Thp (H tng, Formation)

1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. L c An, 1976 (trm tch - Sediments). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2), vng Duyn Hi t Phan Thit ti Hn Chu, khu vc M Thp v pha nam ni Mavieck. South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); coastal zone from Phan Thit to Hn Chu, M Thp and south of Mavieck Mt. 4. Ni Mavieck; b sung l khoan LK. 2B (ty nam sn bay Phan Thit 3.5 km). Mavieck Mt. Supplementary section at hole LK.2B (3.5 km southwest of Phan Thit Airport) 5. a) Sn kt, 2.6m; b) ct kt, 2m; c) ct kt cha tectit nguyn dng, 5.4m. a) Gritstone, 2,6 m; b) sandstone, 2m; c) sandstone bearing tektite in original shape, 5.4m. 6. 3 - 20 m. 7. Phc h BTPH ngho; phc h Diatomae vi Flagillaria japonica, Fl. contusta, Thalassiothrix, Th. sp., franenfeli, Nitzschia pacifica,.. Sporo-pollenic assemblage; Diatom assemblage with: Flagillaria japonica, Fl. contusta, Thalassiothrix sp., Th. franenfeli, Nitzschia pacifica, etc.

8. Khng chnh hp (?) trn granitoi Mesozoi Discordantly (?) upon the Mesozoic granitoids. 9. Tam gic chu. Deltaic 10. Thm Mavieck: Saurin E. 1937 (ng ngha); Ht. Phan Thit (N2): Nguyn Ngc, 1982 (ng ngha); Ht. Mavieck (N2): V Vn Vnh, 1997 (ng ngha); cc trm tch N2 - QI (mt phn): H Ton Dng (ng ngha) Mavieck terrace: Saurin E., 1962 (synonym); Phan Thit Fm. (N2): Nguyn Ngc, 1982 (synonym); Mavieck Fm. (N2): V Vn Vnh et al., 1988 (synonym); N2 - QI sediments (part): H Ton Dng, Phm Hng, 1989 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 02/1999 Mc Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Cui Pleistocen mun Late Late Pleistocene. 2. L c An v nnk, 1981 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.5 Mc Ho, huyn Vnh Hng, Long An; x = 1047, y = 10557

Hole LK.5 at Mc Ho, Vnh Hng District, Long An Province. 5. a) Cui, sn, si thnh phn thch anh, 10,5m; b) ct bt di c ln ct v sn laterit, 11m; c) bt st, 2,5m; d) ct st mu loang l, ln sn laterit, 9m. a) Quartz pebble and granule, 11.5m; b) sandy silt mixed with lateritized sand and granule in the lower part, 11m; c) clayey silt, 2.5m; d) variegated clayey sand mixed with lateritic granule, 9m. 6. 10-30 m. 7. Eunotia monodon (c,d), E. pectinalis (c), Pinnularia brauni (c,d), Cymbella ventricosa (d) 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pleistocen trung thng v di trm tch Holocen Unconformably lying upon Middle-Upper Pleistocene formations, and under Holocene ones. 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 M Gi (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta khng phn chia Undifferentiated Cretaceous.

2. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1988 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Thanh Ha, Ngh An v Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ha, Ngh An and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Trn ng t o M Gi i Y Lanh Along the earth road from M Gi to Y Lanh; x = 1745, y = 10546. 5. a) Bt kt, st kt nu , lp kp ct kt thch anh, 90m; b) ct kt, 55m; c) ct bt kt, bt kt cha vi, lp kp sn kt, 150 m; d) ct kt, 40m; e) bt kt xen ct kt cha vi, 65m; f) st vi xm, vi st, lp kp bt kt cha vi, 95m; g) ct kt, 75m; h) bt kt, lp kp st vi, 30m; i) ct bt kt, thu knh vi st, 50m; k) ct kt, 435 m; l) ct kt, lp kp st kt, bt kt v cui, si kt, 335 m a) Chocolate siltstone, claystone, interbeds of quartz sandstone, 90 m; b) sandstone, 55m; c) silty sandstone, calcareous siltstone, interbeds of gritstone, 150 m; d) sandstone, 40m; e) siltstone, calcareous sandstone, 65m; f) grey marl, clayish limestone, interbeds of calcareous siltstone, 95m; g) sandstone, 75m; h) siltstone, interbeds of marl, 30m; i) silty sandstone, lenses of clayish limestone, 50m; k) sandstone, 435 m; l) sandstone, interbeds of claystone, siltstone and gravelstone, 335 m.

6. 500 - 1430 m. 7. Sphaerium cf. yanbianense (a), Chomotriletes sp. (a), Cyathidites sp. (a), Triletes (a), Unio sp.(c), Peregrinoconcha cf. chuxiongensis (c), Gleichenidites sp. (c), Classopollis parvus (c), Cedrus aff. C. excelsa (c), Plicatounio sp. & Trigonioides sp. (?) (phn trn ca mt ct - upper part of the section). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic sediments. 9. Bin ven b chuyn ln lc a mu Littoral grading upward to red continental. 10. Mu thng: Hoffet 1937 (khng hp thc). Theo ti liu kho st thc a gn y, nhng lp cha carbonat phn di mt ct (c th n tp i) thuc Jura Upper Red Beds: Hoffet 1937 (invalid). According to last field study materials, carbonate-bearing beds of the lower part of the section (up to, maybe, member i) belong to Jurassic. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Mc Bi (H tng, Formation)

1. evon, Givet Devonian, Givetian. 2. Trn Tnh (h tng Mc Bi) (trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Theo sui Mc Bi, ty bc Chc A 6 km, Hng Kh, H Tnh Along the Mc Bi stream, 6km northwest of Chc A village, Hng Kh district, H Tnh province; x = 18o 07'; y = 105o 40'. 5. a) St vi, phin st, 60m, b) ct kt, phin xen st vi, vi, 170m; c) ct kt thch anh, 250m; d) st vi, vi, phin st, 140m; e) ct kt dng quartzit xen phin st, 100m. a) Marl, clay shale, 60m; b) sandstone, clay shale, interbeds of marl and limestone, 170m; c) quartz sandstone, 250m; d) marl, limestone and clay shale, 140m; e) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 100m. 6. 310 - 770 m. 7. a) Chonetipustula orientalis, Undispirifer undiferus, Gypidula vietnamica, G. calceola, Desquamatia magna, Spinatrypa aspera ; b) Actinostroma bifarium, A. geminatum, Stachyodes radiata, St.

caespitosa, St. insignis, Gerronostroma mareichevi, Caliapora battersbyi, Thamnopora polyforata, Remesia kettneri, Emanuella cf. cicer, Stringocephalus burtini; d) Alveolites admirabilis, Scoliopora formosa, Sc. denticulata, Sc. muricata, Ambocoelia umbonata, Emanuella takwanensis, E. cf. ronensis, Schizophoria aff. striatula. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Bn Ging (D2e bg) v di Ht ng Th Conformably overlying the Bn Ging Fm (D2e bg) and underlying the ng Th Fm. 9. Trm tch bin nng thm lc a Shallow- water shelf environment. 10. Srie de Xom Con Giau (mt phn): Fromaget J. 1927 (ng ngha); tng v Thanh Lng: Dng Xun Ho 1965 (ng ngha); Ht. Quy t: Dng Xun Ho, Nguyn Thm, Nguyn c Khoa 1975 (ng ngha) (non Nguyn Vn Lim 1967, khng hp thc); Ht. La Trng: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (ng ngha). Series of Xom Con Giau (part.): Fromaget J. 1927 (synonym); Thanh Lng Horizon: Dng Xun Ho 1965 (synonym); Quy t Fm.: Dng Xun Ho, Nguyn Thm, Nguyn c Khoa 1975 (synonym) (non Quy t Beds: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967, invalid); La Trng Fm.: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (synonym).

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Mng Ch (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - evon gia, Eifel. Early Devonian - Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. T Hong Tinh, 1971 (ip - Suite). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Pia Phng (part.) Synonym of Pia Phng Fm. (part.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Mng Hinh (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun Late Jurassic. 2. L Duy Bch (trong Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1988) (Jura mun - Creta sm;. Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Thanh Ho, Ngh An v H Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ho, Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. B dy ni B Qum, vng Mng Hinh (T Thanh Ho); x = 1948, y = 10504.

NE of the B Qum Range, Mng Hinh area (W Thanh Ho). 5. Phn di: cui kt, ct kt, t tuf chuyn ln ryolit porphyr xen tuf, 1000 m; phn trn: ryolit porphyr, acit porphyr, felsit xen t thu knh ct kt, ct kt tuf, bt kt, t cui kt, 1000 m Lower part: conglomerate, sandstone, some tuff grading upward to porphyritic rhyolite and its tuff, 1000 m; upper part: porphyritic rhyolite, porphyritic dacite, felsite, some lenses of sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, some conglomerate, 1000 m. 6. 2000 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Quy Lng tui Lain Unconformably lying upon Ladinian Quy Lng Fm. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 10. Ryolit Trias: Jacob C. 1921 (khng hp thc) Triassic Rhyolite: Jacob C. 1921 (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Mng Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon - Permi

Carboniferous - Permian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh, Nguyn a, Phm Huy Thng 1985. 9. ng ngha ca Ht. Mi (= Bc Sn) Synonym of Mi (=Bc Sn) Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1998 Mng Th (Srie) 1. Gothlani Gothlandian. 2. Deprat J. 1914 (Srie de Muong Th); Dussalt L.1929 (Schiste et grs de Muong Th). 10. Mt phn c xp vo Ht. Sng Mua, mt phn vo Ht. Bn Ngun Invalid, a part has been attributed to Sng Mua Fm. and a part-to Bn Ngun Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Mng Th ( phin v ct kt, Shale and sandstone) 1. Gotlani Gothlandien. 2. Dussault L. 1929.

10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn (= Mi) synonym of bc sn (= Mi) 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Mng Trai (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain mun Middle Triassic, late Ladinian. 2. Trn ng Tuyt (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La and Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc sui Mng Trai, gn bn Mng Trai Along the Mng Trai stream, near Mng Trai village; x = 2132; y = 10342. 5. a) Ct kt tuf, phun tro mafic, 100 m; b) st vi xen ct kt, lp kp phin st v bt kt; 400450 m; c) phin st, bt kt, lp kp bt kt vi, 200-250 m; d) vi, 300m; e) bt kt, ct kt xen phin st, tuf, lp kp phun tro mafic, 600700 m. a) Tuffaceous sandstone, mafic effusives, 100 m; b) marl, sandstone, interbeds of clay shale and siltstone; 400-450 m; c) clay shale, siltstone,

interbeds of calcareous siltstone, 200-250 m; d) limestone, 300m; e) siltstone, sandstone, clay shale, tuffs and interbeds of mafic effusives; 600-700 m. 6. 1600 - 1800 m. 7. Costatoria goldfussi (b), Trigonodus zhamoidai (b), T. trapezoidalis myophorioides (b), Daonella fluxa (c), D. lommeli (c), D. bulogensis (c), Posidonia wengensis (c, e), Zittelihalobia cf. comata (c), Z. comata (e), Halobia aff. H. austriaca (e). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Paleozoi; chnh hp di Ht. Nm Mu tui Carni Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic sediments, conformably under Carnian Nm Mu Fm. 9. Bin nng chuyn ln bin su Marine, shallow- to deep-water. 10. Ht. Bn Tang (mt phn): ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) (ng ngha); ip Sin Cao: Bi Ph M (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (ng ngha, v mt ct chun khng in hnh cho ton bn). Nhng ti liu o v a cht t l 1:50.000 gn y cho thy c kh nmg cc lp phun tro mafic khng thuc Ht. Mng Trai m thuc Ht. Vin Nam. L h tng di ca lot Sng .

Bn Tang Fm. (part.): Dovzhikov and Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al, 1965) (part.); Sin Cao Suite: Bi Ph M (in Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977) (synonym, because the stratotype is not typical for the basin). Recent geological mapping materials have been showing that, possibly, mafic effusive beds do not belong to the Mng Trai Fm., but to the Vin Nam Fm.. Being the lower formation of the Sng Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Mng Xn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet - Carbon sm Middle Devonian, Givetian - Early Carboniferous. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, Nguyn c Khoa 1995. 10. Khng hp thc, ng danh ca Gneis v granit Mng Xn [Algonki -- Tin Cambri (Fromaget 1937)]. c t tn li l Ht. K Sn Invalid, homonym of the "Muong Xen gneiss and granite" (Gneiss et granite de Muong Xen: Fromaget 1937). Renamed as K Sn Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 M c (Lot, Group) 1. evon gia, cui Givet - u Carbon sm, Turnai Middle Devonian, Late Givetian - Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, Nguyn c Khoa 1995 (H tng - Formation0. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North Trung B; Qung Bnh province. 5. Bao gm cc phn v thnh phn sau y: a) Ht. Tn Lm (tn c C Bai): vi en phn lp dy, phong ph Foraminifera, Stromatoporoidea, San h, Brachiopoda; b) Ht. (tp) X Bng Hing: vi sng mu, phn lp mng, ngho ha thch; c) Ht. Phong Nha: vi en, phong ph ha thch thuc sinh i Quasiendothyra. a) Including Tn Lm (= C Bai) Fm.: dark grey, thick-bedded limestone bearing abundant Foraminifers, Stromatoporoids, Corals, Brachiopods; b) X Bng Hing Fm. (Member): ash-grey thin-bedded limestone; c) Phong Nha Fm.: dark grey limestone bearing abundant faunas of the Quasiendothyra biozone. 10. Cc tc gi ca phn v m t l Ht. M c. Vi c th ca cc phn v thnh phn, nn coi M c l lot bao gm ba h tng nh m t trn y

This unit was described by its authors as M Dc Fm. with three members, but based on the characteristics of its components, this unit should be a tripartite group as above described. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 M Tho (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996). 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.31 ti th x M Tho Hole LK.31 at M Tho Town; x=1022, y=10621. 5. a) Ct ln cui si xen bt st, 28m; b) ct bt di, trn l bt st, bt, 30m. a) Sand mixed with pebble, intercalated with clayey silt, 28m; b) silty sand grading upward to clayey silt and silt, 30m. 6. 58 m. 7. Amphistegina cf. lessoni (a), A. aff. madagascarensis (a), Pseudorotalia sp. (a),

Operculina sp. (a), Textularia sp. (a), Siphonaperta aglutinans (a); Fagaceae gen. indet. (a,b), Fagus sp. (a,b), Quercus sp. (a,b), Q. pubescens (a,b), Castanopsis sp. (a,b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Bnh Minh (QI2) v bt chnh hp di trm tch Pleistocen trng - thng Conformably overlying Bnh Minh Fm (QI2), but unconformably underlying Middle - Upper Pleistocene formations. 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 8/1998

N.
Na Bo (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de schiste et de calcaire). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Invalid, synonym of Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Na Ca (Srie) 1. Devon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de schiste et de calcaire). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Invalid, synonym of Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Na Ch (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de schiste et de calcaire). 10. Khng hp thc, xem Ht. Mia L Invalid, see Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Na Dng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Cao Bng v Lng Sn

East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng and Lng Sn Provinces. 4. Theo sui Tng Da v cc moong Nam Na Dng; x = 2142, y = 10658. Along Tng Da stream and in the south area of Na Dng coal mine 5. a) Phn di: xen k dng nhp ca ct kt, bt kt, phin st, st than v 4 va than nu, 130m; b) phn trn: xen k dng nhp ca ct kt, bt kt, st kt v 5 va than nu, 120m a) Lower part: rhythmic intercalation of sandstone, siltstone, clay shale, coaly shale and 4 brown-coal seams, 130m; b) upper part: rhythmic intercalation of sandstone, siltstone, clay shale and 5 brown-coal seams, 120m. 6. 200-450 m. 7. Hai mnh nc ngt, Bo t phn hoa, cc vt in l ca phc h Quercus aff. parceserrata Laurophyllum (hoc Quercus - Castanea) (a), vt in l ca cc phc h: Graminiphyllum - Phragmites oeningensis, Quercus cf. lobbii - Diospyros brachysepala, v Nelumbo protospeciosa Graminiphyllum cng vi cc phc h bo t phn hoa (b) Fresh-water bivalves, spores and pollens, imprints of leaves from Quercus aff. parceserrata -

Laurophyllum (or Quercus-Castanea) assemblage (a); imprints of leaves from Graminiphyllum Phragmites oeningensis, Quercus cf. lobbii Diospyros brachysepala, Nelumbo protospeciosa Graminiphyllum assemblages, sporo-pollenic assemblages (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Cao Bng (N12) Conformably upon the Cao Bng Fm. (N12). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk., 1965 (khng hp thc); ip N Cp: Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ng ngha); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (khng hp thc); Ht. Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk., V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.), 1989 (ng ngha) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al., 1965 (invalid); N Cp Suite: Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (synonym); Miocene: Trn nh Nhn in Trn Vn Tr et al.), 1977 (invalid); Na Dng Fm. (part.): Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al., 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al.),1989 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1998

 Na Man (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Srie de Na-Man). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Invalid; synonym of Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Na Yan (Srie) 1. Orovic Ordovician. 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de Na Yan). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N M. a danh ng: N Dm Invalid; synonym of N M Fm. Correct locality name: N Dm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 N Cp (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen thng Upper Miocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite).

10. Trnh Dnh (1986) xp vo Ht. Na Dng (N13 nd) trn c s nghin cu chi tit v a tng v c thc vt. Attributed by Trnh Dzanh (1986) to the Na Dng Fm on the basis of detailed study on stratigraphy and flora fossils. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 N on (Tp, Member) 1. evon sm Early Devonian 2. L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng 1996 3. ng Bc B (I.1), tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.2) H Giang province. 4. Mt ct N Ting (gn N on), cch Mu Du 2,5km v pha ty, vng Yn Minh, tnh H Giang. N Ting Section (near N on), 2,5km west of Mu Du, Yn Minh area, H Giang Province. 5. a) vi st, st vi, vi silic phn lp mng n va, 250m; b) st vi phn lp mng n va, 30m; c) phin st phn lp mng xen bt kt, 40m; d) vi, vi st phn lp mng, 30m. a) Thin- to middle-bedded marly limestone, marl, siliceous limestone, 250m; b) thin- to middlebedded marl, 30m; c) thin-bedded shale with

interbeds of siltstone, 40m; d) thin-bedded limestone and marly limestone, 30m. 6. 350 m 7. Nowakia ex gr. zlichovensis, Styliolina sp. (b); Nowakia ex gr. zlichovensis, N. elegans, Trilobita indet. (c). 8. Bin Marine 9. Chnh hp trn tp B Mi v di h tng Bng Ca Conformably overlying the B Mi Member and underlying the Bng Ca Fm. 10. L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng (1999) chia Ht. N Qun thnh hai tp: B Mi v N on (xem thm mc ny) ng vi phn di v phn trn ca Ht N Qun. Tuy vy, s khc nhau v thnh phn thch hc ca hai tp ny t ra khng r nt nn kh phn bit nh l nhng tp chnh danh ca thch a tng L Vn Giang, T Ho Phng (1999) divided the N Qun Fm. into two Members B Mi (see also this item) and N on corresponding to lower and upper part respectively of this formation. However, lithologically these two members cannot be clearly distinguished, and they are recognized with difficulty.

11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. N Hang (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. E.. Vasilevskaya (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk,1963). 10. Hin nay c xp vo cc h tng khc nhau tui Neoproterozoi v Paleozoi (Chim Ho, Sng Chy, Pia Phng, Sa Pa, Nm C) Attributed now to different formations of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic ages (namely Chim Ha, Sng Chy, Pia Phng, Sa Pa and Nm C Fms.). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 N Khut (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) (Trias gia-mun: Middle-Late Triassic) 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn v Qung Ninh.

East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, H Bc, Thi Nguyn and Qung Ninh. 4. Trn ng t Mai Pha i N Khut, N th x Lng Sn; x = 2148; y = 10645. On the earth road from Mai Pha to the N Khut village, SE of Lng Sn Town. 5. a) vi st en, 25m; b) bt kt vi, 90m; c) ct kt thch anh, 45m; d) bt kt, 160 m; e) ct kt xen t bt kt, 40m; f) bt kt, 300 m; g) ct kt xen t bt kt, 130 m; h) bt kt, 180 m a) Black clayish limestone, 25 m; b) calcareous siltstone, 90 m; c) quartz sandstone, 45m; d) siltstone, 160 m; e) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 40 m; f) siltstone, 300 m; g) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 130 m; h) siltstone, 180 m. 6. 1080 - 1200 m. 7. Kellnerites samneuaensis (a), Neoschizodus orbicularis (b), Langsonella elongata (b), Mysidioptera gigantea (b), Velopecten albertii (d), Costatoria proharpa (d), C. pahangensis (e), Trigonodus sandbergeri (f), T. trapezoidalis (f), T. zhamoidai (f), etc. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Khn Lng tui Anisi; chnh hp di Ht. Mu Sn tui Carni Conformably lying upon Anisian Khn Lng Fm.; conformably under Carnian Mu Sn Fm.

9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. phin cha Margarites samneuaensis: Patte 1927 (tng ng cc tp a v b); tng a Phc: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (ng ngha); ip Sn Dng: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (ng ngha); ip Dng Hu: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (ng ngha); ip Tri Su: Phm Vn Quang, 1973 (ng ngha); ip o Nhe: Phm nh Long 1974 (ng ngha) Margarites samneuaensis Shale: Patte 1927 (equivalent to the a and b members); a Phc Fm.: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (synonym); Sn Dng Suite: Phm Vn Quang 1967 (synonym); Dng Hu Suite: Phm Vn Quang 1967 (synonym); Tri Su Suite: Phm Vn Quang 1967 (synonym); o Nhe Suite: Phm nh Long 1974 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 N M (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic (gia - mun) Middle - Late Ordovician. 2. Patte E. 1927 (Nam M); Phm nh Long et al. 1981 (N M). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn

East Bc B (I.1); Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn provinces. 4. Bn N M (trn ng t nh C - Trng X), V Nhai, Thi Nguyn N M village (along the road from nh C townlet to Trng X village), V Nhai district, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o44'; y = 106o03'. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh xen vi lp hoc thu knh quarzit, 100m; b) phin st xen bt kt v phin st, bt kt phn lp rt mng, cu to phn di song song rt c trng, ct kt arkos, chuyn dn ln phin st xen bt kt v t lp ct kt, 150m; c) bt kt, 100m a) Quartz sandstone, interbeds or lenses of quartzite, 100m; b) shale, interbeds of, thinbedded, stripped siltstone and shale, arkose sandstone, gradually passing to clay shale, siltstone and some quartzite interbeds in the upper part, 150m; c) siltstone, 100m. 6. 200 - 400 m. 7. Plasmoporella sp. (c), Plectambonitinae (c), Synhomalonotus birmanicus (c), Lonchodomas aff. yohi (c), Ceraurinus sp. (c), Lepidocycloides ? sp. (c), Ectenoglossa sp. (c), Calymene sp. (c), Vietnamia douvillei.

8. Chnh hp trn Ht. M ng v khng chnh hp di Ht. Si Ka (lot Sng Cu) Conformably lying upon M ng Fm., but unconformably under Si Ka Fm. (Sng Cu Group). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Srie Nam Ho: Giraud J. 1918 (ng ngha); Srie Na Yan: Giraud J. 1918 (ng ngha) Srie de Nam Ho: Giraud J. 1918 (synonym); Srie de Na Yan: Giraud J. 1918 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 N Ngn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Phm nh Long 1975. 10. ng ngha ca lot Sng Cu: Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964 (ip Sng Cu) Synonym of Sng Cu Group: Trn Vn Tr et al. (Sng Cu Suite). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 N Qun (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm-gia, Emsi (?) - Eifel Early - Middle Devonian, Emsian (?) - Eifelian. 2. Dng Xun Ho, Rzonsnickaja M.A. 1968: (Tng Formation); Phm nh Long 1975: (ip Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. Bn N Qun i Bng Ca, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng; x = 220 48', y = 1060 46' From N Qun village to Bng Ca, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province. 5. Phn di: a) vi ti kt tinh, mu xm sm, 40m; vi ti kt tinh phn lp mng, 60m; c) vi xen phin vi, 50m; d) vi ht nh, 50m; Phn trn: e) vi ht nh xen phin st, 20m; f) vi ht nh, phn lp mng, 60m; g) vi silic, 15m; h) vi ht nh phn lp mng xen mt t st vi, 50m; i) vi ht nh, phn lp dy, 20m; k) vi ht nh phn lp mng, 80m Lower part: a) Dark grey, recrystallized limestone, 40m; b) grey, thin- bedded recrystallized limestone, 60m; c) limestone and intercalated marl, 50m; d) fine-grained limestone, 50m; Upper part:

e) fine-grained limestone, interbeds of clay shale, 20m; f) fine-grained thin-bedded limestone, 60m; g) cherty limestone, 15m; h) fine-grained, thinbedded limestone, interbeds of marl, 50m; i) finegrained, thick-bedded limestone, 20m; k) finegrained, thin- bedded limestone, 80m. 6. 400 - 450 m 7. Cladopora sp. (a), Coenites cf. vermicularis (a); Amphipora sp. (a, b), Coenites sp. (b); Favosites golfussi (c), F. regularissimus (c, d); F. stellaris (d), Parastriatopora champungensis (d); Nowakia sp. (e), Viriatellina dalejensis (e), V. irregularis (e); Favosites shengi (f), Heliolites intermedius (f), H. cambaoi (f); Alveolites insignis (h), Heliolites porosus (h), Tabulophyllum curtoseptatum (h), Spongophyllum halisitoides (h); Favosites sp. (k), Thamnopora aff. kolodaensis (k), Cuctienphyllum vietnamicum (k). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Lc Khiu (D1 lk) v di Ht H Lang (D2 gv hl) Conformably overlying the Lc Khiu Fm. (D1 lk) and underlying the H Lang Fm. (D2 gv-hl). 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow water. 10. Dng Xun Ho (1968) xc lp tng N Qun tui Eifel nhng khng m t mt ct chun. Phm

nh Long (1975) m t ip N Qun nh trnh by trn y. Ht. N Qun c coi l tng thp nht ca lot Bn Pp ng Bc B. vi Pa Pei: Bourret R. 1922 (ng ngha). Dng Xun Ho (1968) described N Qun Fm., Eifelian in age, without the description of the stratotype; above description of its stratotype were made by Phm nh Long (1975). The N Qun Fm. is the lowest component of the Bn Pp Group in East Bc B. Pa Pei Limestone: Bourret R. 1922 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nagotna (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. Zeiller R., 1903. 10. Hin c xp vo phn trn Ht. Hn Gai Attributed at present to the upper part of the Hn Gai Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nam Cn Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen thng

Upper Miocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ip - Suite) 3. Ty Nam B (IV), trng Nam Cn Sn West Nam B (IV), Nam Cn Sn Depression. 4. L khoan Da-1X, b sung theo cc l khoan 28A-1X, 29-A-1X, 12-A-1X, 12-C-1X v 04-A-1X. (trn thm lc a) Hole Da-1X, supplemented by data from holes 28-A-1X, 29-A-1X, 12-A-1X, 12-C-1X v 04-A-1X. (on the continental shelf). 5. Bt kt, ct kt, vi (ch yu trung tm trng) Siltstone, sandstone, limestone (mainly in the centre of basin) 6. 800-1100 m. 7. Trng l thuc phc h Operculina Amphistegina, gm cc dng c trng: Globorotalia acostensis, Gl. dutertrei. Assemblage Operculina - Amphistegina, with characteristics species: Globorotalia acostensis, Gl. dutertrei. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht Thng (N12). Unconformably upon the Thng Fm. (N12) 9. Bin nng Shallow marine. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh).

12. 9/1999 Nam Du (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleozoi sm - gia Early-Middle Paleozoic 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.) 1990. 10. Mt ct ca h tng hin nay c xp vo cc Ht. Hn c, Hn Heo v t . Invalid. The section of this formation has been attributed at present to the Hn c, Hn Heo and t Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nam Ho, Nam Mo (Srie) 1. Orovic Ordovician. 2. Patte E. 1927 (Srie de Nam Ho, Srie de Nam Mo). 10. Khng hpthc v khng ng chnh t. ng ngha ca Ht. N M. Invalid and orthographic misspelling. Synonym of N M Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 Nam (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen sm-gia Early-Middle Holocene. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1995. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Cam Ranh: L c An v nnk. 1976 Synonym of Cam Ranh Fm.: L c An et al. 1976. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Nm Cn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene 2. Trnh Dnh, Phm Vn Hi v nnk. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); trong cc l khoan ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); within boreholes in the Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan BT.1 (160-270 m), Bn Tre. B sung theo l khoan CM.2 (C Mau) v cc l khoan khc ng bng Nam B

Hole BT.1 (160-270m) at Bn Tre with supplementary data from the hole CM.2 (C Mau) and others in West Nam B plain. 5. a) Ct, 19m; b) bt, st, 16m; c) ct, bt, 15m; d) ct, 20m; e) st, 40m a) Sand, 19m; b) silt, clay, 16m; c) sand, silt, 15m; d) sand, 20m; e) clay, 40m 6. 46 - 160 m. 7. Phc h BTPH (Sporo-pollenic assemblage): Lygodium, Lycopodium, Ceratopteris, Cyathea, Vittaria, Pteris, Angiopteris, Picea, Pinus, Acanthium, Nyssa, Malvaceae, Sonneratia, Rhizophora (b); Trng l: (Foraminifers): Globoquadrina dutextrei, Eponides umbonatus, Elphidium, Ammonica beccarii, A. japonica, Bolivina robusta,... (a, c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Cn Th (N21) v di trm tch Pleistocen trung - thng Unconformably upon the Cn Th Fm (N21), and under Middle-Upper Pleistocene formations. 9. Bin nng Shallow marine. 10. Ht. Bnh Minh (aQI2 - Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1991); Ht. M Tho (amQI3 - Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk); Ht. C Mau (mQ13 - Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk) (ng ngha)

M Tho Fm. (amQI3 - Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1991); C Mau Fm. (mQ13 - Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al.) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Nm Bay (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen Oligocene. 2. Trn ng Tuyt v nnk. 3. Mng T (II.1), Nam Mng T, Lai Chu Mng T zone (II.1), South of Mng T District, Lai Chu Province. 4. ng t t N Pheo i Si Pa Phn Along the road from N Pheo to Si Pa Phn; x = 2148, y = 10256. 5. a) Cui kt c s, 2m; b) sn kt, 6m; c) ct kt ht va, 18m; d) st kt v bt kt, 55m; e) xen k ca bt kt, st kt, ct kt ht mn n va, 140m a) Basal conglomerate, 2m; b) gritstone, 6m; c) medium-grained sandstone, 18m; d) claystone, siltstone, 55m; e) intercalation of siltstone, claystone, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, 140m. 6. 221 m.

7. e)Pinuspollenites sp., Podocarpites Trudopollenites sp., Piceapollenites Gleichenicidites sp., Cyathecidites Osmundacidites sp., Lygodiumsporites Pterisisporites sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Mesozoi Unconformably upon Mesozoic sediments. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1997.

sp., sp., sp., sp.,

Nm Cn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia-mun, Givet - Frasni Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian - Frasnian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong Nguyn Vn Honh & Phm Huy Thng 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An province. 4. Theo sui Nm Cn, cch ca sui khong 4km, nam n bin phng Gip Khu. Hypostratotyp: Nong Da (Nong Gi) - ca sui Hui Cng Along the Nm Cn stream, 4km from its mouth, south of Gip Khu Border Post; x = 19026'; y = 1040 06'. Hypostratotype: Nong Da - Hui Cng

rivermouth. 5. a) vi bitum mu xm en, 280m; b) vi mu xm sng i khi ti kt tinh, 200m; c) vi mu xm en xen cc lp phin st, 90m. a) Dark-grey bituminous limestone, 280m; b) light-grey limestone, locally recrystallized, 200m; c) dark-grey limestone, interbeds of clay shale, 90m. 6. 570 - 600 m. 7. Actinostroma expansum (a), A. crassepilatum (a), Stachyodes radiata (a), S. caespitosa (a), S. verticillata (a) Amphipora ramosa minor (a), Scoliopora denticulata (a), Thamnopora boloniensis (a), Amphipora rudis (b), A. franca (b), A. recta (b), A. moravica (b), A. aff. laxeperforata (b), Stachyodes costulata (b), S. lagowiensis (b), Ancyrognathus triangularis (c), Palmatolepis foliacea (c), P. gigas (c), P. cf. triangularis (c), Polygnathus xylus (c), Spathognathodus sp. (c), Hindeodella sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Hui Li Conformably overlying the Hui Li Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 Nm C (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. ovjikov A.E., 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu and Thanh Ho Provinces. 4. Dc Nm Mc, thng ngun Nm C Along the Nm Mc Stream, upper course of Nm C River; x = 2140, y = 10315 5. a) phin hai mica -granat, 300-350 m; b) phin thch anh -mica xen phin sericit-clorit, phin thch anh -sericit,150-250 m; c) phin thch anh felspat- hai mica, 100 m; d) phin mica, phin horblen-granat, 100 m; e) phin thch anh -muscovit xen quarzit, 400 m; f) quarzit, quarzit c muscovit-felspat, 500 m; g) phin thch anh -sericit xen quarzit, 600 m a) Two mica - garnet schist, 300-350 m; b) quartzmica schist, sericite-chlorite schist, quartz-sericite schist, 150-250 m; c) quartz-feldspar- two-mica schist, 100 m; d) micaschist, hornblende-garnet schist, 100 m; e) quartz-muscovite schist, quartzite,

400m; f) quartzite, muscovite-feldspar bearing quartzite, 500 m; g) quartz-sericite schist, quartzite, 600m. 6. 2500 m. 7. Zonosphaeridium sp. (g), Laminarites sp. (g), Archaehystrichosphaeridium sp. (g), Trachyoligotriletum sp. (g). 8. Ranh gii di cha r, b ph bi cui kt tui Cambri trung Lower boundary unknown, unconformably covered by Middle Cambrian formation. 9. Bin nng. Bin cht tng phin lc. Marine, shallow water. Greenschist facies of metamorphism. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Nm Ci (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleozoi sm - gia Early - Middle Paleozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu province.

4. Sui Nm Ci (Nm Cui), Lai Chu Nm Ci (Nm Cui) stream, Lai Chu province; x = 220 17', y = 1030 08'. 5. a) Ct kt xen phin b sericit ha, 300m; b) phin st xen phin b sericit ha v vi lp ct kt, 400m; c) cui kt, quarzit, ct kt xen mt t phin, chuyn dn ln quarzit xen vi lp phin cha vt cht than, 150m; d) phin st xen nhng lp ct kt, chuyn dn ln phin st, 150m; e) phin carbonat, st vi, vi st, vi, 100m; f) phin st phn lp mng xen ct kt, thnh thong xen vi lp ryolit, ryolit porphyr, 300m. a) Sandstone, interbeds of sericitized schist, 300m; b) clay shale, interbeds of sericitized schist and some quartzite beds, 400m; c) conglomerate, quartzite, sandstone, some shale interbeds, gradually passing upward to quartzite and some coaly shale interbeds, 150m; d) clay shale, interbeds of sandstone gradually passing upward to clay shale, 150m; e) calcareous shale, marl, clayish limestone, limestone, 100m; f) thin-bedded clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, rarely of rhyolite and porphyritic rhyolite, 300m. 6. 1400 m. 7. Proetus cf. blondeli ( f ).

8. Quan h vi cc trm tch c hn khng quan st c; khng chnh hp di ngun ni la ca Ht Sng (C3-P1 s) Lower boundary unknown; unconformably underlying volcanogenic rocks of Sng Fm. (C3P1 s) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Indosinias h (mt phn): Fromaget J. 1937 (ng ngha); ? Ht. Lai Chu v trm tch Eifel - Givet (trong khu vc Lai Chu - Mng T): ovjikov A.E. 1965 (ng ngha) Lower Indosinias (part.): Fromaget J. 1937 (synonym); ? Lai Chu Fm. and Eifelian - Givetian sediments (in Lai Chu - Mng T area): Dovzhikov A.E. 1965 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nm L (H tng, Formation) 1. Sini-Cambri Sinian-Cambrian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1970. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Nm C: ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965

Synonym of Nm C Fm.: Dovzhikov A.E. et al, 1965 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Nm Mu (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Carni Late Triassic, Carnian. 2. ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) (Trias gia-mun; Middle-Late Triassic). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3), cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Ho Bnh West Bc B (I.3), Lai Chu, Sn La and Ho Bnh provinces. 4. Lu vc Nm Mu, khong gia cc ca sui Nm S v Nm Mt; x = 2151; y = 10342. Nm Mu basin, between the estuaries of Nm S and Nm Mt; 5. a) phin st, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 400 m; b) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp phin st, 100 m; c) phin st dng bng, bt kt, ct kt, 700 m. a) Clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone; 400 m; b) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of clay shale, 100 m; c) slate, siltstone, sandstone, 700 m. 6. 1200-1500 m.

7. Halobia austriaca (a), H. talauana (a), Zittelihalobia superba (a), Z. hochstetteri (a), H. cf. lepsiusi (c), Margaritropites fongthoensis (c), Juvavites edgari (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Mng Trai tui Lain; khng chnh hp di Ht. Sui Bng tui Nori-Ret Conformably lying upon Ladinian Mng Trai Fm.; unconformably under Norian-Rhaetion Sui Bng Fm. 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. phin Carni: Fromaget, 1941 (khng hp l). Srie S Phn (mt phn): Dussault 1922 (ng ngha). L h tng gia ca lot Sng Carnian shale: Fromaget, 1941 (invalid). S Phn Srie(part.): Dussault 1922 (synonym). Being the middle formation of the Sng Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Nm Pa (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Tng Duy Thanh 1978, Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986.

3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Thanh Ha West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La and Thanh Ha provinces. 4. Vng ca sui Nm Pa, b phi sng , Lai Chu Nm Pa stream mouth area, right bank of river, Lai Chu province; x = 22006'; y = 103016'. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt dng quarzit, 6 - 10m; b) ct kt dng quarzit, mt s lp mng sn kt pha di v phin st pha trn, 80m; c) phin st v phin vi, 120 - 130m; d) phin st xen phin st vi ln silic v nhng thu knh vi, mt s lp mng vi, 170 - 180m. a) Conglomerate, gritstone, quartzitic sandstone, 6 - 10m; b) quartzitic sandstone, some thin gritstone interbeds in the lower part and shale in the upper part, 80m; c) clay shale and marl, 120 - 130m; d) clay shale, interbeds of cherty marl and limestone lenses, some thin limestone interbeds, 170 - 180m. 6. 120 - 400m. 7. Favosites sp. (c), Pachyfavosites sp. (c) Squameofavosites sp. (c), Favosites aff. stellaris (d), F. cf. saurini (d), F. alpina (d), Squameofavosites cf. cechicus (d), S. brusnitzini (d), Emmonsia yenlacensis (d), Cladopora

rectilinaeta (d), C. spinosa (d), Coenites ramosus (d), Chaetetes ninae (d), Chaetetipora vietnamica (d), C. sokolovi (d), C. muonglaiensis (d), Aulacella zhamoidai (d), Schellwienella umbraculum (d), Howittia wangi (= Hysterolites wangi) (d). Ti lng C Mi (Cm Thu, Thanh Ho) trong phin st tng ng vi tp c -- At C Mi village (Cm Thu, Thanh Ho Province), from clay shale corresponding to (c): Dicoelostrophia annamitica, Euryspirifer tonkinensis, Schellwienella lantenoisi, Stropheodonta pattei (V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc Ht ng Sn, Hm Rng, Sng M v chnh hp di Ht Bn Pp Unconformably overlying ng Sn, Hm Rng and Sng M Fms., and conformably underlying the Bn Pp Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Bi Ph M (1971, in litt.) ln u m t khi lng phn v ny di tn gi trm tch evon h, trong khi vo thi im , khi lng a tng tng t nhng ni khc vn c coi l evon trung, Eifel. Trn t Bn a cht Lo Cai - Kim Bnh (1982) h tng ny c xp tui evon sm evon gia, Eifel; Ht. C Mi: Pham Vn Quang v nnk, 1973 (ng ngha)

Bi Ph M (1971, in litt.) firstly described this formation as Lower Devonian, while in other areas of North Vit Nam the similar formations have been assigned to Middle Devonian, Eifelian. It was dated as Lower Devonian - Eifelian in the Geological Map of Lo Cai - Kim Bnh Sheet (1982); C Mi Fm.: Phm Vn Quang et al. 1973 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nm P (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia Early - Middle Jurassic. 2. ovjikov A. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965). 3. Mng T (II.1); tnh Lai Chu Mng T (II.1); Lai Chu Province. 4. Dc theo Nm P, on ct qua ng i Mng Nh; x = 2102, y = 10255 Along the P Stream, where it is crossed by the road to Mng Nh. 5. a) Bt kt xm nu, st kt nu , 40 m; b) bt kt nu , ct kt phn lp xin, 250 m; c) ct kt, t bt kt nu , 700 m. a) Grey-brownish siltstone, chocolate claystone, 40 m; b) chocolate siltstone, cross-bedded

sandstone, 250 m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 700 m. 6. 1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sui Bng tui Nori-Ret Conformably lying upon Norian-Rhaetian Sui Bng Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nm Qua (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura - Creta Jurassic - Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977) 10. Hin c xp vo Ht. Vn Chn Invalid; attributed at present to Vn Chn Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1999 Nm Sm (Srie) 1. Trias Triassic. 2. Dussault L., 1920.

10. Vng c mt ct chun nm tnh Ha Phn (Lo). Vit Nam, hin c m t trong 3 h tng: ng Tru, Hong Mai v Quy Lng The stratotypic area is situated in the Ha Phn Province (Laos). In Vit Nam, it is described at present as 3 formations, namely ng Tru, Hong Mai and Quy Lng. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nm Sp (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm-gia Early- Middle Triassic. 2. ovjikov A. & Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965). 10. Hin c xp vo cc h tng khc nhau tui Paleozoi gia Attributed at present to different formations of Middle Paleozoic age. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nm Tt (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Tng Duy Thanh 1993; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986

(Hp tng - Unifying Horizon). 3. Bc B (I.1; I.2; I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng v Hi Dng. Bc B (I.1; I.2;I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng and Hi Dng Provinces. 4. Phn trn ca mt ct N Qun - Bng Ca, chun ca h tng N Qun (Phm nh Long 1975) Upper part of N Qun - Bng Ca section, stratotype of the N Qun Formation (Phm nh Long 1975). 5. Phn v thi a tng khu vc, hp nht cc thnh phn tng ng vi phn gia ca lot Bn Pp, phn trn ca h tng N Qun v cc thnh phn tng ng Bc B cha phc h ho thch Pachyfavosites polymorphus Viriatellina dalejensis, tui Eifel Regional chronostratigraphic unit, unifying the middle part of Bn Pp Group, upper part of N Qun Fm. and their equivalents in Bc B bearing the Eifelian Pachyfavosites polymorphus Viriatellina dalejensis Assemblage. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 Nm Thm (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain sm Middle Triassic, Early Ladinian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Nam v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, H Nam and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. Theo sui Nm Thm t Na H i Bn Cui Along the Nm Thm stream from Na H to Bn Cui; x = 2111; y = 10402. 5. a) St vi, lp kp vi, 100 m; b) bt kt, phin st, 120 m; c) st vi, thu knh vi, 120 m; d) bt kt, phin st, lp kp ct kt, 420 m. a) Marl, interbeds of limestone, 100 m; b) siltstone, clay shale, 120 m; c) marl, lenses of limestone, 120 m; d) siltstone, clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, 420 m. 6. 500 - 800 m. 7. Daonella bulogensis (a), D. pichleri (a), Posidonia wengensis (a), Protrachyceras costulatum (d), P. villanovae (d), Rimkinites tonkinensis (d). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Giao tui Anisi

Unconformably lying upon Anisian ng Giao Fm. 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. Srie S Phn (mt phn): Dussault 1922 (synonym); Ht. Ph L: ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (mt phn) (khng hp thc do mt ct m t sai). L h tng trn ca lot Sn La S Phn Srie (part.): Dussault 1922 (synonym); Ph L Fm.: Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (part.) (invalid by the wrong description of the section). Being the upper formation of the Sn La Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Nm Thp (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Ninh Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La and Ninh Bnh provinces.

4. Dc theo khe Mng, trong thung lng Nm Thp Along the Khe Mng stream, in the Nm Thp valley; x = 2130, y = 10424. 5. a) Ct kt, bt kt v st kt nu , 200 m; b) st kt, bt kt nu , 200m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt mu , 100 m a) Sandstone, chocolate siltstone and claystone, 200 m; b) chocolate claystone and siltstone, 200 m; c) sandstone, interbeds of chocolate siltstone, 100 m. 6. 430 - 500 m. 7. Estheria sp. (a,c), Otozamites cf. indosinensis (a), Coniopteris cf. clavipes (a). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sui Bng tui Nori-Ret Conformably lying upon Norian-Rhaetian Sui Bng Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. Inosinias thng (mt phn): Fromaget J. 1934 (khng hp l) Upper Indosinias (part.): Fromaget J. 1934 (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

 Neogen (Trm tch, Sediments) 1. Neogen Neogene. 2. ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1965. 10. Hin chia ra cc h tng khc nhau tui Miocen v Pliocen hoc Neogen khng phn chia Subdivided at present into different formations of Miocene, Pliocene or indiferentiated Neogene. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Ngn Sn ( vi, Limestone) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Calcaire de Ngan Son). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Qun Invalid; synonym of N Qun Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nghi Xun (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm-gia Early-Middle Pleistocene. 2. V Vn Vnh (trong Trn Tnh v nnk.), 1996

3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Ngh An v H Tnh North Trung B (II.2) Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. L khoan LK.5 Nghi Xun, H Tnh Hole LK.5 at Nghi Xun, H Tnh; x = 1839, y = 10545. 5. a) Cui, si sn, ct, 34m; b) bt st, 14,4 m a) Pebble, granule, sand, 34m; b) clayey silt, 14,4m 6. 10-50 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Neogen v di trm tch Pleistocen trung - thng Unconformably lying upon Neogene sediments, and under Middle - Upper Pleistocene. 9. Sng-l Fluvio-proluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Ngha L (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. ovjikov A., Ivanov G., Nguyn Tng Tri (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Yn Bi

West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi Province. 4. B th trn Ngha L NE of the Ngha L small town; x = 2145, y = 10430. 5. a) Cui kt, t bt kt v phin st, 40 m; b) vi phn lp, vi dng khi, 250 m; c) vi st, 100-150 m a) Conglomerate, a little siltstone and clay shale, 40 m; b) bedded and massive limestone, 250 m; c) clayey limestone, 100-150 m. 6. 400 - 450 m. 7. Pseudonodosaria sp. (c), Diplotremina sp. (c), Ophthalmodium sp. (c). 9. Bin Marine. 10. H tng tng b ph nhn do c mt vi din tch phn b ca n c chng minh thuc Paleozoi (Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970). Tuy nhin, theo ti liu o v a cht 1:50 000, vng ng bc th trn Ngha L h tng vi ny nm chnh hp di phin cha Daonella v Halobia tui Lain This formation has been regarded as invalid because some of its distributive areas were demonstrated as Paleozoic (Nguyn Xun Bao,

1970). However, according to the materials of recent geological survey on 1:50 000 scale, the limestone beds in NE of Ngha L small town underlie the clay shale bearing Ladinian Daonella and Halobia. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Ngc Lm (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Frasni Late Devonian, Frasnian. 2. Phm Huy Thng, T Ho Phng, Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng 1999 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Qung Bnh, Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh and Ngh An provinces. 5. phin st, phin st silic, phin silic c cu to sc di, vi silic; i khi c lp mng mangan trong phin st silic Stripped shale, siliceous shale, chert, and siliceous limestone; sometimes manganese thin interbeds in siliceous shale member. 6. 50 -200 m. 7. Palmatolepis subrecta, P. sp., Dacryoconaridae

8. Cc tc gi khng nu r quan h a tng m ch nu Ht Ngc Lm ng vi phn cao ca h tng ng Th (ng Th) v phn di Ht Ct ng Lower and upper boundaries were not described by the authors, but they show that this formation corresponds to upper part of the ng Th Fm. and lower part of the Ct ng Fm. 9. Bin su, thm lc a Marine Deep - water shelf. 11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 12/1999. Ngc Linh (Lot, Group) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai, Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Kon Tum Provinces. 5. Gm 3 Ht. Ia Ban, Sng Re v Tc P Including Ia Ban, Sng Re and Tc P Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998

 Ngi Chi (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Trn Xuyn v nnk, 1988 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Lo Cai East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, Ph Th and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Dc Ngi Chi, Lo Cai Along the Chi Stream, Lo Cai; x = 22015, y = 104015. 5. a) Quarzit graphit, phin biotit- silimanitgranat-graphit, thu knh amphibolit, >940 m; b) phin biotit-silimanit-granat, thu knh amphibolit v hoa, >500m. a) Graphite quartzite, biotite-sillimanite-garnetgraphite schist, lenses of amphibolite, >940 m; b) biotite-sillimanite-garnet schist, lenses of amphibolite and marble, >500 m. 6. >1500m. 8. Nm chnh hp trn Ht. Ni Con Voi, tip xc kin to vi cc h tng tui Paleozoi Conformably lying upon Ni Con Voi Fm., tectonically contacting with Paleozoic formations.

9. Bin, lc nguyn t carbonat v ni la, bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous with minor carbonate and volcanite, amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. Tng ng vi Ht. Thi Ninh v mt phn ca Ht. Ty Cc: Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1968. Coresponding to the Thi Ninh Fm., and a part of the Ty Cc Fm.: Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1968. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Ngi Ht (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Phan Trng Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Lng M i Ba Khe, dc Ngi Qun (mt nhnh ca Ngi Ht) Lng M to Ba Khe, along Ngi Qun (a branch of Ngi Ht River); x = 2155, y = 10430.

5. a) Plagiogneis, lp mng phin hai mica, quarzit mica, >700 m; b) amphibolit, phin hai mica, 1500 m; c) phin hai mica -granat, thu knh hoa, 200 m. a) Plagiogneiss, interbeds of two-mica schist, >700 m; b) amphibolite, two-mica schist, 1500m; c) two-mica - garnet schist, lenses of marble, 200 m. 6. >2500 m. 8. Tip xc kin to vi cc phn v tr hn v c hn Tectonically contacting with older and younger formations. 9. Bin su. Bin cht tng i ng nht tng epiot - amphibolit. Marine, deep water. Epidote - amphibolite facies of metamorphism. 10. C tc gi xp vo Ht. Sinh Quyn Referred to the Sinh Quyn Fm. by some workers 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Ngi Thia (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta Cretaceous.

2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977) (phc h - Complex). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Yn Bi v Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi and Sn La Provinces. 4. Dc Ngi Thia, on gn Phu Lung Along the Thia River, near Phu Lung; x = 2132, y = 10426. 5. Ryolit porphyr, ryolit, porphyr thch anh Porphyritic rhyolite, rhyolite, quartz porphyre. 6. 500 - 2000 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Vn Chn tui Jura mun - Creta sm Unconformably lying upon Upper Jurassic Lower Cretaceous Vn Chn Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, lc a Volcanogenic, continental. 10. Srie Phu Sa Phn (part.): Dussault L. 1921 (khng hp thc do phn v tp hp nhiu h tng khc tui nhau); Ht. T L: Phm c Lng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (ng ngha) Phu Sa Phn Srie (part.): Dussault L. 1921 (invalid, because this unit groups some formations of different ages); T L Fm.: Phm c Lng (in Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977) (synonym). 11. V Khc.

12. 2/1999 Nha Trang (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun Late Cretaceous. 2. Belouxov A. v nnk, 1984. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng v B Ra - Vng Tu South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng and B Ra - Vng Tu Provinces. 4. Vng ln cn thnh ph Nha Trang In the neighbourhood of the Nha Trang City; x = 1215, y = 10908. 5. a) Anesit, 60 m; b) ryolit, ryolit phn di, 130 m; c) tuf acit, tuf felsit, 105 m; d) ryolit porphyr, 65 m; e) ryolit phn di, 115 m; f) ryolit porphyr, 175 m a) Andesite, 60 m; b) rhyolite, banded rhyolite, 130 m; c) dacitic and felsitic tuffs, 105 m; d) porphyritic rhyolite, 65 m; e) banded rhyolite, 115 m; f) porphyritic rhyolite; 175 m. 6. 300 - 650 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn granoiorit phc h nh Qun tui Jura mun

Discordantly lying upon Late Jurassic granodiorite of the nh Qun Complex. 9. Ngun ni la, lc a Volcanogenic, continental. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nh B (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Bi Ph M, Trnh Dnh (trong Bi Ph M), 1986. 3. ng Nam B (III.2); TP H Ch Minh v mt s ni khc East Nam B (III.2); H Ch Minh City and some other areas. 4. L khoan 12 (198-235m) gn knh ng in, huyn Nh B, TP. H Ch Minh. B sung: l khoan 203 p Ch Gia (cu An H) Hole No12 (198-235m) near ng in canal, Nh B District, H Ch Minh City; x = 1042, y = 10645. Supplementary section in hole N0203 at Ch Gia village (An H Bridge). 5. a) Cui kt, ct kt, khong 20m; b) ct kt, bt kt, 17m

a) Conglomerate, sandstone, ~20m; b) sandstone, siltstone, 17m. 6. 30-80 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Dalbergia vi D. bella, D. cf. rectinervis, Pistacia donzaoensis, v.v..., bo t phn hoa: Cystopteris sp., Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Gleichenia sp. Ginkgo sp., Castanopsis sp., Rubiaceae gen. indet., Rhizophora sp., Sabal sp., Calamus sp., v.v... (b) Imprints of leaves of Dalbergia assemblage with: D. bella, D. cf. rectinervis, Pistacia donzaoensis, etc..., sporo-pollenic assemblage: Cystopteris sp., Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Gleichenia sp., Ginkgo sp., Castanopsis sp., Rubiaceae gen. indet., Rhizophora sp., Sabal sp., Calamus sp., etc. (b) 8. Ranh gii di cha r Lower boundary unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Nong Da ( vi, Limestone) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian.

2. Nguyn c Khoa (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Ct ng Invalid. Synonym of Ct ng Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Nng Sn (Lot, Group) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. Bourret R., 1925 (Ret). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province 5. Bao gm cc Ht. An im v Sn Gia Including the An im and Sn Gia Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Ni Con Voi (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Nguyn Vnh, Phan Trng Th, 1973. 3. Sng Hng (I.2); tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, Lo Cai Sng Hng zone (I.2); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces.

4. Dc Ngi Mi, Yn Bi Along the Mi Stream, Yn Bi; x = 21050, y = 104045. 5. a) Plagiogneis biotit-silimanit-almanin, nhiu thu knh amphibolit, i ni c thu knh hoa phn trn, >700 m; b) phin thch anh -biotitsilimanit-granat-graphit xen gneis iopsi, quarzit, thu knh gneis amphibol v amphibolit, 300 m a) Biotite-sillimanite-almandine plagiogneiss, many amphibolite lenses, locally marble lenses in the upper part, >700 m; b) quartz-biotitesillimanite-garnet-graphite schist, diopside gneiss, lenses of amphibole gneiss and amphibolite, 300 m. 6. >1000 m. 8. Rah gii di cha r, chuyn tip ln Ht. Ty Cc (Ngi Chi) Lower boundary unknown, conformably lying under Ty Cc (Ngi Chi) Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng di ca lot Sng Hng Being the lower formation of the Sng Hng Group.

11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1998 Ni Cp (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Trng Cng ng. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province. 4. Chn ni Cp, trn ng Rch Gi i H Tin In the foot of Cp Mt, on the road from Rch Gi to H Tin; x = 1015, y = 10432. 5. a) Tuf aglomerat, dm ni la, 100 m; b) ryolit, felsit, 400 m; c) phin st, phin silic, ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, tuf ryolit, 400 m a) Tuffaceous agglomerate, volcanogenic breccia, 100 m; b) rhyolite, felsite, 400 m; c) clay shale, cherty shale, tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone, rhyolitic tuff, 400 m. 6. 900 m. 7. Frechites sp. (c), Paraceratites cf. elegans (c), Beyrichites sp. (c) (Mi Nai, gn H Tin - Nai Cape, near H Tin). 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi Permi Unconformably lying upon Permian limestone.

9. Ngun ni la, bin Volcanogenic, marine. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Ni V (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic 2 Koliaa A. A. v nnk, 1991. 3.Trung Trung B (III. 1); tnh Qung Nam v Tha Thin - Hu Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam and Tha Thin - Hu Provinces. 4. Ni V, huyn Tin Phc V Mt, Tin Phc District; x = 15028, y = 108018. 5. a) phin plagioclas-amphibol, phin actinolit-clorit-epiot, 800 m; b) phin thch anh - mica, phin thch anh - sericit, phin silic, 800m a) Plagioclase-amphibole schist, actinolitechlorite-epidote schist, 800 m; b) quartz-mica schist, quartz-sericite schist, cherty schist, 800 m. 6. 1600 m.

8. Tip xc kin to vi cc phn v c hn, chuyn tip ln Ht. A Vng Tectonially contacting with older formations, donformably underlying the A Vng Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn - ni la. Bin cht khu vc tng phin lc. Marine, terrigeno-volcanogenic. Greenschist facies of regional metamorphism. 10. Gn y c tc gi coi l h tng di ca lot Khm c (Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., in litt) nhng s phn chia ny cha c chp nhn rng ri. Recently, this unit has been regarded as lower formation of the Khm c Group (Nguyn Xun Bao et al., in litt.) but this classification has not been widely accepted). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Ni Xc (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm Early Jurassic. 2. Nguyn Ch Hng, 1998 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Thanh Ho, Ngh An v H Tnh

North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ho, Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. Dc ng t t Hi L i ng Hc qua ni Xc; x = 1853, y = 10541 Along the earth road from Hi L to ng Hc through Xc Mt. 5. a) Cui kt, ct kt, t sn kt, 250-400 m; b) ct kt, thu knh bt kt nu v sn kt, 100-130 m; c) ct kt, sn kt, 100-130 m; d) ct kt, bt kt, 100-120 m; e) ct kt, t sn kt, 80-100 m; f) ct kt, t bt kt v sn kt, 100-120 m; g) ct kt, t bt kt, thu knh vi v st than, 100-150 m; h) sn kt, cui kt, t ct kt, 60-70 m; i) ct kt, bt kt, 60 m a) Conglomerate, sandstone, a little gritstone, 250-400 m; b) sandstone, lenses of chocolate siltstone and gritstone, 100-130 m; c) sandstone, gritstone, 100-130 m; d) sandstone, siltstone, 100120 m; e) sandstone, minor gritstone, 80-100 m; f) sandstone, minor siltstone and gritstone, 100-120 m; g) sandstone, minor siltstone, lenses of limestone and coaly shale, 100-150 m; h) gritstone, conglomerate, minor sandstone, 60-70 m; i) sandstone, siltstone, 60 m. 6. 960 - 1280 m.

7. Nilssonia ? sp. (a), Equisetites sp. (g), Coniopteris sp. (g), Podozamites ? sp. (g), Radicites sp. (i). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng tui Nori-Ret Conformably upon Norian-Rhaetian ng Fm. 9. Lc a, mu Red continental. 10. Ct kt thng (mt phn): Jacob C. & Dussault L. 1924 (khng hp thc) Upper Sandstone (part.): Jacob C. & Dussault L. 1924 (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Nc M (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 10. Hin c m t l Ht. Tc P Described at present as Tc P Fm. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998

O.
Oligocen (Trm tch, Sediments)

1. Oligocen Oligocene 2. Saurin E., 1956; Fontaine H. et Vozenin - Serra, 1977. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Na Dng (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975) v Ht. Di Linh (Trnh Dnh, 1989) do nghin cu chi tit v c sinh - a tng. Attributed at present to Na Dng Fm. (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975) and Di Linh Fm. (Trnh Dnh, 1989) based on detailed paleontological and stratigraphical data. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Lin (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura Jurassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1971. 10. Hin c xp vo chn Ht. H Ci Attributed at present to the basal part of the H Ci Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

.
Oligocen (Trm tch, Sediments) 1. Oligocen Oligocene 2. Saurin E., 1956; Fontaine H. et Vozenin - Serra, 1977. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Na Dng (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975) v Ht. Di Linh (Trnh Dnh, 1989) do nghin cu chi tit v c sinh - a tng. Attributed at present to Na Dng Fm. (Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975) and Di Linh Fm. (Trnh Dnh, 1989) based on detailed paleontological and stratigraphical data. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Lin (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura Jurassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1971. 10. Hin c xp vo chn Ht. H Ci

Attributed at present to the basal part of the H Ci Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

P.
Pa Ham (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic mun - evon sm Late Ordovican - Early Devonian. 2. Trn ng Tuyt 1977 (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990). 10. Khng hp thc, v c cu thnh t ra l t cc h tng khc nhau, pha di l trm tch bin tui evon, cn pha trn l phun tro bazan Ht. Cm Thu. Invalid; the described section has been attributed at present to different formations; the lower part includes Devonian marine sediments and the upper -- Permian basalt of the Cm Thu Fm.. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Pa Pei ( vi, Limestone) 1. evon gia, Eifel

Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Calcaire de Pa Pei). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Qun Invalid; synonym of N Qun Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Pa Pei (Srie) 1. evon sm - gia Early - Middle Devonian 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Srie de Papei). 10. Bourret R. 1922 coi Srie Pa Pei c tui evon mun, nhng thc ra n thuc cc mc a tng khc nhau m hin nay c m t trong cc Ht. Mia L, N Qun v H Lang Bourret R. 1922 described the Pa Pei Srie as Late Devonian, but they are of different stratigraphic levels, belonging to the Mia L, N Qun and H Lang Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Pc Ma ( vi, Limestone) 1. Trias mun, Carni mun Late Triassic, Late Carnian.

2. Mansuy, 1912 ( vi Pa Ma - Pa Ma Red limestone) (Calovi-Callovian). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu v Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu and Sn La provinces. 4. Ca Nm Ma vo sng , gn bn Pc Ma Nm Ma estuary, near the Pc Ma village; x = 2156; y = 10350. 5. a) vi san h m tiu, 80 m; b) st vi, bt kt vi, 30 m a) Coral reef limestone, 80 m; b) marl, calcareous siltstone, 30 m. 6. 110 - 220 m. 7. Isastrea profunda (a), Thecosmilia norica (a), Laballa cf. suessi (a), Aulacothyropsis inflata (a), A. bisinuata (a), Rhaetina bamaensis (a), R. complanata (a), Sinucosta songdae (a), Tornquistites sp. (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Nm Mu tui Carni Conformably lying upon Carnian Nm Mu Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. Ht. Sui Bng (phn di): ovjikov A. & Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov A. v nnk 1965) (ng ngha); bc Carni (phn trn): V Khc & Trnh

Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (ng ngha); Ht. Nm Mu (phn trn): Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk 1988 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Sng Sui Bng Fm. (lower part): Dovzhikov A. & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov A. et al 1965) (synonym); Carnian Stage (upper part): V Khc & Trnh Th (in Trn Vn Tr et al 1977) (synonym); Nm Mu Fm. (upper part): Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao et al 1988 (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Sng Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Pakha (Srie) 1. Proterozoi v Cambri Proterozoic and Cambrian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Pakha). 10. Cc phn ca phn v ny c xp vo cc Ht. Sng Chy v H Giang Invalid; the described section has been attributed at present to the Sng Chy and H Giang Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Paleogen (Thnh to, Formation)

1. Eocen - Oligocen. Eocene - Oligocene. 2. Bi Ph M v nnk, 1978. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Pu Tra trn c s ti liu chi tit v a tng. Attributed at present to the Pu Tra Fm. based on detailed stratigraphical data. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Pc Nm (Bc khu vc, Regional Stage) 1. evon sm, Emsi Early Devonian, Emsian. 2. Tng Duy Thanh 1993; Tng Duy Thanh v nk. 1986 (Tng; Unifying Horizon). 3. Bc B (I.1; I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng, Hi Dng Bc B (I.1, I.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn, Hi Phng and Hi Dng Provinces. 4. Phn di ca mt ct chun Ht. N Qun: mt ct N Qun - Bng Ca (Phm nh Long 1975)

Lower part of the stratotype of the N Qun Fm.: N Qun - Bng Ca section (Phm nh Long 1975). 5. Phn v thi a tng khu vc, hp nht cc phn v tng ng vi phn di ca lot Bn Pp, phn di ca h tng N Qun v cc th a tng tng ng Bc B, cha phc h ho thch Parastriatopora champungensis - Nowakia zlichovensis. Regional chronostratigraphic unit unifying sediments corresponding to the lower part of Bn Pp Group, lower part of N Qun Fm. and equival stratigraphic bodies in Bc B, bearing the Parastriatopora champungensis - Nowakia zlichovensis Assemblage. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Pha Long (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri sm Early Cambrian. 2. Vasilevskaia E. . (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965). 10. Phn di ca h tng c m t l Ht. H Giang, phn trn chnh l Ht. Chang Pung Invalid; the lower part of the formation has been

described as H Giang Fm., whilst the upper part corresponds to the Chang Pung Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ph L (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia-mun Middle-Late Triassic. 2. Ivanov G. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965). 10. Phn carbonat c xp vo Ht. C Ni, cn phn lc nguyn nm trn c xp vo Ht. Nm Thm The carbonate part has been attributed at present to the C Ni Fm., as for the terrigenous upper part - to the Nm Thm Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Phan Lng (H tng, Formation). 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Phm nh Long (tng, Neogen, mt phn Formation, Neogene, part.) (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh); (ip - Suite), 1975.

3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc trng dc sng L v sng Chy Sng Hng (I.2); basins along L and Chy Rivers. 4. B sng L t Bch Lu Thng n Tr Qun (Phan Lng). Mt ct b sung Tuyn Quang, oan Hng, Ngi Thia, Ph Rng L River banks from Bch Lu Thng to Tr Qun villages (Phan Lng); x = 2131, y = 10518. Supplementary sections at Tuyn Quang, oan Hng, Ngi Thia and Ph Rng areas. 5. a) Cui kt v sn kt xen vi lp ct kt thch anh ht th, 14m; b) ct kt a khong v cc lp than, 200m; c) cui kt, sn kt, bt kt, 850m. a) Conglomerate and gritstone with some interbeds of coarse quartz sandstone, 14m; b) polymictic sandstone and coal seams, 200m; c) conglomerate, gritstone, siltstone, 850m. 6. 95-100 m. 7. Vt in l thuc cc phc h Juglans cf. zaisanica Ficus beauveriei, Ficus beauveriei - Diospyros brachysepala (hoc Quercus cf. lobbii - Ficus beauveriei, hoc F. beauveriei - Q. lobbii) v Nelumbo protospeciosa - Phragmites oeningensis (b); vt in l thuc phc h Nelumbo protospeciosa - Graminiphyllum (c)

Imprints of leaves from the Juglans cf. zaisanica Ficus beauveriei, Ficus beauveriei - Diospyros brachysepala (or Q. cf. lobbii - Ficus beauveriei, or Ficus beauveriei - Quercus lobbii), and Nelumbo protospeciosa - Phragmites oeningensis assemblages (b); imprints of leaves from the Nelumbo protospeciosa Graminiphyllum assemblage (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Na Hang (PR) hoc Ht. Vn Yn (N12) Unconformably lying upon the Na Hang Fm. (PR) or Vn Yn Fm. (N12). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. ip Tuyn Quang (mt phn): Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh 1975 (ng ngha); Miocen (mt phn): Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (khng hp thc); Ht. Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.), 1989 (ng ngha) Tuyn Quang Suite (part.): Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975(synonym); Miocene (part.): Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al.) 1977 (invalid); Na Dng Fm. (part.): Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al.; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al.), 1989 (synonym).

11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1999 Phan Thit (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia Middle Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn c Thng, V Vn Vnh v nnk, 1998. 3. Nam Trung B (III.2); cc tnh Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun South Trung B (III.2); Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun Provinces. 4. Gn th x Phan Thit Near Phan Thit Town; x = 1056, y = 10806. 5. Ct thch anh mu , ht nh, c tectit nguyn dng phn di mt ct Red fine quartz sand bearing tektite of original shape in the lower part of the formation. 6. 50-80 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Lu (N2) v di Ct vng Pleistocen trung - thng Unconformably lying upon the Sng Lu Fm (N2), and under Middle-Upper Pleistocene Yellow Sand. 9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral 10. Ct c: Saurin E. 1970 (ng ngha)

Old red sand: Saurin E. 1970 (synonym). 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Phia Khao (H tng, Formation) 1. evon Devonian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc 1977 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and Bc Cn provinces. 5. Phn h tng di: a) phin st vi lng bng b talc ho v chlorit ho, 50m; b) vi mn xm en, 15m; c) phyllit, phyllit vi lng bng, 60m; d) phin sericit-thch anh, 30m; e) vi v vi st nhim vt cht than, vi olomit, 90m; f) phyllit, phin sericit, phyllit vi xen lp mng vi olomit, 40m. Phn h tng gia: g) vi xm nht, phn lp dy, kt tinh ht b, 30 - 50m; h) vi, i ch ln st than, 80m; i) vi olomit, 70m. Phn h tng trn: j) vi kt tinh xm trng, 70m; k) phin sericit, phyllit xm xanh, phin carbonat c vt cht than, cc lp mng vi st, ct kt thch anh, 35 - 45m; l) vi kt tinh sc di xm xanh, xm trng xen k nhau, chuyn ln hoa ht ln, 25m; m) phin sericit, xen

phin thch anh - sericit, ct kt thch anh felspat, 30m; n) hoa sc di en trng xen k nhau, 35m; o) hoa ht ln trng, xm xanh, 110m; p) vi kt tinh ht nh v nh, xen i lp phin thch anh - sericit, 50m. Lower subformation: a) Lustrous, talcochloritized marly shale, 50m; b) dark gray finegrained limestone, 15m; c) lustrous phyllite and calcareous phyllite, 60m; d) quartz-sericite schist, 30m; e) carbonaceous limestone and marl, dolomitic limestone, 90m; f) sericite schist, calcareous phyllite, interbeds of dolomitic limestone, 40m. Middle subformation: g) light gray, thick- bedded, fine-grained crystallized limestone, 30 - 50m; h) gray limestone, locally mixed with coaly shale, 80m; i) dolomitic limestone, 70m. Upper subformation: j) light gray, crystallized limestone, 70m; k) sericite schist, green-gray phyllite, and carbonaceous calcareous schist, interbeds of marly limestone, quartz sandstone, 35 - 45m; l) intercalation of light gray and green-gray stripped limestone, marble, 25m; m) sericite schist, interbeds of quartz-sericite schist, quartz-feldspar sandstone, 30m; n) intercalation of light and dark stripped marble, 35m; o) light gray, green-gray coarse marble, 110m; p) middle and fine-grained

crystallized limestone, interbeds of quartz-sericite schist, 50m. 6. 800 - 850m 7. Crassialveolites sp. indet. (h), Amphipora sp. (i). Ti ng bc Lng Bi, Bn Yang - At northeast Lng Bi, Bn Yang: Crassialveolites sp. indet., Cladoppora sp. indet., Favosites sp. indet., Pachyporida gen. indet. Ti vng m Ch in - At Ch in Mine: Stromatopora sp., Amphipora sp.. 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, chuyn tip ln phun tro ca Ht Pia Phng Lower boundary was not observed, conformably underlying effusive rocks of the Pia Phng Fm. 9. Bin nng thm lc a Marine shallow - water shelf. 10. Mt ct chun ca h tng khng c ch r, h tng c cu thnh t 3 phn h tng phn b 3 ni khc nhau. Nguyn Kinh Quc xc nh tui ca Ht. Phia Khao l Silur mun (?) - evon sm, . Phm nh Long (V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990) hp nht hai Ht Phia Khao v Pia Phng thnh Ht Pia Phng v nh tui Silur (?) - evon sm. Cch lm khng ph hp vi th thc thng thng ca cng tc a tng. Ranh gii di ca Ht Phia Khao khng quan st c, cn ranh gii trn th c coi l chnh hp di phun tro ca Ht Pia Phng. S c mt

ca phun tro trong Ht Pia Phng cn cn nghin cu li (xem Ht Pia Phng), do quan h ca Ht Phia Khao vi cc th a tng c hn v tr hn u khng r. Ho thch pht hin c u c bo tn qu xu, nhng vi nhng dng nu trn th khng c c s xc minh yu t Silur ca Ht Phia Khao. Trong khi , cn lu rng trong s ho thch ca Pia Phng th Crassialveolites, Pachyporida l nhng i biu kh ph bin trong cc trm tch evon Vit Nam. T bin cht ca Ht Phia Khao c th nhn ra m ca h tng ny c c trng bng s xen k ca phin, ct kt v vi, st vi tng t nh trm tch evon i Th, gm vi, st vi v ct kt, phin c trng cho cc Ht Mia L, Bn Ngun. Hin nay nn coi h tng Phia Khao c tui evon l hp l hn c, mt khc vic pht hin quan h a tng v ho thch tt hn s l c s xc nh tui ca h tng. Trong mi trng hp, tnh hp thc ca Ht Phia Khao i hi nghin cu chi tit hn. Nguyn Kinh Quc assigned the Phia Khao Fm. to Late Silurian (?) - Early Devonian. Phm nh Long (V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990) grouped the Pia Phng and Phia Khao Fms. into the Pia Phng Fm. and dated it as Silurian (?) - Early Devonian. The description of Pia Phng and Phia

Khao Fms. under the Pia Phng name does not correspond to stratigraphic rules. Type section was not shown. The Phia Khao Fm. is composed of three subformations exposed in three different areas. Stratigraphic relationship of this formation with older underlying strata was not observed, and it was regerded as conformably underlying effusive rocks of the Pia Phng Fm. The presence of these "effusive rocks" requests more detailed studies (see also Pia Phng Fm.). Therefore the relationship of the Phia Khao Fm. with the younger overlying strata is also not clear. Discovered fossils are poorly preserved, but abovementioned fossils do not indicate Silurian age of the Phia Khao Fm. While it is worthy to remind the representatives of Crassialveolites, Pachyporida are very common in Devonian, but not in Silurian in Vit Nam. Metamorphism rocks of the Phia Khao Fm. remind their parent rocks as the case of Devonian rocks at i Th that are characterized by the intercalation of shale, sandstone and limestone as of Mia L, Bn Ngun Fms. At present, it is reasonable to assign the Phia Khao Fm. to Devonian, and on the other hand, finding more fossils and stratigraphic relationships of the formation are necessary for dating it. In any case, the validity of the Phia Khao Fm. requests more detailed studies.

11. Tng Duy Thanh 12. 8/1999. Phing ia ( phin v vi, Shale and Limestone) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Schiste et calcaire de Phieng Dia). 10. Bourret R. 1922 coi phn v ny c tui evon mun, Frasni, nhng nhng nghin cu mi chng minh rng n thuc Ht. Mia L. Xem Ht. Mia L Invalid; Bourret R. 1922 regarded this unit as Late Devonian, Frasnian, but new data have been showing that, in fact, it belongs to the Mia L Fm. See Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ph Bng (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun - Trias sm Late Permian - Early Triassic. 2. T Thnh Trung, 1972 (part.). 10. Hin cc vi bn di c xp vo Ht. ng ng, st vi cha Claraia v vi bn trn c m t l Ht. Hng Ngi

Lower limestone has been attributed at present to the ng ng Fm., Claraia-bearing marl, and limestone of the upper part - to the Hng Ngi Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Phong Chu (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen sm Early Miocene. 2. Polustovich B., Nguyn Ngc C (trong Phan Huy Quynh), 1973. 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng zone (I.2); Bc B plain. 4. L khoan 110 ti Hng H, Thi Bnh Hole No110 at Hng H, Thi Bnh Province; x = 2035, y = 10614. 5. H xen k ca ct kt glauconit, ct kt ht nh v ct bt kt. b bin cht mnh Intercalation of metamorphosed glauconite sandstone, fine sandstone and silty sandstone. 6. 400-1300 m. 7. Vt in l thuc phc h Ficus beauveriei - Ulmus longifolia; phn hoa Betulaceae gen. indet., Alnus sp., Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Lithocarpus sp., Taxodiaceae gen. indet. v mnh v Thn mm

Imprints of leaves from the assemblage Ficus beauveriei - Ulmus longifolia; pollens: Betulaceae gen. indet., Alnus sp., Quercus sp., Castanea sp., Lithocarpus sp., Taxodiaceae gen. indet., mollusc shells. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. nh Cao tui Oligocen Unconformably upon the Oligocene nh Cao Fm. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Ph C (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha) Ph C Fm. (part.): Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 8/1998 Phong Hanh (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri - Silur Cambrian - Silurian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Trn Tnh v nnk, 1998). 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Bnh nh v Ph Yn Middle Trung B (III.1); Bnh nh and Ph Yn Provinces.

4. Vng ni Phong Hanh - ni o, ty - ty nam huyn l Tuy An 3 km; x = 13o17, y = 109o11 Phong Hanh - o Mt area, 3km W-SW of Tuy An District Centre 5. a) hoa, argilit, phin st, cc lp kp anesit porphyrit, porphyroi, v phin silic phn di, 200-400 m; b) ct kt dng quarzit, phin st, phin c analusit, cc lp kp phin silic, 300400 m; c) phin thch anh - sericit, cc lp kp quarzit, 500 m a) Dolomitic marble, argillite, clay shale, interbeds of andesito-porphyrite, porphyroids, and stripped cherty shale, 200-400 m; b) quarzitic sandstone, clay shale, andalusite-bearing schist, interbeds of cherty shale, 300-400 m; c) quartzsericite schist, interbeds of quarzite, 500m. 6. 1000 - 1300 m. 8. Ranh gii di khng r, bn trn b ph khng chnh hp bi Ht Mang Giang tui Trias gia Lower boundary unknown, unconformably covered by Middle Triassic Mang Giang Fm. 9. Trm tch - ni la sinh Volcanogeno - sedimentary. 10. Tui c xc nh gi thit da theo mc bin cht ca The datation has been supposedly proposed on the

basis of the metamorphic level of the rocks. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 8/1999 Phong Nha (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen - Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian, Famennian - Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. L Hng (trong V Khc v nnk.) 1984. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Qung Bnh province. 4. u ng 20 n Ln , t ng ba sng ngm vo sng Troc v pha lng Phong Nha, Qung Bnh At the beginning of the Road N. 20 to Ln cliff from the crossing of underground-stream and Troc river to Phong Nha village, H Tnh province; x = 17o36'; y = 106o17'. 5. a) vi, vi silic phn lp dy, 100m; b) vi phn lp mng, pha trn c xen cc lp mng hoc silic, 160m; c) silic, silic vi, 20m a) Limestone, thick-bedded cherty limestone, 100m; b) thin-bedded limestone, thin interbeds or nests of chert in the upper part, 160m; c) chert, calcareous chert, 20m.

6. 60 - 280 m. 7. Quasiendothyra kobeitusana (a), Q. communis (a), Syringopora geniculata (a), Labechia kurganensis (a), Pseudolabechia variabilis (a), Stromatocerium kwangsiensis (a), Cystophrentis kolaohoensis (a), C. roniewiczae (a) (thuc sinh i Quasiendothyrra Cystophrentis - of Quasiendothyra - Cystophrentis biozone), Tournayellina beata (b), T. septata (b), Chernyshinella glomiformis (b), C. paucicamerata (b), Bisphaera irregularis (b), Pseudophillipsia sp. (c). 8. C l chnh hp di h tng La Kh, quan h vi trm tch bn di cha quan st c (L Hng in V Khc 1984) Possibly conformably underlying the La Kh Fm., lower boundary not observed (L Hng in V Khc 1984) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Phong Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen - Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian, Famennian - Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian.

2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, Nguyn c Khoa 1995. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu North Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu province. 4. T m nc khong Thanh Tn qua p Hin An n cnh ng pha ng bc, Tha Thin - Hu From Thanh Tn mineral water spring through Hin An village to the northeastern rice field, Tha Thin - Hu province; x = 160 30'; y = 1070 22'. 5. a) Tp Vn X: ch yu l vi st phn lp mng cha ha thch thuc h lp Yunnanellina, 450m; b) Tp Hin An: vi en phn lp dy, 200 - 250m a) Vn X Member: mainly thin-bedded clayish limestone yielding faunas of the Yunnanellina Assemblage, 450m; b) Hin An Member: dark-grey thick-edded limestone, 200 - 250m. 6. 600 - 700 m. 7. Thanh Tn (At Thanh Tn): Zaphrentoides sp., Pseudozaphrentoides sp., Athyris cf. concentrica, Theodossia aff. anossoffi, Tenticospirifer cf. vilis kwangsiensis. Hin An (At Hin An village): Syringopora geniculata haiphongensis, S. reticulata,

Pseudolabechia huanjiangensis, Cystophrentis kolaohoensis, Cystospirifer sp.. 8. Quan h vi cc th a cht gi hn v tr hn khng quan st c,ngoi tr trm tch t ph trn Underlying and overlying strata, except Quaternary, have not been observed in the exposed area. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ph Hong (Lot, Group) 1 evon sm Early Devonian 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, Trn Hu Dn 1998 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province 5. Gm 3 h tng - o Bn, Mia L v N Qun Composed of o Bn, Mia L and N Qun Fms.. 9. Vic phn nh lot Ph Hong xem ra khng hp l. Ht o Bn tng lc a v lc a, ng ngha vi lot Sng Cu (xem Ht o Bn), cn Ht Mia L tng bin nng thm lc a phn nh iu

kin trm tch, c a l hon ton khc, do nhng h tng ny khng th hp thnh mt phn v lot. The establishment of the Ph Hong group seems to be inexpedient. The o Bn Fm. presents itself continental and subcontinental facies and is a junior synonym of the Sng Cu Group (see o Bn Fm.), while the Mia L Fm. is characterized by marine shallow water shelf facies. These formations took shape in different sedimentary and paleogeographic environments, so they can not form a Group. 10. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 11. 5/1999 Ph Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi Permian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 (Tng). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bi Chy Synonym of Bi Chy Fm.: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ph Tin (H tng, Formation)

1. Eocen Eocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk., 1985; (ip - Suite). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan 104 x nh Cao, Tin L, Hng Yn; x = 2042, y = 10605 Borehole No104 at nh Cao Commune, Tin L District, Hng Yn Province. 5. St kt b nn p mnh, ct kt arkos v ct kt grauvac chuyn ln st kt, bt kt xen nhiu lp cui kt, ct kt, mu tm , i khi mu en hoc loang l Compressed claystone, arkosic sandstone and grauwacke grading upward to reddish-violet, sometimes dark-coloured or variegated claystone, siltstone, with interbeds of conglomerate and sandstone. 6. 100-150 m. 7. Phc h Bo t - phn hoa VerrucatosporitesForamea: bo t = 10-25%, phn hoa Pinophyta = 10-25%, Magnoliophyta = 50-80%. Rt phong ph Foramea, Striatricolporites, Rettitricolporites, Psilatricolporites, Subtriporopollenites, Bombacacidites

Sporo-pollenic assemblage of VerrucatosporitesForamea: spores = 10-25%, pollens of Pinophyta = 10-25%, pollens of Magnoliophyta = 50-80%. Very abundant Foramea, Striatricolporites, Rettitricolporites, Psilatricolporites, Subtriporopollenites, Bombacacidites.... 8. Khng chnh hp trn ryolit Tam o (T2) v vi Carbon-Permi Unconformably upon the Tam o Rhyolite (T2) and C-P limestones. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. ip Xun Ho (mt phn): L Vn C v nnk, 1982 (ng ngha) Xun Ho Suite (part.): L Vn C et al., 1982 (synonym) 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998 Ph Ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic - Silur (Silur sm) Ordovician - Silurian (Early Silurian). 2. Phm nh Long v nnk. 1969. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn, H Giang, Lng Sn

East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn, H Giang and Lng Sn provinces. 4. Mt ct Gia Tng - Ch Chu, Bc Cn From Gia Tng village to Ch Chu townlet, Bc Cn province; x = 210 53'; y = 1050 46'. 5. Phn di: a) phin st xen bt kt v ct kt, i ni xen phin st silic v phun tro mafic, 200m; b) phin st xen nhiu lp phin silic, cc lp quarzit v quarzit c vi, 300m; c) phin st, ct kt quarzit cha vy muscovit, thu knh vi, 600m. Phn trn: d) ct bt kt, phin st c nhiu vy sericit xen k vi cc lp phin silic, 300 - 400m; e) ch yu l ct bt kt, ct kt thch anh cha vy mica i khi xen ct kt felspat, ct kt vi lp mng phun tro axit, cc lp mng phin st, thu knh vi hoc st vi, 400m; f) ct bt kt xen phin st than, ct kt thch anh cha nhiu vy graphit, 400m. Lower part: a) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, sandstone, locally interbeds of cherty shale and mafic effusive, 200m; b) clay shale, interbeds of cherty shale, quartzite, calcareous quartzite, 300m; c) clay shale, muscovite-bearing quartzitic sandstone, limestone lenses, 600m. Upper part: d) siltstone, sandstone, clay-sericite shale, interbeds of cherty shale, 300 - 400m; e) mainly of siltstone, sandstone, mica-bearing quartz sandstone, locally

interbeds of feldspar-bearing sandstone, sandstone, thin beds of acidic effusive, thin beds of shale, limestone or marl lenses, 400m; f) siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of coaly shale, graphitebearing quartz sandstone, 400m. 6. 2000 - 3000 m. 7. Brachiopoda (a, d, e), Trilobita (a,d), Climacograptus sp. (d), Glyptograptus sp. (d), Monoclimacis sp. (d), Flora remains (e). 8. Quan h vi trm tch c hn khng r, nm khng chnh hp di trm tch Silur-evon (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990) Lower boundary not observed, unconformably underlying Silurian-Devonian sediments (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990). 9. Trm tch bin su Deep-water marine deposits. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ph Quc (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen gia-mun Middle - Late Miocene. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 1978 (Jura); Trnh Dnh v nnk (Miocen gia - mun)

3. Ty Nam B (IV); o Ph Quc, qun o An Thi, tnh Kin Giang. West Nam B (IV); Ph Quc Island, An Thi Archipelago, Kin Giang Province. 4. o Ph Quc (cc mt ct Dng ng - Hm Ninh, Dng T - Bi Vng, Cy Da - ng i, Ghnh Du - Rch Vm, o An ng - An Thi); x = 10o20, y = 104o. Ph Quc Island; sections Dng ng - Hm Ninh, Dng T - Bi Vng, Cy Da - ng i, Ghnh Du - Rch Vm, An ng island - An Thi. 5. a) Cui kt, ct kt, bt kt, 20m; b) ct kt, bt kt, 150m; c) ct kt, cui kt phn lp xin, 25m a) Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, 20m; b) sandstone, siltstone, 150m; c) cross-bedded sandstone, conglomerate, 250m. 6. 420 m. 7. Vt in l (Imprints of leaves): Laurus similis, Phragmites oeningensis, Sabal sp., phc h BTPH vi cc dng u th (sporo-pollenic assemblage with dominant forms) Canthiumpollenites, Dacrydium, Florschuetzia trilobata, Fl. meridionalis, Fl. levipoli, Stenochlaema (b); phc h BTPH phong ph khng cha cc thc vt ngp mn - abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage without mangrove taxa (c).

8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Trong Ht. Ph Quc trc y cha tm c ho thch. Vic nh tui cho h tng l Jura v sau l Creta da vo so snh thnh thnh phn thch hc vi cc thnh to cha di tch thc vt Creta vng Bokor thuc Campuchia. Nm 1998, Trnh Dnh v ng nghip tm c vt in l v bo t phn hoa Neogen nh trnh by trn. Previously, in the Ph Quc Fm. not any fossil was found yet. The sediment dating has been based on correlation with Cretaceous fossil-bearing formations distributed in Bokor, In 1998 Trinh Dzanh and his colleagues found above-cited imprints of Neogene leaves and spores and pollens Cambodia. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Ph C (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen gia Middle Miocene. 2. Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chn (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh) 1975 (ip - Suite)

3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); Bc B plain. 4. L khoan 2 ti th trn Ph C, tnh Hng Yn Hole No2 at Ph C Townlet, Hng Yn Province; x = 2044, y = 10612. 5. Mt ct gm ba phn, mi phn 2 tp, di l ct kt xen cc lp mng bt kt, chuyn ln st kt, bt kt v than The sequence is composed of three parts, each of them - 2 members, the lower of which includes sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, grading upward to claystone, siltstone and lignite. 6. 250-500 m. 7. Trng l ( cc tp di), vt in l: Acer hilgendorfii, Cercidiphyllum crenatum, Rhus triphylla, v.v..., BTPH v thn mm nc l ( cc tp trn). Foraminifers (in lower members), imprints of leaves: Acer hilgendorfii, Cercidiphyllum crenatum, Rhus triphylla,... spores and pollens, brackish-water molluscs (in upper members). 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht. Phong Chu (N11) Conformably (?) upon the Phong Chu Fm. (N11). 9. Tam gic chu Deltaic

11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 8/1998 Ph c (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1993 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Hang Mon (N), phn trn, do khng tch bit r rng v ranh gii a tng v c sinh. Attributed at present to the upper part of the Hang Mon Fm. by the impossibility of establishing clearly the stratigraphical boundary and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1999 Phng Hip (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B plain. 4. L khoan Hu Giang I (500-800m), th trn Phng Hip, tnh Cn Th

Hole Hu Giang I (500-800m), Phng Hip Townlet, Cn Th Province; x = 948, y = 10550. 5. a) Ct kt, ~13m; b) bt kt, ct kt, 22.5m; c) ct kt, i khi sn kt, 29.5m; d) st kt, bt kt, ct kt, 28 m; e) ct kt, sn kt v cui kt, t bt kt, 79,5m a) Sandstone, ~13m; b) siltstone, sandstone, 22.5m; c) sandstone, sometimes gritstone, 29.5m; d) claystone, siltstone, sandstone, 28m; e) sandstone, gritstone and conglomerate, a little siltstone, 795m. 6. >174 m. 7. Polypodiaceae (c); phc h BTPH vi bo t: 8,422,8%, phn cy thn g: 50,4-63,6%, phn cy thn c: 1,5-2,45% (d); vt in l thuc phc h Diospyros brachysepala - Quercus cf. lobbii Zyziphus miojujuba, phc h BTPH vi bo t: 27%, phn cy thn g: 53,5%, phn cy thn c: 10% (e) Polypodiaceae (c); sporo-pollenic assemblage with spores: 8,4-22,8%, woody plant pollens: 50,463,6%, herbaceous plant pollens: 1,5-2,45% (d); imprints of leaves of Diospyros brachysepala Quercus cf. lobbii - Zyziphus miojujuba assemblage, sporo-pollenic assemblage with

spores: 27%, woody plant pollens: 53,5%, herbaceous plant pollens: 10% (e). 8. Khng chnh hp trn bin cht Mesozoi (JuraCreta ?) hoc Paleozoi (?) Unconformably upon Paleozoic (?) or Mesozoic metamophic rocks. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Cn Th (mt phn): L c An v nnk., 1981 (ng ngha) Cn Th Fm. (part.): L c An et al. 1981 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 12/1999 Phc Tn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun, phn mun Late Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh ng Nai, B Ra Vng Tu East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai and B Ra - Vng Tu Provinces. 4. p Phc Tn, dc thung lng sng L Bung

Phc Tn village, along the valley of L Bung River; x = 1003, y = 10657. 5. Bazan olivin kim dng c xt xen l hng Alkaline olivine basalt of dense structure interbedded with porous basalt. 6. 5-25 m. 8. Ph khng chnh hp trn cc h tng c hn Unconformably covering older formations. 9. Ni la Volcanic. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 8/1998 Pia Phng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang, H Giang East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and H Giang provinces. 4. Theo sui You Ma, Lng Giang (gn nh Pia Phng), Tuyn Quang Along the You Ma stream, Lng Giang (near Pia Phng summit), Tuyn Quang province; x =

22o24'; y = 105o10'. 5. a) phin st sericit, phin st vi, phylit vi xen i lp vi st c vt cht than, vi olomit, ct bt kt vi, 300m; b) vi, vi hoa ha c bitum, vi st - silic, 180m; c) vi kt tinh, hoa dng sc di xen i lp mng phin sericit, phin thch anh - sericit, 200m; d) phin st sericit, ct bt kt vi - silic nhim mangan xen cc lp mng tuf ryolit v albitophyr v i lp mng phin lc (?), 450m; e) vi silic xen vi st, phin st - silic, phin st vi, ct bt kt vi, 800 - 900m; f) phin st silic, phin silic cha vt cht than xen ct bt kt cha mangan v t lp mng ct bt kt tuf, tuf ryolit, 250m. a) Sericite schist, marlaceous shale, calcareous phyllite, interbeds of carbonaceous clayish limestone, dolomitic limestone, calcareous silty sandstone, 300m; b) limestone, bituminous marbleized limestone, clay-cherty limestone, 180m; c) crystallized limestone, stripped marble, some interbeds of sericite schist, sericite-quartz schist, 200m; d) sericite-clay shale, manganese-bearing calcaro-cherty sandstone, thin interbeds of rhyolitic and albitophyric tuff, some greenstone interbeds (?), 450m; e) cherty limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, cherty shale, marlaceous

shale, calcareous silty sandstone, 800 - 900m; f) cherty shale, carbonaceous cherty shale, interbeds of manganese-bearing silty sandstone and some beds of tuffaceous sandstone, rhyolitic tuff, 250m. 6. 2000 - 2200 m. 7. Amphipora sp. (b), Crassialveolites (?) sp. (b), Cladopora sp. (b), Favosites sp. (b), Crinoidea (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Phia Khao v bt chnh hp di Ht Cc X Conformably overlies the Phia Khao Fm. and unconformably underlies the Cc X Fm. 9. Bin, ngun ni la Marine, volcanogenic (?). 10. Ht. Chim Ha (part.): Vasilevskaia E.. 1965 (ng ngha); ? Ht. Na Hang: Vasilevskaia E.. 1965 (ng ngha); tng Bc M: T Hong Tinh 1971 (ng ngha); ip Mng Ch: T Hong Tinh 1971 (ng ngha); ip Cao Vinh: T Hong Tinh 1971 (ng ngha); ip Bn Vn: T Hong Tinh 1971 (ng ngha). Xc lp Ht. Pia Phng, Nguyn Kinh Quc cho tui evon sm; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. (1990) gp khi lng hai Ht. Phia Khao (S ? - D1) v Ht. Pia Phng (D1) vo Ht. Pia Phng v cho tui Silur (?) - evon sm. Tuy nhin, d trong Phia Khao hay trong Pia Phng cng khng c cc

yu t ho thch c trng ca Silur. Vic m t khi lng hai Ht. Pia Phng v Phia Khao di tn gi Ht. Pia Phng l khng ph hp vi th thc ca cng tc a tng. Nhng nghin cu mi trong o v a cht 1:50 000 H Giang cho thy phn ln phun tro" ca h tng ny li l xm nhp nng (granit ni la), nh vng Tng B - Bc M (H Giang). Do tnh hiu lc ca h tng ny cn c xc minh thm bng nhng nghin cu y hn, v khi phun tro" khng cn l thnh phn ca h tng na th mt ct ca Pia Phng tng t mt ct ca Ht. Mia L, nhng b bin i t nhiu do bin cht tip xc. Chim Ha Fm. (part.): Vasilevskaia E. D. 1965 (synonym); ?Na Hang Fm.: Vasilevskaia E.D. 1965 (synonym); Bc M Fm.: T Hong Tinh 1971 (synonym); Mng Ch Suite: T Hong Tinh 1971 (synonym); Cao Vinh Suite: T Hong Tinh 1971 (synonym); Bn Vn Suite: T Hong Tinh 1971 (synonym). Nguyn Kinh Quc assigned the Pia Phng Fm. to Early Devonian. V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. (1990) grouped the Pia Phng and Phia Khao Fms. into the Pia Phng Fm. and dated it as Silurian (?) - Early Devonian. However, there is no Silurian paleontological evidence for this dating.

The description of Pia Phng and Phia Khao Fms. under the Pia Phng name does not correspond to the stratigraphic rules. New data from geological mapping on 1:50 000 scale in H Giang show that most of "effusive rocks" seem to be subvolcanic granite (for example in Tng B - Bc M area, H Giang province); therefore the validity of the Pia Phng Fm. requests more detailed studies. Without "effusive rocks", the Pia Phng Fms composition is similar to that of Mia L Fm., but more or less altered by contact metamorphism. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Po Sen (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Trn Quc Hi, 1967. 10. Hin nay xp vo cc Ht. Sui Ching, Sinh Quyn v phc h xm nhp Po Sen Described at present as Sui Ching, Sinh Quyn Fms. and Po Sen intrusive complex 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998

 P C (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic- Early Cambrian. 2. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Gia Lai, Kon Tum Middle Trung B; Gia Lai and Kon Tum Provinces. 4. Ty sng P C, gn c Uy West of P C River, near c Uy; x = 1425, y = 10755. 5. a) Quarzit dng ng xen phin sericitmuscovit, 500 m; b) phin thch anh -sericitmuscovit xen quarzit, 800 m; c) hoa olomit, thu knh phin tremolit, phin silic-calcit, 200 m a) Saccharoidal quartzite, interbeds of sericitemuscovite schist, 500 m; b) quartz-sericitemuscovite schist, interbeds of quarzite, 800 m; c) dolomitic marble, lenses of tremolite schist, silicocalcite schist, 200 m. 6. 1500 m. 8. Tip xc kin to vi cc h tng c v tr hn Tectonically contacting with older and younger formations

9. Bin nng. Bin cht phn thp tng phin lc Marine, shallow-water. Lower level of greenschist facies of metamorphism. 10. c m t l cc h tng Ch S, k Uy, k Rlong tui Neoproterozoi v Paleozoi, nhng cha c s thuyt phc Described by some workers as Ch S, k Uy and k Rlong Fms., but there are not convincing bases yet. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Pu Tra (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleogen Paleogene. 2. Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk), 1988. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); vng ni Pu Sam Cp, tnh Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3), Pu Sam Cp mountainous area, Lai Chu Province. 4. Sui cch bn Nm Cong 2.6 km v pha N; x = 2210, y = 10335 (Bi Ph M v nnk., 1972). Along the stream running 2.6 km from SE of Nm Cong Village (Bi Ph M et al., 1972).

5. Tuf tng kt, tuf trachyt mu , tuf tng kt cha mnh vn felspat, trachyt porphyr, leucitophyr, phin st en v ct kt, trong tuf trachyt chim u th Tuffaceous agglomerate, chocolate trachytic tuffs (main role), tuffaceous agglomerate bearing fragments of feldspar, porphyritic trachyte, leucitophyre, black clay shale and sandstone. 6. 300-400 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Yn Chu (K2) v Ht. Sui Bng (T3) Unconformably upon the Yn Chu Fm. (K2) and Sui Bng Fm. (T3). 9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 10. Tectonogne formation de synite norien: Lacroix A. 1933 (khng hp thc); Paleogen: Bi Ph M v nnk. 1972 (khng hp thc) Tectogenous formation of Norian syenite: Lacroix A. 1933 (invalid); Paleogene: Bi Ph M et al. 1972 (invalid). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh) 12. 7/1998 Puing silic c cui thch anh (Quartz bebbles bearing cherty puddingstone)

1. Lias Liassic. 2. Bourret R., 1925. 10. Khng hp thc. Hin c m t l Ht. Bn C Invalid. Described at present as Bn C Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

Q.
Quy t ( vi, Limestone) 1. Carbon gia (Bashkir v Moscovi) Middle Carboniferous (Bashkirian and Moscovian). 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1967 (tng Quy t A v tng Quy t B -- Quydat A and Quydat B Beds). 10. Hin c xp vo mt phn ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Invalid. Part of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Quy t (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet

Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Dng Xun Ho, Nguyn Thm, Nguyn c Khoa 1975. 10. Trng tn vi tng Quy t: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967; ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi: Trn Tnh 1979 Homonym of Quy t Beds: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967; synonym of Mc Bi Fm.: Trn Tnh 1979 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Quy Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. Mareichev v Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) (Trias gia-mun; Middle-Late Triassic) 3. Bc Trung B (III.2); cc tnh Thanh Ho v Ngh An North Trung B (III.2); Thanh Ho and Ngh An provinces. 4. Trn ng t lng Tri L qua Quy Lng (c) ra quc l 1; x = 19; y = 10525. On the road from Tri L village through Quy Lng (abandoned) to the highway No.1.

5. a) phin st, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 50 m; b) st vi, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 110m; c) st vi, bt kt vi, 120m; d) bt kt vi, ct kt, lp kp phin st, 90m; e) bt kt, phin st, ct kt, 100 m; f) bt kt, phin st, 130m a) Clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 50m; b) marl, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 110 m; c) marl, calcareous siltstone, 120 m; d) calcareous siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 90 m; e) siltstone, clay shale, sandstone, 100 m; siltstone, clay shale, 130 m. 6. 600 - 1200 m. 7. Trigonodus trapezoidalis (a), Schafhautlia plana (a), Trigonodus tonkinensis (b, c, e), T. zhamoidai (b, e), Hoernesia magnissima (b, e), Costatoria goldfussi (b), C. ngeanensis (b, e), C. crassicosta (e). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Tru tui Anisi Conformably lying upon Anisian ng Tru Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. phin Trias (mt phn): Jacob 1921 (khng hp l); lot Nm Sm (mt phn): Dussault L. 1920 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Qu Chu

Triassic shale (part.): Jacob 1921 (invalid); Nm Sm Group (part.): Dussault L. 1920 (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Qu Chu Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Qu Chu (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. V Khc, 1980. 3, Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh v Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh and Qung Bnh Provinces. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. ng Tru v Quy Lng Including ng Tru and Quy Lng Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

R.
Ro Chan (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm

Early Devonian. 2. Trn Tnh v nnk. 1979 (trong Tng Dzuy Thanh v nnk. 1986). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Theo sui Ro Chan, on gn cao im 323 vng Chc A, Hng Kh, H Tnh. Along the Ro Chan stream, at the section crossing near the height 323, Chc A area, Hng Kh district, H Tnh province; x = 18o03'; y = 105o40'. 5. a) phin st, phin st vi kp t lp mng vi st, ct kt vi, thu knh vi, 600m; b) phin st b p phin mng xen cc lp ct kt c vy mica, 320m; c) phin st vi c cc vi xen cc lp mng ct kt vi, 630m; d) phin st kp cc lp mng bt kt, ct kt c vy mica, 450m; e) phin st vi cha cc vi st, vi silic xen cc lp mng vi st, vi, 150m. a) Clay shale, marlaceous shale, some thin interbeds of clayish limestone, calcareous sandstone, limestone lenses, 600m; b) laminated clay shale, some micaceous sandstone interbeds, 320m; c) marlaceous shale with limestone nests,

calcareous sandstone interbeds, 630m; d) clay shale with some thin interbeds of siltstone, micaceous sandstone, 450m; e) marlaceous shale with calcareous or silico-calcareous nests, thin interbeds of clayish limestone, limestone, 150m. 6. 1000 - 2100 m. 7. Desmidopora (?) sp. (a), Alveolites (?) sp. (a), Dohmophyllum sp. (a), ? Hexagonaria sp. (a), Calceola sp. (a), Archaeozonotriletes sp. (a), Lophozonotriletes sp. (a), Crinoidea and Brachiopoda (c), Desquamatia vijaika (e), Lissocrinus curtus (e). 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, chnh hp di Ht Bn Ging (D2e bg) Lower boundary not observed, conformably underlying the Bn Ging Fm. (D2e bg) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Rinh Cha (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen sm Early Pliocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite).

3. ng Bc B (I.1), cc tnh Lng Sn v Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1), Lng Sn and Cao Bng provinces. 4. B tri sng K Cng (t nam P M n Rinh Cha) v sui Lc u (t bn B n sng K Cng). Mt ct b sung th x Cao Bng Left side of K Cng River (from south of P M village to Rinh Cha village) and Lc u stream (from Bn B village to K Cng River) ; x = 2144, y = 10659. Complementary section at Cao Bng Town. 5. a) Phn di: ct kt ht nh v va, xen bt kt v cc lp mng sierit, 40-150m; b) phn trn: bt kt, ct kt, cc lp mng sierit, 100-140m a) Lower part: fine to medium-grained sandstone intercalated with siltstone and thin interbeds of siderite, 40-150m. b) upper part: siltstone, sandstone with thin interbeds of siderite, 100140m. 6. 140-300 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Quercus lantenoisi, phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng, Chn bng Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis v Tulotoma (a); nhiu vt in l ca cc phc h Graminiphyllum - Nelumbo protospeciosa v Fagus cf. stuxbergi - Phoebe

pseudolanceolata, phc h BTPH phong ph, cn trng thuc cc h Distyscidae, Cerambicidae v Hydrophyllidae Imprints of leaves of Quercus lantenoisi assemblage, abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage, gastropods Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis, Tulotoma (a); abundant imprints of leaves from Graminiphyllum - Nelumbo protospeciosa, and Fagus cf. stuxbergi - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblages, abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage, insects of Dityscidae, Cerambicidae and Hydrophyllidae (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Na Dng (N13) Conformably upon the Na Dng Fm. (N13). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk., 1965 (khng hp thc) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1998

S.

 Sa Pa (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi, tui ng v 600 tr. n. (Phan Trng Th, 1980) Neoproterozoic, isotopic datation 600 Ma. (Phan Trng Th, 1980). 2. Jacob Ch., 1921 (lot, srie); Bi Ph M, 1971 (h tng, formation). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Lo Cai and Yn Bi Provinces. 4. Vng th trn Sa Pa, dc ng Sa Pa - Lo Cai Sa Pa Town area, along the Sa Pa - Lo Cai road; x = 2220, y = 10350. 5. a) phin thch anh serixit - clorit xen cc lp mng quarzit, hoa, phin tremolit, 300-400 m; b) hoa, hoa olomit, hoa silic, olomit, olomit tremolit, 300-600 m. 6. 600-1000 m. 7. Trong vi Mng Vi c (Limestone at Mng Vi yields): Protosphaeridium acis., Pr. torulosum Pr. pusillum, Pr. densum; 8. Tip xc kin to vi cc c hn, b ph bt chnh hp bi Ht. Cam ng Tectonically contacting with older rocks, unconformably underlying the Cam ng Fm. 9. Bin nng. Bin cht tng phin lc

Marine, shallow-water. Greenschist facies of metamorphism. 10. Hin nay nhiu tc gi m t h tng ny l lot bao gm hai h tng: Cha P v inh, nhng ti liu c s lp Ht. Cha P cha c chc chn At present some workers have been describing this formation as a group including two formation, namely: Cha P and inh, but the basic data for establishing the Cha P Fm. are not firm yet. . 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 S Phn (Lot, Group) 1. Trias Triassic. 2. Dussault L., 1922 (Srie). 10. Hin phn trm tch lc nguyn c xp vo cc Ht. Nm Thm, Mng Trai v Nm Mu, cn phn trm tch - ngun ni la c xp vo phc h T L The terrigenous part has been attributed at present to the Nm Thm, Mng Trai and Nm Mu Fms., whilst the volcanogeno-sedimentary part - to the T L Complex. 11. V Khc.

12. 2/1999 S Pit (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - gia Early-Middle Devonian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. T Khoa: Deprat J. 1914 Synonym of T Khoa Fm.: Deprat J. 1914 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sm Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn c Tm, 1976. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng bng Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh North Trung B (II.2), Thanh Ho, Ngh An,. H Tnh Plains. 4. L khoan 15 Hm Rng, Thanh Ho, su 73.7 53m. Hole No15 Hm Rng (Thanh Ho Province), at inteval of 73.7 - 53m.

5. a) Ct, bt, 1,7m; b) st, bt, 1m; c) ct, sn, 3.2m; d) st, bt b laterit yu, 14.8m (Phm Vn Hi, 1994). a) Sand, silt, 1.7m; b) clay, 1m; c) sand, grit, 3.2m; d) clay, silt febbly lateritized, 14.8m (Phm Vn Hi, 1940. 6. 6 - 50 m. 7. Phc h BTPH vi 33 taxon, phytoleima (a), to silic v trng l (b) Sporo-pollenic assemblage with 33 taxon, phytoleima (a) Diatomae and foraminifers (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Devon v cc thnh to c khc Unconformably upon the Devonian sediments and other ancien formations. 9. m ly ven bin Coastal swampy. 10. Neogen (tng cui - sn - ct di): Nguyn c Tm, 1982 (ng ngha); cc trm tch Pliocen thng - Pleistocen h (mt phn): H Ton Dng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.), 1989 (ng ngha) Neogene (Lower pebble - grit - sand horizon): Nguyn c Tm, 1982 (synonym), Upper Pliocene - Lower Pleistocene sediments (part.): H Ton

Dng, (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al.), 1989 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Si Ka (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm, Lochkov Early Devonian, Lochkovian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Si-Ka). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. on t bn Ta Kao (cch Lng C khong 2km) n o Si Ka v bn Si Ka, ng Vn, H Giang From Ta Kao village (about 2 km from Lng C village) to Si Ka pass and Si Ka village, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o19'; y = 105o17'. 5. a) Cui kt vi cc thu knh bt kt mu nu v xm lc, 5m; b) phin st sm vi cc lp kp bt kt, i ch mu tm , 150m; c) phin st nu sm, xanh xm, phn trn xut hin cc lp kp bt kt, 100m; d) bt kt mu xm, 30m a) Conglomerate with chocolate and green-grey

siltstone lenses, 5m; b) chocolate, locally redviolet clay shale and siltstone interbeds, 150m; c) dark-brown, grey-green clay shale, siltstone interbeds in the upper part, 100m; d) grey siltstone, 30m. 6. 280 - 400 m. 7. Hysterolites sp. (b), Ostracoda (b), ho thch cFish remains (b). 8. Bt chnh hp trn trm tch Orovic (cc Ht Lutxia v N M) v chnh hp di Ht Bc Bun (D1 bb) Unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks (Lutxia and N M Fms.); and conformably underlies the Bc Bun Fm. (D1 bb) 9. Lc a v vng ven b Continental and littoral. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Si Phai (Chi Phai) (H tng, Formation) 1. evon Praga - Frasni Devonian, Pragian - Frasnian. 2. ng Trn Huyn 1979 3. ng Bc B (I.1); vng ng Vn, tnh H Giang

East Bc B (I.1); ng Vn area, H Giang province. 4. M (Mia) L - ng Vn, huyn ng Vn, H Giang M L village - ng Vn townlet, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o16', y = 105o22'. 5. a) vi xen nhng lp vi st, st vi, st than v nhng lp kp silic, 160m; b) vi ht mn, xen vi st, st than, phin silic, 210m; c) phin silic xen cc lp mng vi, trn 20m. a) Limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, marl, coaly shale and chert interbeds, 160m. b) finegrained limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, coaly shale and cherty shale, 210m; c) cherty shale, thin interbeds of limestone, over 20m. 6. 280 - 400 m. 7. Phong phAbundant Conodonta, Dacryoconaridae, Foraminifera (a) Nowakia acuaria, N. zlikhovensis, N. praecusor, Bellodella devonica, Polygnathus perbonus, Spathognathodus optimus, Trichonodella symmetrica, Hindeodella equidentata, Ozarkodina denckmani; (b) Nowakia elegans, N. cancellata, N. richteri, Panderodus unicostatus; (c) Ozarkodina congesta, Icriodus difficilis, Palmatolepis proversa,

P. gigas, P. rhenanus, P. varcus, P. subrecta, Ancerodella nodosa. N. otomari, Homoctenus krestovnikovi, Nancinella cf. evoluta, Eogeinitzina devonica; (a,b,c) P. linguiformis. 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht Mia L (D1 ml) v di vi Famen, evon thng Conformably (?) lying upon Mia L Fm. (D1ml), and conformably underlying Famennian (Upper Devonian) limestone. 9. Bin su, thm lc a Deep-water, continental shelf. 10. Cc ip N Qun v H Lang (mt phn) (vng ng Vn): Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 (ng ngha); ip Bn Pp ( vng ng Vn): V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990 (ng ngha) N Qun and H Lang Suites (part) (in ng Vn area): Tng Dzuy Thanh et al. 1986 (synonym); Bn Pp Suite (in ng Vn area): V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sin Cao (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian.

2. Bi Ph M (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (ip - suite). 10. c xp vo Ht. Mng Trai, do mt ct chun ca h tng khng in hnh cho ton bn Attributed to Mng Trai Fm., because its stratotype is not typical for the basin. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Sinh Quyn (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic 2. T Vit Dng, 1962. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Dc Ngi Pht, Sinh Quyn Along the Pht Stream, Sinh Quyn area; x = 2237, y = 10348. 5. a) Plagiogneis biotit, phin biotit v biotitgranat, thu knh amphibolit v quarzit, 1500 m; b) phin thch anh - graphit c biotit - granat, quarzit graphit, 1000 m; c) plagiogneis biotit, phin thch anh - hai mica c granat, 500m

a) Biotite plagiogneiss, biotite and biotite-garnet schist, amphibolite and quarzite lenses, 1500 m; b) quartz-graphite schist bearing biotite-garnet, graphite quartzite, 1000 m; c) biotite plagiogneiss, quartz - two-mica schist bearing garnet, 500 m. 6. 3000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sui Ching, tip xc kin to vi cc phn v kin to tr hn Conformably lying upon the Sui Ching Fm., tectonically contacting with younger formations. 9. Lc nguyn, bin cht khu vc tng epidotamphibolit v amphibolit. Terrigenous. Epidote-amphibolite and amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. Ht. Po Sen (mt phn): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Xun i Po Sen Fm. (part.): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (synonym) Being the upper formation of the Xun i Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sinh Vinh (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic mun - Silur Late Ordovician - Silurian

2. ovjikov v nnk. 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3), tnh Sn La, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3), Sn La, Ho Bnh and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. Ca sui Sinh Vinh, trn b Sng Sinh Vinh Stream mouth on the bank of Sng River; x = 23021', y = 114040'. 5. a) Cui kt c s, 40m; b) bt kt cha vi, vi olomit; c) vi olomit phn lp dy, xen mt vi lp phin st, st vi a) Basal conglomerate, 40m; b) calcareous siltstone, dolomitic limestone; c) thick-bedded dolomitic limestone, some thin interbeds of marl and clay shale. 6. 800 m. 7. (b) Reuschia sp., Plasmoporella kiaeri, Favositella alveolata; (c) Favosites sp., F. aff. forsbesi var. similis, F. ex gr. gothlandica, F. cf. subgothlandica, F. cf. hisingeri, F. cf. coreaniformis, Mesofavosites sp., Squameofavosites sp., Parastriatopora sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht Bn Kh ( - O1 bk), chnh hp di Ht B Hing (S2 bh) Unconformably overlies the Bn Kh Fm., and conformably underlies the B Hing Fm. (S2 bh)

9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sc Lu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun, phn sm Early Late Pleistocene. 2. Ma Cng C (trong Nguyn c Thng v nnk.), 1999 3. Nam Trung b v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai Province. 4. Sc Lu, cch ng ba Du Dy khong 5km v pha bc Sc Lu village, about 5km north of Du Dy fork; x = 1058, y = 10710. 5. Trachyanesit porphyr Porphyritic trachyandesite. 6. 200-300 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Xun Lc (QII) v di Ht. Phc Tn (QIII2) Unconformably upon Xun Lc Fm. (QII) and under Phc Tn Fm. (QIII2).

9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 11. Phm Vn Hng 12. 12/1998 Sng Ba (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1982 (ip - Suite). 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); thung lng Sng Ba, k T, Plei Ku, Kon Tum, Bun Ma Thut Middle Trung B (III.1); Ba River valley, k T, Plei Ku, Kon Tum, Bun Ma Thut areas. 4. Dc thung lng sng Ba, t cu L Bc n Ph Tc v cc l khoan 314 Cheo Reo, 310 Ch X Along the Ba River valley from L Bc Bridge; x = 1312, y = 10842 to Ph Tc area, and holes N0314 at Cheo Reo, N0310 at Ch X. 5. a) Cui kt, si kt, ct kt, 8-100m; b) ct bt kt v bt kt, 4-145 m a) Conglomerate, gravelstone, sandstone, 8-100m; b) silty sandstone, siltstone, 4-145m 6. 12-245 m.

7. Vt in l ca phc h Quercus - Laurophyllum Ficus beauveriei (a), vt in l ca phc h F. beauveriei - Dipterocarpus - Leguminosites (hay F. beauveriei - Anacolosa - Leguminosites), phc h BTPH vi Dng x: 10-16,5%, Ht trn: 2-4,5%, Ht kn: 79-80% (b) Imprints of leaves from Quercus - Laurophyllum Ficus beauveriei assemblage (a); imprints of leaves from Ficus beauveriei - Dipterocarpus Leguminosites (or F. beauveriei - Anacolosa Legumimosites) assemblage; sporo-pollenic assemblage with Filices: 10-16,5%, Pinophyta: 24,5%, Magnoliophyta 79-80 (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn lot Bn n (J1-2), Ht. Mang Giang (T1-2) hoc trn granit tui J-K Unconformably upon the Bn n Group (J1-2), Mang Giang Fm. (T1-2) or discordantly upon Jurassic-Cretaceous granite. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen: Saurin E. 1944 (khng hp thc) Neogene: Saurin E., 1944 (invalid). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Sng Bi (H tng, Formation)

1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1988 10. ng ngha ca Ht. o Bo Lc Synonym of o Bo Lc Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999. Sng Bi (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia-mun, Lain mun - Carni Middle-Late Triassic, Late Ladinian - Carnian. 2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (Trias gia-mun; Middle-Late Triassic) 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Ho Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Ho Bnh province. 4. Vng Ct Bi thuc lu vc Sng Bi Ct Bi area of the Bi River basin; x = 2039; y = 10535. 5. a) Cui kt c s, ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 100 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, phin st, 100 m; c) ct kt, 100 m; d) phin st, bt kt, st than, 400 m; e) ct bt kt, bt kt, 100 m a) Basal conglomerate, sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 100 m; b) siltstone, sandstone, clay shale, 100 m; c) sandstone, 100 m; d) clay shale,

siltstone, coaly shale, 400 m; e) silty sandstone, siltstone, 100 m. 6. 600 - 850 m. 7. Zittelihalobia comata (b), Daonella udvariensis (c), Posidonia wengensis (c), Halobia austriaca (d), H. cf. charlyana (d), Zittelihalobia superba (d). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. ng Giao tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Anisian ng Giao Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Sng Bung (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.3); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.3); Qung Nam province. 4. Dc sng Bung, gn ng ba vi sng A Vng; x = 1551; y = 10747. Along the Bung River, near the confluence with the A Vng River.

5. a) Ct kt, st kt, lp kp phin st, bt kt, 80m; b) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, bt kt vi, 310 m; c) ct kt, bt kt, bt kt vi, 500 m; d) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, bt kt, 580 m; e) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, 460 m; f) cui-sn kt, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 320 m; g) ct kt tuf, bt kt vi, 275 m; h) ryolit porphyr, ct kt tuf, bt kt, 180 m a) Conglomerate, claystone, interbeds of clay shale, siltstone, 80m; b) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, calcareous siltstone, 310 m; c) sandstone, siltstone, calcareous siltstone, 500 m; d) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, siltstone, 580 m; e) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, 460 m; f) gravelstone, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 320 m; g) tuffaceous sandstone, calcareous siltstone, 275 m; h) porphyritic rhyolite, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, 180 m. 6. 1600 - 2700 m. 7. Dictyophyllidites sp. (a), Monoculcites sp. (a), Lophotriletes sp. (a), Palaeoneilo yanjiensis (c), Neoschizodus sp. (c), Rhodea sp. (c), Calamites sp. (f). 8. Khng chnh hp trn granit Permi mun - Trias sm phc h Qu Sn; khng chnh hp di Ht. An im tui Nori.

Discordantly lying upon Late Permian - Early Triassic granite of Qu Sn Cp.; unconformably under Norian An im Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Sng C (Phc h, Complex). 1. Orovic (Orovic mun) - Silur Ordovician (Late Ordovician) - Silurian. 2. Mareichev A., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965: H tng Sng C -- Sng C Formation). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An, H Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An and H Tnh provinces. 4. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong Phm Kim Ngn, Lng Hng Hc 1995) m t chi tit h tng theo cc mt ct: Bn m, Hui Kh - Hui Hng v Hui Th, Ngh An Nguyn Vn Honh (in Phm Kim Ngn, Lng Hng Hc 1995) has described anew the Sng C Fm. by the sections Bn m, Hui Kh Hui Hng and Hui Th, Ngh An province; x = 19023', y = 104016'.

5. Phn di: a) phin thch anh - mica, 130 140m; b) ct kt dng quarzit xen bt kt, 100 120m; c) phin thch anh - sericit xen bt kt, 350m. Phn gia: d) ct kt vi vi lp bt kt, 60 70m; e) phin thch anh - sericit, 200m; f) ct kt a khong, phin v bt kt, 60 - 70m; g) phin thch anh - sericit xen cc lp bt kt, 200 - 300m; h) phin sericit ha yu xen bt kt, 300m; i) vi st, 10 - 15m; k) bt kt xen phin sericit, 100m. Phn trn: l) sn kt thch anh, ct kt, bt kt, 50m; m) phin st xen ct bt kt, 150m; n) phin st sericit ha yu xen k vi ct kt, bt kt, 500m; o) phin st cha nhiu vt cht hu c, 300m. Lower part: a) mica - quartz schist, 130 - 140m; b) intercalation of quartzitic sandstone and siltstone, 100 - 120m; c) sericite - quartz schist, interbeds of siltstone, 350m. Middle part: d) sandstone, some siltstone interbeds, 60 - 70m; e) sericite - quartz schist, 200m; f) polymictic sandstone, shale and siltstone, 60 - 70m; g) sericite quartz schist, interbeds of siltstone, 200 - 300m; h) weakly sericitized schist, interbeds of siltstone, 300m; i) clayish limestone, 10 - 15m; k) siltstone, interbeds of sericitized schist, 100m. Upper part: 1) quartz gritstone, sandstone, siltstone, 50m; m) clay shale, interbeds of fine sandstone, 150m; n) weakly sericitized schist, interbeds of sandstone, siltstone,

500m; o) biopelite shale, 300m. 6. 2500 - 3200 m. 7. Monoclimacis vomerica (o), Pristiograptus cf. kweichihensis (o). 8. Quan h vi trm tch c hn khng quan st c, chnh hp di Ht Hui Nh Lower boundary not observed, conformably underlying the Hui Nh Fm. (S2? - D1 hn). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Mareichev A. M. v Trn c Lng m t phn v ny l mt h tng nhng khng nu mt ct in hnh ca h tng, ch nu din phn b trung lu sng Ngn Su, bc th trn Hng Kh v dc sn ng bc di Trng Sn di dng nhng di ko di v m rng v pha ty bc, trong lu vc sng C v Nm M. Phn di ca h tng c quan st r thung lng Sng C, t gn lng M Sn qua ca Ro Vng n thung lng Sng Con. Do cu trc a cht phc tp v khng c mt ct chun r rng nn trt t tng lp ca phn v n nay cha c xc lp chc chn. V vy ch nn coi n nh mt phc h thch a tng -- phc h Sng C. Mareitchev A. M. & Trn c Lng described

this unit as a formation, but did not indicate its stratotype, and the distribution of it was shown as follows: Ngn Su middle basin, North of Hng Kh townlet, and along northeastern slope of Trng Sn range in the form of northwestwards elongated and extended bands in the Sng C and Nm M basins. The lower part of the formation is well observed in the Sng C valley, from M Sn village crossing through Ro Vng river mouth to Sng Con valley. Due to the complicated geological structure and the absence of a stratotype, the stratigraphic sequence of this unit is not well established. Therefore, it should be treated as a lithostratigraphic complex. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Cu (Lot, Group) 1. evon sm, Lochkov Early Devonian, Lochkovian. 2. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964 (ip - Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Thi Nguyn province. 4. Bn Chang - Bn Tc, theo sui Bn Rm ra sng Cu, Thi Nguyn

Bn Chang village - Bn Tc village and along the Bn Rm stream running to Cu river, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o48'; y = 105o52'. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh dng quarzit mu xm vng hoc tm g, 500m; b) vi, ct kt vi mu xm en, xen phin vi, ct kt dng quarzit, 400 450m. a) Quartzitic quartz sandstone of light-grey, yellow-grey or chocolate colour, 500m; b) darkgrey limestone, calcareous sandstone, interbeds of marl and quartzitic sandstone, 400 - 450m. 6. 900 - 1000 m. 7. (a) Beyrichia sp., Leperditiidae, Antiarchi, ? Porolepis, ?Paleonisci. Tong-Dzuy Thanh & Ph. Janvier, (1994, 1998) pht hin v m t (TongDzuy Thanh & Ph. Janvier, (1994, 1998) collected and described): (a) Bannhuanaspis vukhuci, Yunnanolepis sp., Chuchinolepis dongmoensis, Youngolepis cf. praecursor; (b) Athyris sp., Chonetes sp., Howellella sp., Pugnacina baoi. 8. Bt chnh hp trn trm tch Orovic (cc Ht Lutxia, N M) v chnh hp di Ht Mia L (D1 ml) Unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks (Lutxia and N M Fms.); and conformably underlies the Mia L Fm. (D1 ml)

9. Lc a v bin ven b Continental and littoral. 10. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964 m t ip Sng Cu vi thnh phn mt ct nh trnh by trn y, theo phn v ny ng vi hai Ht. Si Ka (a) v Bc Bun (b). Hai h tng ny c thnh to trong mt chu k trm tch t tng lc a chuyn sang bin ven b, nhiu ni ca Bc B do s chuyn tip lin tc nn kh phn tch hai h tng ny. Tng Duy Thanh (1979, 1986, 1993) ngh coi phn v Sng Cu nh l mt lot bao gm hai Ht. Si Ka v Bc Bun. Ht. Khao H: T Hong Tinh 1964 (ng ngha) Trn Vn Tr et al. 1964 described the Sng Cu Suite consisting of two above - mentioned parts (a, b), corresponding respectively to the Si Ka (a) and Bc Bun (b) Fms. (see these units), which were formed in a succession from continental (a) to littoral environments (b). Due to the gradual transition of these two formations, in some areas of North Vit Nam it is difficult to draw the boundary between them. Tng Duy Thanh (1979, 1986, and 1993) suggested the Sng Cu Group which groups these two successive formations. Khao H Fm.: T Hong Tinh 1964 (synonym) 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Sng Chy (Lot, Group) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Phan Trng Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (h tng - Formation); Hong Thi Sn (lot - group). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Tuyn Quang and Yn Bi Provinces. 5. Bao gm hai h tng l Thc B v An Ph Composed of Thc B and An Ph Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia-mun, Lain-Carni Middle-Late Triassic, Ladinian-Carnian. 2. V Khc, 1980. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Mng Trai, Nm Mu v Pc Ma Including Mng Trai, Nm Mu and Pc Ma Fms. 3. Ty Bc B (III.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh v Yn Bi West Bc B (III.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh and Yn Bi provinces.

11. V Khc. 12. 3/1999 Sng Ln (i quarzit, Quartzite Zone) 1. Orovic Ordovician. 2. Jacob Ch. 1921 (Zone de quarzite du Song DoLen) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. ng Sn Invalid. Synonym of ng Sn Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Gm (i h lu, Downstream Zone) 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Zone de la Basse Rivire Gam). 10. Mt phc h thuc nhiu tui khc nhau ch yu l Paleozoi nay c xp vo nhiu h tng khc nhau Invalid. Rock complex of different ages, but mainly Paleozoic, that have been attributed at present to different formations. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Gi (ip, Suite)

1. evon gia Middle Devonian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 10. Khng hp thc; Nguyn Quang Hp s dng ip Sng Gi lin kt tng Dng ng (trm tch lc nguyn, tui Eifel) v tng Trng Knh (trm tch carbonat, tui Givet) trong mt vng hp Invalid; Nguyn Quang Hp established the Sng Gi Suite for correlating and unifying in a small area two formations, namely: Dng ng (terrigenous, Eifelian) and Trng Knh (carbonate, Givetian). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1999 Sng Hin (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Bourret, 1922 ( phin Sng Him - Sng Him Shale). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Cao Bng, H Giang, Bc Cn v Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng, H Giang, Bc Cn and Lng Sn provinces.

4. Dc sng Hin, on t Pc Gii n th x Cao Bng; x = 2235; y = 10614. Along the Hin River, in the section from Pc Gii to Cao Bng Town. 5. a) Ryolit, felsit, spilit, variolit, 0-100-250 m; b) ct kt tuf xen phin st, bt kt, 300 m; c) bt kt, phin st, 100 m; d) tuf ryolit, ct kt tuf, lp kp phin st, 125 m; e) bt kt, phin st, 75m; f) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp cui kt, 150m; g) phin st, bt kt, 120 m; h) si kt, ct kt tuf, lp kp bt kt v phin st, 190m; i) phin st,bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 110 m; k) ct kt, ct kt tuf, thu knh cui kt, 180 m a) Rhyolite, felsite, spilite, variolite, 0-100-250 m; b) tuffaceous sandstone, clay shale, siltstone, 300 m; c) siltstone, clay shale, 100 m; d) rhyolitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 125 m; e) siltstone, clay shale, 75m; f) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of conglomerate, 150m; g) clay shale, siltstone, 120m; h) gravelstone, tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 190m; i) clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 110m; k) sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, lenses of conglomerate, 180 m. 6. 600 - 1500 m. 7. Lytophiceras cf. sakuntala (b), Claraia vietnamica (b), C. cf. gervilliaeformis (b), Anasibirites cf.

multiformis (h), Dieneroceras sp. (h), Anakashmirites sp. (h). 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi paleozoi thng: khng chnh hp di Ht. Ln Pang tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Upper paleozoic limstones; unconformably under Anisian Ln Pang Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, bin Volcanogenic, marine. 10. Thot tin Bourret m t phn v gm c Dm kt nh v nh tui n t Antracolit gia n Trias gia. Sau , Fromaget (1934) tch phn Dm kt nh ra xp vo Ret, phn cn li cho l tui Uralo-Permi. Khi m t phn v ny l ip Sng Hin Vasilevskaia (1962) a ra mt danh sch Trng l Trias gia v cc thn mm m hi cho l c tui Lain - Carni nh tui ip l Lain - Carni. Gn y, trong o v a cht t l trung bnh Phm nh Long (1973) chia ip Sng Hin thnh 3 ph ip v tm c ho thch Cc Olenec ph ip gia, do tui ca phn v c nh li l Trias sm gia. Khi o v a cht t l ln Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk (1991) tch ph ip trn ca Phm nh Long ra thnh H tng Ln Png tui Anisi, v tm thy Claraia trong ph ip di, t Ht. Sng Hin c coi l tui Trias sm

Initially, Bourret described this unit as including the Summit Breccias, and dated it as Middle Anthracolite - Middle Triasic. Then, Fromaget (1934) Deparated the breccias for Rhaetion, and the remaining part was dated as Uralo - Permian. When describing this unit as Sng Hin Suite, Vasilevskaya (1962) gave a list of Middle Triassic foraminifers and some Bivalves, which were regarded at that time as Ladinian-Carnian for dating the suite as Ladinian-Carnian. Recently, during the work on middle scale geological survey Phm nh Long (1973) divided the Sng Hin into 3 subsuites, and found Olenekian ammonoids in the middle subsuite, based on this the suite was dated as Early Triassic. When working on the large scale geological survey Nguyn Kinh Quc et al (1991) separted the upper subsuite by Phm nh Long to describe the new Ln Png Formation of Anisian age, and found Claraia in the Lower Subsuite; since this time the Sng Hin Fm. has been regarded as Early Triassic in age. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Sng Hng (Lot, Group) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic.

2. Fromaget J. 1927 (Roches crystallines anciennes); E..Vasilevskaya (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1963) (Arkei). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Nam nh v TP H Ni. Sng Hng zone (I.2); Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Nam nh Provinces and H Ni City. 5. c phn chia thnh cc Ht. Ni Con Voi, Ty Cc v Thi Ninh (Nguyn Vnh, Phan Trng Th v nnk, 1973) hoc cc h tng Ni Con Voi, Ngi Chi (Trn Xuyn, 1988) Subdivided into Ni Con Voi, Ty Cc and Thi Ninh Fms. (Nguyn Vnh 1988, Phan Trng Th, 1973) or Ni Con Voi and Ngi Chi Fms. (Trn Xuyn, 1988). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng Hng v Sng Chy (Gneis gia, Gneiss between) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. C. Jacob, R. Bourret, 1920. 10. Hin nay xp vo lot Sng Hng Referred at present to the Sng Hng Group.

11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998. Sng Kim Sn (Lot, Group) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 10. Hin c gi l Ht. Kim Sn thuc lot Kan Nack tui Arkei Named at present as Kim Sn Fm. of the Archean Kan Nack Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng L ( phin hoc Phc h, Schist or Complex) 1. Trc Hercyn v Anthracolit Pre-Hercynian and Anthracolitic. 2. Bourret R., 1922. 10. Hin nay c xp vo cc Ht. Sng Chy, Chim Ho v H Giang Referred at present to Sng Chy, Chim Ha and H Giang Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998

 Sng Lu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen- Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. L c An v nnk. 1981 3. Nam Trung B (III.2); thung lng sng lu, sng Mao, khu vc Lng Sn v Thanh Chu. South Trung B (III.2); Lu River and Mao River valleys, Lng Sn and Thanh Chu areas, Bnh Thun Province. 4. Thung lng sng Lu. B sung qua l khoan Thanh Chu. Lu River valley; supplementary section at Thanh Chu (after holes) 5. a) Ct pha st, 3-4m; b) ct-cui kt, si kt, 2m; c) st kt, ct kt c mn thc vt, tectit nguyn dng, 8m. a) Clayey sand, 3-4m; b) sandstone, conglomerate, gravelstone, 2m; c) claystone, sandstone bearing plant detritus, tektite in original shape, 8m. 6. 10 - 20 m. 7. Phc h BTPH phong ph (Abundant sporopollenic assemblage): Adiantum sp., Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Lygodium sp., Microlepia sp., Osmunda sp., Cystopteris sp., Pteris sp., Polypodium sp., Poaceae gen. in det., Lithocarpus sp., Marrola sp.,

Juglans sp., Rubiaceae gen, indet., Carya sp., Larix sp., Tiliaceae gen. in det., Castanopsis sp., Rhizophora sp., etc. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to xm nhp v phun tro Mesozoi Discondantly upon Mesozoic intrusive and vocanic formations. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Sng M (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri gia Middle Cambrian. 2. Phm Kim Ngn, Trn Vn Tr (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Thanh Ha, Sn La and Lai Chu provinces. 4. B phi sng L t Hi Xun i v pha lng Bai, Hi Xun, Thanh Ha

Right bank of L river from Hi Xun townlet toward Bai village, Hi Xun district, Thanh Ha province; x = 20o22'; y =105o06'. 5. a) phin st sericit xen vi hoa ha, 600 700m; b) vi hoa ha, phin sericit, phin thch anh - sericit, 700m; c) hoa, phin thch anh - sericit xen lp mng ct kt, 300 - 400m. a) Sericite clay shale, interbeds of marbleized limestone, 600 - 700m; b) marbleized limestone, quartz-sericite schist, sericite schist, 700m; c) marble, quartz-sericite schist, thin sandstone interbeds, 300 - 400m. 6. 300 - 1800 m. 7. Cyclolorenzella sp.(c), Damesellidae (c), Agnostidae (c). 8. Khng chnh hp (?) trn Ht Nm C v chnh hp di Ht Hm Rng Unconformably (?) overlies the Nm C Fm. and conformably underlies the Hm Rng Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. ovjikov v nnk. 1965 m t khi lng ca Ht. Sng M trong thnh phn ca cc h tng khc nhau nh Chim Ho, Bn Kh, ng Sn, Sinh Vinh. Nn coi Ht. in L v Ht. Sng M l ng ngha, cng c xc lp trn a bn Ty Thanh

Ho. Tuy vy theo m t ca Phm Kim Ngn v Trn Vn Tr (1977) th dng nh thnh phn vi trong Ht. Sng M nhiu hn. Tc gi ca h tng th nht cha pht hin ho thch nh tui, cn trong Ht. Sng M th Phm Kim Ngn v Trn Vn Tr pht hin ho thch nh tui Cambri gia Dovzhikov et al. 1965 described the rocks of this formation in the frame of different units, such as Chim Ho, Bn Kh, ng Sn, Sinh Vinh Fms. in L and Sng M Fms. should be synonyms, both of them were firstly described in the same West Thanh Ho area. However, judging the description of Phm Kim Ngn & Trn Vn Tr (1977), the limestone components in the Sng M Fm. seem to be more than in the in L one. Characteristic faunas were not discovered in the in L Fm., while Middle Cambrian Trilobites have been collected in the Sng M one. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Mua (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965.

3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Ha Bnh, Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc sng Mua, pha di lng Ng Hai, Sn La. Mt ct ph chun: Ho Bnh - Tu L (Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986) Along the Mua river, lower side of Ng Hai village, Sn La province. Hypostratotype: Ho Bnh - Tu L (Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 5. a) phin st c lp cha vi, trn c xen vi lp mng phin cha than, 900m; b) phin cha vi, 700m; c) ch yu l phin st c xen nhng lp ct kt phn di v nhng thu knh mng vi phn trn cng, 400m; d) phin st xen ct kt dng quarzit, 160m; e) phin vi v vi c ct, st, 170m Mt ct ph chun, chnh hp trn h tng B Hing: a) phin st, c lp cha vi, di tch sinh vt khng xc nh, 580m; b) phin st vi, phong ph ho thch, 500m; c) phin st, cc di mng bt kt, ct kt ht nh, 180m; d) phin st en, phin dng di xen ct kt dng quartzit, 130m; e) phin st c silic, xen vi lp ct kt, 50m. a) Clay shale, some calcareous shale beds, some interbeds of coaly shale in the upper part, 900m; b)

calcareous shale, 700m; c) clay shale, some interbeds of sandstone in the lower part, and thin limestone lenses in the uppermost part, 400m; d) clay shale, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, 160m; e) calcareous shale and sandy- clayish limestone, 170m. Hypostratotype, in conformity upon the B Hing Formation: a) clay shale, sometime calcareous, bearing indeterminable fossils, 580m; b) marlaceous shale bearing abundant fossils, 500m; c) clay shale, thin bands of siltstone and fine sandstone, 180m; d) black clay shale, stripped shale, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, 130m; e) cherty shale, some interbeds of sandstone, 50m (Nguyn Vnh 1977; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 6. 700 - 2300 m. 7. Hysterolites wangi (=Howittia wangi) (c), H. cf. wangi (d), Hysterolites sp. (c), Pugnacina ? sp. (c, d), Chonetes sp. (c), Athyris sp. (c), Lingula sp. (c), Sphenotus ? cf. spatulata (d), Mytilarca ? sp. (d), Pteria (Actinopteria) sp. (c, d), Otarion sp. (c), Rhynchonellida (c, d), Rugosa (e). Ti mt ct ph chun Ho Bnh - Tu L -- From Ho Bnh - Tu L hypostratotype: (b) Mesodouvillina aff. subinterstrialis, Iridistrophia aff. praeumbracula, Camarotoechia sp., Howellella sp., Platyorthis aff. cimex, Stropheodonta aff.

interstrialis, Chonetes cf. striatella, Schyschcatocrinus astericus, Pterinea sp., Posidonia sp.; c) Howittia wangi (= Hysterolites wangi), Strophochonetes sp., Pugnacina sp., Howellella sp., Gravicalymene maloungcaensis, Pteria (Actinopteria) sp., Sphenotus (?) cf. spatula, e): Howittia wangi, Chonetes hoabinhensis, Strophochonetes sp., Pugnacina aff. baoi, Pteria (Actinopteria) subdecussata (Nguyn Vnh 1977; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht B Hing (S2 bh) v di Ht Bn Ngun (D1 bn) Conformably overlies the B Hing Fm. (S2 bh) and underlies the Bn Ngun Fm. (D1 bn) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Sui Tra: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (ng ngha); ? phin Mng Th: Dussault L. 1929 (ng ngha) Sui Tra Fm.: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (junior synonym); Mng-th schist: Dussault L. 1929 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Nan (H tng, Formation)

1. Carbon gia - mun Middle - Late Carboniferous. 2. L Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi (part.) Bc Trung B Invalid. Synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. (part.) in North Trung B. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Phan (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura gia, Bajoci-Bathon Middle Jurassic, Bajocian-Bathonian. 2. V Khc, Nguyn c Thng, 1996. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun and Lm ng Provinces. 4. Dc sng Phan, gn ga ng st Sng Phan Along the Phan River, near the Sng Phan railways station; x = 1054, y = 10755. 5. H xen k dng nhp ct kt ht va - ht th vi bt kt cha vn thc vt v t st kt

Rhythmic intercalation of medium- to coarsegrained sandstone with siltstone bearing plant debris and minor claystone. 6. 600 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. M tui Aalen-Bajoci Conformably lying upon Aalenian-Bajocian M Fm. 9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral. 10. L h tng trn ca phn lot La Ng (lot Bn n) Being the upper formation of the La Ng Subgroup (Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Sng Re (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi. Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1985. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Nam, Qung Ngi v Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam, Qung Ngi and Kon Tum Provinces. 4. Trung lu sng Re, on Sn H - Gi Vc

Middle course of the Re River, the section Sn H - Gi Vc; x = 14050, y = 108030. 5. a) Gneis v plagiogneis biotit-horblen, cc lp mng hay thu knh amphibolit, phin thch anh -felspat-biotit; b) gneis biotit-horblen, cc lp mng phin thch anh -biotit-amphibol; c) gneis biotit, phin thch anh -felspat-biotit-horblen a) Biotite-hornblende gneiss and plagiogneiss, interbeds or lenses of amphibolite, quartz-feldsparbiotite schist; b) biotite-hornblende gneiss, interbeds of quartz-biotite-amphibole schist; c) biotite gneiss, quartz- feldspar-biotite-hornblende schist. 6. >3000 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, chuyn tip ln cc tp phin ca h tng Tc P Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the Tc P Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn - ni la. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, volcano-terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L mt h tng ca lot Ngc Linh Being a formation of the Ngc Linh Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng.

12. 11/1998 Sng Si Gn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Bi Ph M v V Khc, 1980 (ip - Suite). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Bnh Phc Province. 4. Dc sng Tng L Chm, t cu T Thit n nng trng Tng L Chn Along the Tng L Chm River from the T Thit bridge to the Tng L Chn Farm ; x = 1139; y = 10630. 5. a) St vi, bt kt vi, lp kp ct kt cha vi, 200 m; b) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, ct kt vi v st vi, 300 m; c) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp st kt, 300 m a) Marl, calcareous siltstone, interbeds of calcareous sandstone, 200 m; b) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, calcareous sandstone and marl, 300 m; c) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of claystone, 300 m. 6. 800 m.

7. Otoceras (Metotoceras) phumyi (a), Ophiceras cf. commune (a), Claraia stachei (a), C. ex gr. C. aurita (a), Eumorphotis inaequicostata (a), Pteria cf. ussurica (a), Bellerophon sp. (a), Gyronites sp. (b), Anasibirites sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp vi Permi thng; khng chnh hp di Ht. Chu Thi tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Permian limestone; unconformably under Anisian Chu Thi Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Sng Tranh (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 10. Hin c m t l Ht. Sng Re Described at present as the Sng Re Fm. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sn Ch (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun

Late Cretaceous. 2. Bi Minh Tm, ng Trn Huyn 3. Ty Nam B (IV); vng Hn Chng - H Tin, tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Hn Chng - H Tin area, Kin Giang Province. 4. Vng ni Sn Ch, bc Hn Chng 10km; x = 10o13, y = 104o40 Sn Ch Mt. area, 10km north of Hn Chng. 5. a) Tuf, 20-30m; b) ryolit porphyr, acitoryolit, albitophyr thch anh, 120-150m a) Tuff, 20-30m; b) porphyritic rhyolite, dacitorhyolite, quartz albitophyre, 120-150m. 6. 150 - 500 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. T Pa tui Jura sm-gia Unconformably lying upon Early-Middle Jurassic T Pa Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, ni mng Volcanogenic, intraplate. 10. Ht. n Dng (vng H Tin): Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha) n Dng Fm. (H Tin area): Nguyn Kinh Quc (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym).

11. V Khc. 12. 6/1999 Sn Dng (ip, Suite) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Sn La (Lot, Group) 1. Trias sm-gia Early-Middle Triassic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh and Thanh Ho. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. C Ni, ng Giao v Nm Thm Including the C Ni, ng Giao and Nm Thm Fms. 11. V Khc.

12. 2/1999 Sn Liu (ip, Suite) 1. Carbon sm Early Carboniferous. 2. Phm Vn Quang (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Con Voi Invalid. Synonym of Con Voi Fm.: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sui Bng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. ovjikov v Nguyn Tng Tri (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (Nori-Norian). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ninh Bnh v Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ninh Bnh and Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc theo sui Lo vng than Sui Bng Along the Lo Stream of the Sui Bng coal field; x = 2059; y = 10448.

5. a) St vi, bt kt, bt kt v s, ct kt, vi st v s, 145 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, 246 m; c) ct kt thch anh, 290 m; d) ct kt, lp kp bt kt, sn kt, sn kt cha cui, 90m; e) bt kt xen ct kt, t st than, 100 m; f) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, cc va than gy, 220 m a) Marl, siltstone, coquinoid siltstone, sandstone, coquina, 145m; b) siltstone, sandstone, 246 m; c) quartz sandstone, 290 m; d) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, gritstone, pebble-bearing gritstone, 90m; e) siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of coaly shale, 100 m; f) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, coal seams, 220 m. 6. 700 - 1100 m. 7. Burmesia lirata (a,b,c), Gervillia shaniorum (a,b), Costatoria (Napengocosta) napengensis (a,b,c), Zittelihalobia sublaevis (a,b), Z. obruchevi (a), Halobia distincta (a), Juvavites magnus (a), Cyrtopleurites bicrenatus (a), Discotropites noricus (b), Parathisbites sopcopensis (d), Zittelihalobia tenuis (d), Gervillia cf. inflata (e), Unionites damdunensis (e), Vietnamicardium nequam (e), Clathropteris meniscioides (f), Asterotheca cottoni (f), Goeppertella microloba (f), Cladophlebis raciborskii (f), ... 8. Khng chnh hp trn nhiu h tng c hn; chnh hp di cc h tng Jura

Unconformably upon many older formations; conformably under Jurassic formations. 9. Bin, lc a Marine, subcontinental. 10. mt ct chun khng thy lp cui kt c s, nhng n c mt nhiu ni, c bit vng Pu Pha Vt (ng in Bin) lp ny dy ti 370 m In the stratotypic area the bed of basal conglomerate has not been found, but it is exposed in many places, especially at Pu Pha Vt (east of in Bin) it reaches a thickness of 370 m. 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Sui B (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 10. Hin c xp vo Ht. Ngi Thia Attributed at present to the Ngi Thia Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Sui Ching (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi

Paleoproterozoic 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I. 3); cc tnh Ho Bnh, Lo Cai, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Ha Bnh, Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Trung lu Sui Ching Middle course of Sui Ching Stream; x = 2105 , y= 10455. 5. a) Gneis, cc lp mng quarzit, quarzit biotit v phin thch anh-biotit-granat, 700 m; b) amphibolit, gneis amphibol-biotit, gneis biotit, quarzit biotit, 1500 m a) Gneiss, interbeds of quartzite, biotite quartzite, quartz-biotite-garnet schist, 700m; b) amphibolite, amphibole-biotite gneiss, biotite quartzite, 1500m. 6. > 2500 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, nm chnh hp di Ht. Sinh Quyn Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the Sinh Quyn Fm. 9. Lc nguyn - ni la bazan. Bin cht khu vc tng epiot-amphibolit, amphibolit. Terrigenous- basaltic volcanic. Epidote-amphibolite and amphibolite facies of metamorphism.

10. Ht. Lng P: Bi Ph M v nnk. 1972 (ng ngha); Ht. Po Sen (mt phn): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (ng ngha). L h tng di ca lot Xun i Lng P Fm.: Bi Ph M et al. 1972 (synonym); Po Sen Fm. (part.) Trn Quc Hi 1967 (synonym). Being the lower formation of the Xun i Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sui Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 (trc Sini - PreSinian) 10. Hin nay c xp vo Ht. Sinh Quyn hoc Ngi Ht Attributed at present to Sinh Quyn or Ngi Ht Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sui Tra (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1975.

10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sng Mua: ovjikov A. E. 1965. Invalid. Synonym of Sng Mua Fm.: Dovzhikov A. E. 1965. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sn Gia (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. V Khc, Ct Nguyn Hng, Nguyn Sn . 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Trn ng t An im i vo ni Sn Gia On the earth road from An im to the Sn Gia Mt; x = 1552, y = 10752. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt cha cui, thu knh bt kt than, 250 m; b) ct kt thch anh, lp kp st than, ct kt cha felspat, thu knh than, c ni va than dy, 400 m; c) ct kt ht th cha felspat, thu knh bt kt than, than, 160 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, pebble-bearing sandstone, lenses of coaly siltstone, 250 m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of coaly shale, feldspar-bearing sandstone, lenses of coal, locally thick coal seams, 400 m; c) feldspar-bearing

coarse sandstone, lenses of coaly siltstone, coal nests, 160 m. 6. 810 m. 7. Clathropteris obovata (a), Podozamites lanceolatus (a), P. distans (a), Ptilozamites tenuis (a), Cycadocarpidium erdmanni (a), Goeppertella vietnamica (a), Cladophlebis raciborskii (a), Cl. ngockinhensis (b), Baiera guilhaumati (b), Palissya brauni (b), Clathropteris longilobata (c), Dictyophyllum nathorstii (c), Classopollis sp. (c), Mattonia cf. triassica (c), Neoraistrickia taylori (c), vv... 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. An im tui Nori; khng chnh hp di Ht. Bn C tui Sinemur Conformably upon Norian An im Fm.; unconformably under Sinemurian Bn C Fm. 9. Lc a cha than Continental, coal-bearing. 10. ip Nng Sn, phn trn: V Khc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Nng Sn Nng Sn suite, upper part: V Khc (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Nng Sn Group. 11. V Khc.

12. 2/1999

T.
T Nt (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (IV.2); tnh Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (IV.2); Bnh Phc Province. 4. Dc thng ngun sng Si Gn, gn Phum T Nt; x = 11o50, y = 106o28 Along the Si Gn Riverhead, near T Nt village. 5. t cui kt, bt kt, ct kt v phin st. 6. 300 m. 7. Girtypecten sp., Peridopecten sp., Palaeolima sp., Streptorhynchus cf. pelargonatus, Uncinunellina aff. U. timorensis.

8. Ranh gii di khng r; pha trn chnh hp di Ht. Hn Qun Lower boundary not observed, and conformably underlying the Hn Qun Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. y l phn lc nguyn nm chn ca mt ct Permi thng T Thit (Bi Ph M, 1986) mi c tch ra trong qu trnh hiu nh lot t bn a cht 1:200.000 ng bng Nam B. This is the lower part including terrigenous sediments of the T Thit Upper Permian sequences (Bi Ph M, 1986), separated recently during the revision of the Nam B Plain Geological Map sheets Group on 1:200.000 scale. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 8/1998 T Pa (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. V Khc, ng Trn Huyn. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh An Giang v o Hn Ngh (Kin Giang) West Nam B (IV); An Giang Province and Hn Ngh island (Kin Giang).

4. Dy T Pa vng By Ni, huyn Tri Tn T Pa Range in the By Ni area, Tri Tn District; x = 1021, y = 10500. 5. a) Bt kt tm nu, 20 m; b) bt kt, st kt, 10 m; c) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 20 m; d) ct kt cha cui, 50 m a) Violetish-brown siltstone, 20 m; b) siltstone, claystone, 10 m; c) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 20 m; d) pebble-bearing sandstone, 50 m. 6. 100 - 250 m. 8. Ranh gii di khng r, pha trn nm khng chnh hp di Ht. Xa Lon tui Jura mun Lower boundary unknown, upper beds unconformably underlie Late Jurassic Xa Lon Fm. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Du Ting: Phan Don Thch (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1995) (ng ngha) (?) Du Ting Fm.: Phan Don Thch (in Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1995) (synonym) (?) 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 T Thit (Lot, Group) 1. Permi mun

Late Permian. 2. Bi Ph M 1986 (H tng - Formation). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2) cc tnh Bnh Dng v Ty Ninh South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Bnh Dng and Ty Ninh Provinces. 5. Lot ny bao gm hai Ht. T Nt v Hn Qun Including two formations, namely T Nt and Hn Qun. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 6/1999 T Khoa (H tng, Formation) 1. ? evon sm - gia Early - Middle Devonian 2. Deprat J. 1914 (Phc h bin cht T Khoa -Complexe mtamorphique de Ta Khoa); Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977 (Ht. T Khoa -- T Khoa Fm.). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); thung lng Sng , Sn La West Bc B (I.3), Sng Valley, Sn La province. 4. Dc theo sui Nm Sp - Sng Along Nm Sp stream - River; x = 210 09', y = 1040 24'.

5. a) Ct kt, ct kt dng quarzit phn di mng, xen k phin b sng ho, sericit ho, 900m; b) phin st b sng ho, clorit - sericit ho, xen ct kt v ct kt dng quarzit, 1700m a) Thin- banded sandstone, quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of hornfelsified and sericitized schist, 900m; b) hornfelsified and sericite - chlorite schist, interbeds of sandstone and quartzitic sandstone, 1700m. 6. 2600 - 3400 m. 7. (b) Di tch ho thch khng xc nh -Undeterminable fossil remains. - Ti Bn Mong, trong lp ct kt ng vi (b) -- At Bn Mong, from the sandstone beds corresponding to (b): Dicoelostrophia annamitica, Atrypa reticularis, Orthis sp., Chonetes sp., Spirifer sp., Leptaena sp. indet. - Ti Nm Mui, trong trm tch lc nguyn xen t vi ng vi (b) -- At Nm Mui area, from the terrigenous and intercalated limestone beds corresponding to (b): Denckmanites vietnamicus, Platiclymenia ? sp., Teicherticeras sp. 8. Quan h vi trm tch lt di v ph trn khng quan st c Contact with underlying and overlying strata was not observed.

9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Nm Sp: ovjikov v nnk. 1965 (ng ngha). Ht. T Khoa gm ch yu l bin cht, b dy ca h tng rt ln, thnh phn ho thch rt him; nhng ho thch k trn y c thu thp ni khc v i snh vi phn trn ca h tng. Do c th coi tui ca Ht. T Khoa l vn cn phi lm r thm. Nm Sp Fm.: Dovzhikov A. E. et al. 1965 (synonym). T Khoa Fm. consists mainly of metamorphic rocks of great thickness, above cited fossils were collected not from the main section, but from the beds, correlated to upper part of the T Khoa Fm.. Therefore, the age of this Formation should be an opened problem. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tam Danh (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta - Paleogen (?) Cretaceous - Paleogene (?). 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1991 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn Province.

4. Dc ng t Bc Ca i Tng Han; x = 21o50, y = 106o37 Along the road from Bc Ca to Tng Han. 5. a) Cui sn kt tuf, sn kt tuf, 6-15 m; b) bazan aphyr, hyalobazan, 40-60 m; c) anesitoacit, anesitobazan, 5-20 m; d) bazan, variolit, bazan thu tinh, 30-60 m; e) st kt cha tro ni la, si lic, i ch xen ct kt tuf, 3-4 m; f) bazan l hng, hyalobazan, bazan phong ho thnh t , 10-30 m a) Tuffaceous conglomerate and gritstone, 6-5 m; b) aphyric basalt, hyalobasalt, 40-60 m; c) andesitodacite, andesitobasalt, 5-20 m; d) basalt, variolite, glassy basalt, 30-60 m; e) shale bearing volcanic ash, chert, locally interbedded with tuffaceous sandstone, 3-4 m; f) porous basalt, hyalobasalt, weathered to red soil basalt, 10-30 m. 6. 95 - 170 m. 8. Ph khng chnh hp trn ryolit Ht. Tam Lung, ranh gii trn khng r Unconformably covering rhyolite of the Tam Lung Fm., upper boundary unknown. 9. Ngun ni la lc a Volcanogenic, continental. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1999.

 Tam Lang (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Cng Lng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk 1989). 10. Khng hp thc do m t sai phn di ca mt ct. c m t li l Ht. Bnh Liu Invalid by the wrong description of the lower part of the formation. Redescribed as Bnh Liu Fm.. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Tam Lung (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm (?) Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous (?). 2. V Khc v ng Trn Huyn, 1995. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Dc ng t Phai Mon n Po Khau T vng Tam Lung; x = 2157; y = 10642. Along the earth road from Phai Mon to Po Khau T Mt, Tam Lung area. 5. a) Cui kt c s, sn kt, ct kt, lp kp phin st v bt kt, 50m; b) tuf, ryolit porphyr , ryoacit, ryotrachyt, lp kp sn kt tuf, 500-550m

a) Basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, interbeds of clay shale and siltstone, 50 m; b) tuff, porphyritic rhyolite, rhyodacite, rhyotrachyte, interbeds of tuffaceous gritstone, 500-550 m. 6. 500 - 600 m. 9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 10. H Jura khng phn chia: Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp l); bc Anisi (mt phn): Phm c Lng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (khng hp l); h tng Tam Lang (mt phn): Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk 1992 (ng ngha) Undifferentiated Jurassic: Zhamoida & Phm Vn Quang (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid); Anisian Stage (part.): Phm c Lng (in Trn Vn Tr et al 1977) (invalid); Tam Lang Formation (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc et al 1992 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Tc P ( H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk,1994.

3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Nam, Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam and Kon Tum Provinces. 4.Thng lu Nm Nin, gn th trn Tc P Upper course of Nm Nin Stream, near Tc P small town; x = 15012, y = 108007. 5. a) Gneis biotit, plagiogneis biotit, xen phin thch anh -biotit-granat; b) phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit; c) phin cha graphit xen hoa olivin, phin biotit- iopsi-graphit a) Biotite gneiss, biotite plagiogneiss, interbeds of quartz-biotite-garnet schist; b) quartz-biotitesillimanite schist; c) graphite-bearing schist, interbeds of olivine marble, biotite-diopsidegraphite schist. 6. >2500 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Re, tip xc kin to vi cc phn v tr hn Conformably overlying the Sng Re Fm., tectonically contacting with younger formations 9. Bin, lc nguyn -carbonat. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, calcaro-terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism.

10. L mt h tng ca lot Ngc Linh. Mt ct trung lu sng k Mi (5000 m) c l y hn gm: a) phin gneis-biotit, phin biotitsilimanit-granat, thu knh amphibolit, 1500m; b) phin biotit, phin thch anh-felspat-biotit, quarzit, 2000m; c) phin biotit-borblen, phin biotit, hoa v calciphyr, 400m; d) gneis, gneis biotit, migmatit biotit-granat, 1000m Being a formation of the Ngc Linh Group. The section exposed in the middle course of k Mi River (5000m) may be fuller: a) biotite gneissic schist, biotite-silimanite-garnet schist, lenses of amphibolite, 1500m; b) biotite schist, quartzfeldspar-biotite schist, quarzite, 2000m; c) biotitehornblende, biotite gneiss, biotite-garnet migmatite, 1000m. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Tn Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm, Olenec Early Triassic, Olenekian. 2. Phan C Tin (trong Phan C Tin v nnk 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Ho Bnh

West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La and Ho Bnh provinces. 4. Trn ng t Mng Hng i Mng Tham vng Tn Lc; x = 2033; 10522. Along the earth road from Mng Hng to Mng Tham in Tn Lc area. 5. a) Ct kt, ct kt tuf, thu knh bt kt, 250-300 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, ct kt tuf, 400-450 m; c) st vi, vi st c vn cc hnh giun trn mt lp, 80-150 m a) Sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, lenses of siltstone, 250-300 m; b) siltstone, sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, 450 m; c) marl, clayish limestone with vermicular clots on the bedding surface, 80-150 m. 6. 730 - 850 m. 7. Entolium discites microtis (b), E. discites (b, c), Costatoria costata (c), Neoschizodus laevigatus elongatus (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Vin Nam v di Ht. ng Giao Unconformably lying upon Vin Nam Fm, and under ng Giao Fm. 9. Bin Marine.

10. Ct kt cha Hoernesia socialis: Deprat 1913 (mt phn) (khng hp l); Ht. C Ni (phn trn): ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (ng ngha). L mt h tng thuc phn gia ca lot Sn La Hoernesia socialis Sandstone: Deprat 1913 (part.) (invalid); C Ni Fm. (part.): Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (synonym). Being a formation of the middle part of the Sn La Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Tn Lm (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian 2. ng Trn Huyn v nnk. 1980 10. ng danh ca "Calcaires de Tn Lm" (Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968), nn c i tn l Ht. A Chc Homonym of "Calcaires de Tn - lm" (Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968), so renameded as A Chc Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 12. 6/1998

 Tn Lm (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia - mun, Givet - Frasni Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian Frasnian. 2. Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968 (Calcaires de Tn Lm) 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr, Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Lng C Bai n A Chc, Hng Ha, Qung Tr; x = 16o53, y = 106o34 From C Bai to A Choc villages, Hng Ha district, Qung Tr province. 5. a) vi, st vi xen phin st, 60m; b) vi dng khi, 100 - 120m; c) vi phn lp, i ni c cu to phn di, 200 - 250m. a) Limestone, marl, interbeds of clay shale, 60m; b) massive limestone, 100 - 120m; c) bedded, locally stripped limestone, 200 - 250m (Nguyn Xun Dng, in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 6. 280 - 500 m. 7. Emanuella ronensis (a), Schizophoria bistriata (a), Athyris concentricus (a), Hexagonaria sp. (a), Crassialveolites cf. crassus (a), Tienodictyon tschussovense (b), Stachyodes angulata (b), Amphipora laxeperforata (b), Atelodictyon

trauscholdi (b), Alaiophyllum incomptum (b), Cystospirifer sublimis (b), C. cf. tenticulum (b), Uchtospirifer nalivkini (b), U. cf. concentricus (b), Stachyodes costulata (c), S. insignis (c), Alveolites subormicularis (c), Gracilipora polonica (c), Tikhinella fringa (c), Tournayella sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht A Chc (D1 ac) v khng chnh hp di Ht La Kh (C1 lk) Conformably (?) overlying the A Chc Fm. (D1 ac), and unconformably underlying the La Kh Fm. (C1 lk). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Tn Lm lu nay c quen gi l Ht. C Bai hoc l C Bai (Nguyn Xun Dng: trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986, V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990), nhng trc Trn Th Ch Thun v H. Fontaine (1968) dng tn vi Tn Lm m t h tng ny vng Tn Lm, Qung Tr. Do tn h tng c chnh l theo tn do Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine (1968) xut. Mt ct in hnh m t theo Nguyn Xun Dng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M 1990). The Tn Lm section was described by Nguyn Xun Dng 1978 (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986, V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990) as C Bai or C Bai Fm., but Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine

1968 have described the Tn Lm Limestone from the Tn Lm area, Qung Tr province. Thus the Formation name is here corrected in accordance with the one given by Trn Th Ch Thun and H. Fontaine (1968). The description of the typical section of the formation was made by Nguyn Xun Dng (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tn Lp ( H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia - mun, Givet - Frasni Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian - Frasnian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, ng Trn Huyn 1991. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Mt ct u cu M Nhi - im cao 505 v bn b tri sui M Nhi, huyn Bc Sn, Lng Sn From M Nhi bridge to the height 505 and at the left bank of M Nhi stream, Bc Sn district, Lng Sn province; x = 21o50', y = 106o21'. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt arkos (thnh phn cui ch yu l silic, silic vi; sn kt gm thch anh, cc mnh silic v magma), 50m; b) ct kt thch anh xen vi st, 50 - 70m

a) Conglomerate, arkosic gritstone (conglomerate pebbles are composed mainly of chert, calcareous chert; gritstone grains - quartz, chert and magmatic rocks), 50m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of clayish limestone, 60 - 70m. 6. 100 - 170 m. 7. Lepidodendropsis cf. hirnesci (b), L. sp. (b). 9. Bin ven b Littoral. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tn Mi ( H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic (? Orovic mun) - Silur Ordovician (? Late Ordovician) - Silurian. 2. Jamoida A.I., Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh province. 4. Theo ng t i qua lng Tn Mi, Qung Ninh. Along the road crossing Tn Mi village, Qung Ninh province; x = 21o34'; y = 107o43'. 5. Phn di: a) ct kt, bt kt xen vi lp sn kt, phin sericit, 90m; b) ct kt tuf xen cc lp sn kt, phin sericit, 30m; c) bt kt, phin st

sericit, phin thch anh, 240m; d) phin sericit, phin thch anh, 250m; e) ct kt dng quarzit xen phin sericit, 150m. Phn trn: f) phin thch anh - sericit xen phylit, 150m; g) bt kt xen t phylit, 250m; h) ct kt xen bt kt, 150m; i) bt kt xen ct bt kt, phin st sericit, 120m. Lower part: a) sandstone, siltstone, some interbeds of gritstone, sericite schist, 90m; b) tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of gritstone, sericite schist, 30m; c) siltstone, sericite-clay shale, quartz schist, 240m; d) sericite schist, quartz schist, 250m; e) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of sericite schist, 150m. Upper part: f) quartz-sericite schist, interbeds of phyllite, 150m; g) siltstone, some interbeds of phyllite, 250m; h) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 150m; i) siltstone, interbeds of silty sandstone, sericite- clay shale, 120m. 6. 1290 - 1690 m. 7. Bohemograptus tenuis (g), Lobograptus cf. crinitus (g), Neoculograptus inexpectatus (g), Pristiograptus pseudodubius (g), Graptolithina indet. (h). 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, khng chnh hp di Ht Sn Lower boundary not observed, unconformably underlying the Sn Fm..

9. Bin Marine. 10. Nhng ho thch Graptolit nu trn y cha pht hin li c trong o v a cht t l 1: 50 000 vng phn b h tng Tn Mi Above-cited Graptolite fossils were not found again in the geological mapping on 1:50 000 scale in the distributive area of the Tn Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ty Cc (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1969. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Ph Th East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and Ph Th Provinces. 4. ng t Ngc L n Phi nh On the road from Ngc L to Phi nh; x = 21038, y = 10507. 5. a) phin thch anh -plagioclas-biotit, cc lp mng quarzit biotit-graphit; b) phin thch anh -plagioclas-biotit, quarzit biotit, quarzit sch

a) Quartz-plagioclase-biotite schist, interbeds of biotite-graphite quartzite; b) quartz-plagioclasebiotite, biotite quartzite, quartzite. 6. >1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Ni Con Voi v chuyn tip ln Ht. Thi Ninh Conformably overlying the Ni Con Voi Fm. and underlying the Thi Ninh Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn. Bin cht khu vc n tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng gia ca lot Sng Hng Being the middle formation of the Sng Hng Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998. Ty Hn Ngh (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian 2. Bi Ph M, V Khc, 1980 (Ht. Hn Ngh, phn trn) 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province.

4. B ty o Hn Ngh Western margin of the Hn Ngh Island, x = o 10 02, y = 104o34 5. a) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 20m; b) bt kt, lp kp phin st dng di, 55m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 75m; d) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 50m a) Clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 20m; b) siltsone, interbeds of stripped clay shale, 55m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 75m; d) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 50m. 6. 200 m. 7. Daonella cf. moussoni (a), Posidonia wengensis (a) 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn u khng r Unknown lower and upper boundaries 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. Thot tin th a cht ny c m t chung vi vi Ht. Minh Ho nm di l Ht. Hn Ngh (Bi Ph M, V Khc 1980). Gn y, khi xut bn t bn a cht t H Tin - Ph Quc t l 1: 200.000 (Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1996), chng c tch ra lm hai h tng: vi nm di mang tn Ht. Minh Ho, phin nm trn vn mang tn Ht. Hn Ngh. Danh php ny tri vi quy

nh ca Quy phm a tng (1994) c ban hnh, nn phin nm trn c t tn li l Ht. Ty Hn Ngh, cn tn Hn Ngh c gi li cho phn v cp lot bao gm hai h tng: Minh Ho v Ty Hn Ngh Initially, this geological body was described together with the underlying Minh Ho Limestone under the common name Hn Ngh Fm. (Bi Ph M, V Khc 1980). Recently, when publishing the H Tin - Ph Quc geological map sheet on 1:200.000 scale the limestone part was separated to form the Minh Ho Fm., and the upper shale part was described under the former name Hn Ngh Fm.. That does not conform with the regulations of the Stratigraphic codex of Vit Nam (1994). Therefore, the shale part is renamed in this work as Ty Hn Ngh Fm.. As for the Hn Ngh name, it has been held back for an unit of higher level - a group including two formations: Minh Ho and Ty Hn Ngh ones. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/2000. Ty Trang (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun ? - evon sm Late Silurian ? - Early Devonian.

2. ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965 (Ty Chang: Permi Trias sm). 3. Ty Bc B (II.2); tnh Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (II.2); Sn La and Lai Chu provinces. 4. Dc ng t in Bin i o Ty Trang v theo ng mn ct ngang Pu Sung t bn Mc n bn Bng Along the road from in Bin town to Ty Trang pass, and along the tract crossing Pu Sung Mt. from Bn Mc to Bn Bng villages; x = 210 14', y = 1020 55'. 5. Phn di: a) phin st, bt kt, ct kt xen k ct kt nhiu khong, 400m; b) ch yu l phin st, phin silic, bt kt v nhng lp mng ct kt, kp gia c nhng lp phin cha pyrit, cng vi nhng lp mng vi st, 300m. Phn trn: c) ct kt dng quarzit v ct kt nhiu khong xen k vi cc lp mng bt kt v phin st, 250 350m; d) ct kt nhiu khong, bt kt v phin st xen k kiu nhp, khong 450m. Lower part: a) clay shale, siltstone, sandstone in intercalation with polymictic sandstone, 400m; b) clay shale, siliceous shale, siltstone and thin beds of sandstone, some interbeds of pyrite-bearing shale and clayish limestone, 300m. Upper part: c) quartzitic sandstone and polymictic sandstone, thin

interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 250 - 350m; d) rhythmic intercalation of polymictic sandstone, siltstone and clay shale, about 450m. 6. 1500 - 1700 m. 7. Strophomenida (b), Dacryoconarids (b). Ty bc o Ty Trang, ti b phi Nm Mc, trong lp bt kt tng ng vi tp (b) Northwest of Ty Trang pass, at the right bank of Nm Mc stream, in a band of siltstone corresponding to member (b): Erbenoceras cf. advolvens, Anetoceras sp., Nowakia cf. acuaria. 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, khng chnh hp (?) di trm tch Paleozoi thng Lower boundary not observed, unconformably underlying Upper Paleozoic formations. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Hui Nh: Nguyn Vn Honh, trong Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984 (ng ngha) (?) Tn ca h tng ny trc y vit nhm chnh t l Ty Chang, nay hiu nh li l Ty Trang Hui Nh Fm.: Nguyn Vn Honh, in Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984 (junior synonym) (?). The formation name was incorrectly spelled as Ty Chang, which is corrected here as Ty Trang.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thc B (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Hong Thi Sn v nnk 3. ng Bc B (I. 1); tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi v Lo Cai East Bc B (I. 1); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi and Lo Cai provinces. 4. Vng Thc B; x = 21o45, y = 105o02 Thc B area. 5. a) phin thch anh - hai mica xen phin mica, thu knh hoa v quarzit, 1100 m; b) quarzit, quarzit mica xen phin thch anh-mica, 330m. a) Quartz - two-mica schist interbedded with micaschist, marble lenses and quarzite, 1100 m; b) quarzite, mica quarzite interbedded with quartzmica schist, 30m. 6. >1400 m. 8. Cha r quan h di, chuyn tip ln hoa Ht. An Ph

Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the An Ph Fm. 9. Bin nng; bin cht tng phin lc v epiotamphibolit Shallow marine; greenschist and epidoteamphibolitic facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng di ca lot Sng Chy Being the lower formation of the Sng Chy Group.. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998 Thch Hn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Phm Vn Hi, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng bng Qung Tr v mt s vng nam o Ngang North Trung B (II.2), Qung Tr plain and some areas in the south of o Ngang pass. 4. L khoan 424 An Ph (Triu Phong, Qung Tr) pha nam sng Thch Hn, cch thnh c Qung Tr 10km v pha ng bc. Hole No424 at An Ph (Triu Phong District, Qung Tr Province) situeted in the south of Thch

Hn River, 10 km northeast of the Qung Tr old citadel. 5. a) Ct kt, 48m; b) ct kt b ri, 18,6m; c) ct ln st, 4,4m; d) st, 3m; e) st, ct, 13,8 m. a) Sandstone, 48m; b) sandstone feebly cemented, 18,6m; c) sand mixed with clay, 4,4m; d) clay, 3m; e) clay and sand, 13,8m. 6. 87.8 m. 7. Phc h BTPH vi 40,9% bo t, 11.5% Ht trn v 48.6% Ht kn Sporo - pollenic assemblage with 40.9% spores, 11.5% Pinophyta and 486% Magnoliophyta. 8. Cha r Unknown. 9. Tam gic chu Deltanic. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Thch Khon (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Trn Xun Ton, 1969. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Ph Th v Ho Bnh

West Bc B (I.3); Ph Th and Ho Bnh Provinces. 4. M felspat Thch Khon Thch Khon feldspar deposit; x = 2112, y = 10515. 5. a) phin hai mica c granat v isthen, thu knh amphibolit, >800 m; b) quarzit 20-50 m; c) phin hai mica, thu knh hoa, hoa tremolit, 1000 m; d) quarzit, 300 m; e) phin hai mica -granat-isthen-staurolit, quarzit, 400 m; f) quarzit mica, 600 m. a) Two-mica schist bearing garnet and disthene, lenses of amphibolite, >800 m; b) quartzite, 20-50 m; c) Two-mica schist, lenses of marble and tremolite marble, 1000m; d) quartzite, 300 m; e) two-mica - garnet-disthene-staurolite schist, interbeds of quartzite, 400 m; f) mica quartzite, 600 m. 6. > 3300 m 8. Cha r quan h di v trn Lower and upper boundaries unknown 9. Bin nng. Bin cht tng epiot - amphibolit Marine, shallow water. Epidote-amphibolite facies of metamorphism.

10. Phn v tng i c lp, ch phn b vng Thch Khon. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao (1981) xp vo Ht. Sinh Quyn. This formation is limitedly distributed in Thch Khon area. It was atributed to the Sinh Quyn Fm. by Trn c Lng and Nguyn Xun Bao (1981). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Thch Yn (Lot, Group) 1. Permi mun - Trias sm Late Permian - Early Triassic. 2. V Khc, Trnh Th, L Tu, 1972. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Cm Thu, Yn Duyt thuc Permi thng v Trm tch Ini, ip Vnh Lc thuc Trias h i Thanh Ho Including the Cm Thu, Yn Duyt Fms. of Late Permian age, and Induan Stage, Vnh Lc Suite of Early Triassic age in the Thanh Ho Structural Zone. 10. Khng hp thc, v s lin tc gia hai h Permi v Trias vng ny khng c xc nhn Invalid, because the continuity between the Permian and Triassic in the studied area has been regarded as uncertain.

11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Thi Bnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen mun Late Holocene. 2. Hong Ngc K, 1978 3. ng Bc B (I.1); ng bng Bc B East Bc B (I.1); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan LK14/204 ti x Khi Ngha, huyn Tin Lng, Hi Phng; x = 20o45, y = 106o33 Hole LK.14/204 at Khi Ngha Commune, Tin Lng District, Hi Phng City. 5. a) Bt, ct cha cc vn v Thn mm, 7.8m; b) bt st xm en, 7m; c) st, ct mu vng xen ct, bt mu nu g, 4.5m. a) Silt, sand bearing fragments of mollusc shells, 7,8m; b) black-gray clayish silt, 7m; c) yellow clay, sand intercalated with chocolate sand and silt, 4.5m. 6. 110.30 m. 7. Elphidium advenum (a), Ammonia beccarii (a), Spiroloculina luvida (a), Quinqueloculina seminulina (a).

9. Nhiu ngun gc: bin, sng-bin, gi-bin, binm ly v sng. Polygenic: marine, fluvio-marine, eolo-marine, marine-marshy and fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 12/1998 Thi Ninh (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi. Proterozoic. 2. Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1969. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Ph Th East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and Ph Th Provinces. 4. Trn ng Thi Ninh i H Lc, Tuyn Quang Ph Th On the road from Thi Ninh to H Lc; x = 21038, y = 105008. 5. phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit-granat, cc lp mng amphibolit Quartz-biotite-sillimanite-garnet schist, interbeds of amphibolite. 6. >1000 m.

8. Chnh hp trn ca Ht. Ty Cc, tip xc kin to vi cc h tng khc Conformably overlying the Ty Cc Fm., but tectonically contacting with other formations. 9. Lc nguyn. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng trn ca phc h Sng Hng Being the upper formation of the Sng Hng Complex. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Thi Thu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene 2. Hong Ngc K, 1978 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2), Bc B plain. 4. L khoan LK.20 Thi Thu (Thi Bnh), ti su 157,5 - 40,5m Hole Lk.20 Thi Thu (Thi Bnh Province), at the depth of 157.5 - 40.5m.

5. a) Si, ct thch anh, 3,4m; b) ct ln si, 13,7m; c) ct ln si v thu knh bt - st, 19,1m; d) bt, st xen thu knh st, 4,7m. a) Quartz granulte, sand, 3.4m; b) sand containing granule, 13.7m; c) sand mixed with granule and lenses of silty clay, 110.1m; d) silty clay with lenses of clay, 4.7m. 6. 40.9 m. 7. Phc h BTPH (Bo t: 39-47%, Ht trn: 0.5-1% v Ht kn: 53-61%), Ostracoda: Acrinocythereis exanthemata, Butonia sp, Echinocythereis bradyi, E. cf. aferaensis, Uroberis sp., Cytherella sp., Cytherelloidea latima. Sporo-pollenic assemblage (with 39-47% spores, 0.5-1% Pinophyta and 53-61% Magnoliophyta), Ostracoda; Acrinocythereis exanthemata, Butonia sp, Echinocythereis bradyi, E. cf. aferaensis, Uroberis sp., Cytherella sp., Cytherelloidea latima. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Vnh Bo (N2) Unconformably upon the Vnh Bo Fm. (N2) 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Hi Dng (mt phn) Golovenok V.K, L Vn Chu, 1967 (ng ngha); Tng H Ni: Hong Ngc K v nnk, 1973 (ng ngha); Tng Sm

Sn (vng Duyn Hi Bc B): Nguyn c Tm, 1976 (ng ngha). Hi Dng Fm. (part): Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chu, 1967 (synonym); H Ni Fm.: Hong Ngc K et al., 1973 (synonym); Sm Sn Fm. (in the coastal zone of Bc B): Nguyn c Tm, 1976 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Thanh Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun Late Devonian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1965 (Tng). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi (part.): Trn Tnh (trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986) Invalid. Synonym of Mc Bi Fm. (part.): Trn Tnh (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thn Sa (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri mun - ? Orovic sm Late Cambrian - ? Early Ordovician. 2. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964.

3. ng Bc B (I. 1); Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn v Cao Bng East Bc B (I. 1); Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn and Cao Bng provinces. 4. Theo sui Bn Chu, vng Thn Sa, Thi Nguyn. Hypostratotyp: theo ng t Bn Gic i Bng Ca, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng Along Bn Chu stream, Thn Sa area, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o48'; y = 105o55'. Hypostratotype: Along the road from Bn Gic village to Bng Ca village, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province. 5. a) phin st dng sc xen k lun phin vi bt kt cha vi mu vng lc i khi mu nu , tm , trn mt lp c nhiu vy mica trng v vt giun b (Planolites), 400m; b) phin st, ct bt kt mu xm lc nht xen cc lp mu nu , tm xen k u n cc lp vi st, ct kt thch anh cha cc vy nh muscovit, 800m; c) phin st phn lp mng xen k cc lp ct kt thch anh cha cc vy mica, 600m. a) Intercalation of stripped clay shale with yellowish-green, sometimes chocolate siltstone, with mica scales and worm trails (Planolites) on the bedding surface, 400m; b) clay shale, greenish-grey calcareous or chocolate, purple silty sandstone, intercalated regularly with clayish limestone,

muscovite-bearing greenish-grey calcareous quartz sandstone, 800m; c) thin-bedded clay shale, interbeds of mica-bearing quartz sandstone, 600m. 6. 700 - 1800 - 2200 m. 7. Lotagnostus sp. (a), Agnostus sp. (a), A. cf. hedini (a), Olenidae (a), Damesella sp. (b). Ti mt ct Bn Gic - Bng Ca, trong tp trn cng (dy 240 - 260m) -- At Bn Gic - Bng Ca section, in the uppermost beds (240 - 260m thick) (V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990): Lotagnostus ? sp., Charchaqia sp., Hedinaspis sp., H. regalis, Paraolenus ? bongsonensis, Haniwa sp. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht M ng (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990), khng chnh hp di trm tch evon h (lot Sng Cu) Conformably overlying the M ng Fm., and unconformably underlying Lower Devonian (Sng Cu Group) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thin Nhn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gi nh Supposedly Triassic.

2. Mareichev A. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965). 10. Cc phin silic ny hin c xp vo Ht. La Kh tui Carbon sm da vo Radiolaria mi pht hin c gn y These beds of cherty shale have been attributed at present to the La Kh Fm. of Lower Carboniferous on the basis of recently found Radiolarians. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Th Lm (Lot, Group) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. Bourret R., 1925 (Srie). 3. Nam Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam South North Trung B; Qung Nam province. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Bn C, Khe Rn v Hu Chnh Including Bn C, Khe Rn and Hu Chnh Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Thng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen trung Middle Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ip - Suite)

3. Ty Nam B (IV); trng Nam Cn Sn West Nam B (IV); Nam Cn Sn Depression. 4. L khoan Da-1X; b sung theo cc l khoan 12A-1X, 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X v Da 2X (trn thm lc a). Hole Da-1X; supplemented by data from holes No12-A-1X, 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X and Da 2X (on the continental shelf). 5. a) Ct kt, st kt; b) ct kt, st kt, bt kt, than la di. a) Sandstone, claystone; b) sandstone, claystone, siltstone, lignite. 6. 400-550 m. 7. Foraminifera: Globorotalia gaimardii, Gl. mayeri, Gl. fohsi, Globigerinoides trilobus, Orbulina universa, Ammonia, Elphidium, Amphistegina; Nannoplankton: Discoaster, Sporomorpha: Florschuetzia trilobata, Fl. semilobata, Fl. levipoli (a,b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Da (N11). Conformably upon Da Fm. (N11). 9. Bin nng Shallow-marine. 10. Ht. Mng Cu: L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ng ngha).

Mng Cu Fm.: L Vn C et al., 1985 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Th c (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene. 2. H Quang Hi v nnk, 1989 3. ng Nam B (III.2); Tp H Ch Minh, cc tnh Bnh Dng, Ty Ninh East Nam B (III.2); H Ch Minh City, Bnh Dng and Ty Ninh Provinces. 4. Vng Du Ting, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng Du Ting area, Bn Ct District, Bnh Dng Province; x = 1117, y = 10622. 5. a) Ct, cui, si nhiu thnh phn, c cui tectit mi trn, 4 m; b) ct, sn cha kaolin, 12m a) Polymictic sand, pebble, bearing rounded tektite fragments, 4m; b) sand, grit containing kaolin, 12 m. 6. 4-30 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to c hn v di Ht. C Chi (QIII) Unconformably lying upon older formations, and under C Chi Fm (QIII).

9. Sng Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Thu ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.22 th trn Thu ng, huyn Tn Thnh, tnh Long An; x = 1039, y = 10610 Hole LK.22 at Thu ng Small Town, Tn Thnh District, Long An Province. 5. a) Ct ln t si, cui, 52m; b) bt st gn kt chc, 12m. a) Sand mixed with a little pebble, 52m; b) well cemented clayey silt, 12m. 6. 25-70 m. 7. Pseudorotalia schroeteriana (a), Ps. equatoriana (a), Quinqueloculina sp. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pleistocen h v/hoc khng chnh hp di trm tch Pleistocen thng

Unconformably upon Lower Pleistocene sediments, and conformably/or not under Upper Pleistocene ones. 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Tin An (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Gia Lai. Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam, Qung Ngi and Gia Lai Provinces. 4. Vng Tin An, huyn Tin Phc, Qung Nam; x = 15o25, y = 108o12 Tin An area, Tin Phc District, Qung Nam Province. 5. phin biotit- hai mica - silimanit, phin mica - graphit xen lp mng hoc thu knh amphibolit, hoa

Biotite - two-mica - sillimanite schist, micagraphite schist, interbeds or lenses of amphibolite and marble. 6. 1000 m. 9. Bin; bin cht tng epiot-amphibolit Marine; epidote - amphibolite facies of regional metamorphissm. 10. H tng c phn ra vi tnh cht l h tng trn ca lot Khm c, nhng s phn chia ny cha c chp nhn rng ri. The Formation has been established as the upper part of the Khm c Group, but this subdivision has not been accepted widely yet. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1999 Tin Hng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chn (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh), 1975 (ip - Suite) 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng zone (I.2); Bc B plain. 4. L khoan 4 Tin Hng, Thi Bnh

Hole No4 at Tin Hng District, Thi Bnh Province; x = 2034, y = 10618. 5. a) H xen k ca ct kt glauconit, ct bt kt phn lp, ct kt, st kt v than, 600-1000m; b) ct bt kt, st kt, ct kt, 1050-1150m; c) ct kt, bt kt gn kt yu, st kt v than nu, 260-552m. a) Intercalation of glauconite sandstone, bedded silty sandstone, sandstone, claystone and coal, 6001000m; b) silty sandstone, claystone, sandstone, 1050-1150m; c) feebly cemented sandstone, siltstone, claystone and brown coal, 260-552m. 6. 2850-3200 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Trapa - Acrostichum Oleandra v Thn mm bin nng (a) vt in l ca phc h Quercus cf. lobbii - Diospyros brachysepala; phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng (b), vt in l ca phc h Typha latissima Phragmites oeningensis; phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng (c). imprints of leaves of Trapa-AcrostichumOleandra assemblage and shallow - marine molluscs (a); imprints of leaves of Quercus cf. lobbii - Diopyros brachysepala assemblage; abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage (b); inprints of leaves of Typha latissima - Phragmites oeningensis assemblage; abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage (c).

8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Ph C (N12) Conformably Ph C Fm. (N12). 9. Lc a Continental 10. Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977) (khng hp thc) Miocene: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (invalid) 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1998 Tin Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen trung Middle Miocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ip - Suite) 3. Ty Nam B (IV); trng Cu Long; gn C Lao Dung v c Sng Hu; x = 9o41, y = 106o16 West Nam B (IV); Cu Long basin, near C Lao Dung and the estuary of Hu River 4. L khoan Cu Long I, gn C Lao Dung v ca sng Hu; x = 9o41, y = 106o16 Hole Cu Long I, near C Lao Dung and the estuary of Hu River. 5. a) St kt; b) ct kt, bt kt, st kt, thu knh than nu

a) Claystone; b) sandstone, siltstone, claystone, lenses of brown coal. 6. 800 - 85 m. 7. Trng l Rotaliidae (a); phc h BTPH Florschuetzia levipoli (b) Foraminifers of Rotaliidae (a); sporo-pollenic assemblage of Florschuetzia levipoli (b) 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Bch H (N11) Unconformably overlying the Bch H Fm. (N11) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Tiu Giao (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip-Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1), huyn Honh B, Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1), Honh B District, Qung Ninh Province. 4. Vng Tiu Giao - Ging y Tiu Giao - Ging y area; x = 2059, y = 10658.

5. a) Bt kt, ct kt, 20m; b) xen k ca cui kt, sn kt, ct kt, 100-180m. a) Siltstone, sandstone, 20m; b) intercalation of conglomerate, gritstone and sandstone, 100-180m. 6. 100-200 m. 7. Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis (a), cc phc h sinh thi - tui thc vt: Quercus cf. neriifolia Acer trilobatum - Zelkova zelkovifolia, Phragmites oeningensis - Typha latissima, Fagus cf. stuxbergii - Phoebe pseudolanceolata (b). Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis (a), chronoecological vegetative assemblages: Quercus cf. neriifolia - Acer trilobatum - Zelkova zelkovifolia, Phragmites oeningensis - Typha latissima, Fagus cf. stuxbergii - Phoebe pseudolanceolata (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Ho (N13) Conformably upon the ng Ho Fm. (N13) 9. Lc a Continental. 10. H Neogen (mt phn), ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965 (khng hp l); ip Rinh Cha: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (ng ngha); ip ng Ho (mt phn): Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1969 (ng ngha); ip ng Ho (mt phn): Hong Ngc K v nnk. 1979 (ng ngha); Ht. Rinh Cha: Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C

Tin v nnk. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk, 1989) (ng ngha) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Rinh Cha Suite: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (synonym); ng Ho Suite (part.): Phm Vn Quang et al. 1969 (synonym); ng Ho Suite (part.): Hong Ngc K et al. 1979 (synonym); Rinh Cha Fm: Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al., 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998 Tng B (Lot, Group) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. T Hong Tinh 1970. 5. Gm cc Ht. (ip) Bn Kn, Bn Mo, Tam Sn, Sng Thn Composed of Bn Kn, Bn Mo, Tam Sn and Sng Thn Fms. (Suites). 10. Lot Tng B v cc h tng (ip) thnh phn m t khng ng quy cch, nn sau c xp vo cc Ht. Khao Lc, Pia Phng v Bn Thng

The Tng B Group and its formations (suites) were incorrectly described, and then attributed to Khao Lc, Pia Phng and Bn Thng Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tc Tt (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen - ? Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian, Famennian - ? Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Phm nh Long 1975. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng, H Giang East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng and H Giang provinces. 4. T Bn Ngn theo ng t qua khu m Tc Tt v pha nh cao 100, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng. Hypostratotyp: Bng Ca - bn Kha Khoang, H Lang From Bn Ngn village along the track crossing Tc Tt Mine to the height 100, Trng khnh district, Cao Bng province; x = 22o49'; y = 106o23'. Hypostratotype: from Bng Ca village to Kha Khoang village, H Lang district, Cao Bng province. 5. a) vi dng di phn lp rt mng, c mu sc sc s: tm , nu , xm lc, xen nhiu lp

phin st silic c vi v vi st, 30 - 50m; b) vi dng di xen cc lp vi st hoc st vi c silic, 80m; c) vi xen k tha tht cc lp mng vi st, 80m; d) di cng l va qung mangan dy 0,1 - 1,70m, chuyn ln vi hi b ti kt tinh, 70m. a) Variegated, red-violet, chocolate, green-grey, very thin-bedded and stripped limestone, interbeds of calcaro-siliceous shale and clayish limestone, 30-50m; b) stripped limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone and cherty marl, 80m; c) limestone, sparse interbeds of clayish limestone, 80m; d) manganese ore-bearing beds of 0.10 - 1.70m in thickness, grading upward to weakly crystallized limestone, 70m. 6. 160 - 290 m. 7. Palmatolepis glabra pectinata (a), P. quadrantinodosa (a), P. minuta minuta (a, c), P. minuta schleizia (a, c, d), Archaesphaera sp. (c), Bisphaera sp. (c), Archaesphaera ex gr. minima (c), A. ex gr. grandis (c), Quasiendothyra ex gr. communis (c), Palmatolepis glabra glabra (c), P. gracilis gracilis (c, d), P. perlobata perlobata (c, d), Ligonodina monodentata (c, d), Polygnathus styriacus (c, d), P. granulosus (c, d), Diplododella aurita (c, d), Hindeodella subtilis (c, d), Icriodus alternatus (c, d), Spathognathodus trigosus (c, d).

 mt ct Bng Ca, trong vi mu xm en nm st ngay di va qung mangan (tng ng tp c) -- At Bng Ca section, in the dark grey limestone underlying manganese ore seam (corresponging to c): Plicatifera aff. nigerina, Donella aff. minima, Camarotoechia aff. baitalensis, Overtonia sp., Cyrtospirifer sp., Barroisella sp... 8. Chnh hp trn Ht H Lang (D2 gv hl) v di Ht Lng Nm (C1 ln) Conformably overlying the H Lang Fm. and underlying the Lng Nm Fm. (C1 ln) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Srie M P Ln: Deprat J. 1915 (ng ngha); vi vn (sc di): Bourret R. 1922 (tn li thi) Srie of Ma-pi-leun Srie: Deprat J 1915 (synonym); "Calcaires griottes": Bourret R. 1922 (old term). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tr C (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen Oligocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985.

3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV), Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan Cu Long I, gn C Lao Dung v ca sng Hu; x= 941, y = 10616 Hole Cu Long I, near C Lao Dung and estuary of Hu River. 5. Cui kt a khong chuyn ln ct kt xen ct bt kt, bt kt v st kt Polymictic conglomerate grading upward to sandstone intercalated with silty sandstone, siltstone and claystone. 6. 250 m. 7. Phc h BTPH Florchuetzia semilobata - Fl. trilobata. Cc dng gp phong ph: Fl. semilobata, Fl. trilobata, Verrucatosporites usmensis, Cyatheacidites sp., Disporites sp., Pinus sp., Sequoiapollenites sp., Trudopollis sp., Rettitricolporites sp., Subtriaporopollenites sp., Taxodium sp., v.v.., vng mt: Bombacidites sp. v Diplosporites sp. Sporo-pollenic assemblage of Florschuetzia semilobata - Fl. trilobata. Abundant taxa: Fl. semilobata, Fl. trilobata, Verrucatosporites usmensis, Cyatheacidites sp., Disporites sp., Pinus sp., Sequoiapollenites sp., Trudopollis sp., Rettitricolporites sp., Subtriaporopollenites sp.,

Taxodium sp., etc., absent: Bombacidites sp. and Diplosporites sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. C Lao Dung tui Eocen Unconformably upon the Eocene C Lao Dung Fm.. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. ip Tr Tn: L Vn C v nnk 1985 (ng ngha) Tr Tn Suite: L Vn C et al. 1985 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1999 Tr Tn (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen mun Late Oligocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Tr C (Oligocen) do khng khc bit v a tng v c sinh Attributed at present to the Tr C Fm. (Oligocene) by the undifferentiated stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999

 Tri Su (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Trng Knh (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Hi Dng, Hi Phng v Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Hi Dng, Hi Phng and Qung Ninh provinces. 4. T Hong Thch qua ni Han n b sng Kinh Thy, vng Kinh Mn, Hi Dng From Hong Thch townlet crossing Han Mt. to the Kinh Thy river, Kinh Mn district, Hi Dng province; x = 21o01'; y = 106o35' 40. 5. a) phin st vi, vi hu c dng trng c, ti kt tinh, 70 - 80m; b) vi trng c, cha di tch hu c, 50m; c) phin silic xen vi, 70 -

150m; d) vi st, cu to trng c cha di tch hu c xen k cc lp mng phin st, 30 - 40m; e) vi ht mn, i khi b olomit ha, cha nhiu di tch hu c, cu to trng c, 200m a) Marlaceous shale, recrystallized, oolite-like organic limestone, 70 - 80m; b) oolite-like limestone bearing abundant fossils, 50m; c) cherty shale, some interbeds of limestone, 70 - 150m; d) oolitic, clayish limestone, thin interbeds of clay shale, 30 - 40m; e) oolitic, locally dolomitized, pelitomorphic limestone bearing organic matter, 200m. 6. 420 - 490 m. 7. Stringocephalus burtini (a), Amphipora ramosa (a, d-e). Trong phn trn ca h tng, tng ng vi tp (d) v (e) -- From upper part of the formation, corresponding to (d) and (e), following fossils were also gathered (Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986): Amphipora angusta, A. cf. laxeperforata, Stachyodes insignis, Stromatopora concentrica, Thamnopora nicholsoni, T. polygonalis, T. polytrematiformis, Trachypora dubatolovi, Alveolites admirabilis, Crassialveolites crassus, C. macrotrematus, Caliapora battersbyi, C. robusta, Scoliopora denticulata, Coenites fascicularis, C. simplex, Syringopora eifelensesis, Heliolites porosus, Chaetetes (Litophyllum) inflatus, Pachytheca sp., Stringophyllum (Sociophyllum) sp..

8. Chnh hp trn Ht Dng ng (D1-2 dd) v di Ht Con Voi (D3-C1 cv) Conformably overlying the Dng ng Fm. (D1-2 dd), conformably underlying the Con Voi Fm. (D3 C1 cv). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Trng Knh c coi l mt h tng thnh phn ca lot Bn Pp. ip (Ht.) L Sn: Phm Vn Quang 1971 (ng ngha) The Trng Knh Fm. has been treated as a component of the Bn Pp Group. Junior synonym: L Sn Suite (Fm.): Phm Vn Quang 1971. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Trng Bom (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. H Quang Hi v nnk., 1989 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai Province. 4. T Trng Bom qua Long Thnh n Thi Thin

From Trng Bom through Long Thnh to Thi Thin. 5. a) Ct ht th, st kaolin trng, thu knh cui si thch anh, 2,5m; b) ct, bt, st kaolin, 1m; c) ct, 0,5m a) Coarse sand, white kaolin, lenses of quartz gravel, 2,5m; b) sand, silt, kaolin clay, 1m; c) sand, 0,5m 6. 4 m. 7. c) Ammonia japonica, Asterorotalia pulchella, Trochammina sp., Cyathea sp., Gleichenia sp., Osmunda sp., Acrostichum sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Jura v di bazan Xun Lc (QII) Unconformably lying upon Jurassic sediments and under Xun Lc Basalt (QII) 9. Sng - bin Fluvio - marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Trm tch mu - Red Beds 1. Mesozoi Mesozoic. 2. Lantenois H., 1907 (Terrains rouges).

10. Khng hp thc. Hin nay trm tch mu di c m t l Ht. Mu Sn, cn trm tch mu trn c m t l cc h tng mu lc a Jura Creta phn b rng ri cc min khc nhau trn lnh th Vit Nam Invalid. Lower Red Beds have been described at present as Mu Sn Fm., whilst Upper Red Beds - as different Jurassic - Cretaceous red continental formations largely distributed in many regions on the territory of Vit Nam. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Tr An ( phin, Shale) 1. Jura sm Early Jurassic. 2. Mansuy, 1914 (Schiste de Trian). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. c Krng Synonym of c Krng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Trung Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Phm Vn Quang 1973.

10. Khng hp thc. Xem cc Ht. Nm Pa v Bn Ngun Invalid. See Nm Pa and Bn Ngun Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 T L (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta Cretaceous. 2. Phm c Lng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977). 10. ng ngha vi Ht. Ngi Thia Synonym of Ngi Thia Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 T L (Lot, Group) 1. Jura - Creta Jurassic - Cretaceous. 2. Bi Ph M (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk, 1989). 5. Bao gm 2 h tng: Vn Chn v Ngi Thia Including 2 formations, namely: Vn Chn and Ngi Thia.

10. Khng hp thc v dng li mt tn gi ng ngha (ch ng vi Ht. Ngi Thia) b loi b Invalid by reusing an eliminated synonym (corresponding to only the Ngi Thia Fm.). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 T Loan (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Quang Trung v nnk., 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North of Trung B; Qung Bnh Province. 4. L khoan LK.6 T Loan, Qung Trch, Qung Bnh; x = 1746, y = 10625 Hole LK.6 at T Loan, Qung Trch District, Qung Bnh. 5. a) Bt ct, st, b) laterit, 0.5-1m a) Sandy silt, clay; b) laterite, 0.5-1m. 6. 12-13 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. L Ninh (QI-II) v khng chnh hp di trm tch Holocen Conformably upon L Ninh Fm (QI-II) and unconformably under Holocene formations. 9. Sng-l

Fluvio-proluvial 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Tc Trng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1991. 10. c coi l cc lp xen k trong cc Ht. Kon Tum (N2) v Di Linh (N) do v tr a tng v c im thch ho ca cc bazan Considered as interbeds of the Kon Tum (N2) and Di Linh (N) Fms. based on their stratigraphic position and petrochemical characteristic of basalts. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Tuy Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Trn Tnh, V Vn Vnh, 1997. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); ng bng Ph Yn Central Trung B (III.1); Ph Yn Plain.

4. L khoan TH.2 thn ng Tc, x Ph Lm, huyn Tuy Ho, tnh Ph Yn; x = 1304, y = 10920 Hole No. TH.2 at ng Tc village, Ph Lm Commune, Tuy Ho District, Ph Yn Province. 5. a) Si cui, ct sn, xen st bt, 4.3m; b) st bt xm, xen ct trng mn, 12.2m; c) st xm en, st than cha vn thc vt, v sinh vt, 9m; d) st xm xanh, 4m. a) Pebble, granule, sand intercalated with silty clay, 4.3m; b) gray silty clay intercalated with white fine sand, 12.2m; c) dark-gray clay, coaly clay bearing fragments of plant and shell, 9m; d) green-gray clay, 4m. 6. 29,5 m. 7. c) Nonion grateloupi, Rotalia japonica, Elphidium craticulatum, E. jenseni, Gyroidina nipponica, Rotalia tochisiensis, R. ozawai, Bolivina striatula, Bucella frigida, Quinqueloculina seminula. 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998

 Tuyn Quang (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen sm Early Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1979 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi v Ph Th Sng Hng (I.2); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi and Ph Th Provinces. 4. B phi Sng L th x Tuyn Quang. B sung Thanh Ba, V n (Ph Th) v th x Yn Bi Right bank of L River in Tuyn Quang Town; x = 2149, y = 10512. Supplementary sections at Thanh Ba, V n areas (Ph Th Province) and Yn Bi Town. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh ht nh, bt kt, 20-50m (di Sng Hng) n 30-200m (di Sng L - Sng Chy); b) bt kt, st v mt vi lp sn kt, 2580m (di Sng L - Sng Chy) n 100-150m (di Sng Hng) a) Fine quartz sandstone, siltstone, 20-50m (Sng Hng band) to 30-200m (Sng L - Sng Chy band); b) siltstone, clay shale and some beds of gritstone, 25-80m (Sng L - Sng Chy band) to 100-150m (Sng Hng band). 6. 300-320 m.

7. Vt in l thuc cc phc h Quercus bonnieri Carpinus subcordata ( Tuyn Quang v Lc Yn Ph Rng), Q. bonnieri - Phoebe pseudolanceolata ( Phan Lng v Yn Bi), Q. cf. gilva - Q. lantenoisi ( Ph Th), cng vi Viviparus cf. quadratus, Tulotoma sp. (a); vt in l thuc phc h Arundo protospeciosa ( Yn Bi), Carpinus subcordata ( Sng L), v Machilus cf. nathorsti Phoebe pseudolanceota ( Sng Hng). Imprints of leaves from the Quercus bonnieri Carpinus subcordata assemblage (at Tuyn Quang and Lc Yn - Ph Rng), Q. bonnieri - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblage (at Phan Lng, Yn Bi), Q. cf. gilva - Q. lantenoisi assemblage (at Ph Th); Viviparus cf. quadratus, Tulotoma (a); Imprints of leaves of Arundo protospeciosa assemblage (at Yn Bi), GlyptostrobusMetasequoia assemblage (at Ph Th), Carpinus subcordata assemblage (at Sng L), Machilus cf. nathorsti - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblage (at Sng Hng). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Phan Lng (N13) v C Phc (N13) Conformably upon the Phan Lng and C Phc Fms. (N13). 9. Lc a Continental.

10. Tng Phan Lng (mt phn): Phm nh Long v nnk. 1975 (ng ngha); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977 (khng hp thc); Ht. Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh trong Phan C Tin v nnk., 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk., 1989) (ng ngha) Phan Lng Fm. (part.): Phm nh Long et al. 1975; Miocene (part.): Trn nh Nhn in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977 (invalid); Na Dng Fm. (part.): Trinh Dzanh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999

U.
Ung B (Tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori Late Triassic, Norian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp, 1967. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Hn Gai Synonym of Hn Gai Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

V.
Vn Linh (Srie) 1. evon sm, Praga Early Devonian, Pragian. 2. Giraud J. 1918 (Srie de schiste et calcaire de Van Linh) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mia L Invalid; synonym of Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Vn Yn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Carni Late Triassic, Carnian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 10. Cc phun tro mafic ny hin nay c xp vo Ht. Vin Nam These mafic effusives have been attributed at present to the Vin Nam Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

 Vn Chn (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous; K/Ar : 79 - 108 Ma. 2. Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi v Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Lo Cai, Yn Bi and Sn La. 4. Vng Ngi Quyn - Ngi Thia, huyn Vn Chn Ngi Quyn - Ngi Thia area, Vn Chn District; x = 2135, y = 10428. 5. a) Si kt, cui kt, 100 m; b) phin st, bt kt tuf, 100 m; c) phin st nu, lp kp ct kt, 700 m; d) phin tuf, 150 m; e) ct kt tuf, 70 m; f) phin tuf, 80 m; g) ct kt v bt kt tuf, 170 m; h) vi, vi st, 10-100 m; i) tuf ryolit, ct kt tuf, 130 m; k) st than, phin tuf, ct kt tuf, tuf ryolit, 170 m; l) orthophyr thch anh, i ch xen lp kp hay thu knh comenit v ribeckit, 850 m; m) phin v bt kt tuf, 400 m; n) ct kt tuf, thu knh ryolit porphyr, 300 m; o) vi, 150 m a) Gravelstone, conglomerate, 100 m; b) clay shale, tuffaceous siltstone, 100 m; c) brown clay shale, interbeds of sandstone, 700 m; d) tuffaceous shale, 150 m; e) tuffaceous sandstone, 70 m; f) tuffaceous shale, 80 m; g) tuffaceous sandstone and

siltstone, 170 m; h) limestone, clayey limestone, 10100 m; i) rhyolitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, 130 m; k) coaly shale, tuffaceous shale and sandstone, rhyolitic tuff, 170 m; l) quartz orthophyre, locally with interbeds or lenses of comendite and riebeckite, 850 m; m) tuffaceous shale and siltstone, 400 m; n) tuffaceous sandstone, lenses of porphyritic rhyolite, 300 m; o) limestone, 150 m. 6. 3180 - 3270 m. 7. Pterophyllum sp. (f), Taeniopteris aff. T. jourdyi (f), Coniopteris sp. (k), Nilssonia sp. (k); Pterophyllum cf. brevipenne (k), Taeniopteris cf. jourdyi (k), Cladophlebis sp. (k). 8. Khng chnh hp trn nhiu h tng c hn, b ph khng chnh hp bi Ht. Ngi Thia tui Creta Unconformably covering different older formations, unconformably covered by Cretaceous Ngi Thia Fm. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 10. Srie S Phn (mt phn): Dussault L. 1921 (ng ngha). Ht. Bn Ht: Nguyn Vnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk, 1977) (ng ngha); Ht. Nm Qua: Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970 (ng ngha). S Phn Srie (part.): Dussault L. 1921 (synonym); Bn Ht Fm.: Nguyn Vnh (in Phan

C Tin et al. 1977) (synonym); Nm Qua Fm.: Nguyn Xun Bao 1970) (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Vn Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. T Hong Tinh v Phm nh Long, 1966. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Thi Nguyn v Bc Giang East Bc B (I.1); Thi Nguyn and Bc Giang provinces. 4. Vng m than Vn Lng Vn Lng coal mine area; x = 2143; y = 10532. 5. a) Cui kt c s, 20-80m; b) vi xm en, lp kp ct kt vi, 100m; c) st vi, st than, bt kt than, cc va than m, 200m; d) vi, st vi, ct kt vi, 200m; e) ct bt kt vi, st than, thu knh than, 100m a) Basal conglomerate, 20-80m; b) black-grey limestone, interbeds of calcareous sandstone, 100m; c) marl, coaly shale, coaly siltstone, fat coal seams, 200m; d) limestone, marl, calcareous sandstone, 200 m; e) calcareous silty sandstone, coaly shale, coal lenses, 100 m.

6. 300 - 680 m. 7. b) Unionites damdunensis, U. convexa, Gervillia inflata, c) Bakevellia cf. magnissima, Songdaella cf. graciosa, Gervillia angelini, e) Clathropteris meniscioides, Dictyophyllum acutilobum, Cycadocarpidium erdmani, Lonchopteris cf. princeps, Pterophyllum portali. 8. Ph khng chnh hp trn nhiu h tng c hn, nm khng chnh hp di Ht. H Ci tui Jura Unconformably covering older formations, unconformably underlying Jurassic H Ci Fm. 9. lc a Subcontinental. 10. Ht. cha than Ret: Giraud 1918 (khng hp thc); Ht. H Ci (phn di): Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (ng ngha); ip An Chu: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (ng ngha) Rhaetian coal-bearing fm.: Giraud 1918 (invalid); H Ci Fm. (lower part.): Zhamoida & Phm Vn Quang (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (synonym); An Chu Suite: Phm Vn Quang 1973 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Vn Yn (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen gia

Middle Miocene. 2. Trnh Dnh (trong Dng Xun Ho v nnk.), 1980 (ip - Suite). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Yn Bi v Ph Th Sng Hng (I.2); Yn Bi and Ph Th Provinces. 4. Dc ng 13A t Vn Yn i Vn Chn Along the road No13A from Vn Yn to Vn Chn; x = 2311, y = 10423. 5. Trm tch dng molas: cui tng kt, cui kt, cc thu knh ct kt ht va v ln Molassoid sediments: boulderstone, conglomerate, lenses of medium- and coarse-grained sandstone. 6. 300-320 m. 7. Prunus sp., Equisetum sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi evon Unconformably upon Devonian limestones. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. cui kt: Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1973 (khng hp thc); Miocen (mt phn): Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (khng hp thc); h tng Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk., 1989) (ng ngha)

Conglomerate Fm. : Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1973 (invalid); Miocene (part.): Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (invalid); Na Dng Fm. (part.): Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al., 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 1/1999 Vin Nam (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm, Ini Early Triassic, Induan. 2. Phan C Tin, 1977. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Yn Bi, Ho Bnh v H Ty. West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Yn Bi, Ha Bnh & Ph Th Provinces. 4. Trn ng t ni Vin Nam n lng C ng; x = 2055; y = 10526 Along the earth road from the Vin Nam Mt to the C ng village. 5. a) Bazan, bazan porphyr, plagiobazan, 400m; b) bazan hnh nhn, bazan porphyr, 400-450m; c) trachyt, trachyt porphyr, ryotrachyt, ryolit porphyr, 150-200m; d) tuf agglomerat, tuf felsit, 80-100m

a) Basalt, porphyritic basalt, plagiobasalt, 400m; b) amygdaloidal basalt, porphyritic basalt, 400450m; c) trachyte, porphyritic trachyte, rhyotrachyte, porphyritic rhyolite, 150-200m; d) tuffaceous agglomerate, felsitic tuff, 80-100m. 6. 1000 - 1150 m. 8. Ph khng chnh hp ln cc h tng Permi thng, nm chnh hp di Ht. Tn Lc tui Olenek Unconformably covering upper Permian formations, conformably underlying Olenekian Tn Lc Fm. 9. Lc a, lc a Continental, subcontinental. 10. Cc thnh to ngun ni la gi nh tui Creta: ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp l); h tng Cm Thy (mt phn): inh Minh Mng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk 1989) (ng ngha). L h tng di ca lot Sn La Supposedly Cretaceous volcanogenic formations: Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid); Cm Thy Formation (part.): inh Minh Mng (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al 1989) (synonym). Being the lower formation of the Sn La Group.

11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Vnh Bo (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chn (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh), 1975 (ip - Suite). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng zone (I.2); Bc B plain. 4. L khoan 3, cch th trn Vnh Bo (Hi Phng) 2km; x = 2040, y = 10638. Hole No3, 2km from Vnh Bo Townlet (Hi Phng City). 5. Xen k ca cc trm tch lc a v trm tch bin: ct kt, bt kt, st kt vi ct kt chim u th phn gia Intercalation of continental and marine sediments: sandstone, siltstone and claystone with the predominance of sandstone in the middle part. 6. 120-350 m. 7. Trng l thuc phc h Asterorotalia Pseudorotalia phn di, Thn mm bin ven b Acila ex gr. divaricata, Nucula (Zinonucula) aff. mitralis, Ostrea sp., Siphonalia sp., Brotia aff.

variabilis cng mt phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng phn trn Foraminifers of the Asterorotalia-Pseudorotalia assemblage in the lower part, marine littoral molluscs (Acila ex gr. divaricata, Nucula (Zinonucula) aff. mitralis, Ostrea sp., Pecten sp., Siphonalia sp., Brotia aff. variabilis), abundant and diversiform sporo-pollenic assemblage in the upper part. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Tin Hng (N13) Conformably overlying the Tin Hng Fm. (N13). 9. Tam gic chu Deltaic 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1998 Vnh iu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh v nnk 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV), Kin Giang Province. 4. L khoan 3 (410.5 - 65m), x Vnh iu, huyn H Tin, tnh Kin Giang. B sung theo cc LK 1, 2, 9, 9627, 828 v LKVL3; x = 10o30, y = 104o42

Hole No3 (410.5 - 65 m), Vnh iu commune, H Tin District, Kin Giang Province, Supplementary sections from holes No.1, 2, 9, 9627, 828 and VL3. 5. a) Ct kt, bt kt, 9m; b) st kt, bt kt, 6.5m a) Sandstone, siltstone, 9m; b) claystone, siltstone, 6.5m. 6. 12 - 33.8 m. 7. Phc h BTPH phong ph vi 60% thc vt ngp mn (a); phc h BTPH phong ph vi 15-36% thc vt ngp mn, v ho thch Thn mm : Corbicula aff. largillieri, To silic: Centrophyceae. Abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage with 69% mangrove forms (a); abudant sporo-pollenic assemblage with 15-36% mangrove forms, Molluscs: Corbicula aff. largillieri, Diatoms: Centrophyceae. 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Vnh Lc (ip, Suite) 1. Trias sm, Olenec

Early Triassic, Olenekian. 2. V Khc, Trnh Th v L Tu, 1972. 10. ng ngha ca h tng ng Giao Synonym of ng Giao Formation. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Vnh Phc (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene. 2. Hong Ngc K, 1976. 3. ng Bc B v Sng Hng (I.1; I.2); ng bng Bc B. East Bc B and Sng Hng zone (I.1 & I.2); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.10/204, ti th trn Kim Anh, Vnh Phc Hole No. LK10/204 at Kim Anh Townlet, Vnh Phc Province; x=21o13, y=105o45.. 5. a) St bt mu xm ln dm, sn thch anh, 3m; b) bt st xm pht hng cha di tch thc vt, 1.2m; c) ct ht nh xen st phn lp xin, 6m; d) bt st, 8m; e) bt, st b laterit ho mu loang l, 3m. a) Grey silty clay mixed with quartz breccia and grit, 3m; b) pinkish-gray clayish silt bearing plant

remains, 1.2m; c) small-grained sand, interbeds of cross-bedded clay, 6m; d) silt, clay, 8m; e) lateritized variegated silt and clay, 3m. 6. 21,2 m. 7. Ammonia annectens (b), Elphidium hispidulum (b), Quinqueloculina sp. (b,e), Ammonia beccarii (b,e), Cibicides sp. (e), Elphidium sp. (e). 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin, lc a, sng Marine, subcontinental, fluvial. 10. Lc u Ht. Vnh Phc c coi l thnh to trong mt chu k trm tch bin. Cc nghin cu sau ny cho thy h tng c thnh to vo nhiu giai on khc nhau ng vi cc ngun gc khc nhau, t cc thnh to sng, sng-bin n bin. Firstly the Vnh Phc Fm. was regarded as sediments formed during a cycle of marine deposition. Later studies have been showing that it was formed in different periods with different origins, from fluvial, fluvio-marine to marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 1/1999 V X (Tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Carni

Late Triassic, Carnian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp, 1967. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mu Sn Synonym of Mu Sn Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

X.
Xa Lam C (H tng, Formation) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1993. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai, Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 4. Dc thung lng sng Ba, gn lng Xa Lam C Along the Ba River valley, near Xa Lam C Village; x = 13051, y = 108o30.

5. a) phin plagioclas-biotit-pyroxen, lp mng gneis, plagiogneis hai pyroxen, >500 m; b) phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit-granat-corierit, >500 m a) Plagioclase-biotite-pyroxene schist, interbeds of two-pyroxene plagiogneiss and gneiss, >500 m; b) quartz-biotite-sillimanite-garnet-cordierite schist, >500 m. 6. > 1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Kon Cot v chuyn tip ln Ht. k L Conformably overlying the Kon Cot Fm. and underlying the k L Fm. 9. Bin. Bin cht tng granulit Marine. Granulite facies of metamorphism. 10. L mt h tng ca phc h Kan Nack Being a formation of the Kan Nack Complex. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Xa Lon (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun Late Jurassic. 2. Trng Cng ng. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh An Giang West Nam B (IV); An Giang Province.

4. Ni Xa Lon, vng By Ni, huyn Tri Tn Xa Lon Mt, By Ni area, Tri Tn District; x = 1023, y = 10456. 5. a) Cui kt, 100m; b) tuf anesit, 150 m; c) anesit, anesitobazan, t felsit v ryolit, 700 m a) Conglomerate, 100 m; b) andesitic tuff, 150 m; c) andesite, andesitobasalt, a little felsite and rhyolite, 700 m. 6. 950 m. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 X Bng Hing (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, Nguyn nh Hng, Nguyn c Khoa 1985. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr province. 4. B tri sng X Bng Hing, on chy qua bn C Bai, huyn Hng Ha Right bank of X Bng Hing river, the section running through C Bai village, Hng Ha

district, Qung Tr province; x = 16o53'; y = 106o32'. 5. a) vi xm sng phn di, 100 - 200m; b) vi xm en phn lp dy xen cc lp st vi mng, 50m; c) vi mu xm en phn lp dy, ti kt tinh, 100m. a) Light-grey, stripped limestone, 100 - 200m; b) thick-bedded dark-grey limestone, thin marl interbeds, 50m; c) thick- bedded dark-grey, recrystallized limestone, 100m. 6. 200 - 350 m. 7. Yunnanellina hansburyi (a), Y. aff. triplicata (a), Uralinella sp. (a, b), Parathurammina sp. (b), Bisphaera sp. (b), Septaglomospiranella aff. S. rauserae (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Tn Lm (D2 gv-D3 tl) ranh gii trn khng quan st c Conformably overlying the Tn Lm Fm. (D2 gv D3 tl), upper boundary not observed. 9. Bin Marine. 10. H tng gia thuc lot M c: Nguyn Hu Hng v nnk. 1995 Middle formation of the M c Group: Nguyn Hu Hng et al. 1995.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Xm Con Giu (Srie) 1. evon gia - mun Middle - Late Devonian. 2. Fromaget J. 1927 (Srie de Xom Con Giau). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi (part.): Trn Tnh 1979 Invalid. Synonym of Mc Bi Fm. (part.): Trn Tnh 1979 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Xm Nha (H tng, Formation ) 1. evon mun, Frasni - Famen Late Devonian, Frasnian - Famennian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Mt ct Xm Nha, Quy t, Qung Bnh Section through Xm Nha Mt., Quy t area, Qung Bnh province; x = 17o48'; y = 105o57'.

5. a) vi xm sng, 70m; b) vi xm en, 10m; c) vi xm sng, pha trn phn lp mng, 120m. a) Light-grey limestone, 70m; b) dark-grey limestone, 10m; c) light-grey, thin- bedded limestone in the upper part, 120m. 6. 200 m. 7. a) Stachyodes costulata, S. angulata, S. paralelloporoides, Scoliopora aff. denticulata, Alveolites sp., Thamnopora sp., b) Polygnathus cf. procerus, P. cf. brevilamina, Palmatolepis triangularis, Icriodus alternatus, Hindeodella brevis, H. subtilis, Diplododella sp., Ligonodina sp., c) Palmatolepis glabra glabra, P. glabra elongata, P. distorta, P. minuta, P. quadrantinodosa, Polygnathus sp., H. cf. brevis, Nothognathella sp., Acodina sp., Ozarkodina sp., 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Mc Bi v di Ht Cao Qung Conformably overlying the Mc Bi Fm. and underlying the Cao Qung Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Xun i (Lot, Group) 1. Paleoproterozoi

Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Ho Bnh, Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Ha Bnh, Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Sui Ching v Sinh Quyn Including Sui Ching and Sinh Quyn Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Xun Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Eocen Eocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 10. Hin c xp vo HT. Ph Tin (Eocen: Trnh Dnh 1985) v Ht. Tin Hng (Miocen thng: Trnh Dnh 1985) Attributed at present to Ph Tin Fm. (Eocene: Trnh Dnh 1985) and Tin Hng Fm. (Upper Miocene: Trnh Dnh 1985). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Xun Lc (H tng, Formation)

1. Pleistocen gia Middle Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn c Thng v nnk., 1999. 3. ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh ng Nai, Lm ng, Bnh Thun East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai, Lm ng and Bnh Thun Provinces. 4. Gn th trn Xun Lc, ng Nai Near Xun Lc Townlet, ng Nai Province; x = 1055, y = 10715. 5. a) Bazan olivin c xt c xen bazan l hng, 35m; b) bazan olerit, bazan olivin xen tuf, 45-50m; c) bazan olivin, bazan olivin kim, kim, 51m a) Dense olivine basalt intercalated with porous basalt, 35m; b) dolerite basalt, olivine basalt, interbeds of tuff, 45-50m; c) olivine basalt, alkaline, subalkaline olivine basalt, 51m. 6. 100-150 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Di Linh hoc trc Kainozoi, v di thm sng Pleistocen trungthng Unconformably upon Di Linh Fm. or PreCenozoic sediments, and under Middle-Upper Pleistocene river terrace. 9. Ni la

Volcanic. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Xun Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun Late Silurian. 2. Hong Ngc K, H Trng T 1978 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Kin An Junior synonym of the Kin An Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

Y.
Yn Bnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang. East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. Vng Yn Bnh Yn Bnh area; x = 2225, y = 10438.

5. a) Cui kt c s, sn kt, ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 70m; b) bt kt, 40m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt v cui kt, 230m a) Basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 70m; b) siltstone, 40m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and conglomerate, 230m. 6. 230 - 340 m. 7. Acrochordiceras cf. fischeri (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn c Unconformably covering old rocks. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Cc thng Trias trung-thng: Vaxilevxkaia (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp thc); ip Sng Hin: Trnh Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (ng ngha) Middle-Upper Triassic Series: Vasilevskaya (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid); Sng Hin Suite: Trnh Th (in Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977) (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Yn Chu (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun

Late Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. ng ni t Pa H i Pu Sam Cp Earth road from Pa H to Pu Sam Cp; x = 2103 , y = 10418. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt thch anh, 100-200 m; b) cui kt, ct kt, bt kt, st kt xm, 100-120 m; c) cui kt, ct kt, st kt nu , 150-180 m; d) ct kt, bt kt, st kt nu , thch cao, 160-190 m; e) st kt, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, t cui kt, 150-200 m; f) cui kt vi, 200-400 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, quartz sandstone, 100200 m; b) conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, grey claystone, 100-120 m; c) conglomerate, sandstone, chocolate claystone, 150-180 m; d) sandstone, siltstone, chocolate claystone, gypsum, 160-190 m; e) claystone, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone and some conglomerate, 150-200 m; f) calcareous conglomerate with limestone pebbles, 200-400 m. 6. 850 - 1300 m. 7. Unio sp. aff. U. grabaui (b); Ulmus sp. (b,c); Zelkova sp. (b), Arundo sp.(b), Gyraulus sp. (b),

Arundo sp. (c), Betula cf. cuspidens (c), Laurus cf. similis (c). 8. Ph khng chnh hp cc trm tch Paleozoi v Trias, nm khng chnh hp di Ht. Pu Tra tui Paleogen Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic and Triassic sediments, unconformably under Palegene Pu Tra Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. Inosinias thng: Fromaget 1934 (khng hp l); Ct kt thng: Jacob v Dussault 1924 (khng hp l); Trm tch mu Creta: ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp l) Upper Indosinias: Fromaget 1934 (invalid); Upper Sandstone: Jacob & Dussault 1924 (invalid); Cretaceous Red Beds: Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Yn Duyt (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Phan C Tin 1977.

3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha, Ha Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Thanh Ha, Ha Bnh provinces. 4. Dc ng t t Xm Bi (Thin Linh) n nng trng Phc Do (cch m Yn Duyt v pha ng nam khong 4km) v qua l khoan 2 thm d than m Yn Duyt, Thanh Ha Along the road from Xm Bi village to Phc Do farm (about 4km southeast of Yn Duyt Mine), x = 200 09', y = 1050 33'; it is supplemented by the drilling material from the borholes N.2 at Yn Duyt Mine, Thanh Ha province. 5. a) phin st, phin silic, 16m, phn di gp mt va mng qung st sialic, phn trn c va than antracit dy t 2 - 3 n vi chc cm, c ni dy 2 - 3m; b) phin silic, phin vi, 20m; c) vi silic, 20m; d) phin vi xen k phin st, 10m. a) Clay shale, cherty shale, thin ferrosialite seam in the lower part and anthracite seams of 2 - 3cm to some tens centimetres, in the upper part, 16m; b) cherty shale, calcareous shale, 20m; c) cherty limestone, 20m; d) calcareous shale, interbeds of clay shale, 10m. 6. 70 - 100 m.

7. a) Chonetipustula, Productus, Chonetes, Dielasma, Aviculopecten, Oldhamina, Andersonoceras, Pseudotirolites, Gigantopteris, Pterophyllum, b) Leptodus ex gr. nobilis, Schellwienella, Neophricodothyris asiatica, Squamularia, c) Colaniella, Frondicularia, Nankinella. 8. Chnh hp trn HT Cm Thu (P2) v khng chnh hp di cc Ht Vin Nam v C Ni (T1) Conformably lying upon Cm Thu Fm. (P2), unconformably under Vin Nam and C Ni Fms (T1) 9. lc a cha than Coal-bearing subcontinental 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Yn Khnh (Tng, Formation) 1. Carbon gia Middle Carboniferous. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mi (= Bc Sn) (mt phn) Invalid. Synonym of Mi (= Bc Sn) Fm. (part.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 12/1998 Yn Lc (H lp, Unifying Beds) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Bourret R. 1922: (Schistes de Yn Lac); Tng Dzuy Thanh 1965 (H lp Yn Lc -- Yn Lc Unifying Beds). 10. Xem Ht. Mia L Invalid. See Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Yn M (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene. 2. Trn Tnh v nnk, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Ngh An v H Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. L khoan LK.110 Linh Cm, Yn M, H Tnh Hole LK.110 at Linh Cm, Yn M district, H Tnh; x = 1832, y = 10510. 5. a) Si, sn, ct; b) st bt laterit ho loang l

a) Granule, grit, sand; b) lateritized variegated silty clay. 6. 5-30 m. 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin, sng-bin Marine, fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng 12. 10/1998 Yn T (ip, Suite) 1. Trias mun, Carni-Nori Late Triassic, Carnian-Norian. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1969 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Hn Gai; tuy mt ct vng ni Yn T gm nhiu trm tch ht mn hn, nhng tnh cha than phn gia mt ct v ho thch thc vt thu thp m than Vng Danh gip xp nh trn. Synonym of Hn Gai Fm.; although the section distributed in the Yn T mountainous area is composed of finer sediments, but the coal-bearing character of its middle part, and the flora fossils collected in the Vng Danh coal mine allow to refer it to the Hn Gai Fm.

11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Yunnanellina (H lp, Beds) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian. 2. Tng Dzuy Thanh v nnk. 1986. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. X Bng Hing Syonym of X Bng Hing Fm.: Nguyn Hu Hng et al. 1985. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 CHNG III. KIN TO TECTONICS Ankroet (Phc h, Complex) Ankroet - nh Qun (Phc h, Complex) Ba T (Phc h, Complex) Ba V (Phc h, Complex) B N (Phc h, Complex) Bch Sa (Phc h, Complex) Chu Lai - Ba T (Phc h, Complex) C Mng (Phc h, Complex) Din Bnh (Phc h, Complex) i Lc (Phc h, Complex) o C Ni Cha (Phc h, Complex) Ni ing (Phc h, Complex) Ni Ngc (Phc h, Complex) Ni Na (Phc h, Complex) Phan Rang

 Bn Ching (Phc h, Complex) Bn Mung (Phc h, Complex) Bn Ngm (Phc h, Complex) Bn Xang (Phc h, Complex) Bn Xang - Ni Na (Phc h, Complex) Bn Xang - Phia Bioc (Lot, Series) Bo H (Phc h, Complex) Bo H - Ca Vnh (Lot, Series) Bn Ging (Phc h, Complex) Bn Ging - Qu Sn (Phc h, Complex) B Xinh (Phc h, Complex) B Khng (Phc h, Complex) Ca Vnh (Phc h, Complex) Ca Vnh (Orthoamphibolit, Plagiograneiss) Ca Vnh (Plagiogranitognei s, Orthoamphibolite)

(Phc h, Complex) o My (Phc h, Complex) in Bin (Phc h, Complex) in Bin Ph (Lot, Series) ing Bng (Phc h, Complex) nh Qun (Phc h, Complex) Granitoi ni la i km phun tro Trias (Triassic subvolcanic granitoid) Hi Vn (Phc h, Complex) Hip c (Phc h, Complex) Hn Khoai (Phc h, Complex) Kim Bi (Phc h, Complex)

(Phc h, Complex) Phanxipan (Lot, Series) Phia Bioc (Phc h, Complex) Phia Ma (Phc h, Complex) Phu Sa Phn (Phc h, Complex) Ph M (Phc h, Complex) Phc Thin (Phc h, Complex) Pia Oc (Phc h, Complex) Plei Man Ko (Phc h, Complex) Plei Weik (Phc h, Complex) Po Sen (Phc h, Complex) Pu Sam Cp (Phc h, Complex)

 C N (Phc h, Complex) Cao Bng (Phc h, Complex) Cha Val (Phc h, Complex) Cheo Reo (Phc h, Complex) Ching Khng (Phc h, Complex) Ch n (Phc h, Complex) Chu Lai (Phc h, Complex)

Kon Kbang (Phc h, Complex) Loa Sn (Phc h, Complex) Mng Xim (Phc h, Complex) M Pe (Phc h, Complex) M Cang Chi (Phc h, Complex) Mng Hum (Phc h, Complex) Mng Hum - Phia Ma (Phc h, Complex) Mng Lt (Phc h, Complex) Nm Bt (Phc h, Complex) Nm Chin (Phc h, Complex) Nm Kh (Phc h, Complex) Nm Nin (Phc h, Complex)

Qu Sn (Phc h, Complex) Sng Ba (Phc h, Complex) Sng Chy (Phc h, Complex) Sng Chu Bn Ching (Phc h, Complex) Sng M (Phc h, Complex) Sng Re (Phc h, Complex) T Vi (Phc h, Complex) Ty Ninh (Phc h, Complex) Tr Bng (Phc h, Complex) Tri Nng (Phc h, Complex) Trng Sn (Phc h, Complex) Tu M Rng (Phc

 Nm Xe - h, Tam ng Complex) (Phc h, Vn Canh Complex) (Phc h, Ngn Sn Complex) (Phc h, Vt Thu Lu Complex) (Phc h, Complex). Xm Giu (Phc h, Complex) Y Yn Sun (Phc h, Complex)

A.
Ankroet (Phc h, Complex) 1. Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi sm Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic. 2. Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, Phan Thin v nnk. 1979. 8. Hin xp vo phc h C N Attributed at present to C N complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998.

 Ankroet - nh Qun (Phc h, Complex) 1. Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi sm Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic. 2. Izokh E.P., ovjikov A.E., 1981. 8. c tch ra thnh hai phc h C N v nh Qun Subdivided into two C N and nh Qun Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998

B.
Ba T (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi Paleozoic. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981

8. Hin xp vo phc h Chu Lai Attributed at present to Chu Lai Complex 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. Ba V (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi mun Late Paleozoic. 2. Phan Vit K, 1977. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh H Ty West Bc B (I.3); H Ty Province 4. Ni Ba V, H Ty; x = 20058'; y = 105031' Ba V Mt, H Ty Province. 5. Werlit, periotit, gabroperiotit, gabrolivin, gabronorit, granophyr Wehrlite, peridotite, gabbroperidotite, olivine gabbro, gabbronorite, granophyre. SiO2 = 39.3841.06; Na2O+K2O = 0.14-0.36; TiO2 = 0.45-0.54; Al2O3 = 5.16-5.58; MgO = 27.6-28.8(%). 8. Phc h xm nhp ni la i cng phun tro bazan Permi mun Subvolcanic intrusive complex accompanying Permian basalt. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1997.

 B N (Phc h, Complex) 1. Mesozoi mun Late Mesozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Quyn, Nguyn c Thng v nnk. 1982. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Huyn Hin, Qung Nam; x = 16000'; y = 108000'. Hin District, Qung Nam Province. 5. Pha 1: granit biotit, granit hai mica ht va-ln sng mu giu thch anh; pha 2: granit hai mica, granit alaskit ht nh sng mu giu thch anh. Phase 1: biotite granite, leucocratic medium- to coarse-grained quartz-rich two-mica granite; phase 2: two-mica granite, fine-grained leucocratic quartz-rich alaskite granite; SiO2 = 66.84-75.7%; Na2O+K2O = 5.52-10.8%. 6. Xuyn qua Ht. A Vng Penetrating sedimentary rocks of A Vng Fm. 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 8. Phc h Bn Ching (mt phn): Hunh Trung (trong o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995) Bn Ching Complex (part.): Hunh Trung (in o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995).

9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. Bch Sa (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. Trn Ton, Trn Xuyn, 1987 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1); H Giang Province. 4. Vnh Tuy, H Giang; x = 22o18; y = 104o53 Vnh Tuy District, H Giang Province. 5. Gabro amphibon, gabro-iabas, tonalitplagiogranit Amphibole gabbro, gabbro-diabase, tonaliteplagiogranite. 6. Xuyn chnh hp vo cc trm tch-ni la Ht. H Giang (2) Conformably penetrating volcano-sedimentary rocks of Middle Cambrian H Giang Fm. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 12/1999. Bn Ching (Phc h, Complex) 1. Creta mun-Paleogen

Late Cretaceous - Paleogene; K/Ar : 26.4 - 48.3 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Vn , 1975 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An Province. 4. Qu Phong, Ngh An; x = 19040'; y = 104045' Qu Phong District, Ngh An Province. 5. Pha 1: granosyenit, syenit, granoiorit, granit felspat kim; pha 2: granit felspat kim dng porphyr; pha mch: aplit, pegmatit, turmalin Phase 1: granosyenite, syenite, granodiorite, alkaline feldspar granite; phase 2: porphyritic alkaline feldspar granite; dyke phase: aplite, tourmaline-bearing pegmatite. SiO2 = 59.6475.56%; Na2O+K2O = 7.17-9.3%. 6. Xuyn ct cc trm tch v ni la Ht. ng Tru (T2) Penetrating sedimentary and volcanic rocks of ng Tru Fm. 8. Lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk.), 1965 (ng ngha): Phc h Sng Chu- Bn Ching: Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A,E v nnk. 1965; Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1977 (ng ngha).

Phanxipan series (part.): Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov et al.), 1965 (synonym): Sng Chu - Bn Ching Complex: Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al.), 1965; Trn Vn Tr et al., 1977 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998 Bn Mung (Phc h, Complex) 1. Jura - Creta Jurassic - Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Vn Hng (trong L Duy Bch, ng Trn Qun) 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Thanh Ho North Trung B (II.2); Thanh Ho Province 4. Thng Xun, Thanh Ho; x = 190 53' ; y = 1050 15' Thng Xun District, Thanh Ho Province. 5. Pha 1: granit dng porphyr, granit granophyr cha amphibol; pha mch: aplit, pegmatit Phase 1: porphyroid granite, amphibole-bearing granophyric granite; dyke phase: aplite, pegmatite. 6. B granit phc h Bn Ching xuyn ct Penetrated by granitoids of Bn Ching Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998.

 Bn Ngm (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm. Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian 2. L nh Hu (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1977 8. Hin xp vo phc h Xm Giu Attributed at present to Xm Giu Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998 Bn Xang (Phc h, Complex) 1. Permi mun - Trias mun Late Permian - Late Triassic. 2. Nguyn Vn Chin (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.), 1977 8. Hin xp vo phc h Ni Cha Invalid; attributed at present to Ni Cha Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Bn Xang - Ni Na (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic. 2. Izokh E.P., Nguyn Vn Chin (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk), 1965

8. Hin c tch ra thnh hai phc h Ni Na v Ni Cha Subdivided at present into Ni Na and Ni Cha Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998. Bn Xang - Phia Bioc (Lot, Series) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E.v nnk.), 1965. 8. Hin chia ra thnh cc phc h Ni Cha v Phia Bioc Subdivided at present into Ni Cha and Phia Bioc Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Bo H (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic; K/Ar : 2070 - 2300 Ma.. 2. Izokh E. P. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk.), 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.2); tnh Lo Cai West Bc B (I.2); Lo Cai Province. 4. Ngha L, Yn Bi; x = 21030'; y = 104042'

Ngha L District, Yn Bi Province. 5. Gabro-amphibolit Gabbroamphibolite; SiO2 = 45.62 - 54.58%; Na2O+K2O = 1.13 -3.56%. 6. Nm trong bin cht tui Paleoproterozoi Distributed in the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic formation. 8. Lot Bo H - Ca Vnh (mt phn): Izokh E. (trong ovjikov v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha); Orthoamphibolit Ca Vnh: L nh Hu, 1977 (ng ngha) Bo H - Ca Vnh Series (part.): Izokh E. (in Dovzhikov A. et al.) 1965 (synonym); Ca Vnh Orthoamphibolite: L nh Hu, 1977 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1997. Bo H - Ca Vnh (Lot, Series) 1. Tin Cambri mun Late Pre-Cambrian. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965 8. c tch ra thnh cc phc h Bo H v Ca Vnh Subdivided at present into Bo H and Ca Vnh Complexes.

8. o nh Thc. 9. 5/1997. Bn Ging (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi Paleozoic. 2. Hunh Trung, Phan Thin v nnk., 1979. 8. Hin xp vo phc h Bn Ging - Qu Sn Attributed at present to Bn Ging - Qu Sn Complex. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 7/1998. Bn Ging - Qu Sn (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi mun Late Paleozoic; K/Ar : 363 and 246 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P., ovjikov A.E., 1981. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2) trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Nam, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha ThinHu, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Gia Lai, Ph Yn North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Huyn Ging, Qung Nam, x = 150 40'; y = 1070 45' Ging District, Qung Nam Province.

5. Pha 1: gabroiorit, iorit, iorit thch anh-biotithorblen; pha 2: granoiorit horblen biotit, granoiorit horblen dng porphyr; pha 3: granit horblen-biotit, grnoiorit dng porphyr; pha 3: granit horblen-biotit; pha mch: spesartit, iorit porphyr. SiO2 = 52-74%; Na2O + K2O = 3,5-8,4 %. Phase 1: gabbrodiorite, diorite, quartz -biotitehornblende diorite; phase 2: horblende-biotite granodiorite, porphyritic hornblende granodiorite; phase 3: hornblende-biotite granite; dyke phase: spessartite, porphyritic diorite 6. Xuyn ct trm tch Ht. A Vng (-O1) v Long i (O-S) v b ph bi Ht. Nng Sn (T3) Penetrating the A Vng (-O1) and Long i Fms. (O-S) and covered by Nng Sn Fm. (T3) 7. Granit kiu I I - granite type. 8. Phc h Bn Ging: Hunh Trung, Phan Thin v nnk. 1979 (ng ngha); Phc h Qu Sn: Hunh Trung, Phan Thin v nnk,1979 (ng ngha) Bn Ging Complex: Hunh Trung, Phan Thin et al. 1979 (synonym); Qu Sn Complex: Hunh Trung, Phan Thin et al. 1979 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998.

 B Xinh (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic 2. o nh Thc (trong Phan Sn v nnk), 1978 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Sn La Province. 4. Huyn Sng M, Sn La; x = 210 2'; y = 1030 48' Sng M District, Sn La Province. 5. Gabro amphibol, gabroiabas amphibol Amphibole gabbro, amphibole gabbrodiabase; SiO2 = 48.68 - 55.06%; Na2O+K2O = 3.12 4.71%; TiO2 = 1.1-1.72%; CaO = 6-10.2%; MgO = 2.4-4.8%. 8. Thuc xm nhp ni la lin quan vi phun tro metabazan tholeit trong h tng Sng M This subvolcanic complex is related to Sng M tholeiitic metabasalt formation. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1997. B Khng (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi Paleozoic. 2. L nh Hu v nnk, 1966

8. Hin xp vo phc h i Lc Attributed at present to i Lc Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998.

C.
Ca Vnh (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleoproterozoi sm Early Paleoproterozoic; K/Ar : 2070 - 2300 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov v nnk), 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi Province. 4. Ngha L, Yn Bi; x = 210 20'; y = 1040 50' Ngha L District, Yn Bi Province. 5. Migmatit, granitoi, plagiogranit Migmatite, granitoid, plagiogranite; SiO2 = 64.74 - 79.36%; Na2O+K2O = 4.11 - 9.52% 7. Siu bin cht Ultrametamorphic origin 8. Plagiogranitogneis Ca Vnh: L nh Hu, 1977 (ng ngha)

Ca Vnh Plagiogranitogneiss: L nh Hu, 1977 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. Ca Vnh (Orthoamphibolit, Plagiograneiss) 1. Trc Mesoproterozoi Pre-Mesoproterozoic. 2. L nh Hu (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1977 8. Hin xp vo phc h Bo H Attributed at present to Bo H Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998. Ca Vnh (Plagiogranitogneis, Orthoamphibolite) 1. Trc Mesoproterozoi Pre-Mesoproterozoic. 2. L nh Hu (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1977. 8. Hin xp vo phc h Ca Vnh Attributed at present to Ca Vnh Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998.

 C N (Phc h, Complex) 1. Creta mun; K/Ar : 95; 100; 110 Ma. Late Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn c Thng, 1984. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng Province. 4. C N, Ninh Thun; x = 11022'; y = 108045' C N District, Ninh Thun Province. 5. Pha 1: granit alaskit, granit biotit c muscovit ht va-ln i khi c kin trc porphyr; pha 2: granit biotit-muscovit, granit hai mica ht nh sng mu; pha mch: granit porphyr, granit pegmatit Phase 1: alaskite granite, medium- to coarsegrained, locally porphyritic two-mica granite; phase 2: two-mica granite, fine-grained leucogranite; dyke phase: porphyritic granite, pegmatite granite; SiO2 = 72.54- 74.44%; Na2O+K2O = 7.19 - 9.15%. 6. Xuyn ct Ht. La Ng (J2), n Dng (K2) Penetrating the La Ng (J2) and n Dng (K2) Fms. 7. Granit kiu S

S-granite type. 8. Phc h Ankroet: Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, Phan Thin v nnk, 1979 (ng ngha); phc h Ankroet- nh Qun (mt phn): Izokh E.P., ovjikov A.E., 1981 (ng ngha) Ankroet Complex: Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, Phan Thin et al., 1979 (synonym); Ankroet- nh Qun Complex (part.): Izokh E.P., Dovzhikov A.E., 1981 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/19978. Cao Bng (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi mun Late Paleozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Chin (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng Province 4. Nguyn Bnh, Cao Bng; x = 220 40'; y = 1060 16' Nguyn Bnh District, Cao Bng Province. 5. Werlit, lerzolit, gabronorit, gabro olivin, gabroiabas, congaiabas, granophyr, granit amphibol

Wehrlite, lherzolite, gabbronorite, olivine gabbro, gabbrodiabase, congadiabase, granophyre, amphibole gabbro; SiO2 = 41.05-68.08%; Na2O+K2O = 0.42-6.77%; TiO2 = 0,43-1,74%. 6. Xuyn ct vi Ht. Bc Sn (= Mi) (C-P1) Penetrating limestone of the Bc Sn Fm. (= Mi) (C-P1) 8. Phc h Cao Bng: Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk.), 1965 (xp vo Creta); o nh Thc, Hunh Trung v nnk 1995 (xp vo Paleozoi mun) Cao Bng Complex: Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A. et al), 1965 (Cretaceous); o nh Thc, Hunh Trung et al. 1995 (Late Paleozoic). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Cha Val (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic. 2. Nguyn Vn Quyn, Nguyn Vn Trang, 1996. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Tha Thin -Hu Middle Trung B (III.1), Tha Thin -Hu Province 4. Ph Lc, Tha Thin -Hu; x = 150 43'; y = 107050' Ph Lc District, Tha Thin -Hu Province.

5. Gabro, gabropyroxenit ht ln-va sm mu. Gabbro, melanocratic coarse- to medium-grained gabbropyroxenite; SiO2 = 41.54-51.0%; Na2O+K2O = 0.97-5.98%; TiO2 >1.0. 6. B trm tch cha than Nng Sn ph Covered by Nng Sn coal-bearing sediments (T3). 8. Phc h Ni Cha (vg Tha Thin -Hu): Izokh E.P. Dovjikov A.E., 1981 (ng ngha) Ni Cha complex (Tha Thin -Hu area): Izokh E.P., Dovzhikov A.E., 1981 (synonym) 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. Cheo Reo (Phc h, Complex) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic 2. Trn Tnh, 1997. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Gia Lai Middle Trung B (III.1); Gia Lai province 4. o Cheo Reo, Gia Lai; x = 130 20', y = 1080 25' Cheo Reo Pass, Gia Lai Province. 5. Horblenit, pyroxenit. Hornblendite, pyroxenite; SiO2 = 41-50%; Na2O+K2O = 3.6-4% 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin.

10. 5/1998. Ching Khng (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic 2. o nh Thc, 1974 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Sn La province 4. Sng M, Sn La; x = 200 57'; y = 1030 57' Sng M District, Sn La Province. 5. Plagiogranit, granit Plagiogranite, granite; SiO2 = 69.12-72.62%; Na2O+K2O = 3.77-6.04%; Na2O>> K2O. 6. Xuyn chnh hp vo phin lc Ht. Sng M (2) Penetrating Conformably, the greenschist of Sng M Fm. (2) 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Ch n (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen. Paleogene; K/Ar : 30 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk), 1965 3. ng Bc B (I); tnh Bc Cn

East Bc B (I); Bc Cn Province 4. Ch n, Bc Cn; x = 220 04'; y = 1040 53' Ch n District, Bc Cn province. 5. Pha 1: granit, granosyenit porphyr; pha 2: granit biotit ht nh-va, granit sng mu; pha mch: pegmatit, aplit, mch thch anh-felspat-turmalin Phase 1: granite, porphyritic granosyenite; phase 2: fine- to medium-grained biotite granite, leucocratic granite; dyke phase: pegmatite, aplite, quartz-feldspar-tourmaline veins; SiO2 = 50.4864.56%; Na2O+K2O = 7.75-15.17%; Al2O3 = 15.6 - 19.63%. 6. Xuyn ct trm tch evon v granitoi phc h Phia Bioc Penetrating Devonian Sediments and granitds of the Phia Bioc Complex 8. Lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E. P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.) 1965 (ng ngha) Phanxipan Series (part.): Izokh E.P., (in Dovzhikov A. E. et al) 1965 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Chu Lai (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi mun Neoproterozoic.

2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn c Thng v nnk, 1979. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Nam Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam Province. 4. Ni Thnh, Qung Nam; x = 150 17'; y = 1080 30' Ni Thnh District, Qung Nam Province. 5. Granitogneis, granit migmatit, granit biotitgranat, granit hai mica dng gneis, pegmatit, aplit. Granitogneiss, migmatite granite, garnet-biotite granite, two-mica gneissogranite, pegmatite, aplite; SiO2 = 59-78%; Na2O+K2O = 4.26-8.94%. 6. Xuyn ct Ht. Khm c (PR2) v b Ht. A Vng (-O1) ph Penatring the Khm c (PR2) and covered by the A Vng Fm. (-O1). 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 8. Phc h Chu Lai - Ba T: Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., 1979 (ng ngha); phc h Ba T: Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981 (ng ngha); o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995 (tng ng mt phn) Chu Lai - Ba T Complex: Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao et al. 1979 (synonym); Ba T Complex: Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981 (synonym);

o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995 (part., synonym). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. Chu Lai - Ba T (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic. 2. Hunh Trung, 1995. 8. Hin c xp vo phc h Chu Lai Attributed at present to Chu Lai Complex. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. C Mng (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen Paleogene; K/Ar : 43 and Rb/Sr : 66 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung v nnk, 1978, 1979. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Ph Yn. Middle Trung B (III.1); Ph Yn Province 4. o C Mng, huyn Sng Cu, Ph Yn; x = 120 45'; y = 1090 05' C Mng pass, Sng Cu District, Ph Yn Province. 5. Th tng iabas, gabroiabas

Diabase, gabbrodiabase dykes; SiO2 = 49-52; Na2O + K2O = 2,57-3,68; TiO2 = 0.37-1,22%. 6. Xuyn ct granitoi phc h C N Penetrating the C N granitoid Complex 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998.

d.
Din Bnh (Phc h, Complex) 1. Silur Silurian; K/Ar : 384 17; 418 12 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981 (Silur mun - evon sm). 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Kon Tum Province. 4. Sa Thy, Kon Tum; x = 140 15'; y = 107043' Sa Thy District, Kon Tum Province. 5. Pha 1: iorit, iorit thch anh ; pha 2: granoiorit biotit-horblen, tonalit.

Phase 1: diorite, quartz diorite; phase 2: biotitehornblende granodiorite, tonalite; SiO2 = 64-75%; Na2O+K2O = 5.5-8.8% 7. Granit kiu I I-granite type. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998

.
i Lc (Phc h, Complex) 1. St trc evon sm Pre-Devonian; K/Ar : 310 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn c Thng v nnk, 1979. 3.Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Qung Nam Middle Trung B (III.1), Qung Nam province. 4. Huyn Hin, Qung Nam; x = 15054'; y = 107054' Hin District, Qung Nam Province. 5. Pha 1: granit hai mica dng porphyr ht va, dng gneis tng ven ra, granit biotit sm mu c muscovit dng porphyr ht ln, dng gneis tng trung tm; pha 2: granit hai mica ht nh-va dng

gneis; pha 3: granit pegmatit c vy mica ln, granit aplit. Phase 1: medium-grained porphyritic two-mica gneissogranite of marginal facies, melanocratic coarse-to medium-grained two-mica gneissogranite of central facies; phase 2: fine- to medium-grained two-mica gneissogranite; phase 3: granite, pegmatite bearing big mica scale, aplite granite. SiO2 = 69.96 - 73.42%; Na2O+K2O = 5.18-8.90% 6. Xuyn ct trm tch Ht. A Vng (-O1) v b trm tch evon ph Penetrating the A Vng Fm. (-O1) and covered by Devonian sediments 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 8. Phc h B Khng: L nh Hu, 1966; Nguyn Xun Tng v Trn Vn Tr, 1977 (ng ngha) B Khng Complex: L nh Hu, 1966; Nguyn Xun Tng and Trn Vn Tr, 1977 (synonym) 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. o C (Phc h, Complex) 1. Creta Cretaceous; K/Ar : 127; Rb/Sr : 82, 83, 87.

2. Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi v nnk., 1980 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Ph Yn, Bnh nh, Gia Lai, Lm ng, Bnh Thun. South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Ph Yn, Bnh nh, Gia Lai, Lm ng and Bnh Thun Provinces. 4. o C, gia Ph Yn v Khnh Ho; x = 12050'; y = 1090 15' C pass, situated between Ph Yn and Khnh Ho Provinces. 5. Pha 1: granoiorit biotit; pha 2: granit, granosyenit biotit (horblen) ht va-ln; pha 3: granit biotit ht nh; mch: granit aplit, pegmatit Phase 1: biotite granodiorite; phase 2: medium- to coarse-grained granite, biotite (hornblende) granosyenite; phase 3: fine-grained biotite granite; dyke phase: aplite granite, pegmatite; SiO2 = 77.06-76.54%; Na2O+K2O = 5.80-9.64%. 6. Xuyn ct ni la Ht. Nha Trang (K) Penetrating the volcanic rocks of Nha Trang Fm. (K). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. o My (Phc h, Complex)

1. Creta-Paleogen Cretaceous-Paleogene. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk.), 1965 8. Hin xp vo phc h Mng Hum Attributed at present to Mng Hum Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. in Bin (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi mun Late Paleozoic; K/Ar : 252-266 Ma. 2. o nh Thc (trong Phan Sn v nnk), 1978. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lai Chu, Sn La West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu Province. 4. in Bin, Lai Chu; x = 210 15'; y = 1030 22' in Bin District, Lai Chu Province. 5. Pha 1: gabroiorit, iorit; pha 2: iorit thch anh, granoiorit; pha 3: granit; pha mch: granit ht nh, spesartit, iorit porphyr. Phase 1: gabbrodiorite, diorite; phase 2: quartz diorite, granodiorite; phase 3: granite; dyke phase: fine-grained granite, spessartite, porphyritic diorite. SiO2 = 48.75-76.85%; Na2O+K2O = 3.549.41%

6. Xuyn ct Ht. Sng (C3-P1) v b ph bi Ht cha than Sui Bng (T3) Penetrating the Sng Fm. (C3-P1) and covered by the Coal-bearing Sui Bng Fm. (T3) 7. Granit kiu I I-granite type. 8. Lot in Bin Ph: Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha) in Bin Ph series: Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al), 1965 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. in Bin Ph (Lot, Series) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic 2. Izokh E.P (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 8. Hin xp vo phc h in Bin, mt phn vo phc h Po Sen Attributed at present to in Bin Complex, a part to Po Sen Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. ing Bng (Phc h, Complex)

1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang, 1977. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Ngi Bc Trung B (II.2); Qung Ngi Province. 4. Tr Bng, Qung Ngi; x = 150 06'; y = 1080 34' Tr Bng District, Qung Ngi Province. 5. Plagiogranit, tonalit, granoiorit biotit c horblen Plagiogranite, tonalite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. nh Qun (Phc h, Complex) 1. Jura mun Late Jurassic; K/Ar : 140 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, Phan Thin v nnk., 1979. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh ng Nai, Lm ng, Gia Lai, k Lk, Ninh Thun South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai Province. 4. Th trn nh Qun, Tn Ph, ng Nai; x = 110 10'; y = 1070 22'

nh Qun Townlet, Tn Ph District, ng Nai Province. 5. Pha 1: iorit, iorit thch anh, gabroiorit i ch cha pyroxen; pha 2: granit biotit-horblen ht va, tonalit biotit-horblen; pha 3: granit biotit -horblen ht nh n va; pha mch: spesartit Phase 1: diorite, quartz diorite, gabbrodiorite locally bearing pyroxene; phase 2: mediumgrained biotite-hornblende granodiorite, biotitehornblende tonalite; phase 3: fine-grained biotitehornblende granite; dyke phase: spessartite. 6. Xuyn ct v gy bin cht tip xc cc Ht. La Ng (J2) v o Bo Lc (J3) Penetrating and causing contact metamorphism for La Ng (J2) and o Bo Lc (J3) Fms. 7. Granit kiu I I- granite type. 8. Phc h Ankroet- nh Qun (mt phn): Izokh E.P., ovjikov A.E., 1981 v Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, 1995 (ng ngha) Ankroet- nh Qun Complex (part.): Izokh E.P., ovzhikov A.E., 1981 and Hunh Trung, Ng Vn Khi, 1995 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998.

g.
Granitoi ni la i km phun tro Trias (Triassic subvolcanic granitoid) 1. Permi mun-Trias mun. Late Permian- Late Triassic. 2. Nguyn Xun Tng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1977). 8. Hin xp vo phc h Ni ing Attributed at present to Ni ing Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998.

h.
Hi Vn (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias mun. Late Triasic; K/Ar : 138-223 Ma.; Rb/Sr : 250 Ma.

2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1981 3. Bc Trung B (II.2), tnh Qung Nam, Tha Thin-Hu. North Trung B (II.2), Qung Nam and Tha Thin - Hu provinces. 4. Vng o Hi Vn, ty bc Nng 16 km; x = 16013'; y = 108002' Hi Vn pass area, 16 km northwest of Nng City. 5. Pha 1: granit biotit, granit hai mica; pha 2: granit biotit; pha mch: granit aplit, pegmatit c turmalin v granat. Phase 1: biotite granite, two-mica granite; phase 2: granite aplite, tourmaline- and garnet-bearing pegmatite; SiO2 = 70.5 - 74.8%; Na2O+K2O = 5.00 - 8.73% 6. Xuyn ct Ht. Long i (O-S) Penetraring the Long i Fm (O-S). 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Hip c (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm.

Early Paleozoic; K/Ar : 530 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1980 3. Bc Trung B (II.2), tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2), Qung Nam Province 4. Huyn Ging, Qung Nam; x = 15034'; y = 10804' Ging District, Qung Nam Province. 5. Olivinit, harzburgit, werlit, pyroxenit b serpentin, talc v carbonat ho. Serpentinized, carbonatized and talcifized olivinite, harzburgite, wehrlite, pyroxenite; SiO2 = 33.94 55.2%; Na2O+K2O = 0.1-3.2%; MgO = 19,8138,4%. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 5/1998. Hn Khoai (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias Triassic; K/Ar : 183-208 Ma. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa, Dng Vn Cu, 1995. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Minh Hi West Nam B (IV); Minh Hi Province. 4. Hn Khoai, nam mi C Mau, Minh Hi; x = 80 25'.; y = 1040 49'

Hn Khoai Island, South of C Mau Cape, Minh Hi Province. 5. Pha 1: granoiorit biotit-horblen; pha 2: granit biotit Phase 1: biotite-hornblende granodiorite; phase 2: biotite granite. 6. Xuyn ct cc trm tch - ni la Ht. Hn Ngang (T) Penetrating sedimentary-volcanic rocks of Hn Ngang Fm. (T) 7. Granit kiu I I-granite type. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998.

K.
Kim Bi (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi mun Late Paleozoic. 2. Phan Vit K, 1974. 8. Hin xp vo phc h Phia Bioc Attributed at present to Phia Bioc Complex.

9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Kon Kbang (Phc h, Complex) 1. Arkei. Archean. 2. Trn Quc Hi, 1982. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Bnh nh, Gia Lai. Middle Trung B (III.1); Bnh nh and Gia Lai Province. 4. Huyn Kbang, bc Gia Lai; x = 13051'; y = 108059' Kbang District, north of Gia Lai Province. 5. Gabrogranulit Gabbrogranulite; SiO2 = 45.98-54.67%; Na2O+K2O = 0.82-2.61%; TiO2 = 0,38-2,5%; Al2O3 = 11,82 - 15,48%; MgO = 7,05-10,3%. 7. Comagma vi metavolcanit phc h Kan Nack Comagmatic with the metavolcanites of the Kan Nack Complex. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 11/1998.

M.
Mng Xim (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen Paleogene. 2. Nguyn Vn Quyn, Nguyn c Thng, Nguyn Vn Trang, 1982. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Qung Ngi Middle Trung B (III.1), Qung Ngi Province. 4. Huyn Sn H, Qung Ngi; x = 150 9'; y = 1080 23' Sn H District, Qung Ngi Province. 5. Pha 1: granosyenit porphyr, syenit; pha mch: syenit porphyr, minet, trachyt. Phase 1: porphyritic granosyenite, syenite; dyke phase: porphyritic syenite, minette, trachyte. 6. Xuyn ct granitoi phc h Hi Vn Penetrating granitoids of Hi Vn Complex. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. M Pe (Phc h, Complex) 1. evon gia

Middle Devonian 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk., 1991 8. Hin xp vo phc h Ngn Sn Attributed at present to Ngn Sn Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 9/1999. M Cang Chi (Phc h, Complex) 1. Jura-Creta sm Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Hong Hu Qu (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.), 1977 8. Hin xp vo phc h Nm Chin Attributed at present to Nm Chin Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Mng Hum (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E.), 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Lo Cai province. 4. Bt Xt, Lo Cai; x = 220 32'; y = 1050 43'

Bt Xt District, Lo Cai Province. 5. Granit kim, granosyenit kim, syenitoiorit thch anh. Alkaline granite, alkaline granosyenite, quartz syenitodiorite; SiO2 = 70.39-75.88%; Na2O+K2O = 8.29-11.37%. 8. Orthogneis Phan Si Pan: J. Fromaget, 1941-1852; Lacroix A. 1933 (ng ngha). Phc h Mng Hum - Phia Ma v o My: Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965 (ng ngha). Lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965) (ng ngha). Orthogneiss du Fansipan: J. Fromaget, 19411952; Lacroix A., 1933 (synonym); Mng Hum Phia Ma and o My Complexes: Izokh E.P.(in Dovzhikov A.E. et al), 1965 (synonym); Phanxipan Series: Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965) (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Mng Hum - Phia Ma (Phc h, Complex) 1. Creta-Paleogen Cretaceous- Paleogene. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk.), 1965.

8. Hin xp vo cc phc h Mng Hum v Phia Ma Attributed at present to Mng Hum and Phia Ma Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Mng Lt (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi gia Middle Paleozoic; K/Ar : 285-330 Ma. 2. L nh Hu (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1977. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Thanh Ho North Bc B (II.2); Thanh Ho Province 4. Quan Ho, Thanh Ho; x = 200 30'; y = 1040 45' Quan Ho District, Thanh Ho Province. 5. Pha 1: granit hai mica ht va-ln, granit biotit; pha 2: granit hai mica ht nh, granit turmalinmuscovit sng mu; pha mch: aplit, pegmatit Phase 1: medium- to coarse-grained two-mica granite, biotite granite; phase 2: fine-grained twomica granite, leucocratic tourmaline-muscovite granite; dyke phase: aplite, pegmatite; SiO2 = 70.72-74.31%; Na2O+K2O = 7.05-8.84%.

6. Xuyn ct cc Ht. Nm C (PR2-1) v Sng M (2) Penetrating Nm C (PR2-1) and Sng M (2) Fms. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998.

n.
Nm Bt (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. Trn Ton v Trn Xuyn, 1987. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1), H Giang province. 4. Bc Quang, H Giang; x = 22o28; y = 104o24 Bc Quang District, H Giang Province. 5. Serpentinit, apoharzburgit, periotit Serpentinite, apoharzburgite, periotite. SiO2 = 33,47%-42,02%; MgO = 33-39%, MgO/FeO = 512%; Na2O + K2O = 0,29-1,13%.

6. Xuyn chnh hp vo trm tch - ni la Ht. H Giang (2) Penetrating conformably volcano-sedimentary rocks of H Giang Fm. (2) 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Nm Chin (Phc h, Complex) 1. Jura - Creta sm Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Phan Vit K (trong Phan C Tin v nnk.), 1977 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Sn La and Lai Chu Provinces 4. Mng La, Sn La; x = 21o35, y = 104o53 Mng La District, Sn La Province. 5. Gabroamphibol, gabroiabas Amphibole gabbro, gabbrodiabase; SiO2 = 4550,5%; Na2O + K2O = 2,5 - 3,1% 6. Xuyn ct cc ni la Ht. Vn Chn (J-K1) Penetrating volcanic rocks of the Vn Chn Fm. (J-K1) 8. Phc h M Cang Chi: Hong Hu Qu (trong Trn Vn Tr), 1977 (ng ngha)

M Cang Chi Complex: Hong Hu Qu (in Trn Vn Tr), 1977 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Nm Kh (Phc h, Complex) 1. Jura-Creta Jurassic-Cretaceous. 2. Phan Vit K, 1974 8. Hin xp vo phc h Phu Sa Phn Attributed at present to Phu Sa Phn Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Nm Nin (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Quyn, Nguyn c Thng, Nguyn Vn Trang, 1982 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Qung Ngi Middle Trung B (III.1), Qung Ngi Province. 4. Tr My, Qung Ngi; x = 150 14'; y = 1080 6' Tr My District, Qung Ngi Province. 5. Plagiogranitogneis, tonalitogneis.

Plagiogranitogneiss, tonalitogneiss; SiO2 = 6465%; Na2O + K2O = 5,5-6,5%; Al2O3 = 15%. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. Nm Xe - Tam ng (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen Paleogene; K/Ar : 53-56 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P., L nh Hu (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu province. 4. Phong Th, Lai Chu; x = 22o25, y = 103o35 Phong Th District, Lai Chu Province. 5. Syenit, granosyenit kim Syenite, alkaline granosyenite; SiO2 = 60-75,14%; Na2O + K2O = 8,97-14,37% 6. Xuyn ct granitoi ca cc phc h Phu Sa Phn v Y Yn Sun Penetrating granitoids of Phu Sa Phin and Y Yn Sun Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Ngn Sn (Phc h, Complex)

1. Paleozoi gia Middle Paleozoic 2. Phan Vit K, 1995 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Bc Cn East Bc B (I.1); Bc Cn Province. 4. Ngn Sn, Bc Cn; x = 220 28'; y = 1050 57' Ngn Sn District, Bc Cn Province. 5. Granit biotit, granit hai mica, aplit, pegmatit. Biotite granite, two-mica granite, aplite, pegmatite; SiO2 = 72.12-77.5%; Na2O+K2O = 6.18-8.18%. 6. Xuyn cc trm tch t Cambri n evon trung Penetrating sediments of from Cambrian to Middle Devonian formations. 8. Phc h Loa Sn v Ngn Sn: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1974 (ng ngha) Loa Sn and Ngn Sn Complexes: Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1974 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Ni Cha (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic. 2. Izokh E.P., Nguyn Vn Chin (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965.

3. ng Bc B (I.1) Ty Bc B (I.3), Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Bc Cn, Yn Bi, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh. East and West Bc B and North Trung B (I.1, I32, II.2); Bc Cn, Yn Bi, Thanh Ho, Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. Ty-Ty bc th x Thi Nguyn 15-20 km; x = 210 42'; y = 1050 40' 15-20 km west-northwest of Thi Nguyn Town. 5. Gabro olivin, gabronorit, troctolit, pyroxenit, anorthosit. Olivine gabbro, gabbronorite, troctolite, pyroxenite, anorthosite; SiO2 = 47.42-50.62%; Na2O+K2O = 1.76-2.69%; TiO2 = 0,24 - 4,6%; MgO = 6,5-8,32%; CaO = 11,17-14,38%. 6. Xuyn ct v gy sng ho trm tch Paleozoi v Ht. ng Tru (T2); b Ht. cha than Vn Lng (T3) ph Penetrating Paleozoic sediments and ng Tru Fm (T2); covered by coal-bearing Vn Lng Fm. (T3) 8. Phc h Bn Xang - Ni Na: Izokh E.P., Nguyn Vn Chin (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha); Phc h Bn Xang (mt phn): Nguyn Vn Chin (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk),

1977 (ng ngha); Phc h Tri Nng: inh Minh Mng, 1988 (ng ngha) Bn Xang - Ni Na Complex: Izokh E.P., Nguyn Vn Chin (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al), 1965 (synonym); Bn Xang Complex (part.): Nguyn Vn Chin (in Trn Vn Tr et al), 1977 (synonym); Tri Nng Complex: inh Minh Mng, 1978 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Ni ing (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1969 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Bc Cn v Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. i T, Thi Nguyn; x = 210 39'; y = 1050 30' i T District, Thi Nguyn Province. 5. Granit granophyr biotit, granit biotit dng porphyr, granoiorit porphyr, granophyr, granit aplit Biotite granophyric granite, porphyritic biotite granite, porphyritic granodiorite, granophyre, aplitic granite; SiO2 = 65.54-72.42%; Na2O+K2O = 6.5-8.14%.

6. Xuyn ct cc Ht. Sng Hin (T1), N Khut (T2) v b Ht. H Ci (J1-2) ph Penetrating Sng Hin (T1), N Khut (T2) Fms. and covered by H Ci Fm. (J1-2). 8. Phc h cc granitoi ni la i km phun tro Trias: Nguyn Xun Tng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk), 1977 (ng ngha) Subvolcanic Triassic granitoid complex: Nguyn Xun Tng (in Trn Vn Tr et al), 1977 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 5/1998. Ni Ngc (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang, 1996 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Qung Ngi Middle Trung B (III.1), Qung Ngi Province. 4. Ni Thnh, Qung Ngi; x = 150 30'; y = 1080 34' Ni Thnh District, Qung Ngi Provice. 5. Gabro, gabroiabas Gabbro, gabbroiabase; SiO2 = 47-53,42%; Na2O+K2O = 0,79-4,03%; TiO2 = 0,20-0,72%; MgO = 7,22 - 17,86%.. 6. B granitoi phc h Din Bnh xuyn ct

Penetrated by granitoid of the Din Bnh Complex 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 7/1998. Ni Na (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic . 2. L nh Hu, 1977. 3. Ty Bc B v Bc Trung B (I.3 v II.2); cc tnh Sn La v Thanh Ho West Bc B and North Trung B (I.3 and II.2); Sn La and Thanh Ho Provinces. 4. Triu Sn, Thanh Ho; x = 190 43'; 1050 37' Triu Sn District, Thanh Ho Province. 5. Harzburgit, unit, bronzitit b serpentin ho Serpentinized harzburgite, dunite, bronzitite; SiO2 = 36.82-42.5%; Na2O+K2O = 1-1.87%; MgO = 35-41,29%; TiO2 = 0,03-0,12%. 8. Lot Bn Xang - Ni Na (mt phn): Izokh E.P (trong ovjikov A.E v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha); Bn Xang - Ni Na Complex (part.): Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E et al), 1965(synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998.

p.
Phan Rang (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen Paleogene; K/Ar : 62 Ma. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1980. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Ninh Thun South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Ninh Thun Province. 4. Ninh Phc, Ninh Thun; x= 110 40; y= 1080 31 Ninh Phc District, Ninh Thun Province. 5. Granit porphyr, granosyenit porphyr Porphyritic granite, porphyritic granosyenite; SiO2 = 66.44-76.54%; Na2O+K2O = 6.9-9.92%. 6. Xuyn ct granitoi thuc cc phc h nh Qun, o C. B iabas phc h C Mng xuyn ct Penetrating granitoids of the nh Qun and o C Complexes. Penetrated by diabase of the C Mng Complex. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998.

 Phanxipan (Lot, Series) 1. Cui Creta - Paleogen Late Cretaceous - Paleogene 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 8. Hin xp vo cc phc h Mng Hum, Phia Ma, Phu Sa Phn, Y Yn Sun, Bn Ching, Ch n, Pu Sam Cap Subdivided at present into Mng Hum, Phia Ma, Phu Sa Phn, Y Yn Sun, Bn Ching, Ch n and Pu Sam Cap Complexes. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 6/1998. Phia Bioc (Phc h, Complex) 1. Trias mun Late Triassic. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 3. ng Bc B (I.1) Ty Bc B (I.3), Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Bc Cn, Yn Bi, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh East Bc B (I.1); West Bc B (I.3), North Trung B (II.2); Bc Cn, Yn Bi, Thanh Ho, Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. Ty bc th x Bc Cn; x = 220 15'; y = 1050 47' Northwest of Bc Cn Town.

5. Granit biotit giu nhm dng porphyr, granit ht nh n va, granit sng mu, aplit, pegmatit, mch thch anh turmalin Porphyritic aluminium-rich biotite granite, medium- to fine-grained granite, leucocratic granite, aplite, pegmatite, quartz-tourmaline veins. SiO2 = 65.55-72.85%; Na2O+K2O = 4.02-10.3%. 6. Xuyn ct cc trm tch Paleozoi v b cc h tng cha than Vn Lng, Sui Bng (T3) ph Penetrating Paleozoic sediments, and covered by coal-bearing Vn Lng and Sui Bng Fms. (T3) 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 9. o nh Thc 10. 3/1998. Phia Ma (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleozoi gia Middle Paleozoic. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, Nguyn c Hn, 1974 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Tuyn Quang East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang Province. 4. ng bc N Hang 30 km; x = 220 33'; y = 1050 35' 30 km northeast of N Hang Townlet.

5. Granosyenit, syenit nephelin, syenit kim, granit kim Granosyenite, nepheline syenite, alkaline syenite, alkaline granite; SiO2 = 55.44-60.34%; Na2O+K2O = 10.26-13.32%. 6. Xuyn ct cc trm tch evon Penetrating Devonian 8. Phc h Mng Hum - Phia Ma: Fromaget J., 1941 (ng ngha, tui Tin Cambri); Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E v nnk), 1965 (tui Paleogen); lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha) Mng Hum - Phia Ma Complex: Fromaget J., 1941 (synonym, Precambrian age); Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E et al), 1965 (Paleogene age); Phanxipan series (part.): Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E et al), 1965 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998. Phu Sa Phn (Phc h, Complex) 1. Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi sm Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic; K/Ar : 81, 95 and 108 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Yn Bi

West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi Province 4. Ty nam Vn Chn 30 km; x = 210 30'; y = 1040 15' 30 km southewst of Vn Chn Townlet. 5. Syenit porphyr thch anh, granit felspat kim Quartz porphyritic syenite, alkaline feldspar granite; SiO2 = 59.4-78.96%; Na2O+K2O = 6.2210.86%. 7. Granit kiu A A-granite type 8. Lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha); Phc h Nm Kh: Phan Vit K, 1974 (ng ngha) Phanxipan series (part.): Izokh E.P.(in Dovzhikov A.E et al), 1965; Nm Kh Complex: Phan Vit K, 1974 (synonym). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 7/1998. Ph M (Phc h, Complex) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Hunh Trung, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., 1980. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1), Bnh nh Province. 4. Hoi Nhn, Bnh nh; x = 140 28'; y = 1080 57'

Hoi Nhn District, Bnh nh Province. 5. Gabro amphibolit Gabbro-amphibolite; SiO2 = 45-50%; Na2O+K2O = 1,3 - 4,3%; TiO2 = 0,83 - 1,48%. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 6/1998. Phc Thin (Phc h, Complex) 1. Kainozoi mun Late Cenozoic 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong o nh Thc, Hunh Trung v nnk.), 1995 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Gia Lai Middle Trung B (III.1); Gia Lai Province. 4. Ch Prng, Gia Lai; x = 130 48'; y = 1070 42' Ch Prng District, Gia Lai Province. 5. Gabro ht nh-va, gabronorit c olivin, gabroolerit c olivin Fine- to medium-grained gabbro, olivine gabbronorite, olivine gabbro-dolerite. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 3/1998. Pia Oc (Phc h, Complex) 1. Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi

Late Mesozoic - Cenozoic. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng Province. 4. M Tnh Tc, Nguyn Bnh; x = 250 36'; y = 1050 52' Tnh Tc tin mine, Nguyn Bnh District. 5. Granit biotit, granit hai mica, granit sng mu, pegmatit, aplit, mch thch anh-muscovit v thch anh casiterit Biotite granite, two-mica granite, leucocratic granite, pegmatite, aplite, muscovite-quartz and quartz-cassiterite veins; SiO2 = 66.6-74.14%; Na2O+K2O = 4.21-9.29%. 7. Granit kiu S S-granite type. 9. o nh Thc. 10. 3/1998. Plei Man Ko (Phc h, Complex) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Trn Quc Hi, 1982 3. Trung Trung B (III.1), tnh Gia Lai Middle Trung B (III.1), Gia Lai Province.

4. Ayun Pa, Gia Lai; x = 130 42'; y = 1080 36' Ayun Pa District, Gia Lai Province. 5. Granit biotit-granat-corierit Biotite-garnet-cordierite granite; SiO2 = 64,4473,64%; Na2O+K2O = 5,5-13,83%. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin. 10. 11/1998. Plei Weik (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi - Paleozoi sm Neoproterozoic - Early Paleozoic. 2. Trn Tnh, 1997. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Kon Tum Province 4. Sa Thy, Kon Tum; x = 140 17'; y = 1070 52' Sa Thy District, Kon Tum Province. 5. Pyroxenit, periotit, unit xen k vi metaanesit, metabazan. Pyroxenite, peridotite, dunite intercalated with metaandesite, metabasalt. 9. o nh Thc, Phan Thin 10. 4/1998. Po Sen (Phc h, Complex) 1. Neoproterozoi

Neoproterozoic. 2. Trn Quc Hi, 1967. 3. Mng T (II.1); tnh Lai Chu Mng T (II.1); Lai Chu Province. 4. Sa Pa, Lo Cai; x = 220 20'; y = 1030 56' Sa Pa District, Lo Cai Province. 5. Granoiorit, granit, granit-migmatit Granodiorite, granite, migmatite granite; SiO2 = 52.78-74.91%; Na2O+K2O = 6.15-9.85%. 8. Lot in Bin Ph (mt phn): Izokh E.P (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk), 1965 (ng ngha) in Bin Ph Series (part.): Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al), 1965 (synonym) 9. o nh Thc. 10. 3/1998. Pu Sam Cp (Phc h, Complex) 1. Paleogen Paleogene; K/Ar : 29-56 Ma. 2. Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu Province. 4. Dy Pu Sam Cp, Bnh L, Lai Chu; x = 220 15'; y = 1030 33'

Pu Sam Cp mountain range, Bnh L District, Lai Chu Province. 5. Syenit, granit kim, shonkinit, minet Syenite, alkaline granite, shonkinite, minette; SiO2 = 48.87-74.86%; Na2O+K2O = 6.4-14.37%. 6. Lin quan cht ch vi cc ni la kim Ht. Pu Tra tui Paleogen Closely related to alkaline volcanic rocks of Paleogene Pu Tra Fm. 8. Lot Phanxipan (mt phn): Izokh E.P. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965) (ng ngha). Phc h Pu Sam Cp (mt phn): Phan Vit K (trong o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995) Phanxipan series (part.): Izokh E.P. (in Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965) (synonym). Pu Sam Cp Complex (part): Phan Vit K (in o nh Thc, Hunh Trung, 1995). 9. o nh Thc. 10. 3/1998.

q.
Quy t ( vi, Limestone)

1. Carbon gia (Bashkir v Moscovi) Middle Carboniferous (Bashkirian and Moscovian). 2. Nguyn Vn Lim 1967 (tng Quy t A v tng Quy t B -- Quydat A and Quydat B Beds). 10. Hin c xp vo mt phn ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi Invalid. Part of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Quy t (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Dng Xun Ho, Nguyn Thm, Nguyn c Khoa 1975. 10. Trng tn vi tng Quy t: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967; ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi: Trn Tnh 1979 Homonym of Quy t Beds: Nguyn Vn Lim 1967; synonym of Mc Bi Fm.: Trn Tnh 1979 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Quy Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain

Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. Mareichev v Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov v nnk, 1965) (Trias gia-mun; Middle-Late Triassic) 3. Bc Trung B (III.2); cc tnh Thanh Ho v Ngh An North Trung B (III.2); Thanh Ho and Ngh An provinces. 4. Trn ng t lng Tri L qua Quy Lng (c) ra quc l 1; x = 19; y = 10525. On the road from Tri L village through Quy Lng (abandoned) to the highway No.1. 5. a) phin st, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 50 m; b) st vi, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 110m; c) st vi, bt kt vi, 120m; d) bt kt vi, ct kt, lp kp phin st, 90m; e) bt kt, phin st, ct kt, 100 m; f) bt kt, phin st, 130m a) Clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 50m; b) marl, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 110 m; c) marl, calcareous siltstone, 120 m; d) calcareous siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 90 m; e) siltstone, clay shale, sandstone, 100 m; siltstone, clay shale, 130 m. 6. 600 - 1200 m. 7. Trigonodus trapezoidalis (a), Schafhautlia plana (a), Trigonodus tonkinensis (b, c, e), T. zhamoidai

(b, e), Hoernesia magnissima (b, e), Costatoria goldfussi (b), C. ngeanensis (b, e), C. crassicosta (e). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Tru tui Anisi Conformably lying upon Anisian ng Tru Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 10. phin Trias (mt phn): Jacob 1921 (khng hp l); lot Nm Sm (mt phn): Dussault L. 1920 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Qu Chu Triassic shale (part.): Jacob 1921 (invalid); Nm Sm Group (part.): Dussault L. 1920 (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Qu Chu Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Qu Chu (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. V Khc, 1980. 3, Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh v Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Sn La, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh and Qung Bnh Provinces.

5. Bao gm cc Ht. ng Tru v Quy Lng Including ng Tru and Quy Lng Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

r.
Ro Chan (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Trn Tnh v nnk. 1979 (trong Tng Dzuy Thanh v nnk. 1986). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Theo sui Ro Chan, on gn cao im 323 vng Chc A, Hng Kh, H Tnh. Along the Ro Chan stream, at the section crossing near the height 323, Chc A area, Hng Kh district, H Tnh province; x = 18o03'; y = 105o40'. 5. a) phin st, phin st vi kp t lp mng vi st, ct kt vi, thu knh vi, 600m; b)

 phin st b p phin mng xen cc lp ct kt c vy mica, 320m; c) phin st vi c cc vi xen cc lp mng ct kt vi, 630m; d) phin st kp cc lp mng bt kt, ct kt c vy mica, 450m; e) phin st vi cha cc vi st, vi silic xen cc lp mng vi st, vi, 150m. a) Clay shale, marlaceous shale, some thin interbeds of clayish limestone, calcareous sandstone, limestone lenses, 600m; b) laminated clay shale, some micaceous sandstone interbeds, 320m; c) marlaceous shale with limestone nests, calcareous sandstone interbeds, 630m; d) clay shale with some thin interbeds of siltstone, micaceous sandstone, 450m; e) marlaceous shale with calcareous or silico-calcareous nests, thin interbeds of clayish limestone, limestone, 150m. 6. 1000 - 2100 m. 7. Desmidopora (?) sp. (a), Alveolites (?) sp. (a), Dohmophyllum sp. (a), ? Hexagonaria sp. (a), Calceola sp. (a), Archaeozonotriletes sp. (a), Lophozonotriletes sp. (a), Crinoidea and Brachiopoda (c), Desquamatia vijaika (e), Lissocrinus curtus (e). 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, chnh hp di Ht Bn Ging (D2e bg)

Lower boundary not observed, conformably underlying the Bn Ging Fm. (D2e bg) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Rinh Cha (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen sm Early Pliocene. 2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip - Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1), cc tnh Lng Sn v Cao Bng East Bc B (I.1), Lng Sn and Cao Bng provinces. 4. B tri sng K Cng (t nam P M n Rinh Cha) v sui Lc u (t bn B n sng K Cng). Mt ct b sung th x Cao Bng Left side of K Cng River (from south of P M village to Rinh Cha village) and Lc u stream (from Bn B village to K Cng River) ; x = 2144, y = 10659. Complementary section at Cao Bng Town.

5. a) Phn di: ct kt ht nh v va, xen bt kt v cc lp mng sierit, 40-150m; b) phn trn: bt kt, ct kt, cc lp mng sierit, 100-140m a) Lower part: fine to medium-grained sandstone intercalated with siltstone and thin interbeds of siderite, 40-150m. b) upper part: siltstone, sandstone with thin interbeds of siderite, 100140m. 6. 140-300 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Quercus lantenoisi, phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng, Chn bng Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis v Tulotoma (a); nhiu vt in l ca cc phc h Graminiphyllum - Nelumbo protospeciosa v Fagus cf. stuxbergi - Phoebe pseudolanceolata, phc h BTPH phong ph, cn trng thuc cc h Distyscidae, Cerambicidae v Hydrophyllidae Imprints of leaves of Quercus lantenoisi assemblage, abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage, gastropods Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis, Tulotoma (a); abundant imprints of leaves from Graminiphyllum - Nelumbo protospeciosa, and Fagus cf. stuxbergi - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblages, abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage, insects of Dityscidae, Cerambicidae and Hydrophyllidae (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Na Dng (N13)

Conformably upon the Na Dng Fm. (N13). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen (mt phn): ovjikov A.E. v nnk., 1965 (khng hp thc) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 10/1998

s.
Sa Pa (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi, tui ng v 600 tr. n. (Phan Trng Th, 1980) Neoproterozoic, isotopic datation 600 Ma. (Phan Trng Th, 1980). 2. Jacob Ch., 1921 (lot, srie); Bi Ph M, 1971 (h tng, formation). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Lo Cai and Yn Bi Provinces. 4. Vng th trn Sa Pa, dc ng Sa Pa - Lo Cai

Sa Pa Town area, along the Sa Pa - Lo Cai road; x = 2220, y = 10350. 5. a) phin thch anh serixit - clorit xen cc lp mng quarzit, hoa, phin tremolit, 300-400 m; b) hoa, hoa olomit, hoa silic, olomit, olomit tremolit, 300-600 m. 6. 600-1000 m. 7. Trong vi Mng Vi c (Limestone at Mng Vi yields): Protosphaeridium acis., Pr. torulosum Pr. pusillum, Pr. densum; 8. Tip xc kin to vi cc c hn, b ph bt chnh hp bi Ht. Cam ng Tectonically contacting with older rocks, unconformably underlying the Cam ng Fm. 9. Bin nng. Bin cht tng phin lc Marine, shallow-water. Greenschist facies of metamorphism. 10. Hin nay nhiu tc gi m t h tng ny l lot bao gm hai h tng: Cha P v inh, nhng ti liu c s lp Ht. Cha P cha c chc chn At present some workers have been describing this formation as a group including two formation, namely: Cha P and inh, but the basic data for establishing the Cha P Fm. are not firm yet. .

11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 S Phn (Lot, Group) 1. Trias Triassic. 2. Dussault L., 1922 (Srie). 10. Hin phn trm tch lc nguyn c xp vo cc Ht. Nm Thm, Mng Trai v Nm Mu, cn phn trm tch - ngun ni la c xp vo phc h T L The terrigenous part has been attributed at present to the Nm Thm, Mng Trai and Nm Mu Fms., whilst the volcanogeno-sedimentary part - to the T L Complex. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 S Pit (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm - gia Early-Middle Devonian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao 1970. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. T Khoa: Deprat J. 1914 Synonym of T Khoa Fm.: Deprat J. 1914 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 8/1998 Sm Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn c Tm, 1976. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng bng Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh North Trung B (II.2), Thanh Ho, Ngh An,. H Tnh Plains. 4. L khoan 15 Hm Rng, Thanh Ho, su 73.7 53m. Hole No15 Hm Rng (Thanh Ho Province), at inteval of 73.7 - 53m. 5. a) Ct, bt, 1,7m; b) st, bt, 1m; c) ct, sn, 3.2m; d) st, bt b laterit yu, 14.8m (Phm Vn Hi, 1994). a) Sand, silt, 1.7m; b) clay, 1m; c) sand, grit, 3.2m; d) clay, silt febbly lateritized, 14.8m (Phm Vn Hi, 1940. 6. 6 - 50 m. 7. Phc h BTPH vi 33 taxon, phytoleima (a), to silic v trng l (b) Sporo-pollenic assemblage with 33 taxon, phytoleima (a) Diatomae and foraminifers (b).

8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Devon v cc thnh to c khc Unconformably upon the Devonian sediments and other ancien formations. 9. m ly ven bin Coastal swampy. 10. Neogen (tng cui - sn - ct di): Nguyn c Tm, 1982 (ng ngha); cc trm tch Pliocen thng - Pleistocen h (mt phn): H Ton Dng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk.), 1989 (ng ngha) Neogene (Lower pebble - grit - sand horizon): Nguyn c Tm, 1982 (synonym), Upper Pliocene - Lower Pleistocene sediments (part.): H Ton Dng, (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al.), 1989 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Si Ka (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm, Lochkov Early Devonian, Lochkovian. 2. Deprat J. 1915 (Srie de Si-Ka). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn

East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 4. on t bn Ta Kao (cch Lng C khong 2km) n o Si Ka v bn Si Ka, ng Vn, H Giang From Ta Kao village (about 2 km from Lng C village) to Si Ka pass and Si Ka village, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o19'; y = 105o17'. 5. a) Cui kt vi cc thu knh bt kt mu nu v xm lc, 5m; b) phin st sm vi cc lp kp bt kt, i ch mu tm , 150m; c) phin st nu sm, xanh xm, phn trn xut hin cc lp kp bt kt, 100m; d) bt kt mu xm, 30m a) Conglomerate with chocolate and green-grey siltstone lenses, 5m; b) chocolate, locally redviolet clay shale and siltstone interbeds, 150m; c) dark-brown, grey-green clay shale, siltstone interbeds in the upper part, 100m; d) grey siltstone, 30m. 6. 280 - 400 m. 7. Hysterolites sp. (b), Ostracoda (b), ho thch cFish remains (b). 8. Bt chnh hp trn trm tch Orovic (cc Ht Lutxia v N M) v chnh hp di Ht Bc Bun (D1 bb)

Unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks (Lutxia and N M Fms.); and conformably underlies the Bc Bun Fm. (D1 bb) 9. Lc a v vng ven b Continental and littoral. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Si Phai (Chi Phai) (H tng, Formation) 1. evon Praga - Frasni Devonian, Pragian - Frasnian. 2. ng Trn Huyn 1979 3. ng Bc B (I.1); vng ng Vn, tnh H Giang East Bc B (I.1); ng Vn area, H Giang province. 4. M (Mia) L - ng Vn, huyn ng Vn, H Giang M L village - ng Vn townlet, ng Vn district, H Giang province; x = 23o16', y = 105o22'. 5. a) vi xen nhng lp vi st, st vi, st than v nhng lp kp silic, 160m; b) vi ht mn, xen vi st, st than, phin silic, 210m; c) phin silic xen cc lp mng vi, trn 20m.

a) Limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, marl, coaly shale and chert interbeds, 160m. b) finegrained limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone, coaly shale and cherty shale, 210m; c) cherty shale, thin interbeds of limestone, over 20m. 6. 280 - 400 m. 7. Phong phAbundant Conodonta, Dacryoconaridae, Foraminifera (a) Nowakia acuaria, N. zlikhovensis, N. praecusor, Bellodella devonica, Polygnathus perbonus, Spathognathodus optimus, Trichonodella symmetrica, Hindeodella equidentata, Ozarkodina denckmani; (b) Nowakia elegans, N. cancellata, N. richteri, Panderodus unicostatus; (c) Ozarkodina congesta, Icriodus difficilis, Palmatolepis proversa, P. gigas, P. rhenanus, P. varcus, P. subrecta, Ancerodella nodosa. N. otomari, Homoctenus krestovnikovi, Nancinella cf. evoluta, Eogeinitzina devonica; (a,b,c) P. linguiformis. 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht Mia L (D1 ml) v di vi Famen, evon thng Conformably (?) lying upon Mia L Fm. (D1ml), and conformably underlying Famennian (Upper Devonian) limestone. 9. Bin su, thm lc a Deep-water, continental shelf.

10. Cc ip N Qun v H Lang (mt phn) (vng ng Vn): Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986 (ng ngha); ip Bn Pp ( vng ng Vn): V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990 (ng ngha) N Qun and H Lang Suites (part) (in ng Vn area): Tng Dzuy Thanh et al. 1986 (synonym); Bn Pp Suite (in ng Vn area): V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sin Cao (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian. 2. Bi Ph M (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (ip - suite). 10. c xp vo Ht. Mng Trai, do mt ct chun ca h tng khng in hnh cho ton bn Attributed to Mng Trai Fm., because its stratotype is not typical for the basin. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Sinh Quyn (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic

2. T Vit Dng, 1962. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Dc Ngi Pht, Sinh Quyn Along the Pht Stream, Sinh Quyn area; x = 2237, y = 10348. 5. a) Plagiogneis biotit, phin biotit v biotitgranat, thu knh amphibolit v quarzit, 1500 m; b) phin thch anh - graphit c biotit - granat, quarzit graphit, 1000 m; c) plagiogneis biotit, phin thch anh - hai mica c granat, 500m a) Biotite plagiogneiss, biotite and biotite-garnet schist, amphibolite and quarzite lenses, 1500 m; b) quartz-graphite schist bearing biotite-garnet, graphite quartzite, 1000 m; c) biotite plagiogneiss, quartz - two-mica schist bearing garnet, 500 m. 6. 3000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sui Ching, tip xc kin to vi cc phn v kin to tr hn Conformably lying upon the Sui Ching Fm., tectonically contacting with younger formations. 9. Lc nguyn, bin cht khu vc tng epidotamphibolit v amphibolit.

Terrigenous. Epidote-amphibolite and amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. Ht. Po Sen (mt phn): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Xun i Po Sen Fm. (part.): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (synonym) Being the upper formation of the Xun i Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sinh Vinh (H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic mun - Silur Late Ordovician - Silurian 2. ovjikov v nnk. 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3), tnh Sn La, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3), Sn La, Ho Bnh and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. Ca sui Sinh Vinh, trn b Sng Sinh Vinh Stream mouth on the bank of Sng River; x = 23021', y = 114040'. 5. a) Cui kt c s, 40m; b) bt kt cha vi, vi olomit; c) vi olomit phn lp dy, xen mt vi lp phin st, st vi

a) Basal conglomerate, 40m; b) calcareous siltstone, dolomitic limestone; c) thick-bedded dolomitic limestone, some thin interbeds of marl and clay shale. 6. 800 m. 7. (b) Reuschia sp., Plasmoporella kiaeri, Favositella alveolata; (c) Favosites sp., F. aff. forsbesi var. similis, F. ex gr. gothlandica, F. cf. subgothlandica, F. cf. hisingeri, F. cf. coreaniformis, Mesofavosites sp., Squameofavosites sp., Parastriatopora sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht Bn Kh ( - O1 bk), chnh hp di Ht B Hing (S2 bh) Unconformably overlies the Bn Kh Fm., and conformably underlies the B Hing Fm. (S2 bh) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sc Lu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun, phn sm Early Late Pleistocene. 2. Ma Cng C (trong Nguyn c Thng v nnk.), 1999

3. Nam Trung b v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai Province. 4. Sc Lu, cch ng ba Du Dy khong 5km v pha bc Sc Lu village, about 5km north of Du Dy fork; x = 1058, y = 10710. 5. Trachyanesit porphyr Porphyritic trachyandesite. 6. 200-300 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Xun Lc (QII) v di Ht. Phc Tn (QIII2) Unconformably upon Xun Lc Fm. (QII) and under Phc Tn Fm. (QIII2). 9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 11. Phm Vn Hng 12. 12/1998 Sng Ba (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1982 (ip - Suite).

3. Trung Trung B (III.1); thung lng Sng Ba, k T, Plei Ku, Kon Tum, Bun Ma Thut Middle Trung B (III.1); Ba River valley, k T, Plei Ku, Kon Tum, Bun Ma Thut areas. 4. Dc thung lng sng Ba, t cu L Bc n Ph Tc v cc l khoan 314 Cheo Reo, 310 Ch X Along the Ba River valley from L Bc Bridge; x = 1312, y = 10842 to Ph Tc area, and holes N0314 at Cheo Reo, N0310 at Ch X. 5. a) Cui kt, si kt, ct kt, 8-100m; b) ct bt kt v bt kt, 4-145 m a) Conglomerate, gravelstone, sandstone, 8-100m; b) silty sandstone, siltstone, 4-145m 6. 12-245 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Quercus - Laurophyllum Ficus beauveriei (a), vt in l ca phc h F. beauveriei - Dipterocarpus - Leguminosites (hay F. beauveriei - Anacolosa - Leguminosites), phc h BTPH vi Dng x: 10-16,5%, Ht trn: 2-4,5%, Ht kn: 79-80% (b) Imprints of leaves from Quercus - Laurophyllum Ficus beauveriei assemblage (a); imprints of leaves from Ficus beauveriei - Dipterocarpus Leguminosites (or F. beauveriei - Anacolosa Legumimosites) assemblage; sporo-pollenic

assemblage with Filices: 10-16,5%, Pinophyta: 24,5%, Magnoliophyta 79-80 (b). 8. Khng chnh hp trn lot Bn n (J1-2), Ht. Mang Giang (T1-2) hoc trn granit tui J-K Unconformably upon the Bn n Group (J1-2), Mang Giang Fm. (T1-2) or discordantly upon Jurassic-Cretaceous granite. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Neogen: Saurin E. 1944 (khng hp thc) Neogene: Saurin E., 1944 (invalid). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999 Sng Bi (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1988 10. ng ngha ca Ht. o Bo Lc Synonym of o Bo Lc Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 1/1999. Sng Bi (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia-mun, Lain mun - Carni

Middle-Late Triassic, Late Ladinian - Carnian. 2. Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (Trias gia-mun; Middle-Late Triassic) 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Ho Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Ho Bnh province. 4. Vng Ct Bi thuc lu vc Sng Bi Ct Bi area of the Bi River basin; x = 2039; y = 10535. 5. a) Cui kt c s, ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 100 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, phin st, 100 m; c) ct kt, 100 m; d) phin st, bt kt, st than, 400 m; e) ct bt kt, bt kt, 100 m a) Basal conglomerate, sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 100 m; b) siltstone, sandstone, clay shale, 100 m; c) sandstone, 100 m; d) clay shale, siltstone, coaly shale, 400 m; e) silty sandstone, siltstone, 100 m. 6. 600 - 850 m. 7. Zittelihalobia comata (b), Daonella udvariensis (c), Posidonia wengensis (c), Halobia austriaca (d), H. cf. charlyana (d), Zittelihalobia superba (d). 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. ng Giao tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Anisian ng Giao Fm. 9. Bin

Marine. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Sng Bung (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.3); tnh Qung Nam North Trung B (II.3); Qung Nam province. 4. Dc sng Bung, gn ng ba vi sng A Vng; x = 1551; y = 10747. Along the Bung River, near the confluence with the A Vng River. 5. a) Ct kt, st kt, lp kp phin st, bt kt, 80m; b) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, bt kt vi, 310 m; c) ct kt, bt kt, bt kt vi, 500 m; d) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, bt kt, 580 m; e) cui kt, st kt, ct kt, 460 m; f) cui-sn kt, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 320 m; g) ct kt tuf, bt kt vi, 275 m; h) ryolit porphyr, ct kt tuf, bt kt, 180 m a) Conglomerate, claystone, interbeds of clay shale, siltstone, 80m; b) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, calcareous siltstone, 310 m; c) sandstone, siltstone, calcareous siltstone, 500 m; d) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, siltstone, 580

m; e) conglomerate, claystone, sandstone, 460 m; f) gravelstone, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 320 m; g) tuffaceous sandstone, calcareous siltstone, 275 m; h) porphyritic rhyolite, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, 180 m. 6. 1600 - 2700 m. 7. Dictyophyllidites sp. (a), Monoculcites sp. (a), Lophotriletes sp. (a), Palaeoneilo yanjiensis (c), Neoschizodus sp. (c), Rhodea sp. (c), Calamites sp. (f). 8. Khng chnh hp trn granit Permi mun - Trias sm phc h Qu Sn; khng chnh hp di Ht. An im tui Nori. Discordantly lying upon Late Permian - Early Triassic granite of Qu Sn Cp.; unconformably under Norian An im Fm. 9. Bin nng Marine, shallow-water. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Sng C (Phc h, Complex). 1. Orovic (Orovic mun) - Silur Ordovician (Late Ordovician) - Silurian. 2. Mareichev A., Trn c Lng (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965: H tng Sng C -- Sng C

Formation). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Ngh An, H Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An and H Tnh provinces. 4. Nguyn Vn Honh (trong Phm Kim Ngn, Lng Hng Hc 1995) m t chi tit h tng theo cc mt ct: Bn m, Hui Kh - Hui Hng v Hui Th, Ngh An Nguyn Vn Honh (in Phm Kim Ngn, Lng Hng Hc 1995) has described anew the Sng C Fm. by the sections Bn m, Hui Kh Hui Hng and Hui Th, Ngh An province; x = 19023', y = 104016'. 5. Phn di: a) phin thch anh - mica, 130 140m; b) ct kt dng quarzit xen bt kt, 100 120m; c) phin thch anh - sericit xen bt kt, 350m. Phn gia: d) ct kt vi vi lp bt kt, 60 70m; e) phin thch anh - sericit, 200m; f) ct kt a khong, phin v bt kt, 60 - 70m; g) phin thch anh - sericit xen cc lp bt kt, 200 - 300m; h) phin sericit ha yu xen bt kt, 300m; i) vi st, 10 - 15m; k) bt kt xen phin sericit, 100m. Phn trn: l) sn kt thch anh, ct kt, bt kt, 50m; m) phin st xen ct bt kt, 150m; n) phin st sericit ha yu xen k vi ct kt, bt kt, 500m; o) phin st cha nhiu vt cht hu c, 300m.

Lower part: a) mica - quartz schist, 130 - 140m; b) intercalation of quartzitic sandstone and siltstone, 100 - 120m; c) sericite - quartz schist, interbeds of siltstone, 350m. Middle part: d) sandstone, some siltstone interbeds, 60 - 70m; e) sericite - quartz schist, 200m; f) polymictic sandstone, shale and siltstone, 60 - 70m; g) sericite quartz schist, interbeds of siltstone, 200 - 300m; h) weakly sericitized schist, interbeds of siltstone, 300m; i) clayish limestone, 10 - 15m; k) siltstone, interbeds of sericitized schist, 100m. Upper part: 1) quartz gritstone, sandstone, siltstone, 50m; m) clay shale, interbeds of fine sandstone, 150m; n) weakly sericitized schist, interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, 500m; o) biopelite shale, 300m. 6. 2500 - 3200 m. 7. Monoclimacis vomerica (o), Pristiograptus cf. kweichihensis (o). 8. Quan h vi trm tch c hn khng quan st c, chnh hp di Ht Hui Nh Lower boundary not observed, conformably underlying the Hui Nh Fm. (S2? - D1 hn). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Mareichev A. M. v Trn c Lng m t phn v ny l mt h tng nhng khng nu mt

ct in hnh ca h tng, ch nu din phn b trung lu sng Ngn Su, bc th trn Hng Kh v dc sn ng bc di Trng Sn di dng nhng di ko di v m rng v pha ty bc, trong lu vc sng C v Nm M. Phn di ca h tng c quan st r thung lng Sng C, t gn lng M Sn qua ca Ro Vng n thung lng Sng Con. Do cu trc a cht phc tp v khng c mt ct chun r rng nn trt t tng lp ca phn v n nay cha c xc lp chc chn. V vy ch nn coi n nh mt phc h thch a tng -- phc h Sng C. Mareitchev A. M. & Trn c Lng described this unit as a formation, but did not indicate its stratotype, and the distribution of it was shown as follows: Ngn Su middle basin, North of Hng Kh townlet, and along northeastern slope of Trng Sn range in the form of northwestwards elongated and extended bands in the Sng C and Nm M basins. The lower part of the formation is well observed in the Sng C valley, from M Sn village crossing through Ro Vng river mouth to Sng Con valley. Due to the complicated geological structure and the absence of a stratotype, the stratigraphic sequence of this unit is not well established.

Therefore, it should be treated lithostratigraphic complex. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

as

Sng Cu (Lot, Group) 1. evon sm, Lochkov Early Devonian, Lochkovian. 2. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964 (ip - Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Thi Nguyn East Bc B (I.1); Thi Nguyn province. 4. Bn Chang - Bn Tc, theo sui Bn Rm ra sng Cu, Thi Nguyn Bn Chang village - Bn Tc village and along the Bn Rm stream running to Cu river, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o48'; y = 105o52'. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh dng quarzit mu xm vng hoc tm g, 500m; b) vi, ct kt vi mu xm en, xen phin vi, ct kt dng quarzit, 400 450m. a) Quartzitic quartz sandstone of light-grey, yellow-grey or chocolate colour, 500m; b) darkgrey limestone, calcareous sandstone, interbeds of marl and quartzitic sandstone, 400 - 450m. 6. 900 - 1000 m.

7. (a) Beyrichia sp., Leperditiidae, Antiarchi, ? Porolepis, ?Paleonisci. Tong-Dzuy Thanh & Ph. Janvier, (1994, 1998) pht hin v m t (TongDzuy Thanh & Ph. Janvier, (1994, 1998) collected and described): (a) Bannhuanaspis vukhuci, Yunnanolepis sp., Chuchinolepis dongmoensis, Youngolepis cf. praecursor; (b) Athyris sp., Chonetes sp., Howellella sp., Pugnacina baoi. 8. Bt chnh hp trn trm tch Orovic (cc Ht Lutxia, N M) v chnh hp di Ht Mia L (D1 ml) Unconformably overlies Ordovician rocks (Lutxia and N M Fms.); and conformably underlies the Mia L Fm. (D1 ml) 9. Lc a v bin ven b Continental and littoral. 10. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964 m t ip Sng Cu vi thnh phn mt ct nh trnh by trn y, theo phn v ny ng vi hai Ht. Si Ka (a) v Bc Bun (b). Hai h tng ny c thnh to trong mt chu k trm tch t tng lc a chuyn sang bin ven b, nhiu ni ca Bc B do s chuyn tip lin tc nn kh phn tch hai h tng ny. Tng Duy Thanh (1979, 1986, 1993) ngh coi phn v Sng Cu nh l mt lot bao gm hai Ht. Si Ka v Bc Bun. Ht. Khao H: T Hong Tinh 1964 (ng ngha)

Trn Vn Tr et al. 1964 described the Sng Cu Suite consisting of two above - mentioned parts (a, b), corresponding respectively to the Si Ka (a) and Bc Bun (b) Fms. (see these units), which were formed in a succession from continental (a) to littoral environments (b). Due to the gradual transition of these two formations, in some areas of North Vit Nam it is difficult to draw the boundary between them. Tng Duy Thanh (1979, 1986, and 1993) suggested the Sng Cu Group which groups these two successive formations. Khao H Fm.: T Hong Tinh 1964 (synonym) 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Chy (Lot, Group) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Phan Trng Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977) (h tng - Formation); Hong Thi Sn (lot - group). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi East Bc B (I.1); H Giang, Tuyn Quang and Yn Bi Provinces. 5. Bao gm hai h tng l Thc B v An Ph

Composed of Thc B and An Ph Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng (Lot, Group) 1. Trias gia-mun, Lain-Carni Middle-Late Triassic, Ladinian-Carnian. 2. V Khc, 1980. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Mng Trai, Nm Mu v Pc Ma Including Mng Trai, Nm Mu and Pc Ma Fms. 3. Ty Bc B (III.3); cc tnh Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh v Yn Bi West Bc B (III.3); Sn La, Lai Chu, Ho Bnh and Yn Bi provinces. 11. V Khc. 12. 3/1999 Sng Ln (i quarzit, Quartzite Zone) 1. Orovic Ordovician. 2. Jacob Ch. 1921 (Zone de quarzite du Song DoLen) 10. ng ngha ca Ht. ng Sn Invalid. Synonym of ng Sn Fm.

11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Gm (i h lu, Downstream Zone) 2. Bourret R. 1922 (Zone de la Basse Rivire Gam). 10. Mt phc h thuc nhiu tui khc nhau ch yu l Paleozoi nay c xp vo nhiu h tng khc nhau Invalid. Rock complex of different ages, but mainly Paleozoic, that have been attributed at present to different formations. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Gi (ip, Suite) 1. evon gia Middle Devonian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 10. Khng hp thc; Nguyn Quang Hp s dng ip Sng Gi lin kt tng Dng ng (trm tch lc nguyn, tui Eifel) v tng Trng Knh (trm tch carbonat, tui Givet) trong mt vng hp Invalid; Nguyn Quang Hp established the Sng Gi Suite for correlating and unifying in a small area two formations, namely: Dng ng

(terrigenous, Eifelian) and Trng Knh (carbonate, Givetian). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 6/1999 Sng Hin (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Bourret, 1922 ( phin Sng Him - Sng Him Shale). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Cao Bng, H Giang, Bc Cn v Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng, H Giang, Bc Cn and Lng Sn provinces. 4. Dc sng Hin, on t Pc Gii n th x Cao Bng; x = 2235; y = 10614. Along the Hin River, in the section from Pc Gii to Cao Bng Town. 5. a) Ryolit, felsit, spilit, variolit, 0-100-250 m; b) ct kt tuf xen phin st, bt kt, 300 m; c) bt kt, phin st, 100 m; d) tuf ryolit, ct kt tuf, lp kp phin st, 125 m; e) bt kt, phin st, 75m; f) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp cui kt, 150m; g) phin st, bt kt, 120 m; h) si kt, ct kt tuf, lp kp bt kt v phin st, 190m; i) phin

st,bt kt, lp kp ct kt, 110 m; k) ct kt, ct kt tuf, thu knh cui kt, 180 m a) Rhyolite, felsite, spilite, variolite, 0-100-250 m; b) tuffaceous sandstone, clay shale, siltstone, 300 m; c) siltstone, clay shale, 100 m; d) rhyolitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of clay shale, 125 m; e) siltstone, clay shale, 75m; f) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of conglomerate, 150m; g) clay shale, siltstone, 120m; h) gravelstone, tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 190m; i) clay shale, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, 110m; k) sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, lenses of conglomerate, 180 m. 6. 600 - 1500 m. 7. Lytophiceras cf. sakuntala (b), Claraia vietnamica (b), C. cf. gervilliaeformis (b), Anasibirites cf. multiformis (h), Dieneroceras sp. (h), Anakashmirites sp. (h). 8. Khng chnh hp trn vi paleozoi thng: khng chnh hp di Ht. Ln Pang tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Upper paleozoic limstones; unconformably under Anisian Ln Pang Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, bin Volcanogenic, marine.

10. Thot tin Bourret m t phn v gm c Dm kt nh v nh tui n t Antracolit gia n Trias gia. Sau , Fromaget (1934) tch phn Dm kt nh ra xp vo Ret, phn cn li cho l tui Uralo-Permi. Khi m t phn v ny l ip Sng Hin Vasilevskaia (1962) a ra mt danh sch Trng l Trias gia v cc thn mm m hi cho l c tui Lain - Carni nh tui ip l Lain - Carni. Gn y, trong o v a cht t l trung bnh Phm nh Long (1973) chia ip Sng Hin thnh 3 ph ip v tm c ho thch Cc Olenec ph ip gia, do tui ca phn v c nh li l Trias sm gia. Khi o v a cht t l ln Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk (1991) tch ph ip trn ca Phm nh Long ra thnh H tng Ln Png tui Anisi, v tm thy Claraia trong ph ip di, t Ht. Sng Hin c coi l tui Trias sm Initially, Bourret described this unit as including the Summit Breccias, and dated it as Middle Anthracolite - Middle Triasic. Then, Fromaget (1934) Deparated the breccias for Rhaetion, and the remaining part was dated as Uralo - Permian. When describing this unit as Sng Hin Suite, Vasilevskaya (1962) gave a list of Middle Triassic foraminifers and some Bivalves, which were regarded at that time as Ladinian-Carnian for dating the suite as Ladinian-Carnian. Recently,

during the work on middle scale geological survey Phm nh Long (1973) divided the Sng Hin into 3 subsuites, and found Olenekian ammonoids in the middle subsuite, based on this the suite was dated as Early Triassic. When working on the large scale geological survey Nguyn Kinh Quc et al (1991) separted the upper subsuite by Phm nh Long to describe the new Ln Png Formation of Anisian age, and found Claraia in the Lower Subsuite; since this time the Sng Hin Fm. has been regarded as Early Triassic in age. 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Sng Hng (Lot, Group) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Fromaget J. 1927 (Roches crystallines anciennes); E..Vasilevskaya (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1963) (Arkei). 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Nam nh v TP H Ni. Sng Hng zone (I.2); Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Nam nh Provinces and H Ni City. 5. c phn chia thnh cc Ht. Ni Con Voi, Ty Cc v Thi Ninh (Nguyn Vnh, Phan Trng Th

v nnk, 1973) hoc cc h tng Ni Con Voi, Ngi Chi (Trn Xuyn, 1988) Subdivided into Ni Con Voi, Ty Cc and Thi Ninh Fms. (Nguyn Vnh 1988, Phan Trng Th, 1973) or Ni Con Voi and Ngi Chi Fms. (Trn Xuyn, 1988). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng Hng v Sng Chy (Gneis gia, Gneiss between) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. C. Jacob, R. Bourret, 1920. 10. Hin nay xp vo lot Sng Hng Referred at present to the Sng Hng Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998. Sng Kim Sn (Lot, Group) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 10. Hin c gi l Ht. Kim Sn thuc lot Kan Nack tui Arkei

Named at present as Kim Sn Fm. of the Archean Kan Nack Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng L ( phin hoc Phc h, Schist or Complex) 1. Trc Hercyn v Anthracolit Pre-Hercynian and Anthracolitic. 2. Bourret R., 1922. 10. Hin nay c xp vo cc Ht. Sng Chy, Chim Ho v H Giang Referred at present to Sng Chy, Chim Ha and H Giang Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng Lu (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen- Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. L c An v nnk. 1981 3. Nam Trung B (III.2); thung lng sng lu, sng Mao, khu vc Lng Sn v Thanh Chu.

South Trung B (III.2); Lu River and Mao River valleys, Lng Sn and Thanh Chu areas, Bnh Thun Province. 4. Thung lng sng Lu. B sung qua l khoan Thanh Chu. Lu River valley; supplementary section at Thanh Chu (after holes) 5. a) Ct pha st, 3-4m; b) ct-cui kt, si kt, 2m; c) st kt, ct kt c mn thc vt, tectit nguyn dng, 8m. a) Clayey sand, 3-4m; b) sandstone, conglomerate, gravelstone, 2m; c) claystone, sandstone bearing plant detritus, tektite in original shape, 8m. 6. 10 - 20 m. 7. Phc h BTPH phong ph (Abundant sporopollenic assemblage): Adiantum sp., Polypodiaceae gen. indet., Lygodium sp., Microlepia sp., Osmunda sp., Cystopteris sp., Pteris sp., Polypodium sp., Poaceae gen. in det., Lithocarpus sp., Marrola sp., Juglans sp., Rubiaceae gen, indet., Carya sp., Larix sp., Tiliaceae gen. in det., Castanopsis sp., Rhizophora sp., etc. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to xm nhp v phun tro Mesozoi Discondantly upon Mesozoic intrusive and vocanic formations.

9. Lc a Continental. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Sng M (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri gia Middle Cambrian. 2. Phm Kim Ngn, Trn Vn Tr (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Thanh Ha, Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (I.3); Thanh Ha, Sn La and Lai Chu provinces. 4. B phi sng L t Hi Xun i v pha lng Bai, Hi Xun, Thanh Ha Right bank of L river from Hi Xun townlet toward Bai village, Hi Xun district, Thanh Ha province; x = 20o22'; y =105o06'. 5. a) phin st sericit xen vi hoa ha, 600 700m; b) vi hoa ha, phin sericit, phin thch anh - sericit, 700m; c) hoa, phin thch anh - sericit xen lp mng ct kt, 300 - 400m. a) Sericite clay shale, interbeds of marbleized limestone, 600 - 700m; b) marbleized limestone, quartz-sericite schist, sericite schist, 700m; c)

marble, quartz-sericite schist, thin sandstone interbeds, 300 - 400m. 6. 300 - 1800 m. 7. Cyclolorenzella sp.(c), Damesellidae (c), Agnostidae (c). 8. Khng chnh hp (?) trn Ht Nm C v chnh hp di Ht Hm Rng Unconformably (?) overlies the Nm C Fm. and conformably underlies the Hm Rng Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. ovjikov v nnk. 1965 m t khi lng ca Ht. Sng M trong thnh phn ca cc h tng khc nhau nh Chim Ho, Bn Kh, ng Sn, Sinh Vinh. Nn coi Ht. in L v Ht. Sng M l ng ngha, cng c xc lp trn a bn Ty Thanh Ho. Tuy vy theo m t ca Phm Kim Ngn v Trn Vn Tr (1977) th dng nh thnh phn vi trong Ht. Sng M nhiu hn. Tc gi ca h tng th nht cha pht hin ho thch nh tui, cn trong Ht. Sng M th Phm Kim Ngn v Trn Vn Tr pht hin ho thch nh tui Cambri gia Dovzhikov et al. 1965 described the rocks of this formation in the frame of different units, such as Chim Ho, Bn Kh, ng Sn, Sinh Vinh Fms.

in L and Sng M Fms. should be synonyms, both of them were firstly described in the same West Thanh Ho area. However, judging the description of Phm Kim Ngn & Trn Vn Tr (1977), the limestone components in the Sng M Fm. seem to be more than in the in L one. Characteristic faunas were not discovered in the in L Fm., while Middle Cambrian Trilobites have been collected in the Sng M one. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Mua (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Ha Bnh, Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc sng Mua, pha di lng Ng Hai, Sn La. Mt ct ph chun: Ho Bnh - Tu L (Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986) Along the Mua river, lower side of Ng Hai village, Sn La province. Hypostratotype: Ho Bnh - Tu L (Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986).

5. a) phin st c lp cha vi, trn c xen vi lp mng phin cha than, 900m; b) phin cha vi, 700m; c) ch yu l phin st c xen nhng lp ct kt phn di v nhng thu knh mng vi phn trn cng, 400m; d) phin st xen ct kt dng quarzit, 160m; e) phin vi v vi c ct, st, 170m Mt ct ph chun, chnh hp trn h tng B Hing: a) phin st, c lp cha vi, di tch sinh vt khng xc nh, 580m; b) phin st vi, phong ph ho thch, 500m; c) phin st, cc di mng bt kt, ct kt ht nh, 180m; d) phin st en, phin dng di xen ct kt dng quartzit, 130m; e) phin st c silic, xen vi lp ct kt, 50m. a) Clay shale, some calcareous shale beds, some interbeds of coaly shale in the upper part, 900m; b) calcareous shale, 700m; c) clay shale, some interbeds of sandstone in the lower part, and thin limestone lenses in the uppermost part, 400m; d) clay shale, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, 160m; e) calcareous shale and sandy- clayish limestone, 170m. Hypostratotype, in conformity upon the B Hing Formation: a) clay shale, sometime calcareous, bearing indeterminable fossils, 580m; b) marlaceous shale bearing abundant fossils, 500m; c) clay shale,

thin bands of siltstone and fine sandstone, 180m; d) black clay shale, stripped shale, interbeds of quartzitic sandstone, 130m; e) cherty shale, some interbeds of sandstone, 50m (Nguyn Vnh 1977; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 6. 700 - 2300 m. 7. Hysterolites wangi (=Howittia wangi) (c), H. cf. wangi (d), Hysterolites sp. (c), Pugnacina ? sp. (c, d), Chonetes sp. (c), Athyris sp. (c), Lingula sp. (c), Sphenotus ? cf. spatulata (d), Mytilarca ? sp. (d), Pteria (Actinopteria) sp. (c, d), Otarion sp. (c), Rhynchonellida (c, d), Rugosa (e). Ti mt ct ph chun Ho Bnh - Tu L -- From Ho Bnh - Tu L hypostratotype: (b) Mesodouvillina aff. subinterstrialis, Iridistrophia aff. praeumbracula, Camarotoechia sp., Howellella sp., Platyorthis aff. cimex, Stropheodonta aff. interstrialis, Chonetes cf. striatella, Schyschcatocrinus astericus, Pterinea sp., Posidonia sp.; c) Howittia wangi (= Hysterolites wangi), Strophochonetes sp., Pugnacina sp., Howellella sp., Gravicalymene maloungcaensis, Pteria (Actinopteria) sp., Sphenotus (?) cf. spatula, e): Howittia wangi, Chonetes hoabinhensis, Strophochonetes sp., Pugnacina aff. baoi, Pteria (Actinopteria) subdecussata (Nguyn Vnh 1977; Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986).

8. Chnh hp trn Ht B Hing (S2 bh) v di Ht Bn Ngun (D1 bn) Conformably overlies the B Hing Fm. (S2 bh) and underlies the Bn Ngun Fm. (D1 bn) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Sui Tra: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (ng ngha); ? phin Mng Th: Dussault L. 1929 (ng ngha) Sui Tra Fm.: Dng Xun Ho 1975 (junior synonym); Mng-th schist: Dussault L. 1929 (synonym). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sng Nan (H tng, Formation) 1. Carbon gia - mun Middle - Late Carboniferous. 2. L Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Bc Sn = Mi (part.) Bc Trung B Invalid. Synonym of Bc Sn = Mi Fm. (part.) in North Trung B. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Sng Phan (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura gia, Bajoci-Bathon Middle Jurassic, Bajocian-Bathonian. 2. V Khc, Nguyn c Thng, 1996. 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Lm ng South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Khnh Ho, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun and Lm ng Provinces. 4. Dc sng Phan, gn ga ng st Sng Phan Along the Phan River, near the Sng Phan railways station; x = 1054, y = 10755. 5. H xen k dng nhp ct kt ht va - ht th vi bt kt cha vn thc vt v t st kt Rhythmic intercalation of medium- to coarsegrained sandstone with siltstone bearing plant debris and minor claystone. 6. 600 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. M tui Aalen-Bajoci Conformably lying upon Aalenian-Bajocian M Fm. 9. Bin ven b Marine, littoral.

10. L h tng trn ca phn lot La Ng (lot Bn n) Being the upper formation of the La Ng Subgroup (Bn n Group). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Sng Re (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi. Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Vn Trang v nnk, 1985. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Nam, Qung Ngi v Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam, Qung Ngi and Kon Tum Provinces. 4. Trung lu sng Re, on Sn H - Gi Vc Middle course of the Re River, the section Sn H - Gi Vc; x = 14050, y = 108030. 5. a) Gneis v plagiogneis biotit-horblen, cc lp mng hay thu knh amphibolit, phin thch anh -felspat-biotit; b) gneis biotit-horblen, cc lp mng phin thch anh -biotit-amphibol; c) gneis biotit, phin thch anh -felspat-biotit-horblen a) Biotite-hornblende gneiss and plagiogneiss, interbeds or lenses of amphibolite, quartz-feldsparbiotite schist; b) biotite-hornblende gneiss,

interbeds of quartz-biotite-amphibole schist; c) biotite gneiss, quartz- feldspar-biotite-hornblende schist. 6. >3000 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, chuyn tip ln cc tp phin ca h tng Tc P Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the Tc P Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn - ni la. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, volcano-terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L mt h tng ca lot Ngc Linh Being a formation of the Ngc Linh Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sng Si Gn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm Early Triassic. 2. Bi Ph M v V Khc, 1980 (ip - Suite). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh Bnh Phc South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Bnh Phc Province.

4. Dc sng Tng L Chm, t cu T Thit n nng trng Tng L Chn Along the Tng L Chm River from the T Thit bridge to the Tng L Chn Farm ; x = 1139; y = 10630. 5. a) St vi, bt kt vi, lp kp ct kt cha vi, 200 m; b) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, ct kt vi v st vi, 300 m; c) ct kt, bt kt, lp kp st kt, 300 m a) Marl, calcareous siltstone, interbeds of calcareous sandstone, 200 m; b) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, calcareous sandstone and marl, 300 m; c) sandstone, siltstone, interbeds of claystone, 300 m. 6. 800 m. 7. Otoceras (Metotoceras) phumyi (a), Ophiceras cf. commune (a), Claraia stachei (a), C. ex gr. C. aurita (a), Eumorphotis inaequicostata (a), Pteria cf. ussurica (a), Bellerophon sp. (a), Gyronites sp. (b), Anasibirites sp. (c). 8. Khng chnh hp vi Permi thng; khng chnh hp di Ht. Chu Thi tui Anisi Unconformably lying upon Permian limestone; unconformably under Anisian Chu Thi Fm. 9. Bin Marine.

11. V Khc. 12. 6/1998 Sng Tranh (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, Trn Tt Thng, 1979 10. Hin c m t l Ht. Sng Re Described at present as the Sng Re Fm. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sn Ch (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun Late Cretaceous. 2. Bi Minh Tm, ng Trn Huyn 3. Ty Nam B (IV); vng Hn Chng - H Tin, tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Hn Chng - H Tin area, Kin Giang Province. 4. Vng ni Sn Ch, bc Hn Chng 10km; x = 10o13, y = 104o40 Sn Ch Mt. area, 10km north of Hn Chng. 5. a) Tuf, 20-30m; b) ryolit porphyr, acitoryolit, albitophyr thch anh, 120-150m

a) Tuff, 20-30m; b) porphyritic rhyolite, dacitorhyolite, quartz albitophyre, 120-150m. 6. 150 - 500 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. T Pa tui Jura sm-gia Unconformably lying upon Early-Middle Jurassic T Pa Fm. 9. Ngun ni la, ni mng Volcanogenic, intraplate. 10. Ht. n Dng (vng H Tin): Nguyn Kinh Quc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha) n Dng Fm. (H Tin area): Nguyn Kinh Quc (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 6/1999 Sn Dng (ip, Suite) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

 Sn La (Lot, Group) 1. Trias sm-gia Early-Middle Triassic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh and Thanh Ho. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. C Ni, ng Giao v Nm Thm Including the C Ni, ng Giao and Nm Thm Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Sn Liu (ip, Suite) 1. Carbon sm Early Carboniferous. 2. Phm Vn Quang (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Con Voi Invalid. Synonym of Con Voi Fm.: Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Sui Bng (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Nori-Ret Late Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian. 2. ovjikov v Nguyn Tng Tri (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (Nori-Norian). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ninh Bnh v Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh, Ninh Bnh and Yn Bi provinces. 4. Dc theo sui Lo vng than Sui Bng Along the Lo Stream of the Sui Bng coal field; x = 2059; y = 10448. 5. a) St vi, bt kt, bt kt v s, ct kt, vi st v s, 145 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, 246 m; c) ct kt thch anh, 290 m; d) ct kt, lp kp bt kt, sn kt, sn kt cha cui, 90m; e) bt kt xen ct kt, t st than, 100 m; f) bt kt, lp kp ct kt, cc va than gy, 220 m a) Marl, siltstone, coquinoid siltstone, sandstone, coquina, 145m; b) siltstone, sandstone, 246 m; c) quartz sandstone, 290 m; d) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, gritstone, pebble-bearing gritstone, 90m; e) siltstone, sandstone, interbeds of coaly shale, 100 m; f) siltstone, interbeds of sandstone, coal seams, 220 m.

6. 700 - 1100 m. 7. Burmesia lirata (a,b,c), Gervillia shaniorum (a,b), Costatoria (Napengocosta) napengensis (a,b,c), Zittelihalobia sublaevis (a,b), Z. obruchevi (a), Halobia distincta (a), Juvavites magnus (a), Cyrtopleurites bicrenatus (a), Discotropites noricus (b), Parathisbites sopcopensis (d), Zittelihalobia tenuis (d), Gervillia cf. inflata (e), Unionites damdunensis (e), Vietnamicardium nequam (e), Clathropteris meniscioides (f), Asterotheca cottoni (f), Goeppertella microloba (f), Cladophlebis raciborskii (f), ... 8. Khng chnh hp trn nhiu h tng c hn; chnh hp di cc h tng Jura Unconformably upon many older formations; conformably under Jurassic formations. 9. Bin, lc a Marine, subcontinental. 10. mt ct chun khng thy lp cui kt c s, nhng n c mt nhiu ni, c bit vng Pu Pha Vt (ng in Bin) lp ny dy ti 370 m In the stratotypic area the bed of basal conglomerate has not been found, but it is exposed in many places, especially at Pu Pha Vt (east of in Bin) it reaches a thickness of 370 m. 11. V Khc.

12. 10/1998 Sui B (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1970. 10. Hin c xp vo Ht. Ngi Thia Attributed at present to the Ngi Thia Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Sui Ching (H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I. 3); cc tnh Ho Bnh, Lo Cai, Yn Bi West Bc B (I.3); Ha Bnh, Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 4. Trung lu Sui Ching Middle course of Sui Ching Stream; x = 2105 , y= 10455. 5. a) Gneis, cc lp mng quarzit, quarzit biotit v phin thch anh-biotit-granat, 700 m; b) amphibolit,

gneis amphibol-biotit, gneis biotit, quarzit biotit, 1500 m a) Gneiss, interbeds of quartzite, biotite quartzite, quartz-biotite-garnet schist, 700m; b) amphibolite, amphibole-biotite gneiss, biotite quartzite, 1500m. 6. > 2500 m. 8. Cha r ranh gii di, nm chnh hp di Ht. Sinh Quyn Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the Sinh Quyn Fm. 9. Lc nguyn - ni la bazan. Bin cht khu vc tng epiot-amphibolit, amphibolit. Terrigenous- basaltic volcanic. Epidote-amphibolite and amphibolite facies of metamorphism. 10. Ht. Lng P: Bi Ph M v nnk. 1972 (ng ngha); Ht. Po Sen (mt phn): Trn Quc Hi 1967 (ng ngha). L h tng di ca lot Xun i Lng P Fm.: Bi Ph M et al. 1972 (synonym); Po Sen Fm. (part.) Trn Quc Hi 1967 (synonym). Being the lower formation of the Xun i Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sui Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi Neoproterozoic.

2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 (trc Sini - PreSinian) 10. Hin nay c xp vo Ht. Sinh Quyn hoc Ngi Ht Attributed at present to Sinh Quyn or Ngi Ht Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Sui Tra (H tng, Formation) 1. evon sm Early Devonian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1975. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Sng Mua: ovjikov A. E. 1965. Invalid. Synonym of Sng Mua Fm.: Dovzhikov A. E. 1965. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Sn Gia (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias mun, Ret Late Triassic, Rhaetian. 2. V Khc, Ct Nguyn Hng, Nguyn Sn . 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam

North Trung B (II.2); Qung Nam Province. 4. Trn ng t An im i vo ni Sn Gia On the earth road from An im to the Sn Gia Mt; x = 1552, y = 10752. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt cha cui, thu knh bt kt than, 250 m; b) ct kt thch anh, lp kp st than, ct kt cha felspat, thu knh than, c ni va than dy, 400 m; c) ct kt ht th cha felspat, thu knh bt kt than, than, 160 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, pebble-bearing sandstone, lenses of coaly siltstone, 250 m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of coaly shale, feldspar-bearing sandstone, lenses of coal, locally thick coal seams, 400 m; c) feldspar-bearing coarse sandstone, lenses of coaly siltstone, coal nests, 160 m. 6. 810 m. 7. Clathropteris obovata (a), Podozamites lanceolatus (a), P. distans (a), Ptilozamites tenuis (a), Cycadocarpidium erdmanni (a), Goeppertella vietnamica (a), Cladophlebis raciborskii (a), Cl. ngockinhensis (b), Baiera guilhaumati (b), Palissya brauni (b), Clathropteris longilobata (c), Dictyophyllum nathorstii (c), Classopollis sp. (c), Mattonia cf. triassica (c), Neoraistrickia taylori (c), vv...

8. Chnh hp trn Ht. An im tui Nori; khng chnh hp di Ht. Bn C tui Sinemur Conformably upon Norian An im Fm.; unconformably under Sinemurian Bn C Fm. 9. Lc a cha than Continental, coal-bearing. 10. ip Nng Sn, phn trn: V Khc (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1989) (ng ngha). L h tng trn ca lot Nng Sn Nng Sn suite, upper part: V Khc (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). Being the upper formation of the Nng Sn Group. 11. V Khc.12. 2/1999

t.
T Nt (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1996). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (IV.2); tnh Bnh Phc

South Trung B and East Nam B (IV.2); Bnh Phc Province. 4. Dc thng ngun sng Si Gn, gn Phum T Nt; x = 11o50, y = 106o28 Along the Si Gn Riverhead, near T Nt village. 5. t cui kt, bt kt, ct kt v phin st. 6. 300 m. 7. Girtypecten sp., Peridopecten sp., Palaeolima sp., Streptorhynchus cf. pelargonatus, Uncinunellina aff. U. timorensis. 8. Ranh gii di khng r; pha trn chnh hp di Ht. Hn Qun Lower boundary not observed, and conformably underlying the Hn Qun Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. y l phn lc nguyn nm chn ca mt ct Permi thng T Thit (Bi Ph M, 1986) mi c tch ra trong qu trnh hiu nh lot t bn a cht 1:200.000 ng bng Nam B. This is the lower part including terrigenous sediments of the T Thit Upper Permian sequences (Bi Ph M, 1986), separated recently

during the revision of the Nam B Plain Geological Map sheets Group on 1:200.000 scale. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 8/1998 T Pa (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. V Khc, ng Trn Huyn. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh An Giang v o Hn Ngh (Kin Giang) West Nam B (IV); An Giang Province and Hn Ngh island (Kin Giang). 4. Dy T Pa vng By Ni, huyn Tri Tn T Pa Range in the By Ni area, Tri Tn District; x = 1021, y = 10500. 5. a) Bt kt tm nu, 20 m; b) bt kt, st kt, 10 m; c) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 20 m; d) ct kt cha cui, 50 m a) Violetish-brown siltstone, 20 m; b) siltstone, claystone, 10 m; c) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 20 m; d) pebble-bearing sandstone, 50 m. 6. 100 - 250 m. 8. Ranh gii di khng r, pha trn nm khng chnh hp di Ht. Xa Lon tui Jura mun

Lower boundary unknown, upper beds unconformably underlie Late Jurassic Xa Lon Fm. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Du Ting: Phan Don Thch (trong Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk. 1995) (ng ngha) (?) Du Ting Fm.: Phan Don Thch (in Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1995) (synonym) (?) 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 T Thit (Lot, Group) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Bi Ph M 1986 (H tng - Formation). 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2) cc tnh Bnh Dng v Ty Ninh South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); Bnh Dng and Ty Ninh Provinces. 5. Lot ny bao gm hai Ht. T Nt v Hn Qun Including two formations, namely T Nt and Hn Qun. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, V Khc. 12. 6/1999

 T Khoa (H tng, Formation) 1. ? evon sm - gia Early - Middle Devonian 2. Deprat J. 1914 (Phc h bin cht T Khoa -Complexe mtamorphique de Ta Khoa); Phan C Tin v nnk. 1977 (Ht. T Khoa -- T Khoa Fm.). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); thung lng Sng , Sn La West Bc B (I.3), Sng Valley, Sn La province. 4. Dc theo sui Nm Sp - Sng Along Nm Sp stream - River; x = 210 09', y = 1040 24'. 5. a) Ct kt, ct kt dng quarzit phn di mng, xen k phin b sng ho, sericit ho, 900m; b) phin st b sng ho, clorit - sericit ho, xen ct kt v ct kt dng quarzit, 1700m a) Thin- banded sandstone, quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of hornfelsified and sericitized schist, 900m; b) hornfelsified and sericite - chlorite schist, interbeds of sandstone and quartzitic sandstone, 1700m. 6. 2600 - 3400 m. 7. (b) Di tch ho thch khng xc nh -Undeterminable fossil remains.

- Ti Bn Mong, trong lp ct kt ng vi (b) -- At Bn Mong, from the sandstone beds corresponding to (b): Dicoelostrophia annamitica, Atrypa reticularis, Orthis sp., Chonetes sp., Spirifer sp., Leptaena sp. indet. - Ti Nm Mui, trong trm tch lc nguyn xen t vi ng vi (b) -- At Nm Mui area, from the terrigenous and intercalated limestone beds corresponding to (b): Denckmanites vietnamicus, Platiclymenia ? sp., Teicherticeras sp. 8. Quan h vi trm tch lt di v ph trn khng quan st c Contact with underlying and overlying strata was not observed. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Nm Sp: ovjikov v nnk. 1965 (ng ngha). Ht. T Khoa gm ch yu l bin cht, b dy ca h tng rt ln, thnh phn ho thch rt him; nhng ho thch k trn y c thu thp ni khc v i snh vi phn trn ca h tng. Do c th coi tui ca Ht. T Khoa l vn cn phi lm r thm. Nm Sp Fm.: Dovzhikov A. E. et al. 1965 (synonym). T Khoa Fm. consists mainly of metamorphic rocks of great thickness, above cited

fossils were collected not from the main section, but from the beds, correlated to upper part of the T Khoa Fm.. Therefore, the age of this Formation should be an opened problem. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tam Danh (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta - Paleogen (?) Cretaceous - Paleogene (?). 2. Nguyn Kinh Quc, 1991 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn Province. 4. Dc ng t Bc Ca i Tng Han; x = 21o50, y = 106o37 Along the road from Bc Ca to Tng Han. 5. a) Cui sn kt tuf, sn kt tuf, 6-15 m; b) bazan aphyr, hyalobazan, 40-60 m; c) anesitoacit, anesitobazan, 5-20 m; d) bazan, variolit, bazan thu tinh, 30-60 m; e) st kt cha tro ni la, si lic, i ch xen ct kt tuf, 3-4 m; f) bazan l hng, hyalobazan, bazan phong ho thnh t , 10-30 m a) Tuffaceous conglomerate and gritstone, 6-5 m; b) aphyric basalt, hyalobasalt, 40-60 m; c) andesitodacite, andesitobasalt, 5-20 m; d) basalt, variolite, glassy basalt, 30-60 m; e) shale bearing

volcanic ash, chert, locally interbedded with tuffaceous sandstone, 3-4 m; f) porous basalt, hyalobasalt, weathered to red soil basalt, 10-30 m. 6. 95 - 170 m. 8. Ph khng chnh hp trn ryolit Ht. Tam Lung, ranh gii trn khng r Unconformably covering rhyolite of the Tam Lung Fm., upper boundary unknown. 9. Ngun ni la lc a Volcanogenic, continental. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1999. Tam Lang (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Cng Lng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk 1989). 10. Khng hp thc do m t sai phn di ca mt ct. c m t li l Ht. Bnh Liu Invalid by the wrong description of the lower part of the formation. Redescribed as Bnh Liu Fm.. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

 Tam Lung (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun - Creta sm (?) Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous (?). 2. V Khc v ng Trn Huyn, 1995. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Dc ng t Phai Mon n Po Khau T vng Tam Lung; x = 2157; y = 10642. Along the earth road from Phai Mon to Po Khau T Mt, Tam Lung area. 5. a) Cui kt c s, sn kt, ct kt, lp kp phin st v bt kt, 50m; b) tuf, ryolit porphyr , ryoacit, ryotrachyt, lp kp sn kt tuf, 500-550m a) Basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, interbeds of clay shale and siltstone, 50 m; b) tuff, porphyritic rhyolite, rhyodacite, rhyotrachyte, interbeds of tuffaceous gritstone, 500-550 m. 6. 500 - 600 m. 9. Ngun ni la Volcanogenic. 10. H Jura khng phn chia: Jamoia v Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp l); bc Anisi (mt phn): Phm c Lng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (khng hp l); h tng

Tam Lang (mt phn): Nguyn Kinh Quc v nnk 1992 (ng ngha) Undifferentiated Jurassic: Zhamoida & Phm Vn Quang (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid); Anisian Stage (part.): Phm c Lng (in Trn Vn Tr et al 1977) (invalid); Tam Lang Formation (part.): Nguyn Kinh Quc et al 1992 (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Tc P ( H tng, Formation) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk,1994. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Nam, Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam and Kon Tum Provinces. 4.Thng lu Nm Nin, gn th trn Tc P Upper course of Nm Nin Stream, near Tc P small town; x = 15012, y = 108007. 5. a) Gneis biotit, plagiogneis biotit, xen phin thch anh -biotit-granat; b) phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit; c) phin cha graphit xen hoa olivin, phin biotit- iopsi-graphit

a) Biotite gneiss, biotite plagiogneiss, interbeds of quartz-biotite-garnet schist; b) quartz-biotitesillimanite schist; c) graphite-bearing schist, interbeds of olivine marble, biotite-diopsidegraphite schist. 6. >2500 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Sng Re, tip xc kin to vi cc phn v tr hn Conformably overlying the Sng Re Fm., tectonically contacting with younger formations 9. Bin, lc nguyn -carbonat. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, calcaro-terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L mt h tng ca lot Ngc Linh. Mt ct trung lu sng k Mi (5000 m) c l y hn gm: a) phin gneis-biotit, phin biotitsilimanit-granat, thu knh amphibolit, 1500m; b) phin biotit, phin thch anh-felspat-biotit, quarzit, 2000m; c) phin biotit-borblen, phin biotit, hoa v calciphyr, 400m; d) gneis, gneis biotit, migmatit biotit-granat, 1000m Being a formation of the Ngc Linh Group. The section exposed in the middle course of k Mi River (5000m) may be fuller: a) biotite gneissic schist, biotite-silimanite-garnet schist, lenses of

amphibolite, 1500m; b) biotite schist, quartzfeldspar-biotite schist, quarzite, 2000m; c) biotitehornblende, biotite gneiss, biotite-garnet migmatite, 1000m. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Tn Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias sm, Olenec Early Triassic, Olenekian. 2. Phan C Tin (trong Phan C Tin v nnk 1977). 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Ho Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La and Ho Bnh provinces. 4. Trn ng t Mng Hng i Mng Tham vng Tn Lc; x = 2033; 10522. Along the earth road from Mng Hng to Mng Tham in Tn Lc area. 5. a) Ct kt, ct kt tuf, thu knh bt kt, 250-300 m; b) bt kt, ct kt, ct kt tuf, 400-450 m; c) st vi, vi st c vn cc hnh giun trn mt lp, 80-150 m a) Sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, lenses of siltstone, 250-300 m; b) siltstone, sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, 450 m; c) marl, clayish

limestone with vermicular clots on the bedding surface, 80-150 m. 6. 730 - 850 m. 7. Entolium discites microtis (b), E. discites (b, c), Costatoria costata (c), Neoschizodus laevigatus elongatus (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Vin Nam v di Ht. ng Giao Unconformably lying upon Vin Nam Fm, and under ng Giao Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ct kt cha Hoernesia socialis: Deprat 1913 (mt phn) (khng hp l); Ht. C Ni (phn trn): ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (ng ngha). L mt h tng thuc phn gia ca lot Sn La Hoernesia socialis Sandstone: Deprat 1913 (part.) (invalid); C Ni Fm. (part.): Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (synonym). Being a formation of the middle part of the Sn La Group. 11. V Khc. 12. 8/1998 Tn Lm (H tng, Formation)

1. evon sm Early Devonian 2. ng Trn Huyn v nnk. 1980 10. ng danh ca "Calcaires de Tn Lm" (Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968), nn c i tn l Ht. A Chc Homonym of "Calcaires de Tn - lm" (Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968), so renameded as A Chc Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa 12. 6/1998 Tn Lm (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia - mun, Givet - Frasni Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian Frasnian. 2. Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968 (Calcaires de Tn Lm) 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr, Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Lng C Bai n A Chc, Hng Ha, Qung Tr; x = 16o53, y = 106o34 From C Bai to A Choc villages, Hng Ha district, Qung Tr province. 5. a) vi, st vi xen phin st, 60m; b) vi

dng khi, 100 - 120m; c) vi phn lp, i ni c cu to phn di, 200 - 250m. a) Limestone, marl, interbeds of clay shale, 60m; b) massive limestone, 100 - 120m; c) bedded, locally stripped limestone, 200 - 250m (Nguyn Xun Dng, in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 6. 280 - 500 m. 7. Emanuella ronensis (a), Schizophoria bistriata (a), Athyris concentricus (a), Hexagonaria sp. (a), Crassialveolites cf. crassus (a), Tienodictyon tschussovense (b), Stachyodes angulata (b), Amphipora laxeperforata (b), Atelodictyon trauscholdi (b), Alaiophyllum incomptum (b), Cystospirifer sublimis (b), C. cf. tenticulum (b), Uchtospirifer nalivkini (b), U. cf. concentricus (b), Stachyodes costulata (c), S. insignis (c), Alveolites subormicularis (c), Gracilipora polonica (c), Tikhinella fringa (c), Tournayella sp. (c). 8. Chnh hp (?) trn Ht A Chc (D1 ac) v khng chnh hp di Ht La Kh (C1 lk) Conformably (?) overlying the A Chc Fm. (D1 ac), and unconformably underlying the La Kh Fm. (C1 lk). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Tn Lm lu nay c quen gi l Ht. C Bai

hoc l C Bai (Nguyn Xun Dng: trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986, V Khc & Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990), nhng trc Trn Th Ch Thun v H. Fontaine (1968) dng tn vi Tn Lm m t h tng ny vng Tn Lm, Qung Tr. Do tn h tng c chnh l theo tn do Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine (1968) xut. Mt ct in hnh m t theo Nguyn Xun Dng (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M 1990). The Tn Lm section was described by Nguyn Xun Dng 1978 (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986, V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990) as C Bai or C Bai Fm., but Trn Th Ch Thun, H. Fontaine 1968 have described the Tn Lm Limestone from the Tn Lm area, Qung Tr province. Thus the Formation name is here corrected in accordance with the one given by Trn Th Ch Thun and H. Fontaine (1968). The description of the typical section of the formation was made by Nguyn Xun Dng (in V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1990). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tn Lp ( H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia - mun, Givet - Frasni Middle - Late Devonian, Givetian - Frasnian.

2. Nguyn Hu Hng, on Nht Trng, ng Trn Huyn 1991. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn province. 4. Mt ct u cu M Nhi - im cao 505 v bn b tri sui M Nhi, huyn Bc Sn, Lng Sn From M Nhi bridge to the height 505 and at the left bank of M Nhi stream, Bc Sn district, Lng Sn province; x = 21o50', y = 106o21'. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt arkos (thnh phn cui ch yu l silic, silic vi; sn kt gm thch anh, cc mnh silic v magma), 50m; b) ct kt thch anh xen vi st, 50 - 70m a) Conglomerate, arkosic gritstone (conglomerate pebbles are composed mainly of chert, calcareous chert; gritstone grains - quartz, chert and magmatic rocks), 50m; b) quartz sandstone, interbeds of clayish limestone, 60 - 70m. 6. 100 - 170 m. 7. Lepidodendropsis cf. hirnesci (b), L. sp. (b). 9. Bin ven b Littoral. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Tn Mi ( H tng, Formation) 1. Orovic (? Orovic mun) - Silur Ordovician (? Late Ordovician) - Silurian. 2. Jamoida A.I., Phm Vn Quang (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965). 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh province. 4. Theo ng t i qua lng Tn Mi, Qung Ninh. Along the road crossing Tn Mi village, Qung Ninh province; x = 21o34'; y = 107o43'. 5. Phn di: a) ct kt, bt kt xen vi lp sn kt, phin sericit, 90m; b) ct kt tuf xen cc lp sn kt, phin sericit, 30m; c) bt kt, phin st sericit, phin thch anh, 240m; d) phin sericit, phin thch anh, 250m; e) ct kt dng quarzit xen phin sericit, 150m. Phn trn: f) phin thch anh - sericit xen phylit, 150m; g) bt kt xen t phylit, 250m; h) ct kt xen bt kt, 150m; i) bt kt xen ct bt kt, phin st sericit, 120m. Lower part: a) sandstone, siltstone, some interbeds of gritstone, sericite schist, 90m; b) tuffaceous sandstone, interbeds of gritstone, sericite schist, 30m; c) siltstone, sericite-clay shale, quartz schist, 240m; d) sericite schist, quartz schist, 250m; e) quartzitic sandstone, interbeds of sericite schist,

150m. Upper part: f) quartz-sericite schist, interbeds of phyllite, 150m; g) siltstone, some interbeds of phyllite, 250m; h) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 150m; i) siltstone, interbeds of silty sandstone, sericite- clay shale, 120m. 6. 1290 - 1690 m. 7. Bohemograptus tenuis (g), Lobograptus cf. crinitus (g), Neoculograptus inexpectatus (g), Pristiograptus pseudodubius (g), Graptolithina indet. (h). 8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, khng chnh hp di Ht Sn Lower boundary not observed, unconformably underlying the Sn Fm.. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Nhng ho thch Graptolit nu trn y cha pht hin li c trong o v a cht t l 1: 50 000 vng phn b h tng Tn Mi Above-cited Graptolite fossils were not found again in the geological mapping on 1:50 000 scale in the distributive area of the Tn Mi Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Ty Cc (H tng, Formation)

1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1969. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Ph Th East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and Ph Th Provinces. 4. ng t Ngc L n Phi nh On the road from Ngc L to Phi nh; x = 21038, y = 10507. 5. a) phin thch anh -plagioclas-biotit, cc lp mng quarzit biotit-graphit; b) phin thch anh -plagioclas-biotit, quarzit biotit, quarzit sch a) Quartz-plagioclase-biotite schist, interbeds of biotite-graphite quartzite; b) quartz-plagioclasebiotite, biotite quartzite, quartzite. 6. >1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Ni Con Voi v chuyn tip ln Ht. Thi Ninh Conformably overlying the Ni Con Voi Fm. and underlying the Thi Ninh Fm. 9. Bin, lc nguyn. Bin cht khu vc n tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism.

10. L h tng gia ca lot Sng Hng Being the middle formation of the Sng Hng Group. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998. Ty Hn Ngh (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Lain Middle Triassic, Ladinian 2. Bi Ph M, V Khc, 1980 (Ht. Hn Ngh, phn trn) 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province. 4. B ty o Hn Ngh Western margin of the Hn Ngh Island, x = 10o02, y = 104o34 5. a) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 20m; b) bt kt, lp kp phin st dng di, 55m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 75m; d) phin st, lp kp bt kt, 50m a) Clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 20m; b) siltsone, interbeds of stripped clay shale, 55m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 75m; d) clay shale, interbeds of siltstone, 50m. 6. 200 m.

7. Daonella cf. moussoni (a), Posidonia wengensis (a) 8. Cc ranh gii di v trn u khng r Unknown lower and upper boundaries 9. Bin su Marine, deep-water. 10. Thot tin th a cht ny c m t chung vi vi Ht. Minh Ho nm di l Ht. Hn Ngh (Bi Ph M, V Khc 1980). Gn y, khi xut bn t bn a cht t H Tin - Ph Quc t l 1: 200.000 (Nguyn Ngc Hoa et al. 1996), chng c tch ra lm hai h tng: vi nm di mang tn Ht. Minh Ho, phin nm trn vn mang tn Ht. Hn Ngh. Danh php ny tri vi quy nh ca Quy phm a tng (1994) c ban hnh, nn phin nm trn c t tn li l Ht. Ty Hn Ngh, cn tn Hn Ngh c gi li cho phn v cp lot bao gm hai h tng: Minh Ho v Ty Hn Ngh Initially, this geological body was described together with the underlying Minh Ho Limestone under the common name Hn Ngh Fm. (Bi Ph M, V Khc 1980). Recently, when publishing the H Tin - Ph Quc geological map sheet on 1:200.000 scale the limestone part was separated to form the Minh Ho Fm., and the upper shale part was described under the former name Hn

Ngh Fm.. That does not conform with the regulations of the Stratigraphic codex of Vit Nam (1994). Therefore, the shale part is renamed in this work as Ty Hn Ngh Fm.. As for the Hn Ngh name, it has been held back for an unit of higher level - a group including two formations: Minh Ho and Ty Hn Ngh ones. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/2000. Ty Trang (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun ? - evon sm Late Silurian ? - Early Devonian. 2. ovjikov A. E. v nnk. 1965 (Ty Chang: Permi Trias sm). 3. Ty Bc B (II.2); tnh Sn La, Lai Chu West Bc B (II.2); Sn La and Lai Chu provinces. 4. Dc ng t in Bin i o Ty Trang v theo ng mn ct ngang Pu Sung t bn Mc n bn Bng Along the road from in Bin town to Ty Trang pass, and along the tract crossing Pu Sung Mt. from Bn Mc to Bn Bng villages; x = 210 14', y = 1020 55'.

5. Phn di: a) phin st, bt kt, ct kt xen k ct kt nhiu khong, 400m; b) ch yu l phin st, phin silic, bt kt v nhng lp mng ct kt, kp gia c nhng lp phin cha pyrit, cng vi nhng lp mng vi st, 300m. Phn trn: c) ct kt dng quarzit v ct kt nhiu khong xen k vi cc lp mng bt kt v phin st, 250 350m; d) ct kt nhiu khong, bt kt v phin st xen k kiu nhp, khong 450m. Lower part: a) clay shale, siltstone, sandstone in intercalation with polymictic sandstone, 400m; b) clay shale, siliceous shale, siltstone and thin beds of sandstone, some interbeds of pyrite-bearing shale and clayish limestone, 300m. Upper part: c) quartzitic sandstone and polymictic sandstone, thin interbeds of siltstone and clay shale, 250 - 350m; d) rhythmic intercalation of polymictic sandstone, siltstone and clay shale, about 450m. 6. 1500 - 1700 m. 7. Strophomenida (b), Dacryoconarids (b). Ty bc o Ty Trang, ti b phi Nm Mc, trong lp bt kt tng ng vi tp (b) Northwest of Ty Trang pass, at the right bank of Nm Mc stream, in a band of siltstone corresponding to member (b): Erbenoceras cf. advolvens, Anetoceras sp., Nowakia cf. acuaria.

8. Ranh gii di khng quan st c, khng chnh hp (?) di trm tch Paleozoi thng Lower boundary not observed, unconformably underlying Upper Paleozoic formations. 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Hui Nh: Nguyn Vn Honh, trong Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984 (ng ngha) (?) Tn ca h tng ny trc y vit nhm chnh t l Ty Chang, nay hiu nh li l Ty Trang Hui Nh Fm.: Nguyn Vn Honh, in Nguyn Vn Honh, Phm Huy Thng 1984 (junior synonym) (?). The formation name was incorrectly spelled as Ty Chang, which is corrected here as Ty Trang. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thc B (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Hong Thi Sn v nnk 3. ng Bc B (I. 1); tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi v Lo Cai East Bc B (I. 1); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi and Lo Cai provinces.

4. Vng Thc B; x = 21o45, y = 105o02 Thc B area. 5. a) phin thch anh - hai mica xen phin mica, thu knh hoa v quarzit, 1100 m; b) quarzit, quarzit mica xen phin thch anh-mica, 330m. a) Quartz - two-mica schist interbedded with micaschist, marble lenses and quarzite, 1100 m; b) quarzite, mica quarzite interbedded with quartzmica schist, 30m. 6. >1400 m. 8. Cha r quan h di, chuyn tip ln hoa Ht. An Ph Lower boundary unknown, conformably underlying the An Ph Fm. 9. Bin nng; bin cht tng phin lc v epiotamphibolit Shallow marine; greenschist and epidoteamphibolitic facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng di ca lot Sng Chy Being the lower formation of the Sng Chy Group.. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 10/1998

 Thch Hn (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Phm Vn Hi, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); ng bng Qung Tr v mt s vng nam o Ngang North Trung B (II.2), Qung Tr plain and some areas in the south of o Ngang pass. 4. L khoan 424 An Ph (Triu Phong, Qung Tr) pha nam sng Thch Hn, cch thnh c Qung Tr 10km v pha ng bc. Hole No424 at An Ph (Triu Phong District, Qung Tr Province) situeted in the south of Thch Hn River, 10 km northeast of the Qung Tr old citadel. 5. a) Ct kt, 48m; b) ct kt b ri, 18,6m; c) ct ln st, 4,4m; d) st, 3m; e) st, ct, 13,8 m. a) Sandstone, 48m; b) sandstone feebly cemented, 18,6m; c) sand mixed with clay, 4,4m; d) clay, 3m; e) clay and sand, 13,8m. 6. 87.8 m. 7. Phc h BTPH vi 40,9% bo t, 11.5% Ht trn v 48.6% Ht kn Sporo - pollenic assemblage with 40.9% spores, 11.5% Pinophyta and 486% Magnoliophyta.

8. Cha r Unknown. 9. Tam gic chu Deltanic. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Thch Khon (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi Proterozoic. 2. Trn Xun Ton, 1969. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Ph Th v Ho Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Ph Th and Ho Bnh Provinces. 4. M felspat Thch Khon Thch Khon feldspar deposit; x = 2112, y = 10515. 5. a) phin hai mica c granat v isthen, thu knh amphibolit, >800 m; b) quarzit 20-50 m; c) phin hai mica, thu knh hoa, hoa tremolit, 1000 m; d) quarzit, 300 m; e) phin hai mica -granat-isthen-staurolit, quarzit, 400 m; f) quarzit mica, 600 m. a) Two-mica schist bearing garnet and disthene, lenses of amphibolite, >800 m; b) quartzite, 20-50

m; c) Two-mica schist, lenses of marble and tremolite marble, 1000m; d) quartzite, 300 m; e) two-mica - garnet-disthene-staurolite schist, interbeds of quartzite, 400 m; f) mica quartzite, 600 m. 6. > 3300 m 8. Cha r quan h di v trn Lower and upper boundaries unknown 9. Bin nng. Bin cht tng epiot - amphibolit Marine, shallow water. Epidote-amphibolite facies of metamorphism. 10. Phn v tng i c lp, ch phn b vng Thch Khon. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao (1981) xp vo Ht. Sinh Quyn. This formation is limitedly distributed in Thch Khon area. It was atributed to the Sinh Quyn Fm. by Trn c Lng and Nguyn Xun Bao (1981). 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 11/1998 Thch Yn (Lot, Group) 1. Permi mun - Trias sm Late Permian - Early Triassic. 2. V Khc, Trnh Th, L Tu, 1972.

5. Bao gm cc Ht. Cm Thu, Yn Duyt thuc Permi thng v Trm tch Ini, ip Vnh Lc thuc Trias h i Thanh Ho Including the Cm Thu, Yn Duyt Fms. of Late Permian age, and Induan Stage, Vnh Lc Suite of Early Triassic age in the Thanh Ho Structural Zone. 10. Khng hp thc, v s lin tc gia hai h Permi v Trias vng ny khng c xc nhn Invalid, because the continuity between the Permian and Triassic in the studied area has been regarded as uncertain. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Thi Bnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Holocen mun Late Holocene. 2. Hong Ngc K, 1978 3. ng Bc B (I.1); ng bng Bc B East Bc B (I.1); Bc B Plain. 4. L khoan LK14/204 ti x Khi Ngha, huyn Tin Lng, Hi Phng; x = 20o45, y = 106o33 Hole LK.14/204 at Khi Ngha Commune, Tin Lng District, Hi Phng City.

5. a) Bt, ct cha cc vn v Thn mm, 7.8m; b) bt st xm en, 7m; c) st, ct mu vng xen ct, bt mu nu g, 4.5m. a) Silt, sand bearing fragments of mollusc shells, 7,8m; b) black-gray clayish silt, 7m; c) yellow clay, sand intercalated with chocolate sand and silt, 4.5m. 6. 110.30 m. 7. Elphidium advenum (a), Ammonia beccarii (a), Spiroloculina luvida (a), Quinqueloculina seminulina (a). 9. Nhiu ngun gc: bin, sng-bin, gi-bin, binm ly v sng. Polygenic: marine, fluvio-marine, eolo-marine, marine-marshy and fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 12/1998 Thi Ninh (H tng, Formation) 1. Proterozoi. Proterozoic. 2. Phm nh Long, T Hong Tinh, 1969. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Ph Th

East Bc B (I.1); Tuyn Quang and Ph Th Provinces. 4. Trn ng Thi Ninh i H Lc, Tuyn Quang Ph Th On the road from Thi Ninh to H Lc; x = 21038, y = 105008. 5. phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit-granat, cc lp mng amphibolit Quartz-biotite-sillimanite-garnet schist, interbeds of amphibolite. 6. >1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn ca Ht. Ty Cc, tip xc kin to vi cc h tng khc Conformably overlying the Ty Cc Fm., but tectonically contacting with other formations. 9. Lc nguyn. Bin cht khu vc tng amphibolit Marine, terrigenous. Amphibolite facies of regional metamorphism. 10. L h tng trn ca phc h Sng Hng Being the upper formation of the Sng Hng Complex. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Thi Thu (H tng, Formation)

1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene 2. Hong Ngc K, 1978 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng (I.2), Bc B plain. 4. L khoan LK.20 Thi Thu (Thi Bnh), ti su 157,5 - 40,5m Hole Lk.20 Thi Thu (Thi Bnh Province), at the depth of 157.5 - 40.5m. 5. a) Si, ct thch anh, 3,4m; b) ct ln si, 13,7m; c) ct ln si v thu knh bt - st, 19,1m; d) bt, st xen thu knh st, 4,7m. a) Quartz granulte, sand, 3.4m; b) sand containing granule, 13.7m; c) sand mixed with granule and lenses of silty clay, 110.1m; d) silty clay with lenses of clay, 4.7m. 6. 40.9 m. 7. Phc h BTPH (Bo t: 39-47%, Ht trn: 0.5-1% v Ht kn: 53-61%), Ostracoda: Acrinocythereis exanthemata, Butonia sp, Echinocythereis bradyi, E. cf. aferaensis, Uroberis sp., Cytherella sp., Cytherelloidea latima. Sporo-pollenic assemblage (with 39-47% spores, 0.5-1% Pinophyta and 53-61% Magnoliophyta), Ostracoda; Acrinocythereis exanthemata, Butonia

sp, Echinocythereis bradyi, E. cf. aferaensis, Uroberis sp., Cytherella sp., Cytherelloidea latima. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Vnh Bo (N2) Unconformably upon the Vnh Bo Fm. (N2) 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Ht. Hi Dng (mt phn) Golovenok V.K, L Vn Chu, 1967 (ng ngha); Tng H Ni: Hong Ngc K v nnk, 1973 (ng ngha); Tng Sm Sn (vng Duyn Hi Bc B): Nguyn c Tm, 1976 (ng ngha). Hi Dng Fm. (part): Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chu, 1967 (synonym); H Ni Fm.: Hong Ngc K et al., 1973 (synonym); Sm Sn Fm. (in the coastal zone of Bc B): Nguyn c Tm, 1976 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Thanh Lng (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun Late Devonian. 2. Dng Xun Ho 1965 (Tng). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi (part.): Trn Tnh (trong Tng Duy Thanh v nnk. 1986)

Invalid. Synonym of Mc Bi Fm. (part.): Trn Tnh (in Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thn Sa (H tng, Formation) 1. Cambri mun - ? Orovic sm Late Cambrian - ? Early Ordovician. 2. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1964. 3. ng Bc B (I. 1); Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn v Cao Bng East Bc B (I. 1); Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn and Cao Bng provinces. 4. Theo sui Bn Chu, vng Thn Sa, Thi Nguyn. Hypostratotyp: theo ng t Bn Gic i Bng Ca, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng Along Bn Chu stream, Thn Sa area, Thi Nguyn province; x = 21o48'; y = 105o55'. Hypostratotype: Along the road from Bn Gic village to Bng Ca village, Trng Khnh district, Cao Bng province. 5. a) phin st dng sc xen k lun phin vi bt kt cha vi mu vng lc i khi mu nu , tm , trn mt lp c nhiu vy mica trng v vt giun b (Planolites), 400m; b) phin st, ct bt kt mu xm lc nht xen cc lp mu nu , tm

xen k u n cc lp vi st, ct kt thch anh cha cc vy nh muscovit, 800m; c) phin st phn lp mng xen k cc lp ct kt thch anh cha cc vy mica, 600m. a) Intercalation of stripped clay shale with yellowish-green, sometimes chocolate siltstone, with mica scales and worm trails (Planolites) on the bedding surface, 400m; b) clay shale, greenish-grey calcareous or chocolate, purple silty sandstone, intercalated regularly with clayish limestone, muscovite-bearing greenish-grey calcareous quartz sandstone, 800m; c) thin-bedded clay shale, interbeds of mica-bearing quartz sandstone, 600m. 6. 700 - 1800 - 2200 m. 7. Lotagnostus sp. (a), Agnostus sp. (a), A. cf. hedini (a), Olenidae (a), Damesella sp. (b). Ti mt ct Bn Gic - Bng Ca, trong tp trn cng (dy 240 - 260m) -- At Bn Gic - Bng Ca section, in the uppermost beds (240 - 260m thick) (V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk. 1990): Lotagnostus ? sp., Charchaqia sp., Hedinaspis sp., H. regalis, Paraolenus ? bongsonensis, Haniwa sp. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht M ng (V Khc & Bi Ph M 1990), khng chnh hp di trm tch evon h (lot Sng Cu) Conformably overlying the M ng Fm., and unconformably underlying Lower Devonian (Sng

Cu Group) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Thin Nhn (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gi nh Supposedly Triassic. 2. Mareichev A. (trong ovjikov A. v nnk, 1965). 10. Cc phin silic ny hin c xp vo Ht. La Kh tui Carbon sm da vo Radiolaria mi pht hin c gn y These beds of cherty shale have been attributed at present to the La Kh Fm. of Lower Carboniferous on the basis of recently found Radiolarians. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Th Lm (Lot, Group) 1. Jura sm-gia Early-Middle Jurassic. 2. Bourret R., 1925 (Srie). 3. Nam Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Nam South North Trung B; Qung Nam province.

5. Bao gm cc Ht. Bn C, Khe Rn v Hu Chnh Including Bn C, Khe Rn and Hu Chnh Fms. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Thng (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen trung Middle Miocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ip - Suite) 3. Ty Nam B (IV); trng Nam Cn Sn West Nam B (IV); Nam Cn Sn Depression. 4. L khoan Da-1X; b sung theo cc l khoan 12A-1X, 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X v Da 2X (trn thm lc a). Hole Da-1X; supplemented by data from holes No12-A-1X, 12-B-1X, 12-C-1X and Da 2X (on the continental shelf). 5. a) Ct kt, st kt; b) ct kt, st kt, bt kt, than la di. a) Sandstone, claystone; b) sandstone, claystone, siltstone, lignite. 6. 400-550 m. 7. Foraminifera: Globorotalia gaimardii, Gl. mayeri, Gl. fohsi, Globigerinoides trilobus, Orbulina universa, Ammonia, Elphidium, Amphistegina;

Nannoplankton: Discoaster, Sporomorpha: Florschuetzia trilobata, Fl. semilobata, Fl. levipoli (a,b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Da (N11). Conformably upon Da Fm. (N11). 9. Bin nng Shallow-marine. 10. Ht. Mng Cu: L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ng ngha). Mng Cu Fm.: L Vn C et al., 1985 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Th c (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene. 2. H Quang Hi v nnk, 1989 3. ng Nam B (III.2); Tp H Ch Minh, cc tnh Bnh Dng, Ty Ninh East Nam B (III.2); H Ch Minh City, Bnh Dng and Ty Ninh Provinces. 4. Vng Du Ting, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng Du Ting area, Bn Ct District, Bnh Dng Province; x = 1117, y = 10622.

5. a) Ct, cui, si nhiu thnh phn, c cui tectit mi trn, 4 m; b) ct, sn cha kaolin, 12m a) Polymictic sand, pebble, bearing rounded tektite fragments, 4m; b) sand, grit containing kaolin, 12 m. 6. 4-30 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to c hn v di Ht. C Chi (QIII) Unconformably lying upon older formations, and under C Chi Fm (QIII). 9. Sng Fluvial. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Thu ng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia-mun Middle-Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk., 1996. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV); Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan LK.22 th trn Thu ng, huyn Tn Thnh, tnh Long An; x = 1039, y = 10610 Hole LK.22 at Thu ng Small Town, Tn Thnh District, Long An Province.

5. a) Ct ln t si, cui, 52m; b) bt st gn kt chc, 12m. a) Sand mixed with a little pebble, 52m; b) well cemented clayey silt, 12m. 6. 25-70 m. 7. Pseudorotalia schroeteriana (a), Ps. equatoriana (a), Quinqueloculina sp. (a). 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Pleistocen h v/hoc khng chnh hp di trm tch Pleistocen thng Unconformably upon Lower Pleistocene sediments, and conformably/or not under Upper Pleistocene ones. 9. Sng-bin Fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Tin An (H tng, Formation) 1. Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Gia Lai.

Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Nam, Qung Ngi and Gia Lai Provinces. 4. Vng Tin An, huyn Tin Phc, Qung Nam; x = 15o25, y = 108o12 Tin An area, Tin Phc District, Qung Nam Province. 5. phin biotit- hai mica - silimanit, phin mica - graphit xen lp mng hoc thu knh amphibolit, hoa Biotite - two-mica - sillimanite schist, micagraphite schist, interbeds or lenses of amphibolite and marble. 6. 1000 m. 9. Bin; bin cht tng epiot-amphibolit Marine; epidote - amphibolite facies of regional metamorphissm. 10. H tng c phn ra vi tnh cht l h tng trn ca lot Khm c, nhng s phn chia ny cha c chp nhn rng ri. The Formation has been established as the upper part of the Khm c Group, but this subdivision has not been accepted widely yet. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 9/1999 Tin Hng (H tng, Formation)

1. Miocen mun Late Miocene. 2. Golovenok V.K., L Vn Chn (trong Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh), 1975 (ip - Suite) 3. Sng Hng (I.2); ng bng Bc B Sng Hng zone (I.2); Bc B plain. 4. L khoan 4 Tin Hng, Thi Bnh Hole No4 at Tin Hng District, Thi Bnh Province; x = 2034, y = 10618. 5. a) H xen k ca ct kt glauconit, ct bt kt phn lp, ct kt, st kt v than, 600-1000m; b) ct bt kt, st kt, ct kt, 1050-1150m; c) ct kt, bt kt gn kt yu, st kt v than nu, 260-552m. a) Intercalation of glauconite sandstone, bedded silty sandstone, sandstone, claystone and coal, 6001000m; b) silty sandstone, claystone, sandstone, 1050-1150m; c) feebly cemented sandstone, siltstone, claystone and brown coal, 260-552m. 6. 2850-3200 m. 7. Vt in l ca phc h Trapa - Acrostichum Oleandra v Thn mm bin nng (a) vt in l ca phc h Quercus cf. lobbii - Diospyros brachysepala; phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng (b), vt in l ca phc h Typha latissima Phragmites oeningensis; phc h BTPH phong ph v a dng (c).

imprints of leaves of Trapa-AcrostichumOleandra assemblage and shallow - marine molluscs (a); imprints of leaves of Quercus cf. lobbii - Diopyros brachysepala assemblage; abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage (b); inprints of leaves of Typha latissima - Phragmites oeningensis assemblage; abundant sporo-pollenic assemblage (c). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Ph C (N12) Conformably Ph C Fm. (N12). 9. Lc a Continental 10. Miocen: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977) (khng hp thc) Miocene: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (invalid) 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1998 Tin Giang (H tng, Formation) 1. Miocen trung Middle Miocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 (ip - Suite) 3. Ty Nam B (IV); trng Cu Long; gn C Lao Dung v c Sng Hu; x = 9o41, y = 106o16

West Nam B (IV); Cu Long basin, near C Lao Dung and the estuary of Hu River 4. L khoan Cu Long I, gn C Lao Dung v ca sng Hu; x = 9o41, y = 106o16 Hole Cu Long I, near C Lao Dung and the estuary of Hu River. 5. a) St kt; b) ct kt, bt kt, st kt, thu knh than nu a) Claystone; b) sandstone, siltstone, claystone, lenses of brown coal. 6. 800 - 85 m. 7. Trng l Rotaliidae (a); phc h BTPH Florschuetzia levipoli (b) Foraminifers of Rotaliidae (a); sporo-pollenic assemblage of Florschuetzia levipoli (b) 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Bch H (N11) Unconformably overlying the Bch H Fm. (N11) 9. Bin Marine. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Tiu Giao (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen Pliocene.

2. Trn nh Nhn, Trnh Dnh, 1975 (ip-Suite). 3. ng Bc B (I.1), huyn Honh B, Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1), Honh B District, Qung Ninh Province. 4. Vng Tiu Giao - Ging y Tiu Giao - Ging y area; x = 2059, y = 10658. 5. a) Bt kt, ct kt, 20m; b) xen k ca cui kt, sn kt, ct kt, 100-180m. a) Siltstone, sandstone, 20m; b) intercalation of conglomerate, gritstone and sandstone, 100-180m. 6. 100-200 m. 7. Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis (a), cc phc h sinh thi - tui thc vt: Quercus cf. neriifolia Acer trilobatum - Zelkova zelkovifolia, Phragmites oeningensis - Typha latissima, Fagus cf. stuxbergii - Phoebe pseudolanceolata (b). Viviparus cf. margaryaeformis (a), chronoecological vegetative assemblages: Quercus cf. neriifolia - Acer trilobatum - Zelkova zelkovifolia, Phragmites oeningensis - Typha latissima, Fagus cf. stuxbergii - Phoebe pseudolanceolata (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. ng Ho (N13) Conformably upon the ng Ho Fm. (N13) 9. Lc a

Continental. 10. H Neogen (mt phn), ovjikov A.E. v nnk. 1965 (khng hp l); ip Rinh Cha: Trn nh Nhn (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk.) 1977 (ng ngha); ip ng Ho (mt phn): Phm Vn Quang v nnk. 1969 (ng ngha); ip ng Ho (mt phn): Hong Ngc K v nnk. 1979 (ng ngha); Ht. Rinh Cha: Trnh Dnh (trong Phan C Tin v nnk. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk, 1989) (ng ngha) Neogene (part.): Dovzhikov A.E. et al. 1965 (invalid); Rinh Cha Suite: Trn nh Nhn (in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977) (synonym); ng Ho Suite (part.): Phm Vn Quang et al. 1969 (synonym); ng Ho Suite (part.): Hong Ngc K et al. 1979 (synonym); Rinh Cha Fm: Trnh Dnh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al., 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1998 Tng B (Lot, Group) 1. Paleozoi sm Early Paleozoic. 2. T Hong Tinh 1970.

5. Gm cc Ht. (ip) Bn Kn, Bn Mo, Tam Sn, Sng Thn Composed of Bn Kn, Bn Mo, Tam Sn and Sng Thn Fms. (Suites). 10. Lot Tng B v cc h tng (ip) thnh phn m t khng ng quy cch, nn sau c xp vo cc Ht. Khao Lc, Pia Phng v Bn Thng The Tng B Group and its formations (suites) were incorrectly described, and then attributed to Khao Lc, Pia Phng and Bn Thng Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tc Tt (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen - ? Carbon sm, Turnai Late Devonian, Famennian - ? Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian. 2. Phm nh Long 1975. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Cao Bng, H Giang East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng and H Giang provinces. 4. T Bn Ngn theo ng t qua khu m Tc Tt v pha nh cao 100, Trng Khnh, Cao Bng. Hypostratotyp: Bng Ca - bn Kha Khoang, H Lang

From Bn Ngn village along the track crossing Tc Tt Mine to the height 100, Trng khnh district, Cao Bng province; x = 22o49'; y = 106o23'. Hypostratotype: from Bng Ca village to Kha Khoang village, H Lang district, Cao Bng province. 5. a) vi dng di phn lp rt mng, c mu sc sc s: tm , nu , xm lc, xen nhiu lp phin st silic c vi v vi st, 30 - 50m; b) vi dng di xen cc lp vi st hoc st vi c silic, 80m; c) vi xen k tha tht cc lp mng vi st, 80m; d) di cng l va qung mangan dy 0,1 - 1,70m, chuyn ln vi hi b ti kt tinh, 70m. a) Variegated, red-violet, chocolate, green-grey, very thin-bedded and stripped limestone, interbeds of calcaro-siliceous shale and clayish limestone, 30-50m; b) stripped limestone, interbeds of clayish limestone and cherty marl, 80m; c) limestone, sparse interbeds of clayish limestone, 80m; d) manganese ore-bearing beds of 0.10 - 1.70m in thickness, grading upward to weakly crystallized limestone, 70m. 6. 160 - 290 m. 7. Palmatolepis glabra pectinata (a), P. quadrantinodosa (a), P. minuta minuta (a, c), P. minuta schleizia (a, c, d), Archaesphaera sp. (c),

Bisphaera sp. (c), Archaesphaera ex gr. minima (c), A. ex gr. grandis (c), Quasiendothyra ex gr. communis (c), Palmatolepis glabra glabra (c), P. gracilis gracilis (c, d), P. perlobata perlobata (c, d), Ligonodina monodentata (c, d), Polygnathus styriacus (c, d), P. granulosus (c, d), Diplododella aurita (c, d), Hindeodella subtilis (c, d), Icriodus alternatus (c, d), Spathognathodus trigosus (c, d). mt ct Bng Ca, trong vi mu xm en nm st ngay di va qung mangan (tng ng tp c) -- At Bng Ca section, in the dark grey limestone underlying manganese ore seam (corresponging to c): Plicatifera aff. nigerina, Donella aff. minima, Camarotoechia aff. baitalensis, Overtonia sp., Cyrtospirifer sp., Barroisella sp... 8. Chnh hp trn Ht H Lang (D2 gv hl) v di Ht Lng Nm (C1 ln) Conformably overlying the H Lang Fm. and underlying the Lng Nm Fm. (C1 ln) 9. Bin Marine. 10. Srie M P Ln: Deprat J. 1915 (ng ngha); vi vn (sc di): Bourret R. 1922 (tn li thi)

Srie of Ma-pi-leun Srie: Deprat J 1915 (synonym); "Calcaires griottes": Bourret R. 1922 (old term). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Tr C (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen Oligocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); ng bng Nam B West Nam B (IV), Nam B Plain. 4. L khoan Cu Long I, gn C Lao Dung v ca sng Hu; x= 941, y = 10616 Hole Cu Long I, near C Lao Dung and estuary of Hu River. 5. Cui kt a khong chuyn ln ct kt xen ct bt kt, bt kt v st kt Polymictic conglomerate grading upward to sandstone intercalated with silty sandstone, siltstone and claystone. 6. 250 m. 7. Phc h BTPH Florchuetzia semilobata - Fl. trilobata. Cc dng gp phong ph: Fl. semilobata, Fl. trilobata, Verrucatosporites usmensis,

Cyatheacidites sp., Disporites sp., Pinus sp., Sequoiapollenites sp., Trudopollis sp., Rettitricolporites sp., Subtriaporopollenites sp., Taxodium sp., v.v.., vng mt: Bombacidites sp. v Diplosporites sp. Sporo-pollenic assemblage of Florschuetzia semilobata - Fl. trilobata. Abundant taxa: Fl. semilobata, Fl. trilobata, Verrucatosporites usmensis, Cyatheacidites sp., Disporites sp., Pinus sp., Sequoiapollenites sp., Trudopollis sp., Rettitricolporites sp., Subtriaporopollenites sp., Taxodium sp., etc., absent: Bombacidites sp. and Diplosporites sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. C Lao Dung tui Eocen Unconformably upon the Eocene C Lao Dung Fm.. 9. Lc a Continental. 10. ip Tr Tn: L Vn C v nnk 1985 (ng ngha) Tr Tn Suite: L Vn C et al. 1985 (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 7/1999 Tr Tn (H tng, Formation) 1. Oligocen mun

Late Oligocene 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 10. Hin xp vo Ht. Tr C (Oligocen) do khng khc bit v a tng v c sinh Attributed at present to the Tr C Fm. (Oligocene) by the undifferentiated stratigraphic and paleontological characteristics. 11. Trnh Dnh, (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Tri Su (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia Middle Triassic. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1973. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. N Khut Synonym of N Khut Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Trng Knh (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Givet Middle Devonian, Givetian. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh Hi Dng, Hi Phng v Qung Ninh

East Bc B (I.1); Hi Dng, Hi Phng and Qung Ninh provinces. 4. T Hong Thch qua ni Han n b sng Kinh Thy, vng Kinh Mn, Hi Dng From Hong Thch townlet crossing Han Mt. to the Kinh Thy river, Kinh Mn district, Hi Dng province; x = 21o01'; y = 106o35' 40. 5. a) phin st vi, vi hu c dng trng c, ti kt tinh, 70 - 80m; b) vi trng c, cha di tch hu c, 50m; c) phin silic xen vi, 70 150m; d) vi st, cu to trng c cha di tch hu c xen k cc lp mng phin st, 30 - 40m; e) vi ht mn, i khi b olomit ha, cha nhiu di tch hu c, cu to trng c, 200m a) Marlaceous shale, recrystallized, oolite-like organic limestone, 70 - 80m; b) oolite-like limestone bearing abundant fossils, 50m; c) cherty shale, some interbeds of limestone, 70 - 150m; d) oolitic, clayish limestone, thin interbeds of clay shale, 30 - 40m; e) oolitic, locally dolomitized, pelitomorphic limestone bearing organic matter, 200m. 6. 420 - 490 m. 7. Stringocephalus burtini (a), Amphipora ramosa (a, d-e). Trong phn trn ca h tng, tng ng vi tp (d) v (e) -- From upper part of the formation, corresponding to (d) and (e), following

fossils were also gathered (Tng Duy Thanh et al. 1986): Amphipora angusta, A. cf. laxeperforata, Stachyodes insignis, Stromatopora concentrica, Thamnopora nicholsoni, T. polygonalis, T. polytrematiformis, Trachypora dubatolovi, Alveolites admirabilis, Crassialveolites crassus, C. macrotrematus, Caliapora battersbyi, C. robusta, Scoliopora denticulata, Coenites fascicularis, C. simplex, Syringopora eifelensesis, Heliolites porosus, Chaetetes (Litophyllum) inflatus, Pachytheca sp., Stringophyllum (Sociophyllum) sp.. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Dng ng (D1-2 dd) v di Ht Con Voi (D3-C1 cv) Conformably overlying the Dng ng Fm. (D1-2 dd), conformably underlying the Con Voi Fm. (D3 C1 cv). 9. Bin Marine. 10. Ht. Trng Knh c coi l mt h tng thnh phn ca lot Bn Pp. ip (Ht.) L Sn: Phm Vn Quang 1971 (ng ngha) The Trng Knh Fm. has been treated as a component of the Bn Pp Group. Junior synonym: L Sn Suite (Fm.): Phm Vn Quang 1971. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

 Trng Bom (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. H Quang Hi v nnk., 1989 3. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); tnh ng Nai South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai Province. 4. T Trng Bom qua Long Thnh n Thi Thin From Trng Bom through Long Thnh to Thi Thin. 5. a) Ct ht th, st kaolin trng, thu knh cui si thch anh, 2,5m; b) ct, bt, st kaolin, 1m; c) ct, 0,5m a) Coarse sand, white kaolin, lenses of quartz gravel, 2,5m; b) sand, silt, kaolin clay, 1m; c) sand, 0,5m 6. 4 m. 7. c) Ammonia japonica, Asterorotalia pulchella, Trochammina sp., Cyathea sp., Gleichenia sp., Osmunda sp., Acrostichum sp. 8. Khng chnh hp trn trm tch Jura v di bazan Xun Lc (QII) Unconformably lying upon Jurassic sediments and under Xun Lc Basalt (QII)

9. Sng - bin Fluvio - marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Trm tch mu - Red Beds 1. Mesozoi Mesozoic. 2. Lantenois H., 1907 (Terrains rouges). 10. Khng hp thc. Hin nay trm tch mu di c m t l Ht. Mu Sn, cn trm tch mu trn c m t l cc h tng mu lc a Jura Creta phn b rng ri cc min khc nhau trn lnh th Vit Nam Invalid. Lower Red Beds have been described at present as Mu Sn Fm., whilst Upper Red Beds - as different Jurassic - Cretaceous red continental formations largely distributed in many regions on the territory of Vit Nam. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Tr An ( phin, Shale) 1. Jura sm Early Jurassic. 2. Mansuy, 1914 (Schiste de Trian).

10. ng ngha ca Ht. c Krng Synonym of c Krng Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Trung Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Phm Vn Quang 1973. 10. Khng hp thc. Xem cc Ht. Nm Pa v Bn Ngun Invalid. See Nm Pa and Bn Ngun Fms. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 T L (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta Cretaceous. 2. Phm c Lng (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977). 10. ng ngha vi Ht. Ngi Thia Synonym of Ngi Thia Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998

 T L (Lot, Group) 1. Jura - Creta Jurassic - Cretaceous. 2. Bi Ph M (trong V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk, 1989). 5. Bao gm 2 h tng: Vn Chn v Ngi Thia Including 2 formations, namely: Vn Chn and Ngi Thia. 10. Khng hp thc v dng li mt tn gi ng ngha (ch ng vi Ht. Ngi Thia) b loi b Invalid by reusing an eliminated synonym (corresponding to only the Ngi Thia Fm.). 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 T Loan (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Quang Trung v nnk., 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Bnh North of Trung B; Qung Bnh Province. 4. L khoan LK.6 T Loan, Qung Trch, Qung Bnh; x = 1746, y = 10625 Hole LK.6 at T Loan, Qung Trch District, Qung Bnh.

5. a) Bt ct, st, b) laterit, 0.5-1m a) Sandy silt, clay; b) laterite, 0.5-1m. 6. 12-13 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. L Ninh (QI-II) v khng chnh hp di trm tch Holocen Conformably upon L Ninh Fm (QI-II) and unconformably under Holocene formations. 9. Sng-l Fluvio-proluvial 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Tc Trng (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen - Pleistocen Pliocene - Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn Ngc Hoa v nnk, 1991. 10. c coi l cc lp xen k trong cc Ht. Kon Tum (N2) v Di Linh (N) do v tr a tng v c im thch ho ca cc bazan Considered as interbeds of the Kon Tum (N2) and Di Linh (N) Fms. based on their stratigraphic position and petrochemical characteristic of basalts. 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999

 Tuy Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen sm, phn mun Late Early Pleistocene. 2. Trn Tnh, V Vn Vnh, 1997. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); ng bng Ph Yn Central Trung B (III.1); Ph Yn Plain. 4. L khoan TH.2 thn ng Tc, x Ph Lm, huyn Tuy Ho, tnh Ph Yn; x = 1304, y = 10920 Hole No. TH.2 at ng Tc village, Ph Lm Commune, Tuy Ho District, Ph Yn Province. 5. a) Si cui, ct sn, xen st bt, 4.3m; b) st bt xm, xen ct trng mn, 12.2m; c) st xm en, st than cha vn thc vt, v sinh vt, 9m; d) st xm xanh, 4m. a) Pebble, granule, sand intercalated with silty clay, 4.3m; b) gray silty clay intercalated with white fine sand, 12.2m; c) dark-gray clay, coaly clay bearing fragments of plant and shell, 9m; d) green-gray clay, 4m. 6. 29,5 m. 7. c) Nonion grateloupi, Rotalia japonica, Elphidium craticulatum, E. jenseni, Gyroidina nipponica, Rotalia tochisiensis, R. ozawai, Bolivina striatula, Bucella frigida, Quinqueloculina seminula.

8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 4/1998 Tuyn Quang (H tng, Formation) 1. Pliocen sm Early Pliocene. 2. Trnh Dnh, 1979 3. Sng Hng (I.2); cc tnh Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi v Ph Th Sng Hng (I.2); Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi and Ph Th Provinces. 4. B phi Sng L th x Tuyn Quang. B sung Thanh Ba, V n (Ph Th) v th x Yn Bi Right bank of L River in Tuyn Quang Town; x = 2149, y = 10512. Supplementary sections at Thanh Ba, V n areas (Ph Th Province) and Yn Bi Town. 5. a) Ct kt thch anh ht nh, bt kt, 20-50m (di Sng Hng) n 30-200m (di Sng L - Sng Chy); b) bt kt, st v mt vi lp sn kt, 25-

80m (di Sng L - Sng Chy) n 100-150m (di Sng Hng) a) Fine quartz sandstone, siltstone, 20-50m (Sng Hng band) to 30-200m (Sng L - Sng Chy band); b) siltstone, clay shale and some beds of gritstone, 25-80m (Sng L - Sng Chy band) to 100-150m (Sng Hng band). 6. 300-320 m. 7. Vt in l thuc cc phc h Quercus bonnieri Carpinus subcordata ( Tuyn Quang v Lc Yn Ph Rng), Q. bonnieri - Phoebe pseudolanceolata ( Phan Lng v Yn Bi), Q. cf. gilva - Q. lantenoisi ( Ph Th), cng vi Viviparus cf. quadratus, Tulotoma sp. (a); vt in l thuc phc h Arundo protospeciosa ( Yn Bi), Carpinus subcordata ( Sng L), v Machilus cf. nathorsti Phoebe pseudolanceota ( Sng Hng). Imprints of leaves from the Quercus bonnieri Carpinus subcordata assemblage (at Tuyn Quang and Lc Yn - Ph Rng), Q. bonnieri - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblage (at Phan Lng, Yn Bi), Q. cf. gilva - Q. lantenoisi assemblage (at Ph Th); Viviparus cf. quadratus, Tulotoma (a); Imprints of leaves of Arundo protospeciosa assemblage (at Yn Bi), GlyptostrobusMetasequoia assemblage (at Ph Th), Carpinus subcordata assemblage (at Sng L), Machilus cf.

nathorsti - Phoebe pseudolanceolata assemblage (at Sng Hng). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht. Phan Lng (N13) v C Phc (N13) Conformably upon the Phan Lng and C Phc Fms. (N13). 9. Lc a Continental. 10. Tng Phan Lng (mt phn): Phm nh Long v nnk. 1975 (ng ngha); Miocen: Trn nh Nhn trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1977 (khng hp thc); Ht. Na Dng (mt phn): Trnh Dnh trong Phan C Tin v nnk., 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M v nnk., 1989) (ng ngha) Phan Lng Fm. (part.): Phm nh Long et al. 1975; Miocene (part.): Trn nh Nhn in Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977 (invalid); Na Dng Fm. (part.): Trinh Dzanh (in Phan C Tin et al. 1989; V Khc, Bi Ph M et al. 1989) (synonym). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 01/1999

x.

 Xa Lam C (H tng, Formation) 1. Arkei Archean. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1993. 3. Trung Trung B (III.1); tnh Qung Ngi, Gia Lai, Bnh nh Middle Trung B (III.1); Qung Ngi, Gia Lai and Bnh nh Provinces. 4. Dc thung lng sng Ba, gn lng Xa Lam C Along the Ba River valley, near Xa Lam C Village; x = 13051, y = 108o30. 5. a) phin plagioclas-biotit-pyroxen, lp mng gneis, plagiogneis hai pyroxen, >500 m; b) phin thch anh -biotit-silimanit-granat-corierit, >500 m a) Plagioclase-biotite-pyroxene schist, interbeds of two-pyroxene plagiogneiss and gneiss, >500 m; b) quartz-biotite-sillimanite-garnet-cordierite schist, >500 m. 6. > 1000 m. 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Kon Cot v chuyn tip ln Ht. k L Conformably overlying the Kon Cot Fm. and underlying the k L Fm. 9. Bin. Bin cht tng granulit Marine. Granulite facies of metamorphism.

10. L mt h tng ca phc h Kan Nack Being a formation of the Kan Nack Complex. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Xa Lon (H tng, Formation) 1. Jura mun Late Jurassic. 2. Trng Cng ng. 3. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh An Giang West Nam B (IV); An Giang Province. 4. Ni Xa Lon, vng By Ni, huyn Tri Tn Xa Lon Mt, By Ni area, Tri Tn District; x = 1023, y = 10456. 5. a) Cui kt, 100m; b) tuf anesit, 150 m; c) anesit, anesitobazan, t felsit v ryolit, 700 m a) Conglomerate, 100 m; b) andesitic tuff, 150 m; c) andesite, andesitobasalt, a little felsite and rhyolite, 700 m. 6. 950 m. 9. Lc a, ngun ni la Continental, volcanogenic. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999

 X Bng Hing (H tng, Formation) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng, Nguyn nh Hng, Nguyn c Khoa 1985. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh Qung Tr North Trung B (II.2); Qung Tr province. 4. B tri sng X Bng Hing, on chy qua bn C Bai, huyn Hng Ha Right bank of X Bng Hing river, the section running through C Bai village, Hng Ha district, Qung Tr province; x = 16o53'; y = 106o32'. 5. a) vi xm sng phn di, 100 - 200m; b) vi xm en phn lp dy xen cc lp st vi mng, 50m; c) vi mu xm en phn lp dy, ti kt tinh, 100m. a) Light-grey, stripped limestone, 100 - 200m; b) thick-bedded dark-grey limestone, thin marl interbeds, 50m; c) thick- bedded dark-grey, recrystallized limestone, 100m. 6. 200 - 350 m. 7. Yunnanellina hansburyi (a), Y. aff. triplicata (a), Uralinella sp. (a, b), Parathurammina sp. (b),

Bisphaera sp. (b), Septaglomospiranella aff. S. rauserae (b). 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Tn Lm (D2 gv-D3 tl) ranh gii trn khng quan st c Conformably overlying the Tn Lm Fm. (D2 gv D3 tl), upper boundary not observed. 9. Bin Marine. 10. H tng gia thuc lot M c: Nguyn Hu Hng v nnk. 1995 Middle formation of the M c Group: Nguyn Hu Hng et al. 1995. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998 Xm Con Giu (Srie) 1. evon gia - mun Middle - Late Devonian. 2. Fromaget J. 1927 (Srie de Xom Con Giau). 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mc Bi (part.): Trn Tnh 1979 Invalid. Synonym of Mc Bi Fm. (part.): Trn Tnh 1979 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998

 Xm Nha (H tng, Formation ) 1. evon mun, Frasni - Famen Late Devonian, Frasnian - Famennian. 2. Nguyn Hu Hng (trong V Khc v nnk. 1984). 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh North Trung B (II.2); H Tnh and Qung Bnh provinces. 4. Mt ct Xm Nha, Quy t, Qung Bnh Section through Xm Nha Mt., Quy t area, Qung Bnh province; x = 17o48'; y = 105o57'. 5. a) vi xm sng, 70m; b) vi xm en, 10m; c) vi xm sng, pha trn phn lp mng, 120m. a) Light-grey limestone, 70m; b) dark-grey limestone, 10m; c) light-grey, thin- bedded limestone in the upper part, 120m. 6. 200 m. 7. a) Stachyodes costulata, S. angulata, S. paralelloporoides, Scoliopora aff. denticulata, Alveolites sp., Thamnopora sp., b) Polygnathus cf. procerus, P. cf. brevilamina, Palmatolepis triangularis, Icriodus alternatus, Hindeodella brevis, H. subtilis, Diplododella sp., Ligonodina sp., c) Palmatolepis glabra glabra, P. glabra elongata, P. distorta, P. minuta, P.

quadrantinodosa, Polygnathus sp., H. cf. brevis, Nothognathella sp., Acodina sp., Ozarkodina sp., 8. Chnh hp trn Ht Mc Bi v di Ht Cao Qung Conformably overlying the Mc Bi Fm. and underlying the Cao Qung Fm. 9. Bin Marine. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Xun i (Lot, Group) 1. Paleoproterozoi Paleoproterozoic. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Ho Bnh, Yn Bi, Lo Cai West Bc B (I.3); Ha Bnh, Yn Bi and Lo Cai Provinces. 5. Bao gm cc Ht. Sui Ching v Sinh Quyn Including Sui Ching and Sinh Quyn Fms. 11. Trn Tt Thng. 12. 12/1998 Xun Ho (H tng, Formation) 1. Eocen

Eocene. 2. L Vn C v nnk, 1985. 10. Hin c xp vo HT. Ph Tin (Eocen: Trnh Dnh 1985) v Ht. Tin Hng (Miocen thng: Trnh Dnh 1985) Attributed at present to Ph Tin Fm. (Eocene: Trnh Dnh 1985) and Tin Hng Fm. (Upper Miocene: Trnh Dnh 1985). 11. Trnh Dnh (Trinh Dzanh). 12. 9/1999 Xun Lc (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen gia Middle Pleistocene. 2. Nguyn c Thng v nnk., 1999. 3. ng Nam B (III.2); cc tnh ng Nai, Lm ng, Bnh Thun East Nam B (III.2); ng Nai, Lm ng and Bnh Thun Provinces. 4. Gn th trn Xun Lc, ng Nai Near Xun Lc Townlet, ng Nai Province; x = 1055, y = 10715. 5. a) Bazan olivin c xt c xen bazan l hng, 35m; b) bazan olerit, bazan olivin xen tuf, 45-50m; c) bazan olivin, bazan olivin kim, kim, 51m

a) Dense olivine basalt intercalated with porous basalt, 35m; b) dolerite basalt, olivine basalt, interbeds of tuff, 45-50m; c) olivine basalt, alkaline, subalkaline olivine basalt, 51m. 6. 100-150 m. 8. Khng chnh hp trn Ht. Di Linh hoc trc Kainozoi, v di thm sng Pleistocen trungthng Unconformably upon Di Linh Fm. or PreCenozoic sediments, and under Middle-Upper Pleistocene river terrace. 9. Ni la Volcanic. 11. Phm Vn Hng. 12. 10/1998 Xun Sn (H tng, Formation) 1. Silur mun Late Silurian. 2. Hong Ngc K, H Trng T 1978 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Kin An Junior synonym of the Kin An Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 8/1998

y.
Yn Bnh (H tng, Formation) 1. Trias gia, Anisi Middle Triassic, Anisian. 2. Nguyn Vn Honh. 3. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang. East Bc B (I.1); H Giang province. 4. Vng Yn Bnh Yn Bnh area; x = 2225, y = 10438. 5. a) Cui kt c s, sn kt, ct kt, lp kp bt kt, 70m; b) bt kt, 40m; c) ct kt, lp kp bt kt v cui kt, 230m a) Basal conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, interbeds of siltstone, 70m; b) siltstone, 40m; c) sandstone, interbeds of siltstone and conglomerate, 230m. 6. 230 - 340 m. 7. Acrochordiceras cf. fischeri (c). 8. Khng chnh hp trn c Unconformably covering old rocks. 9. Bin

Marine. 10. Cc thng Trias trung-thng: Vaxilevxkaia (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp thc); ip Sng Hin: Trnh Th (trong Trn Vn Tr v nnk 1977) (ng ngha) Middle-Upper Triassic Series: Vasilevskaya (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid); Sng Hin Suite: Trnh Th (in Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977) (synonym). 11. V Khc. 12. 11/1998 Yn Chu (H tng, Formation) 1. Creta mun Late Cretaceous. 2. Nguyn Xun Bao, 1969 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ho West Bc B (I.3); Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh and Thanh Ho provinces. 4. ng ni t Pa H i Pu Sam Cp Earth road from Pa H to Pu Sam Cp; x = 2103 , y = 10418. 5. a) Cui kt, sn kt, ct kt thch anh, 100-200 m; b) cui kt, ct kt, bt kt, st kt xm, 100-120 m; c) cui kt, ct kt, st kt nu , 150-180 m; d)

ct kt, bt kt, st kt nu , thch cao, 160-190 m; e) st kt, bt kt, lp kp ct kt, t cui kt, 150-200 m; f) cui kt vi, 200-400 m a) Conglomerate, gritstone, quartz sandstone, 100200 m; b) conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, grey claystone, 100-120 m; c) conglomerate, sandstone, chocolate claystone, 150-180 m; d) sandstone, siltstone, chocolate claystone, gypsum, 160-190 m; e) claystone, siltstone, interbeds of sandstone and some conglomerate, 150-200 m; f) calcareous conglomerate with limestone pebbles, 200-400 m. 6. 850 - 1300 m. 7. Unio sp. aff. U. grabaui (b); Ulmus sp. (b,c); Zelkova sp. (b), Arundo sp.(b), Gyraulus sp. (b), Arundo sp. (c), Betula cf. cuspidens (c), Laurus cf. similis (c). 8. Ph khng chnh hp cc trm tch Paleozoi v Trias, nm khng chnh hp di Ht. Pu Tra tui Paleogen Unconformably lying upon Paleozoic and Triassic sediments, unconformably under Palegene Pu Tra Fm. 9. Lc a mu Red continental. 10. Inosinias thng: Fromaget 1934 (khng hp l); Ct kt thng: Jacob v Dussault 1924 (khng

hp l); Trm tch mu Creta: ovjikov v Bi Ph M (trong ovjikov v nnk 1965) (khng hp l) Upper Indosinias: Fromaget 1934 (invalid); Upper Sandstone: Jacob & Dussault 1924 (invalid); Cretaceous Red Beds: Dovzhikov & Bi Ph M (in Dovzhikov et al 1965) (invalid). 11. V Khc. 12. 10/1998 Yn Duyt (H tng, Formation) 1. Permi mun Late Permian. 2. Phan C Tin 1977. 3. Ty Bc B (I.3); tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha, Ha Bnh West Bc B (I.3); Sn La, Thanh Ha, Ha Bnh provinces. 4. Dc ng t t Xm Bi (Thin Linh) n nng trng Phc Do (cch m Yn Duyt v pha ng nam khong 4km) v qua l khoan 2 thm d than m Yn Duyt, Thanh Ha Along the road from Xm Bi village to Phc Do farm (about 4km southeast of Yn Duyt Mine), x = 200 09', y = 1050 33'; it is supplemented by the

drilling material from the borholes N.2 at Yn Duyt Mine, Thanh Ha province. 5. a) phin st, phin silic, 16m, phn di gp mt va mng qung st sialic, phn trn c va than antracit dy t 2 - 3 n vi chc cm, c ni dy 2 - 3m; b) phin silic, phin vi, 20m; c) vi silic, 20m; d) phin vi xen k phin st, 10m. a) Clay shale, cherty shale, thin ferrosialite seam in the lower part and anthracite seams of 2 - 3cm to some tens centimetres, in the upper part, 16m; b) cherty shale, calcareous shale, 20m; c) cherty limestone, 20m; d) calcareous shale, interbeds of clay shale, 10m. 6. 70 - 100 m. 7. a) Chonetipustula, Productus, Chonetes, Dielasma, Aviculopecten, Oldhamina, Andersonoceras, Pseudotirolites, Gigantopteris, Pterophyllum, b) Leptodus ex gr. nobilis, Schellwienella, Neophricodothyris asiatica, Squamularia, c) Colaniella, Frondicularia, Nankinella. 8. Chnh hp trn HT Cm Thu (P2) v khng chnh hp di cc Ht Vin Nam v C Ni (T1) Conformably lying upon Cm Thu Fm. (P2), unconformably under Vin Nam and C Ni Fms (T1)

9. lc a cha than Coal-bearing subcontinental 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Yn Khnh (Tng, Formation) 1. Carbon gia Middle Carboniferous. 2. Nguyn Quang Hp 1967. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Mi (= Bc Sn) (mt phn) Invalid. Synonym of Mi (= Bc Sn) Fm. (part.). 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa. 12. 12/1998 Yn Lc (H lp, Unifying Beds) 1. evon gia, Eifel Middle Devonian, Eifelian. 2. Bourret R. 1922: (Schistes de Yn Lac); Tng Dzuy Thanh 1965 (H lp Yn Lc -- Yn Lc Unifying Beds). 10. Xem Ht. Mia L Invalid. See Mia L Fm. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 12/1998 Yn M (H tng, Formation) 1. Pleistocen mun Late Pleistocene. 2. Trn Tnh v nnk, 1996. 3. Bc Trung B (II.2); cc tnh Ngh An v H Tnh North Trung B (II.2); Ngh An and H Tnh Provinces. 4. L khoan LK.110 Linh Cm, Yn M, H Tnh Hole LK.110 at Linh Cm, Yn M district, H Tnh; x = 1832, y = 10510. 5. a) Si, sn, ct; b) st bt laterit ho loang l a) Granule, grit, sand; b) lateritized variegated silty clay. 6. 5-30 m. 8. Khng r Unknown. 9. Bin, sng-bin Marine, fluvio-marine. 11. Phm Vn Hng 12. 10/1998 Yn T (ip, Suite)

1. Trias mun, Carni-Nori Late Triassic, Carnian-Norian. 2. Phm Vn Quang, 1969 10. ng ngha ca Ht. Hn Gai; tuy mt ct vng ni Yn T gm nhiu trm tch ht mn hn, nhng tnh cha than phn gia mt ct v ho thch thc vt thu thp m than Vng Danh gip xp nh trn. Synonym of Hn Gai Fm.; although the section distributed in the Yn T mountainous area is composed of finer sediments, but the coal-bearing character of its middle part, and the flora fossils collected in the Vng Danh coal mine allow to refer it to the Hn Gai Fm. 11. V Khc. 12. 2/1999 Yunnanellina (H lp, Beds) 1. evon mun, Famen Late Devonian, Famennian. 2. Tng Dzuy Thanh v nnk. 1986. 10. ng ngha ca Ht. X Bng Hing Syonym of X Bng Hing Fm.: Nguyn Hu Hng et al. 1985. 11. Tng Duy Thanh, Nguyn c Khoa.

12. 12/1998

CHNG III. KIN TO - TECTONICS A Vng Long i (i a mng thc un np, Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone) Ailaoshan Sng Hng (i xit trt, Shear Zone) An Chu (Vng rift ni lc, Intracontinental Rift Depression) An Chu (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) An Kh (Rift ni lc, Intracontinental Rift) Annamia (Khi, Block) Bch Long V (Trng kin to H Ni Trng chng Kainozoi, Cenozoic Superimposed Depression) H Ni - Vnh Bc B (Trng ngun rift, Riftogenous Depression) H Tin (i cu trc, Structural Zone) H Lang (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Hi Nam (i to ni tn kin to lp li, Neotectonic Repeated Orogenic Zone) Hi Nam - Eo bin Suna -Hainan - Sunda strait (i t gy - ng Ph Ng (Vng paleorift, Paleorift Depression) Ph Quc (i trng ra craton, Depression in Cratonic Margin Zone) P K (i khu, Suture) Pu Si Lung (i a mng ven un np, Miogeosync linal Fold Zone) Ro C (Khi, Block) Ro Ny (i t gy ra,

Kainozoi, Cenozoic Tectonic Depression) Bi C Rong Reed Bank (Khi v lc a, Continental Crust Block) Bn n (i phc vng, Syclinorium Zone) Bn Rn (i khu ophiolit, Ophiolite Suture Zone) Bc B (Min un np, Fold belt) Bc B (Trng, Depression) Bc B Dng T Katazia -- Bc B - Yangtze Cathaysia (Lnh

khu xuyn khu vc, Transregional Suture - fault Zone) Hm Rng (Khi tiu lc a, Microcontinenta l Block) Hong Lin Sn (i tri chm, Obduction Zone) Hong Sa Paracel (Khi ln chm c v lc a Paleozoi, Subsided Block of Paleozoic Continental Crust) Honh Sn (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Hn Gai (a ho Mesozoi chng cha than, Mesozoic Coal-bearing Superimposed Graben) Hn Gai - H

Marginal Fault Zone) Rovieng k Lin (i a mng trung un np, Mesogeosynlina l Fold Zone) Sm Na (i tng cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) S Kng (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) Sinh Vinh (i ra th ng un np, Passive Marginal Fold Zone) Sng C (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) Sng Chy Bc H (Ophiolit xo trn, Melange

vc, Domain) Bc Sn (i a mng ven un np, Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone) Bc Sn (Vng cung, Arc) Bn Hi (i un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold Zone) Bn Kh (Bn trng Paleozoi sm, Early Paleozoic Depression) Bin ng (Bin ra, Marginal Sea) Bin Vit (t gy, Fault) Bnh Tr Thin (i kin to, Tectonic Zone) B Khm (i kin to, Tectonic Zone) B Xinh (Rift, Rift) Cao - Bc -

Ci (Vng a ho - Graben) Hn Ngh (Trng chng, Superimposed Depression) Hng - M (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) Hu (i cu trc, Structural Zone) Hu -Thakhek (i un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold Zone) Inopacific Indo-Pacific (Cu trc, Structure) Inosinia (Khi nn, Platform Block) Kampot Nam Du (i a mng thc un np, Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone) Kan Nack (Khi kin to, Tectonic block)

Ophiolite) Sng (Rift, Rift) Sng Gm (Aulacogen, Aulacogen) Sng Hin (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Sng Hng Red River (B, Basin) Sng Hng Red River (i khu, Suture Zone) Sng Hng Red River (H t gy su, Deep-seated Fault System) Sng L (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) Sng M (i khu, i ht chm c, Suture Zone, Paleosubductio n Zone)

Lng (i phc np li, Anticlinorium Zone) Cao Lng (H un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold System) Caramon (Khi tiu lc a Tin Cambri, Precambrian Microcontinenta l Block) Cathaysia (Katazia) (H nn hay Phc vng nn, Platform System or Platformal Anticlinorium) Chang Pung (i a mng ven un np, Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone) Cn Sn (Khi nng,

Khm c (Ophiolit Tin Cambri, Precambrian Ophiolites) Khm c (Khi kin to, Tectonic Block) Kinh tuyn 109 - Meridian 109 (t gy, Fault) Kon Tum (a khi c v lc a Riphei sm, Geoblock with the Lower Riphean Continental Crust) Kon Tum (Khi kt tinh c, Old Crystalline Block) Long i (i thnh h - cu trc, Structuroformational Zone) M - C (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone)

Sng M (Ophiolit ngoi lai, Allochthonous Ophiolite) Sng M (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Sng Mua (Vng paleorift, Paleorift Depression) Sn La (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) Sr Pk (i cu trc, Structural Zone) Srepok - Nam Du (Bin ra, Mrrginal Sea) Sundaland (Min lc a N ca mng u-, SE Asia Landmass of Eurasian Plate) Suninsinia (Mesoplit, Mesoplit) Tam K Phc Sn (i khu,

Uplift) Cn Sn (Khi cng tri, Swell) Cu Long (Trng Kainozoi, Cenozoic Depression) D - D (ng dch chuyn, Moving Line) Lt Ra kc a tch cc, Active continental margin) Lt Campuchia (H a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold System) Nng (i cu trc, Structural Zone) Nng - Th Kht (i x ng lc a - lc a, Continentcontinent

Mkng (Vng trng, Depression) Mng Nh (i trng ni mng sau va chm, Postcollisional Intraplate Depression Zone) Mng T (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Nam K Cochinchine (Lung hay Vng, Furrow or Depression) Nam Cn Sn - South Cn Sn (Trng tam, Tertiary Depression) Nam Cn Sn - Ty Natuna (i to ni sau a mng Alpi, Alpian Postgeosynclinal Orogenic Zone) Nam Trng Sn - South

Suture Zone) Ty Nam Vit Nam -Southwest Vit Nam (n nghing, Monocline) Ty Vit Nam - West Vit Nam (Min un np, Fold Region) Thanh Ha (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) Thng Bc K - Haut Tonkin (Yu t cu trc, Sructural Element) Thng Lo Mng T (Cng trnh un np Paleozoi Kimmeri sm, Paleozoic Early Cimmerian Fold Framework) Tri Tn (Khi nng ngm sn

a.
A Vng - Long i (i a mng thc un np, Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm phn gia ca di Trng Sn, tri di t ty nam Qung Bnh n Qung Nam, pha bc gip i Sng C, pha nam gip i Khm c; x = 150 - 18o, y = 106030 - 1080. North Trung B (II.2); in the centre of Trng Sn Mountain range, extending from the southwest of Qung Bnh Prov.to Qung Nam Prov., surrounded by Sng C zone in the north and Khm c Zone in the south. 3. Phc h a mng bao gm cc thnh to trm tch phun tro Cambri - Silur h (cc h tng A Vng v Long i), v trm tch lc nguyn Silur (h tng i Giang). Phc h sinh ni l cc trm tch mu tui evon (h tng Tn Lm) v granitoi kiu i Lc. Cc phc h pht trin tip theo bao gm cc thnh to trm tch carbonat Paleozoi thng, granitoi phc h Bn Ging - Qu Sn (P2- T1), c biu hin phong ph cc thnh to trm tch v magma ni

mng tui Mesozoi v Kainozoi. Kin trc ch yu dng tuyn tnh c t hp trong khung phi khm kin trc bc cao ca i. This geosynclinal complex consists of the Cambrian - Lower Silurian volcano-sedimentary formations (A Vng - Long i Fms.) and Silurian terrigenous sediments (i Giang Fm.). The orogenic complex is represented by Devonian red beds (Tn Lm Fm.) and granite of i Lc Complex. The post-orogenic complex contains the Upper Paleozoic carbonate, granites of Bn Ging - Qu Sn Complex (P2-T1) and a large amount of intraplate sedimentary and magmatic formations aged as Meso- Cenozoic. The most remarkable structural features of the zone are the lineation and the mozaic combination of the structures of higher order. 4. i c khi sinh vo u Paleozoi bng c ch tch gin v lc a c to thnh lu vc c v i dng mi (ophiolit Tam K - Phc Sn). Trong Orovic hnh thnh cp cung o: khng ni la i Lc v ni la Long i. Cu trc un np ca i c hnh thnh do bin ho Caleon, khi khp kn cc cu trc kiu i dng Paleozoi sm. Thi gian c kt hon ton ca i kt thc vo Permi. Trong Mesozoi i b li cun vo cc hot ng ni mng, cng hng vi cc hot ng ca i dng Mesotethys.

The zone is initiated in Early Paleozoic by rifting of the older continental crust leading to the formation of a new oceanic basin (demonstrated by Tam K - Phc Sn ophiolite zone). By Ordovician it occurred a couple of island arcs: i Lc non-volcanic and Long i volcanic ones. The folding took place in Early Paleozoic (Caledonian diastrophism) after the closure of oceanic structures. The zone was completely consolidated by the end of Permian and then involved into the intraplate activities in correspondence to the activities of the Mesotethyan ocean. 5. i A Vng - Long i l t hp cc cu trc kiu i dng b un np thuc ai ng Tethys (Protov Paleo-). Trn bnh cu trc hin i c th phn nh cc cu trc c bn l Long i (i thnh h cu trc: Trn c Lng v Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), pht trin tip tc sang lnh th Lo (i Xing Khong - Long i: L Duy Bch v nnk, 1989), i A Vng (i Eu- a mng un np: L Duy Bch v nnk, 1989). Trn Vn Tr (1994) s dng khi nim tng t v t tn l i Hu (tng ng vi Long i) v i Nng (tng ng vi A Vng). The A Vng - Long i zone is an assemblage of folded oceanic structures belonging to the Tethyan (Proto- and Paleotethys) mobile belts. In recent

structural plan the following main structures could bee divided into: Long i zone (Formationalstructural zone: Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), having the continuous distribution in Laos (Xing Khong - Long ai zone: L Dzuy Bch et al, 1989); A Vng zone (Eugeosynclinal folded zone: L Dzuy Bch et al.,1989). Trn Vn Tr, 1994, used the same notion with the name of Hu zone (corresponding to Long i zone) and Nng zone (correspomding to A Vng zone). 6. L Duy Bch (Le Dzuy Bach). 7. 7/ 1999. Ailaoshan - Sng Hng (i xit trt, Shear Zone) 1. Tapponier et al, 1982. 2 Sng Hng (I.2); nm dc lu vc sng Hng t ni Ailaoshan (tnh Vn Nam, Trung Quc) n h lu sng Hng v tip tc ko di vo vnh Bc B ra bin ng; x = 14O20 - 260, y= 100 - 1090. Sng Hng (I.2); located along the Red River basin from the Ailaoshan Mt (Yunnan Province, China) to the river mouth, and further to the Bc B Gulf and its offshore; x = 1420 - 26, y = 100(10950.

3. Cc phc h un np c nht l cc trm tch bin cht thuc di Ailaoshan v i Sng Hng, b tc ng bi ng lc nhiu k v c bit trong Kainozoi. Trong cc a ho hp cn t gy c mt s thnh to trm tch Neogen cha b bin cht. i c cu trc dng tuyn tnh, nhiu ln b xit trt to nn cc trng bin dng su c cu trc phc tp. Vo Neogen, chuyn ng ca i l trt tri vi tng bin khong 500 km. The oldest folded complex consists of metamorphic rocks of the Ailaoshan Range and the Sng Hng Zone, that were subjected to multiphase dynamics, especially during Cenozoic. In narrow grabens situated near faults there are no-metamorphosed Neogene formations. The zone is of linear structure, which was many times sheared, forming deeply deformed fields of complicated structure. During Neogene, the movement of the zone is characterized by left shear with a total amplitude of about 500 km. 4. i xit trt Ailaoshan - Sng Hng c hnh thnh trong qu trnh va chm ca craton Inosini vi mng - u, vi kt qu l ton b Inosinia b thc trt v pha ng nam v quay theo chiu kim ng h. The zone was formed during the collision process of the Indosinian craton with the Eurasian Plate,

causing the strike of the whole Indosinian Block southeastward, and its clockwise rotation. 5. Trong vn liu a cht thng nu khi nim v H t gy su Sng Hng v cc cu trc i km vi chng (Fromaget, 1927; Saurin, 1956; ovjikov v nnk., 1965, v.v.), khi nim khc kh ph bin l i khu Sng Hng (Pusharovski, 1965; L Duy Bch,1975, 1985; v.v.). Hin cn c tranh lun si ni v tui ca i gia hai quan im: mt l cc ai bin cht thuc i Ailaoshan - Sng Hng c tui tam; hai l chng c tui Tin Cambri v b bin ci, bin dng nhiu ln, c bit trong tam. In the geological literature some close notions about this zone have been brought up, such as Red River Deep-seated Fault System and its accompanied structures (Fromaget, 1927; Saurin, 1956; Dovzhikov et al. 1965; etc.), Red River Suture Zone (Pusharovskii, 1965; L Duy Bch, 1975, 1985; etc.). Recently, a hot discussion on the age of the zone has been happening with two viewpoints: 1) the metamorphic belts of the zone is of Tertiary age; 2) they are of Precambrian age, and many times subjected to reworking and deformation, especially in Tertiary. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

 An Chu (Vng rift ni lc, Intracontinental Rift Depression) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1979. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); t dy Tam o ko di sang N Trung Quc. x = 210 - 220; y = 105030 - 1080. East Bc B (I.1); stretching from the Tam o Range to SE China. 3. Phn thp l cc trm tch carbonat - lc nguyn dng nhp Permi thng - Trias h. Nm khng chnh hp trn l cc trm tch lc nguyn bin Trias trung, lc a Trias thng m i ni cha than tui Nori - Ret, Jura v lc a vn th mu Creta, vn th mu xm cha lignit tui Neogen trng N Dng. Chiu dy chung n 4000 - 5000 m. Phn ra ca vng rift cn ph bin cc phun tro tng phn liparit - acit, bazan hoc cc thnh to ni na, xm nhp. Cu trc c dng phc np lm hnh r qut v tuyn chuyn sang phng ng bc, m hai bin c cc i t gy khng ch dc Thi Nguyn - Bc Giang - Lng Sn v ra ty bc Qung Ninh. The lower part of the depression is composed of Upper Permian - Lower Triassic. terrigenous carbonate sediments. Lying unconformably upon them there are Middle Triassic terrigenous sediments, upper Triassic subcontinental sediments bearing locally Norian-Rhaetian coal, Jurassic-

Cretaceous continental red beds and grey clastic lignite-bearing Neogene sediments (in Na Dng Depression). The total thickness reaches up to 40005000 m. In the margin of the depression contrast effusives (liparite, dacite, basalt) or subvolcanic, intrusive formationss are widespread. The structure has fan-shaped synclinorium form stretching in subparallel direction, then turning over in NE direction. It is controlled by faults in its two sides: Thi Nguyn - Bc Giang - Lng Sn, and NW Qung Ninh faults. 4. Vng rift ni lc An Chu c hnh thnh chng gi trn mng khng ng nht, c cc h t gy khng ch pht trin mnh trong Mesozoi, phn thp c phun tro tng phn, trm tch turbi (Trias h). Qu trnh hnh thnh ca lot vng ny lin quan vi chuyn ng kin to Inosini dn n s khp li ca Paleotethys gy nn s cng hng, bin ci ca v lc a.. The depression is superimposed on a heterogeneous basement. It is controlled by faults systems which were strongly developed during Mesozoic. In its lower part there are contrast effusives and turbidite formation (Lower Triassic). The forming process of this depression is related to Indosinian tectonic movement, leading to the closure of Palaeotethys, causing the resonance and reconstruction of the

continental crust. 5. An Chu l n v a cht do Patte E. (1927) nu ra, v sau phn chia ra i (m) trong h chun un np ng Vit Nam (ovjikov A. E. v nnk., 1963, 1965), Trng chng trn lp ph nn Hoa Nam v phn ni tip Caleonit Cathaysia (Pusharovski, 1975, Gatinski v nnk., 1972; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972; Ng Thng San, 1975, v.v.), Trng hi sinh magma - kin to (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972, Trng iva (Staritski v nnk., 1973; Phm Vn Quang v nnk., 1986) v.v. This unit was brought up by Patte E. (1927). During recent decades, it has been considered as Negative zone of the East Vit Nam Parafolded System (Dovzhikov A.E., 1963, 1965), Superimposed Depression on the cover of the South Chinese Platform, and the Continuing part of the Cathaysian Caledonid (Pusharovskii, 1965; Gatinskii et al., 1972; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972; Ng Thng San, 1975; etc.), Rejuvenated Tectono-magmatic Depression (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972), Diva Depression (Staritskii et al., 1973; Phm Vn Quang et al., 1986), etc. 6. Trn Vn Tr 1. 8/1999. An Chu (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial

Zone) 1. ovjikov A. v nnk., 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Ninh. 5. ng ngha ca Vng rift ni lc An Chu Synonym of An Chu Intracontinental Rift Depression. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. An Kh (Rift ni lc, Intracontinental Rift) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1986. 2. Trung Trung B (II.1); x = 12040 - 14030, y = 108010 - 109030. Middle Trung B (III.1) 3. Cc thnh to trm tch lc nguyn - ni na sinh ch yu l sn kt, ct kt a khong, tufit, phin st vi ln phun tro kiu thnh h liparit - acit vi granit pluton tui Trias sm - gia nm khng chnh hp trn cc thnh to c hn. V cu trc c dng vng chng ko di theo phng kinh tuyn v b cc trm tch ni la - pluton Mesozoi mun chia ct phc tp.

The structure is composed of Lower-Middle Triassic volcanogeno-sedimentary sediments, mainly of gritstone, polymictic sandstone, tuffite, marlaceous shale interbedded with effusives of the dacite-liparite formation, accompanied by granite intrusion. They lie unconformably upon older rocks. On the structural viewpoint the rift is of superimposed depression, stretching in submeridional direction. It was complicatedly dissected by Late Mesozoic volcano-plutonic formations. 4. Rift ni lc An Kh thuc kiu vng trn craton pht trin ch yu trong Trias do nh hng ca chuyn ng Inosini, dn n s ghp ni ca hai mng ng Dng v Shan-Thi v s trit tiu ca Paleotethys. Mng ca rift ch yu l cc thnh to siu bin cht Tin Cambrri thuc khi nh Kon Tum v cc thnh to Paleozoi trung - thng. Qu trnh bin ci do tc ng ca ra lc a tch cc kiu Anes Lt din ra vo Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi sm. Cc hot ng tn kin to hnh thnh cc cao nguyn bazan Ty Nguyn, a ho Sng Ba v bin ra ng Vit Nam. The rift belongs to the type of intracratonic depression, developed mainly during Triassic in the influence of the Indosinian movement, which led to the assembly of the two Indochina and Shan-Thai Plates, and the closure of the Palaeotethys. The

basement of the rift consists mainly of Precambrian ultrametamorphic formations of the Kon Tum Uplift, and Middle-Upper Paleozoic rocks. The reconstructing process, caused by the impact of the Lt active continental margin of Andes type, happened in Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic. Neotectonic activities formed the Ty Nguyn basaltic plateau, the Sng Ba graben and the East Vit Nam marginal sea. 5. Rift ni lc An Kh c thnh phn lc nguyn phun tro kim vi thuc h tng Mng Giang, vi cc xm nhp granitoi, i khi c c granosyenit, monzogranit trong phc h Vn Canh c xem nh hp phn ca thnh h tin rift (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr v nnk., 1992). This unit, with the Mang Giang Fm of calc-alkaline effusive and terrigenous composition, accompanied by granitoids, locally granosyenite and monzogranite of Vn Canh Complex, has been regarded as a component of the prerift formation (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr et al., 1992). 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 8/1999. Annamia (Khi, Block) 1. Fromaget J., 1929

2. Trung Trung B (III.1); trung tm bn o ng Dng Middle Trung B (III.1); central part of the Indochina Peninsula. 5. ng ngha ca Khi nn Inosinia Synonym of Inosinian Platform Block. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999.

b.
Bch Long V (Trng kin to Kainozoi, Cenozoic Tectonic Depression) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm trong vnh Bc B. Tri di theo phng B-TTN bao quanh o Bch Long V; x = 20o - 20o30, y = 107o30-108o. East Bc B (I.1); in Bc B (Beibu) Gulf, stretching ENE-WSW, including the Bch Long V island and its sea floor. 3. Cu thnh t cc trm tch Kainozoi, chiu dy t n 3000 - 4000m. Cu trc ni ti phc tp do s lp ghp cc cu trc bc cao khc phng. Mng

un np ca trng l phc h trm tch Paleozoi htrung ca i un np Caleon Duyn hi Bc B (hp phn ca Caleoni Cathaysia). The depression is filled with thick Cenozoic sediments reaching 3000-4000 m. Its inner structure is complicated by the combination of multidirectional structures of higher order. The basin folded basement consists of Lower-Midlle Paleozoic sedimentary formations belonging to Duyn Hi Caledonian folded zone (a component of Cathaysian Caledonides). 4. Sinh thnh do c ch hu hoi v tch gin v lc a c vo gia Kainozoi ng thi vi qu trnh sinh rift mnh ng chu . Qu trnh st vng ko di ht Miocen (giai on ng rift), gim thoi trong Pliocen - t (giai on sau rift). The depression was formed by destruction and rifting of the older continental crust in Mid Cenozoic in concordance with the intensive riftogenous proccesses taking place at that time in the whole of East Asia. The subsidence of the depression protracted to the end of Miocene (synrift stage) and reduced in Pliocene-Quaternary (postrift stage). 5. Trng Bch Long V l hp phn ca H bn trng Li Chu - Bch Long V (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1990), sinh thnh theo c ch ko tch (Ng

Gia Thng, 1995). Quan nim tng t c trnh by trong cc cng trnh a cht u kh (Nguyn Quang B, Nguyn Tn Long, 1985, L Trng Cn v nnk, 1991). This depression is a component of the Loeichou Bch Long V depression system (L Dzuy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1990), which is generated by pullapart kinematics (Ng Gia Thng, 1995). The close opinions are presented in the works of petroleum geologists (Nguyn Quang B, Nguyn Tn Long, 1985; L Trng Cn et al., 1991). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 7/ 1999 Bi C Rong -- Reed Bank (Khi v lc a, Continental Crust Block) 1. Hamilton, 1979. 2. Vng ng nam bin ng i din pha ty bc ca o Palawan; x = 9030 - 120, y = 116050', SE area of the East Sea, in front of the NW of the Palawan Island; x = 930 - 12, y = 11650 - 117. 3. Mng un np l cc thnh to trm tch trc Carbon trung, c lp ph l thnh to molas Jura Creta. Cu trc hin i l cm bn tam cha du kh c tui hnh thnh t Paleocen. The folded basement consists of pre-Middle

Carboniferous, the cover of which comprises Jurassic-Cretaceous molassic formations. The recent structure consists of Tertiary petroleumbearing basins, formed since Paleocene. 4. L mt khi v lc a b ct ri khi craton - u trong qu trnh hnh thnh cc bin ra ng Nam ni chung v bin ng ni ring (nhm Reed BankCalamian). Mng un np kiu lc a b chia ct v ln chm su hn 5000m. Cc thnh to Kainozoi tp trung trong cc trng quy m khc nhau hnh thnh trong qu trnh hu hoi v ln chm ca khi Bi C Rong. This is a continental crust block, which was separated from the Eurasian craton during the forming process of Southeast Asian marginal seas in general, and of the East Vit Nam Sea in particular (Reed Bank - Calamian group). The folded basement of continental type was dissected and deeply subsided (over 5,000 m). Cenozoic formations are concentrated in depressions of different sizes, formed during the process of destruction and subsidence of the Reed Bank Block. 5. V quan h cu trc cn c th xem y l mt t phn ca khi lc a b thoi ho Trng Sa - Bi C Rong (L Duy Bch, 1979; L Vn , 1986; v.v.)

On the structural relation side, this block can be regarded as a component of the Spratly - Reed Bank degenerated continental block. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Bn n (i phc vng, Syclinorium Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm pha nam Ty Nguyn, thuc phm vi cc tnh c Lc, Bnh Phc v Lm ng. Gip k pha nam ca i k Lin, tip gip vi i Lt theo tuyn t gy Tuy Ho - Ty Ninh; x = 11o30-12o40, y = 106o30108o30. Middle Trung B (III.1); in Southern Ty Nguyn (Central Plateau), occupying the territory of c Lc, Bnh Phc and Lm ng Provinces, adjoining the southern part of k Lin zone and the northwestern part of Lt zone along the Tuy Ha - Ty Ninh Fault. 3. Mt ct ch yu l cc trm tch lc nguyn Jura htrung, b un np khng u theo phng v tuyn. C mt cc thnh to trm tch v phun tro bazan Kainozoi. The main section of the zone consists of LowerMiddle Jurassic terrigenous sediments, which are

non-uniformely folded in sublatitudinal direction. There exist also Cenozoic basalts and sediments. 4. Cu trc un np ca i c to thnh trn din ca mt bn trng ni mng pht trin ra nam ca craton Inosinia t u Mesozoi theo c ch tch gin phi tuyn v ln chm khi tng bin nh. T cui Jura, trng Bn n b li cun vo hot ng mnh ca ai ni la - pluton ra lc a Lt k cn, b un np v to nn i phc vng. The folded structures of this zone were created in the area of an intraplate depression by non-linear extension and small-amplitude subsidence of the southern margin of Indosinian craton at the beginning of Mesozoic. Since the end of Jurassic, Bn n depression was involved into the extensively active folding movements of the volcano-plutonic belt of the nearby Lt continental margin, and so, became a synclinorium structure zone. 5. i phc vng Bn n l hp phn ca h a mng pht trin a k Lt - Campuchia (L Duy Bch, 1985, 1987, 1989). Trong quan h c kin to cn c quan nim l mt Trng chng Mesozoi (ovjikov, Mareichev, 1987) hay l Bn trng cn lc a ensialic (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992). Trn Vn Tr (1994) a ra phn v kin to

tng ng vi tn gi i Sr Pk (thuc h a mng un np M Kng tui Inosini). This zone is considered as a component of the Lt - Campuchean multicyclic geosynclinal system (L Dzuy Bch, 1985, 1987, 1989). Another opinion based on paleotectonic relations has been regrading the depression as a Mesozoic superimposed basin (Dovzhikov, Mareitchev, 1987) or as an Ensialic paracontinental basin (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992). Trn Vn Tr, 1994, described an equivalent tectonic unit as Sr Pk Zone - a structural portion of the Mekong geosynclinal folded system of Indosinian age. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/ 1999. Bn Rn (i khu ophiolit, Ophiolite Suture Zone) 1. Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1991. 2. ng Bc B (I.1) nm pha ty tnh Thi Nguyn, gn Ch Chu; x = 21040 - 21045, y = 105040105045. East Bc B; located in the west of Thi Nguyn Province, near Ch Chu; x = 2140 - 2145, y = 10540 - 10545.

3. Cc th siu mafic nm dc theo cc t gy ch yu c phng B - TN vng Bn Rn thuc i cu trc Ph Ng. Ultramafic rock bodies are distributed along faults of mainly NE-SW trend in the Bn Rn area of the Ph Ng Zone. 4. L i khu ophiolit hnh thnh vo Caleon mun trong lch s pht trin cui Proterozoi v Phanerozoi sm ca min ng Bc B. This is an ophiolite suture zone formed in Late Caledonian during the Late Proterozoic - Early Phanerozoic development history of the East Bc B Region. 5. Cc siu mafic phc h Bn Rn c nhng nt tng ng vi hp phn siu mafic b bin cht ca t hp ophiolit, nhng khng tp trung thnh i ring bit kiu mt ct ngoi lai (L Duy Bch, 1985). Ultramafic rocks of the Bn Rn Massif have similar features of metamorphosed ultramafic components of an ophiolite association, but they are not concentrated in special zone of the allochthonous section type. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Bc B (Min un np, Fold belt)

1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1979 2. Bc B v N Trung Quc Bc B and SE China; x = 20 - 28 N, y = 103 107 E 5. ng ngha vi min un np Vit - Trung Synonym with the Sino - Vietnamese Fold Belt. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 9/1999. Bc B (Trng, Depression) 1. L Vn C v nnk, 1985 2. Sng Hng (I.2); tri dc ng bng Bc B v vng trung tm vnh Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); spreading along the Bc B Plain and the central part of the Bc B Gulf. 5. ng ngha ca Trng ngun rift H Ni - Vnh Bc B Synonym of H Ni - Bc B Gulf Riftogenous Depression. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Bc B - Dng T - Katazia -- Bc B - Yangtze - Cathaysia (Lnh vc, Domain) 1. Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982, 1992.

2. a phn Bc Bc B v ng Nam Trung Quc Territories of North Bc B and Southeast China. 5. ng ngha ca Min un np Vit - Trung Synonym of Sino-Vietnamese Fold Belt. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 8/1999. Bc Sn (i a mng ven un np, Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm trong phm vi cc tnh Bc Cn, Lng Sn v Thi Nguyn. K gip vi cc i kin to Ph Ng pha ty, Sng Hin pha ng v An Chu pha nam. x = 21o30-22o30, y = 106o106o30. East Bc B (I.1); occupying the territories of Bc Cn, Lng Sn and Thi Nguyn Provinces, adjoining the Ph Ng Tectonic zone in the west, Sng Hin zone in the east and An Chu zone in the south. 3. Phc h a mng bao gm cc trm tch lc nguyn Cambri- Orovic h v Orovic thng; h sinh ni l cc trm tch kiu molas evon h, phc h sau a mng l cc trm tch carbonat Paleozoi thng. Ph bin cc kin trc an, b phc tp ho bi h thng t gy nhiu phng .

This geosynclinal complex consists of Cambrian Lower-Middle Ordovician terrigenous sediments. The orogenic complex is manifested by Lower Devonian molassic formations, and the post geosynclinal complex - by the Upper Paleozoic carbonate. Their brachy-structures are widespread and complicated by multidirectional fault systems. 4. i ny sinh trn ra craton Tin Cambri cng ng vi qu trnh to rift, tch gin v ta cc cu trc kiu i dng mi cc i L - Gm v Ph Ng k cn. Ch nghch o kin to (do va chm khi khp kn cc cu trc i dng) din ra vo u evon . T gia evon chuyn sang ch ni mng. Vo cui Paleozoi v trong Mesozoi i Bc Sn b li cun vo hot ng ca cc i ng ri ca ai ng Thi Bnh Dng. The zone was formed in the margin of the Precambrian craton, corresponding to the rifting and extensional proccesses, forming the new oceanic structures in adjacent L - Gm and Ph Ng zones. The tectonic inversion regime (caused by collision while these oceanic structures were closed) took place at the beginning of Devonian. Since Middle Devonian it transformed into intraplate regime. At the end of Paleozoic and Mesozoic, the Bc Sn zone was involved into the

activity of marginal mobile zones of the Pacific mobile belt. 5. Trong vn liu a cht tn gi Bc Sn cn c dng m t cc cu trc un np c nh Cnh cung Bc Sn (Bourret, 1923, Patte, 1927....), Vng cung Bc Sn (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985). Trn Vn Tr v nnk (1975, 1977, 1979) xem i Bc Sn l hp phn ch yu ca i phc np li Bc Thi. In the geological literature the name of Bc Sn has been used for describing also old folded structures, such as The Bc Sn Arc (Bourret, 1923; Patte, 1927; Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985). Trn Vn Tr et al., (1975, 1977, 1979), considered the Bc Sn zone as an important constituent of Bc Thi Anticlinorium Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Bc Sn (Vng cung, Arc) 1. Bourret R., 1923; Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., 1985. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn v mt phn nh Lng Sn East Bc B (I.1); parts of Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn

and Lng Sn provinces. 5. ng ngha ca i a mng ven un np Bc Sn Synonym of Bc Sn Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999. Bn Hi (i un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold Zone) 1. Nguyn nh Ct, 1972. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm phn pha Nam ca Bc Trung B, thuc cc tnh Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu (Vit Nam) v cc tnh Khm Mun, Savannakhet (Lo). Thuc ra pha bc ca a khi Inosinia; x = 160 - 18o, y= 105010 107040. North Trung B (II. 2); located in the southern part of the region, in the territory of Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu provinces of Vit Nam, and Kham Muon, Savannakhet of Laos. The zone belongs to the northern edge of the Indosinian Geoblock; x = 16(- 18, y = 10510 10740.

3. Mng un np l cc h tng trm tch Paleozoi trung, i ni c biu hin granitoi tui trc Carbon. The folded basement consists of Middle Paleozoic sedimentary formations, locally with exposures of pre-Carboniferous granitoids. 4. i tri qua hai thi k pht trin a mng. Thi k u to cc h tng evon dng flysh, thi k sau l to thnh h carbonat v lc nguyn Carbon trung - Permi. The zone has passed through two geosynclinal development stages. During the first stage flyschoid Devonian formations were formed, whilst during the second - carbonate and terrigenous Middle Carboniferous - Permian formations. 5. Cu trc c phn chia trn c s cc khi nim chung v a cht khu vc t Hu v t Nng t l 1/ 500.000 (Hoffet J., 1935) v s c mt cc phc h un np Hercyn a mng Trng Sn (Fromaget J., 1927, 1941). The zone has been established on the basis of general knowledge on the regional geology of the Hu and Nng map sheets on 1:500,000 scale (Hoffet J. 1935), and on the presence of Hercynian folded complexes in the Trng Sn geosyncline (Fromaget J. 1927, 1941). 6. L Duy Bch.

7. 8/1999. Bn Kh (Bn trng Paleozoi sm, Early Paleozoic Depression) 1. L Nh Lai, 1995. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm ty nam dy Hong Lin Sn, thuc cc tnh Ph Th v Ho Bnh, b tri lu vc Sng ; x = 210 20' - 20050, y = 1050-105010'. West Bc B (I.3); located in SW of the Hong Lin Sn Range, on the territory of Ph Th and Ho Bnh provinces, in the left side of the River; x = 2050 - 2120; y = 105(- 10510. 3. Mt ct ca bn trng bao gm cc thnh to trm tch Cambri - Orovic h, t b dy ti 1100 m. The section of the depression is composed of Cambrian - Ordovician sedimentary formations of 1,100 m in thickness. 4. Bn pht trin nh mt bin ra vo u Paleozoi c lin quan n craton Nam Trung Quc vo thi k u pht trin cu trc Phanerozoi sm ca khu vc. The depression was developed as a marginal sea at the beginning of Paleozoic in close relation with the South Chinese Craton in the first stage of development of Early Phanerozoic structure of the region.

5. Nhn tng th lch s pht trin kin to u Paleozoi ca khi lc a Phan Si Pan ni ring v Ty Bc B ni chung th bn Bn Kh cn tip tc pht trin n u evon trong bi cnh ca mt i ng kiu ra th ng un np Sinh Vinh (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). In the general history of tectonic development at the beginning of Paleozoic of the Phan Si Pan continental block in particular, and of West Bc B in general, the Bn Kh basin was still developed to the beginning of Devonian in the setting of a mobile zone of the Sinh Vinh folded passive margin type (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Bin ng (Bin ra, Marginal Sea) 1. Parke et al, 1971. 2. Pha ng bn o ng Dng. In the east of the Indochina Peninsula. 3. Cu trc bao gm cc v vi lc a Trng Sa v Hong Sa, trng nc su v h thng thm lc a bao quanh. Cc vi lc a d kin c mng un np Tin tam, ch yu l Paleozoi v Tin Cambri, c lp ph Mesozoi, b ph trn bi cc phc h cu trc Kainozoi phn b trong cc bn trng quy m khc nhau. Trng nc su c lp ph kiu i

dng vi cc trm tch dy t 0,2- 2 km. Cc thm lc a bao quanh Trung Quc v bn o ng Dng u c ph bi cc bn trm tch Kainozoi. The structure is composed of Paracel and Spratly microcontinent crusts, abyssal trough, and the surrounding system of continental shelf. Microcontinents, maybe, have a pre-Tertiary folded basement, mainly of Paleozoic and Precambrian ages, and a Mesozoic cover, that are covered by Cenozoic structural complexes distributed in depressions of different scales. The abyssal trough has a cover of oceanic type with 0.2 - 2 km thick sedimentary beds. The continental shelf, which surrounds China and the Indochina Peninsula, is covered by Cenozoic sediments. 4. Bin ng c hnh thnh t Oligocen mun n Miocen sm (32-17 tr. nm) bng c ch gin y i dng, tip tc pht trin nh mt bin ra trong sut Kainozoi mun. Hin c nhiu quan im khc nhau v c ch thnh to Bin ng. The sea was formed from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (32 - 17 Ma.) by the extensional mechanism of the oceanic floor, afterwards it continued to be developed as a marginal sea during all Late Cenozoic. At present there still are

different viewpoints on the forming mechanism of the East Sea (Bin ng). 5. Khi nim Bin ra (hay Bin ven) c s dng ph bin (Emery, Avraham, 1972; Hamilton, 1974; Tapponier et al, 1975; Taylor, Hayes, 1978; Hayes, 1980, 1984; L Duy Bch, 1985; Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985; L Vn , 1986; Phan Vn Qunh, V Nng Lc, 1996; L Nh Lai, 1998; v.v.) ch quan h ngun gc ca Bin ng vi i lc - u v h cung o - bin ven Ty Nam Thi Bnh Dng. The notion Marginal Sea has been widely used (Emery & Avraham, 1972); Hamilton, 1974; Tapponier et al. 1975; Taylor & Hayes, 1978; Hayes, 1980, 1984; L Duy Bch, 1985; Trn c Lng & Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985; L Vn , 1986; Phan Vn Qunh & V Nng Lc, 1996; L Nh Lai, 1998; etc.) to indicate the genetic relationship of the East Sea with the Eurasia continent and the system of SW Pacific island arcs - seas. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Bin Vit (t gy, Fault) 1. Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1977. 2. Chy theo phng kinh tuyn dc pha ng b bin

Vit Nam t nam o Hi Nam n eo bin Sunda Running by the meridional direction along the east of the Vietnamese coast from the south of Hainan Island to the Sunda Strait. 5. ng ngha ca i t gy - ng khu xuyn khu vc Hi Nam - Eo bin Sunda Synonym of Hainan - Sunda Strait Transregional Suture-fault Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Bnh Tr Thin (i kin to, Tectonic Zone) 1. Nguyn Vn Honh, 1986 . 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm pha nam ca Bc Trung B, trn a phn cc tnh H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu v Qung Nam; x = 160 -180 20', y = 1050 20' - 108010'. North Trung B (II.2); located in the south of the region, on the territory of H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu and Qung Nam provinces; x = 16(- 1820, y = 10520 - 10810. 3. Cu trc mt ct ca i bao gm 3 phc h thnh h cu trc: a mng ven (Orovic- evon), nn (Carbon- Permi) v to ni (cui PaleozoiKainozoi). i c chia thnh hai cu trc chnh (ph i) l : ng Hi - Kim Cng v Hu. Bnh

 cu trc hin i c dng mt i phc np li. Ranh gii pha bc ca i l t gy Ro Ny Sng Gianh, pha nam l t gy Nng - A Tp, cn pha ty l t gy c Krng - A Li. The section of the zone is composed of 3 following structuro-formational complexes: mio-geosynclinal (Ordovician - Devonian), platform (Carboniferous - Permian), and orogenic (end of Paleozoic Cenozoic). The zone has been divided into two main structures (subzones), namely: ng Hi Kim Cng, and Hu. The present structural plan has the form of an anticlinorium. The Ro Ny Sng Gianh Fault plays the role of the northern boundary of the zone, the Nng - A Tp Fault its southern boundary, and the k Krng - A Li Fault - its western boundary. 4. Khi u l mt vng a mng pht sinh vo Orovic v pht trin n cui evon vi s thu hp r rt t cui Silur. Ch to ni xut hin t Carbon sm cng thi vi vic xc lp ch nn. Initially, it was a geosynclinal depression appearing in Ordovician, and was developed to the end of Devonian with a clear restriction since the end of Silurian. The orogenic regime appeared since Early Carboniferous at the same time with the establishment of the platform regime.

5. Thc cht y l mt cu trc t hp bao gm nhiu cu trc kin to c ngun gc khc nhau nh i Trng Sn (hay Sng C), i Long i. In fact, this is a combined structure, composed of many tectonic structures of different geneses, such as the Trng Sn (or Sng C), and Long i Zones. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. B Khm (i kin to, Tectonic Zone) 1. L Duy Bch v nnk,1989 . 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm pha ty nam Ty Nguyn, vng bin gii Vit Nam Campuchia, thuc cc tnh c Lc (Vit Nam) v Mondulkiri (Campuchia). K gip vi i X Cng pha bc v Kon Tum pha ng; x = 12o30 - 13o, y = 105o30107o30. Middle Trung B (III.1); in southwest Ty Nguyn, including the territory of c Lc Province of Vit Nam and Mondulkiri Province of Campuchea, adjoining the X Cng Zone in the north and Kon Tum geoblock in the east. 3. Mng un np bao gm cc thnh t lc nguyn phun tro b bin cht gi thit Tin Cambri thuc lot B Khm (Saurin, 1935), c so snh tng ng vi h tng Khm c (L Duy Bch, 1985).

Cu trc lp ph gm cc thnh to trm tch Paleozoi (- S), trm tch - phun tro Trias v trm tch, bazan Kainozoi. C mt cc phc h granitoi tui Permi -Trias v Mesozoi mun (J-K). The folded basement comprises metamorphic terrigeno-volcanic formations of probably Precambrian age (Bo Kham srie: Saurin, 1935) equivalently correlated to Khm c Fm. by L Dzuy Bch, 1985. The cover complex is formed by Paleozoic (-S) sediments, Triassic volcanosedimentary formations and Cenozoic basalts, including also the granitoid complex aged Permian-Triassic and Late Mesozoic (J-K). 4. i B Khm xut hin ra ca craton Inosinia trong Tin Cambri sm, cng thi vi i Khm c ( pha bc ca a khi Inosinia). Cu trc un np hnh thnh vo cui Riphei. Vo Riphei mun v Paleozoi sm phc h pht trin nh mt cu trc lc a, b tc ng mnh m ca cc bin ho Hercyn v Inosini. B Khm Zone occurs in the northern margin of the Early Precambrian Indosinian craton at the same time of Khm c Zone. The folded structures were formed at the end of Riphean, and since Late Riphean - Early Paleozoic the zone was developed as a continental structure strongly

reactivated by Hercynian and Indosinian diastrophisms. 5. i B Khm c xem l hp phn cu trc ca khi st Khort (thuc a khi Inosinia), ni bc l mng un np Tin Cambri v cc lp ph Paleozoi v Mesozoi. i kin to ny ng vai tr l i ranh gii ca hai cu trc a mng quan trng: X Cng pha bc v Lt - Campuchia pha nam. This zone has been considered as a component of the Khorat subsided block - a portion of Indosinian Geoblock - where the Precambrian folded basement and the Paleo- Mesosoic cover are exposed. The zone plays the role of border zone of two important geosynclinal systems: the X Cng in the north and the Lt - Campuchea in the south. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. B Xinh (Rift, Rift) 1. Phm Huy Long, 1986. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3), ko di t Mng T n vng b bin Thanh Ho. x = 19040 - 220 30', y = 1020- 1060. West Bc B (I.3); stretching from Mng T to the coastal zone of Thanh Ho; x = 1940 - 2230, y = 102o- 106.

3. Mt ct bao gm cc phun tro - lc nguyn tui Cambri - Orovic v cc xm nhp thnh h siu mafic Paleozoi h. Cc u b un np v b bin v mnh. The section of the rift is composed of Cambrian Ordovician volcano-terrigenous sediments, and Lower Paleozoic ultramafic intrusions. These rocks were strongly folded and altered. 4. Rift B Xinh l mt phn v c kin to hnh thnh vo Paleozoi sm min a mng nm gia nn Vit - Trung v a khi Inosinia, theo ch ni sinh rift do tch gin cc ra craton v cc i chuyn tip lc a - i dng. The rift is a paleotectonic structure formed in Early Paleozoic in a geosynclinal zone, which lies between the Sino-Vietnamese platform and the Indosinian Geoblock. It was generated in a rifting regime, caused by the extension of the craton margin and the transitional zone between continent and ocean. 5. Cu trc rift ch tn ti vo cui Proterozoi n u Cambri; t Cambri gia chuyn sang ch ng ca kin trc i dng. Trong vn liu a cht di ch ca thnh to rift - gin y i dng kiu B Xinh c th hin di khi nim Ophiolit ngoi lai Sng M (L Duy Bch v nnk, 1982; Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1992; v.v.).

The rift structure existed only from the end of Proterozoic to the beginning of Cambrian; since Middle Cambrian this regime transformed into the mobile regime of an oceanic structure. In the geological literature the relics of the rift - oceanic floor extension formation of the B Xinh type has been expressed under the notion of Sng M Allochthonous Ophiolite (L Duy Bch et al. 1982; Nguyn Xun Tng & Trn Vn Tr et al. 1992; etc.). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

c.
Cao - Bc - Lng (i phc np li, Anticlinorium Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1979. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); cc tnh Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Lng Sn v Thi Nguyn. East Bc B (I.1); Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Lng Sn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 3. Cc trm tch Paleozoi h gm ct kt dng quarzit xen vi phin st - sericit, phin st vi dy

trn 2300m cha Agnostidae (2-3), trm tch dng flysh kiu nm bi kt cha Graptolit (O-S1), phin st xen ct bt kt dng quarzit cha B ba thu (O2-3) un np dng tuyn theo phng B-TN l ra Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn v Cao Bng. Nm khng chnh hp gc trn chng l cc trm tch lc nguyn - carbonat evon, carbonat cha bauxit Carbon - Permi v trm tch lc nguyn dng flysh Trias h Lower Paleozoic sediments are composed of quartzitic silty sandstone, clay-sericite schist, marlaceous shale bearing Agnostids (2-3), over 2300m thick, flyshoid sediments of accretionary prism type bearing graptolites (O-S1), clay shale interbedded with quartzitic silty sandstone bearing trilobites (O2-3) linearily folded in the NE-SW direction, exposed in Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn and Cao Bng. The unconformable cover consists of Devonian terrigeno-carbonate formations, Carboniferous-Permian bauxite-bearing carbonate formations, and Lower Triassic flyschoid terrigenous sediments. 4. i phc np li Cao-Bc - Lng nm gia i khu Sng y v t gy Thi Nguyn - Lng Sn, l mt b phn ca Caleoni Vit - Trung. Phc h mng Paleozoi h b un np mnh ni tip vi cu trc Cathaysia. Trong khi , phc h lp ph (D-T1)

nm khng chnh hp gc trn cc c hn v to thnh cc np un on v thoi. S va chm dn n s khp li mt phn Paleotethys Vit - Trung km theo to ni c sn phm molas vn th mu (D1), di ch ophiolit Bn Rn, olistostrom i Ph Ng, sau l thm carbonat (PZ3). Mt s nhnh Paleotethys (PZ3-T) cn tip tc pht trin Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Cn v Thi Nguyn. Mt khc, cc rift ni lc Mesozoi Sng Hin v An Chu ph chng ln cu trc ny. The Cao - Bc - Lng Anticlinorium Zone, situated between the Sng y Suture and Thi Nguyn Lng Sn Fault Zone, is a part of the SinoVietnamese Caledonides. The strongly folded Lower Paleozoic basement complex is succeeded by the Cathaysia Structure, whilst the cover complex (D-T1) overlies with angular unconformity older formations, forming sloping brachy-folds. The collision led to the closure of a part of the Sino-Vietnamese Paleotethys, accompanied by the orogeny with red molassic clastics (D1), the Bn Rn Ophiolite relict, the Ph Ng Olistostrom Zone, and then, the carbonate shelf (PZ3). Some branches of the Paleotethys (PZ3-T) continued to be developed in Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn Provinces. In the other side, Mesozoic Sng Hin

and An Chu intracontinenal rift superimposes upon this structure. 5. Mt s tc gi xp cu trc Cao-Bc-Lng vo Caleoni (Gatinski v nnk. 1970, 1991; L Duy Bch 1985, v.v...); trng i dng (PZ1-2) gia craton Vit Bc v vi lc a Cc X - H Lang (Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1982, 1992) Some authors have been referring the Cao - Bc Lng structure to Caledonides (Gatinsky et al. 1970, 1991; L Duy Bch 1985, etc.), oceanic trough (PZ12) between Vit Bc Craton and Cc X - H Lang microcontinent (Nguyn Xun Tng et al, 1982, 1992). 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 10. 1999. Cao Lng (H un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold System) 1. Phm Vn Quang v nnk, 1986. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); bao gm cc lu vc sng Lc Nam, K Cng v Hin thuc cc tnh Cao Bng, Lng Sn, v H Giang; x = 21030 - 230 10', y =1050 10' - 107020'. East Bc B (I.1); including the basins of the Lc Nam, K Cng and Hin Rivers, lying in the territory of the Cao Bng, Lng Sn and H Giang

Provinces; x = 2130 - 2310, y = 10510 10720. 3. H un np bao gm: phc np lm ln An Chu, phc np li ln Bc Sn - H Lang, phc np lm Cao Bng, vng trng Sng Hin, phc np li Ngn Sn v phc np lm Yn Minh. Cc phc h un np bt u hnh thnh t Paleozoi sm (Cambri Orovic), tip tc trong Paleozoi gia (Silur evon). Cc cu trc Mesozoi sm thuc kiu chng trn nn un np Paleozoi. The fold system is composed of the great An Chu synclinorium, great Bc Sn - H Lang anticlinorium, Cao Bng synclinorium, Sng Hin Depression, Ngn Sn anticlinorium, and Yn Minh synclinorium. The fold complexes appeared since Early Paleozoic (Cambrian - Ordovician), and continued to be formed during Middle Paleozoic (Silurian - Devonian). The Early Mesozoic structures belong to the superimposed type on the Paleozoic folded basement. 4. H bao gm cc cu trc a mng ven pht trin vo u Paleozoi, sng nhp vi s pht trin ca min ng Cathaysia. T gia evon c biu hin ca ch ni lc.Vo cui Paleozoi - u Mesozi xut hin ch hot ho magma - kin to. The system is composed of mio-geosynclinal structures developed at the beginning of Paleozoic

in accordance with the development of the Cathaysian mobile region. Since Middle Devonian the manifestation of the intracontinental regime occurred. And at the end of Paleozoic - beginning of Mesozoic appeared the regime of tectonomagmatic activation. 5. Tnh thng nht ca h un np ny th hin r vo giai on Caleon. Giai on Hercyn mang tnh cht pht trin chuyn tip, bt u t cc hot ng ni mng. Bnh cu trc un np ca h hin ti c xc lp vo cui Trias v b phc tp ho bi cc kin sinh Kimmeri mun v Kainozoi. The identity of this folded system expresses clearly in the Caledonian period. In the Hercynian period it bears the transitional character, beginning from intraplate activities. The present folding plan of the system was established at the end of Triassic, and complicated by Late Cimmerian and Cenozoic tectonisms. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Caramon (Khi tiu lc a Tin Cambri, Precambrian Microcontinental Block) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Ty Nam B (IV); nm pha Nam Campuchia ko di n vng o Ph Quc, Th Chu. K gip vi

i Kampot - Nam Du pha ng; x = 9o-13o, y = 103o-104o. West Nam B (IV); in South Campuchea, stretching to Ph Quc and Th Chu islands, adjoining the Kampot- Nam Du zone in the east. 3. Mng un np l cc thnh to trm tch bin cht c xp vo tui Tin Cambri (vng Pailin). V ph gm cc trm tch evon, trm tch v phun tro Trias, trm tch molas tui Jura-Creta v trm tch Kainozoi thng trong cc trng ra v trng gia ni. C mt mt s thnh to bazan Neogen- t. The folded basement consists of Precambrian metamorphic sedimentary formations (in Pailin area). The cover complex comprises Devonian sediments, Triassic sediments and volcanics, Jurassic-Cretaceous molasses and Upper Cenozoic sediments, lying in marginal and intermontane basins with some Neogene-Quaternary basaltic formations. 4. Khi Caramon nguyn l hp phn ca a khi Inosinia Tin Cambri. B chia ct trong qu trnh hnh thnh v tin ho ca h a mng Lt Campuchia t u Paleozoi, tr thnh mt tiu lc a trong nhnh Nam ng Dng ca Proto- v Paleotethys. Vo u Mesozoi khi ny b li cun vo hot ng ca bin ho Inosinia dn n chm dt hot ng ca h a mng Lt - Campuchia.

T cui Mesozoi pht trin tip theo ch ni mng vi s thnh to cc trng quy m khc nhau kiu Ph Quc. The Cardamon block was initially a component of the Precambrian Indosinia geoblock, which was separated during the formation and development of Lt - Campuchean geosynclinal system since Early Paleozoic and became a microcontinent in the South Indochinese branch of the Proto- and Paleotethys. In the beginning of Mesozoic this block was involved into the Indosinian activiiy leading to the closure of the Lt - Campuchean geosynclinal system. Since the end of Mesozoic this structure was developed under the intraplate regime with the formation of Ph Quc type depression of different sizes. 5. Trong vn liu a cht phn v ny cn c tn l Pursat (Postelnikov, 1964) mt a danh khng in hnh. Trn bnh cu trc hin i phn v ny cn c hiu l mt hp phn ca i nng KhoratNatuna (Hamilton, 1972). In the geological literature this unit has still been named as Pursat (Postelnikov, 1964) - a noncharacteristic geographic name. This unit has been also considered as a portion of the Khorat-Natuna Uplift in the recent structural plan (Hamilton, 1972)

6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Cathaysia (Katazia) (H nn hay Phc vng nn, Platform System or Platformal Anticlinorium) 1. L T Quang, 1951. 2. Bc Bc B - Hoa Nam (I); tri di dc i ven bin N Trung Quc v B Vit Nam North Bc B - South China (I); stretching along the coastal zone of SE China and NE Vit Nam. 3. C ranh gii TB (theo hng B-TN) l cc dy Uishan-Zhulianshan-Jiunkaishan (gm c o Hi Nam) v bao gm 5 cu trc hp phn l: 1) i nng vm Phc Giang - Trit Giang; 2) i st vng Phc Giang - Qung ng; 3) i nng vm Sn Ty Qung ng; 4) nng nn Liu Chu; v 5) nng nn Hi Nam. Trn ton b min pht trin rng ri cc thnh to bin cht Tin Cambri b ph gn hu khp bi cc thnh to Proterozoi. Cc Tin Sini to nn cc h tng bin cht yu dng flysh gm s xen k cc phylit, phin v quarzit (vng mt vi); chng b un np mnh km theo phin ho v vi un np. Trong a s cc vng vng mt cc Paleozoi h, ch thy phn cc ty ca min cc c th c tui O-S (phc lm nn Vn Nam -Qung Ty). Cc thnh to evon v Carbon h ch yu l trm tch tng lc a. Min ch b ph bi cc

thnh to bin tin vo Carbon trung v sau trong Mesozoi xy ra s phun ln mnh m cc phun tro felsic km theo cc xm nhp granitoi khng l. Trong ni b h pht trin cc cu trc trt bng nh Minh Ty (Ty Phc Giang), Quan Nan (Nam Giang), Juebei (Bc Qung ng), Xiang Nan (Nam H Nam) v Guan, ko di theo phng v tuyn to nn cu trc hnh sin Its NW boundary (of NE-SW direction) consists of Uishan-Zhulianshan-Jiunkaishan Mountain Ranges (including also Hainan Island), and comprises 5 componential structures, namely: 1) FukiangZhejiang Domal Uplift Zone; 2) FukiangKwangtung Subsided Zone; 3) Shansi-Kwangtung Domal Uplift Zone; 4) Liuazhou Platformal Uplift; and 5) Hainan Platformal Uplift. On the whole region the Precambrian metamorphic formations are widespread which are almost all covered by Proterozoic formations. Presinian rocks form weakly metamorphosed flyschoid formations, which are composed of an intercalation of phyllite, schist and quartzite (without limestone); they are strongly folded, accompanied by the lamination and microfolding. In many places, the Lower Paleozoic formations are absent, only Ordovician-Silurian sediments have been met in the extreme west of the region (Yunnan-Kwangsi Platformal Synclinorium). Devonian and Lower Carboniferous

formations are composed mainly of continental beds. The region was covered by transgressive formations during only Middle Carboniferous, and then, during Mesozoic the strong effusion of felsic volcanites took place, accompanied by very large granitoid intrusions. Within the system, strike-slip structures are developed, such as: Minsi (West Fukiang), Quannan (Nankiang), Juebei (South Kwangtung), Xiangnan (South Hunan) and Guan, which stretch in the parallel direction, forming the sinusoidal structure. 4. Chuyn ng kin to Caleon vo cui Silur lm thay i b mt ca ton min v bin n tr thnh vng bo mn lu di. Sau trong Paleozoi phn ln min bt u on vng phn d v tch t trm tch. Ton min vo Mesozoi chu s chuyn ng hi sinh kiu khi tng - t gy v to ai ni la - xm nhp ln, ch yu gm granit At the end of Silurian, the Caledonian tectonic movement changed the face of the whole region, and transformed it into a permanent eroded area. Then, during Paleozoic the major part of the region began to be differentiatedly subsided and to accumulate sediments. During Mesozoic the whole region suffered the resuscitating movement of block-fault type, forming a large intrusive-

volcanic belt, which is composed mainly of granites. 5. Mt khi nim c s dng rng ri do Huang Tsisin xut (1952, 1961) coi Cathaysia l h un np Caleon. Phn ko di ca n vo Vit Nam c Yu. Pusharovski xc nh (1965) v c cng nhn rng ri. Ngoi ra cn mt khi nim quan trng na di tn gi Cathaysia l ai ni la pluton ra lc a Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi A largely used concept suggested by Huang Tsisin (1952, 1961) has been treating Cathaysia as a Caledonian fold system. Its elongated part into Vit Nam was determined by Yu. Pusharovsky (1965), and largely accepted. Apart from this, there is another important concept known under the Cathaysia name, that is the Late Mesozoic Cenozoic volcano-plutonic continental margin belt. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999. Chang Pung (i a mng ven un np, Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm vng bin gii Vit Trung thuc cc tnh Cao Bng v H Giang. K gip

vi i Sng Hin pha nam; x = 22010 - 230, y = 1050- 105030. East Bc B (I.1); located in the Vit Nam - China border area, occupying the territories of Cao Bng and H Giang Provinces. It adjoins the Sng Hin zone in the south. 3. Phc h a mng bao gm cc trm tch carbonat, lc nguyn - carbonat Cambri trung - thng. Phc h sinh ni l trm tch molas evon h. Cc phc h pht trin tip theo l cc trm tch evon v Paleozoi thng. C mt cc thnh to trm tch Mesozoi kiu Sng Hin, v mt mt ct Trias h carbonat. This geosynclinal complex consists of MiddleUpper Cambrian carbonate and terrigenocarbonate sediments. The Lower Devonian molasse represents the orogenic complex, and the Upper Paleozoic sediments indicate the following stages of the zones development. There are also a Lower Triassic carbonate formation and Mesozoic sediments of Sng Hin type. 4. i ny sinh trn ra craton Tin Cambri cng ng vi qu trnh to rift v pht trin cc i ng kiu i dung k cn (L - Gm, Ph Ng) vo Paleozoi. Ch a mng chm dt vo u evon. T gia evon chuyn sang ch ni mng. Vo Mesozoi i b li cun vo cc hot ng ca i taphrogen

Sng Hin v cc qu trnh pht trin ca ai ng Pacific. This zone was generated initially on the margin of the Pre-Cambrian craton, corresponding to the rifting and developing proccesses of the adjacent oceanic mobile zones (L - Gm and Ph Ng) in Paleozoic. The geosynclinal regime was terminated at the beginning of Devonian. Since the Middle Devonian it changed into the intraplate regime. In Mesozoic the described zone was involved into tectonic activities of the Sng Hin taphrogenous zone and developing processes of the Pacific mobile belt. 5. Trong cc m hnh phn vng kin to hin c i Chang Pung thng c ghp vo cc cu trc khc nhau (min Nam Trung Hoa, Caleonit Cathaysia hay Vit - Trung). Mi quan h ca i Chang Pung trn bnh trc hin i ca ng Bc B v Nam Trung Quc, c bit l vi cc cu trc Mesozoi, chng t tnh c lp ca i. In the geological literature, this unit is used to be attached to different structures in the available tectonic zoning model (i.e. to South China Platform; to Cathaysian or Sino-Vietamese Caledonides). In the recent structural plan of East Bc B and South China, especially in the relationship with the surrounding Mesozoic

structures, the Chang Pung zone expresses its independence 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Cn Sn (Khi nng, Uplift) 1. Ng Thng San v nnk, 1980. 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III. 2), vng thm lc a N Vit Nam South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); on the continental shelf of SE Vit Nam; x = 70 - 9030 N; y = 1050 - 107030 E. 3. L mng un np trn cc o Cn Sn, Trng, Hn Ba v cc o nh pha TN Cn o, bao gm cc phc h trm tch v magma Kimmeri (cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro Creta thng v xm nhp granitoi Mesozoi mun - u tam). Khi nng c dng ko di theo hng B-TN, nm gia cc trng Kainozoi Cu Long v Nam Cn Sn. Cc mt pha B v TN chm dn v b ph bi cc thnh to trm tch Kainozoi mng (ch yu tui Pliocen - t), ni vi khi nng Khorat-Natuna phn TN. The folded basement is exposed on the Cn Sn, Trng, Hn Ba Islands and

islets situated in the SW of the Cn o Island. It is composed of Cimmerian sedimentary and magmatic complexes (Upper Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary formations and Late Mesozoic - Early Tertiary granitoids). The uplift has an elongated form of NE-SW direction, lying between the Mekong and South Cn Sn Cenozoic Depressions. Its NE and SW ends gradually plunge, and are covered by thin Cenozoic sedimentary formations mainly of Pliocene - Quaternary age, which connect it with the Khorat-Natuna Uplift in the southwest. 4. Khi nng Cn Sn c coi l nhnh pht trin v pha B ca i TN Campuchia thuc a khi Kon Tum (mng lc a Kon Tum - Borneo), hnh thnh bi cc chuyn ng nng kiu khi - t gy trong qu trnh thnh to h thng cc trng tam ca thm lc a Sunda trong Kainozoi. The Cn Sn Uplift has been regarded as the NE branch of the SW Cambodia Zone of the Kon Tum Geoblock (Kon Tum Borneo continental plate), formed by uplift movement of block-fault type

during the forming process of Tertiary depression system of the Sunda continental shelf during Cenozoic. 5. Khi nng Cn Sn c xem l cu trc ranh gii gia cc trng du kh thm lc a N Vit Nam l Cu Long v Nam Cn Sn. Khi nim ny c cng nhn v s dng rng ri trong vn liu cu trc - kin to v a cht du kh. The Cn Sn Uplift has been regarded as the boundary structure between the petroleum-bearing Mekong and South Cn Sn Depressions situated on the continental shelf of SE Vit Nam. This viewpoint has been accepted and largely used in many literatures on tectonostructure and petroleum geology. 1. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Cn Sn (Khi cng tri, Swell) 1. Parke M.L. et al. 1971. 2. Thm lc a N Vit Nam On the continental shelf of SE Vit Nam. 5. ng ngha vi Khi nng Cn Sn Synonym of Cn Sn Uplift 6. Trn Vn Tr.

7. 9 / 1999. Cu Long (Trng Kainozoi, Cenozoic Depression) 1. Ng Thng San v nnk, 1980 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III. 2), vng thm lc a Vit Nam South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); on the continental shelf of Vit Nam; x = 8010 - 10030 N; y = 104010 - 1080 E. 3. Cc thnh to trm tch tam c chia thnh cc h tng: Cau (Oligocen), Da (Miocen h), Thng (Miocen trung), Nam Cn Sn (Miocen thng) v Bin ng (Pliocen h). Chiu dy ca cc trm tch tam t trn 5000 m. Cu trc bao gm cc i nng dng a lu v st dng a ho ca mng un np Mesozoi thng l ra khi nng Cn Sn. L cu trc c tim nng du kh ln. Tertiary sediments have been discriminated into Cau (Oligocene), Da (Lower Miocene), Thng (Middle Miocene), South Cn Sn (Upper Miocene) and Bin ng (Lower Pliocene) Formations. Their thickness reaches over 5,000 m. The structure is composed of horst-type uplifts and graben-type depressions of the Upper Mesozoic folded basement, which is exposed in the Cn Sn Uplift. It is a structure of great petroleum potentiality.

1. Trng Cu Long hnh thnh nh mt trng gia ni pht trin bt u t Eocen mun - Oligocen sm dc theo cc t gy sau khi giai on to ni un np Mesozoi mun kt thc trn mng lc a nh Kon Tum - Borneo. The Cu Long Depression was formed as an intermontane depression, which was developed since Late Eocene - Early Oligocene along the faults after the termination of the Late Mesozoic folding-orogenic stage on the Kon Tum - Borneo small continental plate. 2. Trong cc vn liu trc y trng Cu Long c xp vo cu trc Kainozoi M Cng. Nhng ti liu nghin cu mi y cho thy khi nim trng Cu Long ch dng biu th trng du kh thm lc a N Vit Nam, ngn cch vi trng Nam Cn Sn bi i nng Cn Sn. ng ngha vi trng Cu Long cn c khi nim trng Vng Tu (L Duy Bch, 1985; v.v ..). In former literature the Cu Long Depression was attributed to the Cenozoic Mekong Structure. But, according to recent research materials, the Cu Long Depression term has been used to show only a petroleum-bearing depression on the continental shelf of SE Vit Nam, which is separated with the South Cn Sn Depression by the Cn Sn Uplift. The Vng Tu Depression term (L Duy Bch,

1985; etc.) has been regarded as a synonym of the Cu Long Depression. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 3. 9/1999.

.
D - D (ng dch chuyn, Moving Line) 1. Fromaget J., 1941. 2. Chy theo phng kinh tuyn dc pha ng b bin Vit Nam t nam o Hi Nam n eo bin Sunda Running by the meridional direction along the east of Vietnamese coast from the south of Hainan Island to the Sunda Strait. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999 Lt (Ra kc a tch cc, Active continental margin) 1. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk. 1979. 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III.2); South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); x = 10020 - 13020 N, y = 106030 - 109030 E.

3. Cc phc h ni la - pluton gm anesit, acit, ryolit cng cc xm nhp granit, granoiorit n granit sng mu i km, phn b thnh i t Ph Yn n ng Nam B trong bn trm tch Jura Creta. Phng cu trc ca cc thnh to trn l B-TN vi nhng np un dng tuyn Volcano-plutonic complexes are composed of andesite, dacite and rhyolite accompanied by granite, granodiorite and leucocratic granite, that are distributed in zones from Ph Yn to East Nam B within the Jurassic-Cretaceous depositional basin. The structural trend of above cited formations is NE-SW with linear folds. 4. Vo Mesozoi mun, Nam Vit Nam tri qua hot ho magma - kin to hnh thnh ra lc a tch cc kiu Andes, v l mt phn ca ai ni la ng During Late Mesozoic, South Vit Nam passed through the tectono-magmatic reactivation, forming the active continental margin of Andes type. It is a part of the East Asian Volcanic Belt. 5. Quan im tng t c nhiu tc gi cp v m t (Gatinski v nnk. 1977, 1984; Hamilton 1979; Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1980,1986; Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk. 1982, 1986, 1992; Nguyn Tng Tri v nnk. 1989, 1991). Similar viewpoint has been touched upon and

described by many authors (Gatinsky et al. 1977, 1984; Hamilton 1979; Trn Vn Tr et al. 1980, 1986; Nguyn Xun Tng et al. 1982, 1986, 1992; Nguyn Tng Tri et al. 1989, 1991). 6. Trn Vn Tr 7. 10 / 1999. Lt - Campuchia (H a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold System) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Nam Trung B (III.2); nm pha nam ng Dng, bao gm a phn Nam Vit Nam v phn ln lnh th Campuchia. K gip vi a khi Inosinia pha bc v Caramon pha nam; x = 12030 - 140, y = 1030 - 109030 South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); located in South Indochina, occupying the territory of South Vit Nam and large areas of Campuchea, adjoining the Indosinia geoblock in the north and Cardamon block in the south. 3. Mng un np gm 3 phc h a mng l Caleon (Cambri-Silur), Hercyn (evon - Permi) v Inosini (Trias). Cc phc h pht trin tip theo gm trng ni mng (Jura h - trung), ni la - pluton (Jura thng - Creta) v cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro Kainozoi. Cc kin trc hp phn bc cao: i

Kampot- Nam Du, i ak Lin - Rovieng v i Lt. The folded basement consists of 3 geosynclinal complexes such as: the Caledonian (-S), Hercynian (D-P) and Indosinian (T) ones. The cover complex comprises the intraplate depression formations (J1-2), vulcano-plutonic complex (J3-K) and Cenozoic sedimentary-volcanic formations. The constituent structure of higher order consists of Kampot - Nam Du, k Lin - Rovieng and Lt zones. 4. H a mng xut hin vo u Paleozoi bng c ch hu hoi v sinh rift trn mng v lc a ca a khi Inosinia. Bi cnh a ng lc c s phn d ng k trong tng n v; cu trc hp thnh theo tng giai on: ra th ng k Lin - Rovieng v Lt, bin ven Kampot - Nam Du trong giai on Caleon; cung o k Lin - Rovieng v Kampot Nam Du, ra th ng Lt trong giai on Hercyn, va chm sinh ni Lt - Campuchia trong giai on Inosinia, ai ni la - pluton ra lc a Lt trong giai on Mesozoi mun- u Kainozoi. The Lt - Campuchea geosynclinal system appeared at the beginning of Paleozoic by the destruction and rifting of the continental crust of the Indosinia Geoblock. The geodynamic settings have strong differentiation in each of its structural

constituent by the time: the passive marginal regime in Lt and k Lin - Rovieng zones and marginal sea regime in Kampot - Nam Du zone in Caledonian stage; the island arc regime in k Lin - Rovieng and Kampot- Nam Du zones and the passive marginal regime in Lt zone in Hercynian stage; the collision and orogeny in Lt - Campuchean zone in Indosinian stage; the formation of Lt continental margin and volcano-plutonic zone in Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic stage. 5. C nhiu quan im khc nhau v bn tnh kin to ca phn v ny v tnh l thuc ca cc cu trc t phn bc cao. Trong nhiu mi quan h v nhng kt qu nghin cu mi c th xc nh s tn ti mt cu trc ng kiu chuyn tip i dng - lc a Paleozoi - Mesozoi c c kt vo Mesozoi mun v nm gia hai a khi Tin Cambri Inosinia v Caramon l mt thc t kin to Nam bn o ng Dng . In geological literature there are different opinions on the tectonic nature of this unit as well as the dependence of contitunt structures of high order. Based on many relationships and new study results it could identify the existence of a Paleo- Mesosoic mobile structure of transitional oceane-continental type, consolidated in Late Mesozoic and located

between the two Precambrian Indosinia and Cardamon geoblocks, as a tectonic reality in the south of the Indochina Peninsula. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Nng (i cu trc, Structural Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr, 1994. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu n Qung Nam North Trung B (II.2); Tha Thin - Hu to Qung Nam Province. 5. c ghp chung vi i cu trc Hu thnh i a mng un np thc A Vng - Long i Lumped with the Hu Structural Zone to form the A Vng - Long i Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Nng - Th Kht (i x ng lc a - lc a, Continent-continent collision Zone) Phan Trng Th, 1995 Vit-Lo (II), ko di t Thakhek (Lo) n Nng (Vit Nam)

Vit - Laos Structure (II); stretching from Thakhek (Laos) to Nng (Vit Nam); x = 160 -17020 N, y = 1050- 1080 E. 1. L mt t phn ca a khi Kon Tum, gip gii vi i un np Vit - Lo dc theo t gy trt bng Thakhek - Nng, pha ty v nam gip cc t phn khc ca a khi dc theo h t gy un ln phng v tuyn - TB-N Tam K - Phc Sn. Trong ni b i c cc thnh to bin cht Tin Cambri b ph bi cc thnh to trm tch phun tro bin v lc a T2-J lp y trng ko tch Nng Sn. Cc thnh to trm tch tui Paleozoi sm - gia l ra ra pha bc ca i. Phn pha ng b ph bi cc trm tch N-Q, i ni l hoa tui Permi (ni Ng Hnh Sn). Pht trin kh rng ri cc thnh to phun tro v xm nhp granitoi nh cc phc h i Lc (240 tr.n.), Hi Vn (T1), B N (K2-P), cc th siu mafic phc h Hip c, vv.. Dc theo i trt bng phi Thakhek - Nng cc b bin dng do, bin cht c khong tui P2-T1. This structure is a component of the Kon Tum Geoblock, which adjoins with the Vit-Laos Fold Zone along the Thakhet - Nng strike-slip fault, and with other components of the geoblock in the west and the south along the Tam K - Phc Sn Fault System of subparallel - NW-SE direction. The

studied zone is composed of Precambrian metamorphic formations, which are covered by T2-J marine and continental volcano-sedimentary formations filling up the Nng Sn pull-apart basin. Lower-Middle Paleozoic sedimentary formations are exposed in the north margin of the zone. Its eastern part is covered by N-Q sediments, locally Permian marble is exposed (Ng Hnh Sn Mt). Volcanic formations and granitoid intrusions are largely exposed, such as: i Lc (240 Ma.), Hi Vn (T1), B N (K2-P) Complexes, the ultramafic bodies of the Hip c Complex, etc... Along the Thakhek - Nng dextral strike-slip zone the rocks suffer the plastic deformation with the P2-T1 age of metamorphism. 2. L i x ng gia hai mng lc a Inosinia v u- vo Permi - Trias do s di chuyn v bc ca a khi Inosinia v s tch gin v trt v nam ca i un np Vit-Lo (t phn ca mng u-) khi hnh thnh rift Sng xa v pha bc. Qu trnh x ng to nn trt bng phi dc h thng t gy Thakhek, gy bin dng do, bin cht km theo ti nng chy cc t phn ca v v hnh thnh cc th pegmatit. The studied structure is a collisional zone between the two Indosinian and Eurasian continental plates, caused by the northward move of the Indosinian

Geoblock, and the spreading and southward slip of the Vit-Laos Fold Zone (a component of the Eurasian Plate) when the Sng Rift was formed far in the north. The collision process formed the dextral strike-slip along the Thakhek Fault System, causing the plastic deformation and metamorphism accompanied by the reburning of the crust components that created pegmatite bodies. 3. Cu trc ny thng c xem l loi cu trc ranh gii gia khi craton Inosinia Tin Cambri v kin trc un np Trng Sn (Hoffet, 1933; Fromaget, 1937, 1941; Postelnikov v nnk, 1964; .v.v.). Trong vn liu cn c nhng khi nim tng ng nh i ht chm Hng Ho - Ta Lu - Bch M (Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1992), i khu Thakhek - Nng (L Vn Mnh, Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1995), i trt ct - bin dng do Nng - A Li - Khe Sanh (T Trng Thng, 1995). This structure used to be regarded as the boundary structure between the Precambrian Indosinian cratonic block and the Trng Sn Fold Structure (Hoffet, 1933; Fromaget, 1937, 1941; Postelnikov et al, 1964,,,). In the literature there still are analogous concepts, such as: Hng Ho - Ta Lu Bch M Subduction Zone (Nguyn Xun Tng et al, 1992), Thakhet - Nng Suture Zone (L Vn

Mnh, Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1995), Nng- A Li - Khe Sanh Shear - Plastic Deformation Zone (T Trng Thng, 1995). Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999. k Lin - Hoa Hunh (i khu, Suture Zone) 1. T Hong Tinh v nnk., 1980 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III. 2). Nm tri theo phng v tuyn thuc pha bc cc tnh c Lc v Khnh Ho South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); stretching along the subparallel direction in the north part of the c Lc and Khnh Ho provinces; x = 13010 - 12050 N; y = 107040 109020 E. 3. Cu thnh bi cc thnh to trm tch: phin stsilic, silic, ngc bch, t ct kt, st vi, xen k u n vi cc phun tro anesit porphyr, bazan, tuf anesit cha ho thch tui C3-P1 (h tng k Lin). Cc thnh to va nu b ph bt chnh hp bi cc trm tch v ngun ni la Trias trung h tng Mang Giang (T2a mg) v trm tch Jura ca lot Bn n (J1-2 b). Cc ca h tng k Lin c th nm dc v to thnh nhn ca np vng cng tn Formed by such sediments as: clay-cherty shale, chert, jasper, some sandstone, marl, interbedded

with porphyritic andesite, basalt and andesitic tuffs bearing C3-P1 fauna (k Lin Formation). These sediments are covered unconformably by sediments and volcanogenic rocks of the Middle Triassic Mang Giang Formation (T2a mg) and Jurassic sediments of the Bn n Group (J1-2 b). The beds of the c Lin Formation have a steep attitude, and form the core of the homonym anticline. 4. Cc thnh to ca h tng k Lin c trng cho kiu cung o ni la hot ng vo cui Paleozoi nh mt i khu ra ty nam a khi Kon Tum The k Lin Formation characterizes the volcanic arc type, acting at the end of Paleozoic as a suture zone in the southwestern margin of the Kon Tum Geoblock. 5. Cu trc c s dng ch ranh gii pha nam ca khi nh Tin Cambri Kon Tum (theo to hin ti) bt u hnh thnh t na sau ca Paleozoi mun. Cc ti liu hin thi cho thy bn cht kiu cung o ca phn pha ty ca i khu kh r, cn phn pha ng (vng Hoa Hunh) vn cha c chng minh This structure has been used to show the southern boundary of the Precambrian Kon Tum Geoblock (according to present coordinates); it was formed at the second half of Late Paleozoic. Recent data show that the volcanic arc nature of the western part of

the suture zone is fairly clear, but that of the eastern part (Hoa Hunh area) has not been proved. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999. in Bin Ph (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) 1. ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm pha ty tnh Lai Chu v mt phn cc tnh Phongxali v Luang Phabang; x = 20037 - 22050, y = 102050-103045. West Bc B (II.3); located in the west of Lai Chu province, and a part of Phongsali and Luang Phabang provinces of Laos 3. i un np Hercyn mun ca min vng su Paleozoi c lp y trm tch ngun ni la ( phn pha bc) v lc nguyn ( phn pha nam), b ph bi cc trm tch Nori - Ret v Jura h. Cc Paleozoi bt u bng vi C2- P trn l cc trm tch P- T1 (cc h tng Sng v Ty Chang). Mt s thn nh granit phc h Phia Bioc xuyn ct. Ra dng-bc c cu to vy. B ph bi cc trm tch lc a Jura - Creta. This is a Late Hercynian folded zone of a Late Paleozoic depression, filled up with volcanogenic (in the north) and terrigenous (in the south)

sediments, which were covered by Norian-Rhaetian and Lower Jurassic formations. Paleozoic sequences begin by Middle Carboniferous Permian limestone, which grades upward to Permian-Triassic sediments. Some small bodies of granite of the Phia Bioc complex penetrated them. There is the scaly structure in the NE margin of the zone. These Paleozoic formations were covered by Jurassic - Cretaceous continental sediments. 4. c coi l t phn ca i Trng Sn vin quanh a khi Insinia pha ng bc. Bi cnh kin to trc Permi khng r (c l l st ln lin tc trong Paleozoi), t Permi n tr thnh min vng st ln mnh, nhng li b un np v b nghch o, khp kn min a mng vo cui Trias sm. Cc hot ng sau ch yu l kin sinh ca cc h thng t gy. This zone has been regarded as a component of the Trng Sn Zone binding the Indosinian Geoblock in the northeast. Its pre-Permian tectonic setting is unknown (maybe, it was subsided continuously during Paleozoic), but since Permian it became a strongly subsided depression, which was subjected to folding and reverse, then closed at the end of Early Triassic. Further activities consisted mainly of tectonism of fault systems.

5. Trong cu trc ca i cn c bo tn di ch cc thnh to kiu cung o tui Carbon mun Trias sm v kiu sinh ni Trias mun ( vng Mng T, Trn ng Tuyt, 1995), trm tch lc nguyn h tng Ty Chang c tui evon sm (Phan Sn v nnk, 1978; Tng Duy Thanh v nnk, 1986). Trn c s ny nhiu tc gi b khi nim i in Bin Ph (Trn c Lng, 1970; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975, 1979; L Duy Bch, 1980, 1985;v.v.) v coi cc cu trc vng Mng T (hay Nm P) nm k pha ty ca i t gy trt bng in Bin Khorat thuc v min un np khc (Vn Nam Malaysia hay Lo - Thi Lan). Within the zone the relics of Late Carboniferous Early Triassic island arc formations and Late Triassic orogenic formations (in Mng T, Trn ng Tuyt, 1994), and Lower Devonian terrigenous sediments are still preserved. Based on this, some authors have not been using the notion of in Bin Ph Zone (Trn c Lng, 1970; Trn Vn Tr et al. 1975, 1979; L Duy Bch, 1980, 1985; etc.), and regarding structures of the Mng T (or Nm P) area, which adjoins the west side of the in Bin - Khorat strike-slip fault zone, as belonging to another folded region (Yunnan-Malaysia, or Laos-Thailand). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch.

7. 8/1999. ng Bc Bc B (Min a mng, Geosynclinal Region) 1. Trn c Lng, 1970 2. Chim din tch ton b min ng Bc B (I.1) Occupying the area of the whole East Bc B Region (I.1). 5. ng ngha ca Min chun un np ng Vit Nam Synonym of East Vit Nam Parafolded Region. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. ng Dng -- Indochina (Min un np, Fold Belt) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975 2. T i khu Sng M v pha nam, gm phn ln Vit Nam, Lo, Campuchia, Thi Lan v mt phn ln bin ng From the Sng M Suture southward, including the major part of Vit Nam, Laos and Cambodia, Thailand and a part of East Sea; x = 8o - 23o, y = 102o - 109o E

3. Cc thnh to Phanerozoi m quanh khi Tin Cambri Inosinia gm cc trm tch lc nguyn carbonat v ni la (PR3-MZ) c b dy ln (50008500 m). Phn thp c phin silic, metabazan, metaanesit-acit, cc th siu mafic, phn gia c flysh-turbiit cha Graptolit (O-S1), lc nguyn carbonat v phn trn l vi hoc vi xen silic - anesit (PZ3) v lc nguyn - carbonat ryolit (T 12). Cc hot ng xm nhp granoiorit c tui Paleozoi gia - mun v Mesozoi. Phng cu trc thay i t TB-N vng Vit Lo, kinh tuyn cong sang hng N Ty Nam B v Campuchia gip vnh Thi Lan. Phanerozoic formations surrounding the PreCambrian Inosinia Block are composed of terrigeno-carbonate and volcanic formations (PR3MZ) which have a great thickness (5000-8500 m). The lower part consists of cherty shale, metabasalt, metaanesite-dacite, ultramafic bodies; the middle part - of flysh-turbidite bearing graptolites (O-S1) and terrigeno-carbonate, and the upper part - of limestone, or limestone interbedded with chert and andesite (PZ3), and terrigeno-carbonate-rhyolite (T12). Intrusions of granodiorite have a datation of Middle-Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The trend of the structure change from NW-SE in the Vit Nam Laos region, submeridional-arched to SE in West Nam B and Coastal Cambodia near the Thailand

Gulf 4. Cc qu trnh ht chm, va chm ca Proto-Tethys v Paleo-Tethys gn kt vi lc a Indosinia m rng dn, to thnh lin hp a khu (composite terrane) ng Dng l mt min un np a k, gm cc h un np tr dn ra ngoi. H un np Vit Lo gm cc i Caledoni Nng - S Kng, Hercyni Trng Sn Bc, H Tin - Kampot c cc hp to ophiolit dc cc i khu Tam K, P K cng nh cc xm nhp granitoi ng va chm nh cc phc h Din Bnh (PZ) v Trng Sn (PZ3). H un np Mekong gm cc i Inosini Nm U, Sr Pk v Nam Du (c phn ng bn o M Lai). Kin sinh Inosini dn n ghp ni hai mng ng Dng v Shan-Thi theo ng khu Nan Uttarait - Raub Bentong cng vi cc qu trnh bin ci, to rift ni lc Mesozoi Processes of subduction and collision of ProtoTethys and Paleo-Tethys had formed the Indosinia microcontinent, which extended gradually forming the Indochina composite terrane. It is a polycyclic fold belt, composed of younger outwards fold systems. The Vit Nam - Laos Fold System comprises the Nng - S Kng Caledonides, North Trng Sn and H Tin - Kampot Hercynides which have ophiolite associations along the Tam k and P K Sutures together with

syncollisional granitoid intrusions, such as Din Bnh (PZ2) and Trng Sn (PZ3) Complex. The Mekong Fold System comprises the Nm U, Sr Pk and Nam Du Indosinides (including the eastern part of the Malaya Peninsula). The Indosinian tectogenesis led to the coupling the two Indochina and Shan-Thai Plates by the Nan Uttaradit - Raub Bentong Suture together with the Mesozoic processes of change and intracontinental rifting. 5. Ni dung trn c k tha v pht trin cc quan im ca Fromaget (1941), Stille (1945), Ng Thng San (1965), Workman (1977), Mitchell A. (1978), Nguyn Xun Bao (1979, 1994), Nguyn Xun Tng et al (1982, 1991), Gatinski et al (1984), Phm Vn Quang (1985), etc. The above-said ideas have been inheriting and developing the viewpoints of Fromaget (1941), Stille (1945), Ng Thng San (1965), Workman (1977), Mitchell A. (1978), Nguyn Xun Bao (1979, 1994), Nguyn Xun Tng et al (1982, 1991), Gatinski et al (1984), Phm Vn Quang (1985), etc. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 9/1999. ng Dng -- Indochina (a khu lin hp, Composite Terrane) 1. Trn Vn Tr, 1989.

2. Xem: ng Dng (Min un np) See: ng Dng -- Indochina (Fold region). 3. Xem: ng Dng (Min un np) See: ng Dng -- Indochina (Fold region). 1. a khu lin hp ny bao gm cc a khu Tin Cambri Inosinia, Caleoni Nng - S Kng, Hercyni Bc Trng Sn v H Tin - Kampot, v Inosini Mkng. Chng bi kt li vi nhau qua cc ng khu tr dn t Paleozoi sm-gia ra khi nng Kon Tum sang Paleozoi mun vng VitLo, Campuchia, v Mesozoi sm lu vc sng Mkng v Ty Nam B This composite terrane is composed of the Precambrian Indosinia Terrane, Caledonide Nng - S Kng Terrane, Hercynide North Trng Sn and H Tin Kampot Terranes, and Indosinide Mekong. They were accreted with one another through sutures, which became younger from Early-Middle Paleozoic in the margin of Kon Tum Uplift, to Late Paleozoic in Vit-Laos and Cambodia regions, and Early Mesozoic in the basin of Mekong River and West Nam B. 2. Quan im bi kt rng dn quanh khi Inosinia c t lu (Fromaget 1937, 1941; Stille 1945) v sau ny ghp thnh a khu ng Dng (Bunopas, Wella 1978, 1983; Stauffer 1985;

Burrett 1985, 1990; Metcalfe 1988, 1990), tuy nhin ng hn, nn gi l a khu lin hp The viewpoint of enlarged accretion around the Indosinia Block existed long ago (Fromaget 1937, 1941; Stille 1945), and then assembled to form the Indochina Terrane (Bunopas, Wella 1978, 1983; Stauffer 1985; Burrett 1985, 1990), however it should be more exact to regard this structure as a composite terrane. 3. Trn Vn Tr. 4. 10 / 1999. ng Triu - Mng Ci (Min Vng, Depression) 1. Kitovani S., 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); vng b than Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh Coal Basin. 5. ng ngha ca a ho Mesozoi chng cha than Hn Gai Synonym of Mesozoic coal - bearing Superimposed Graben.. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. ng Vit Nam (Min chun un np, East Vit Nam Parafolded Region)

1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); chim ton b din tch vng ny vi ranh gii pha ty l t gy Sng Chy; x = 20030 - 23025, y = 1040 - 1080. East Bc B (I.1); occupying the whole area of this region with the Sng Chy Fault as its western boundary; x = 2030 - 2325, y = 104o- 108. 3. C mt ct y cc trm tch - bin cht - magma t Tin Cambri, Paleozoi, Mesozoi n t; bao gm cc i tng - cu trc: Sng L, Sng Hin, H Lang, An Chu, Duyn Hi v C T. Vng trng H Ni ph chng trn gc ty nam ca min v ni vi i C T. In this region there are all Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic to Cenozoic metamorphic, sedimentary to magmatic formations. It is composed of following structuro-facial zones: Sng L, Sng Hin, H Lang, An Chu, Duyn Hi and C T. The H Ni Depression covers the southwestern corner of the region in extending to the C T Zone. 4. c coi l mt ra chun nn, pht trin di nh hng nhng bin c ca a mng bn cnh v ch kin to ca n gn gi vi ch chun a mng. N gn b vi phn ty nam (np lm Vn Nam - Qung Ty) ca nn Hoa Nam. Qu trnh pht trin a mng tri qua 2 giai on k tip nhau:

Paleozoi, v Mezozoi sm, bt u t i Sng L ( trung tm min) ri lan to khng ng u sang cc i khc. S kt thc st ln, nng un np cng xy ra khng ng u cc i trong sut Paleozoi. Kt thc thi k a mng vo trc Nori chuyn sang thi k sau. This region has been regarded as the margin of a paraplatform, influenced by events in adjacent geosyncline during its development; its tectonic regime is close to the parageosynclinal regime. It is closely connected with the southwestern part (Yunnan-Guangsi syncline) of the South China Platform. The process of geosynclinal development passed through two continuing stages: Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, beginning from the Sng L Zone (lying in the center), then irregularly spreading to others. The termination of subsidence, then uplift and folding, happened also irregularly in different zones during all Paleozoic. The geosynclinal stage was closed at pre-Norian. 5. V mt khng gian tng ng vi cc kha nim v Nn c Hoa Nam (C s kin to Trung Quc, 1956), Min a mng ng Bc Bc B (Trn c Lng, 1970), i khi nn Vit-Trung (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1985), Min a mng un np Paleozoi Cathaysia (L Duy Bch, 1985), Min

un np Paleozoi (Phm Vn Quang v nnk, 1986), H un np (Hutchison, 1989). On the spatial side, the region corresponds to the notions of South China Old Platform (Treatise on tectonics of China, 1956), Northeast Bc B Geosynclinal Region (Trn c Lng, 1970), Sino-Vietnamese Megablock (Trn c Lng & Nguyn Xun Bao et al. 1985), Paleozoic Cathaysian Folded GeosynclinalRegion (L Duy Bch, 1985), Paleozoic Folded Region (Phm Vn Quang et al. 1986), Folded System (Hutchison, 1989). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

h.
H Ci (Trng chu, Trough) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm i ven bin t vng H Ci v cc o Ci Bu, Ci Chin, Vnh Thc n Mng Ci; x = 210 02- 21035, y = 107015 108005.

East Bc B (I.1); located in the coastal zone from the H Ci Lagoon area and the Ci Bu, Ci Chin and Vnh Thc islands to Mng Ci; x = 2102 - 2135, y = 10715 - 10805. 3. Trng bao gm trm tch lc a mu tui Jura (h tng H Ci). trung tm trng chu trm tch c th nm thoi n gn ngang, phn ra cnh dc 50 - 700. Chng nm bt chnh hp trn cc Nori Ret (h tng Hn Gai) pha ng v cc Orovic - Silur (h tng Tn Mi) phn bc v ng, v b ph bi cc trm tch t. Ranh gii pha bc v nam l cc t gy. The trough is composed of Jurassic red beds of the H Ci Fm. In the center, they have gentle to subhorizontal attitude, but in the limbs the dip of the beds reaches 50-70. They lie unconformably upon Norian-Rhaetian sediments of the Hn Gai Fm. in the east, and Ordovician - Silurian sediments of the Tn Mi Fm. in the north and east, but are covered by Quaternary formations. The northern and southern boundaries consist of faults. 4. Trng chu H Ci l cu trc bc cao ca i Duyn Hi. Trong i ny chuyn ng khi tng t gy trong Trias mun n Jura to nn cc khi kiu a lu, a ho c dng bc thang, trong trng chu H Ci hnh thnh vo u Jura. This is a high level structure of the Duyn Hi

Zone, in which the block-faulting movement from Late Triassic to Jurassic had formed en echelon blocks of horst and graben types, among them the studied trough took shape at the beginning of Jurassic. 5. V mt cu trc trng H Ci cn c xem l mt cu trc ca B than ng Bc B (Phm Vn Quang v nnk, 1971) hay a ho cha than Hn Gai (Nguyn nh Ct, 1969; Trn Vn Tr, 1975; v.v) . On the structural side the H Ci Trough has been still regarded as a structure of the East Bc B Coal Basin (Phm Vn Quang, 1971), or Hn Gai Coal-bearing Graben (Nguyn nh Ct, 1969; Trn Vn Tr, 1975; etc.). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. H Giang - Bc Quang (i khu ophiolit, Ophiolite Suture Zone) 1. Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1991. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm phn trung tm tnh H Giang, dc lu vc sng L; x = 220 50- 22050, y = 104015 - 104055. East Bc B (I.1; located in the centre of the H Giang Province, along the basin of the L River;

3. Thnh phn chnh l cc th siu mafic b serpentinit ho tri ngui trong trng lc v silic - carbonat tui Cambri phn b trong i L Gm. The zone is composed mainly of serpentinized ultramafic rock bodies protused in a field of Cambrian greenstone and cherty-carbonate rocks, which are distributed in the L-Gm Zone. 4. L thnh to kiu i dng c vo u Phanerozoi v b bin thnh i khu vo Caleon sm khi c s dn kt v va chm ca cc b cc a khu (terrane) thuc thch quyn Vit - Trung. This is an old oceanic type formation taking shape at the beginning of Phanerozoic, and transformed into a suture zone in Early Caledonian, when the amassment and local collision of terranes of the Sino-Vietnamese lithosphere happened. 5. Nhng t phn ring bit vng H Giang, Bc Quang c cp n trong cc cng trnh ca Trn Vn Tr v nnk (1976, 1979), Nguyn Xun Tng (1982), L Duy Bch (1985). Special components of the zone situated in H Giang and Bc Quang areas have been touched upon in the works of Trn Vn Tr et al (1976, 1979), Nguyn Xun Tng (1982), and L Duy Bch (1985). 6. L Duy Bch.

7. 8/1999. H Ni (Trng chng Kainozoi, Cenozoic Superimposed Depression) Postelnikov v nnk., 1964 Sng Hng (I.2); chim phn chu th Sng Hng Sng Hng Zone (I.2); occupying the Red River Delta; x = 20030'-220 N; y = 1050 - 106030 E. 1. Nm trn phn ko di v pha N ca a ho Sng Hng chng trn ranh gii gia min un np Ty Bc B vi nn Nam Trung Hoa. Cc thnh to trm tch tam v t ch yu l aluvi - bin c chiu dy ln v bin v yu lp y trng The depression lies on the elongated southeastward part of the Red River graben, superimposing the boundary between the West Bc B Fold Region and the South China Platform. It was filled up with Tertiary and Quaternary mainly alluvio-marine sediments, which are weakly altered and of great thickness. 2. S hnh thnh v pht trin Trng chng Kainozoi H Ni c coi l lin quan cht ch vi hot ng ca h thng t gy su Sng Hng trong Kainozoi The formation and development of the H Ni Cenozoic Superimposed Depression has been regarded as closely related to the activity of the

Red River deep-seated Fault System during Cenozoic. 3. Cc khi nim tng t thng gp trong vn liu l Vng trng gia ni tam gic chu Sng Hng (Kitovani, 1964); Vng trng Kainozoi (ovjikov v nnk, 1965; Pusharovski, 1965; Kuriavtsev v nnk, 1969); Min st vng tn kin to (Rezanov v nnk, 1967; L Duy Bch, 1975), Vng ho hoc rift (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977, 1979) Analogous terms have been usually met in the geological literature, such as: Intermontane Red River Delta Depression (Kitovani, 1964), Cenozoic Depression (Dovzhikov et al, 1965; Pusharovsky, 1965; Kudriavtsev et al, 1969), Neotectonic depression (Rezanov et al, 1967; L Duy Bch, 1975), Graben Depression 0r rift (Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977, 1979). 4. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 9/1999. H Lang (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. Phm nh Long, 1962; Vasilevskaia E. (trong ovjikov A.E. v nnk.), 1965 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm trn a phn tnh Cao Bng v tip tc ko ln a phn tnh Qung Ty (Trung Quc)

East Bc B (I.1); occupying the territory of Cao Bng province, and stretching to Kuangsi province of China; x = 220 - 23050 N; y = 106010 - 1070 E. 3. Cu thnh i H Lang c cc thnh to trm tch bin tui evon vi phn di l cc trm tch lc nguyn v phn trn l carbonat vi bt chnh hp khng ln gia evon trung v thng. Cc c trc un np bc thp to nn cc np un on, pha ng c phng -B ( v tuyn), cn pha ty c phng B-TB. Trn cc np li ln l ra cc trm tch Cambri thng (v d np li Bng Sn) hoc tui Eifel, cn phn nhn cc np lm l cc vi Frasni (v d np lm Bn Cng). i tip xc vi i Sng Hin qua h thng t gy thay th nhau dng cnh g, ni thng thy cc th xm nhp mafic. Cc th ny cn phn b ri rc trong ni b i v c kch thc rt nh The H Lang Zone was formed by Devonian marine sediments with the lower part from terrigenous sediments, and the upper- from carbonate, with a small-scale unconformity between Middle and Upper Devonian. Lower rank fold structures form brachyfolds of E-NE (subparallel) direction in the east, but N-NW in the west. On large anticlines, Upper Cambrian or Eifelian sediments are exposed (e.g. on the Bng Sn Anticline), but on the core of syncline, there are Frasnian limestones (e.g. on the

Bn Cng Syncline). The zone contacts with the Sng Hin Zone through a fault system, locally accompanied by mafic intrusive bodies. These bodies are scatteredly distributed also within the zone with small size. 4. C th nhn thy 2 thi k hnh thnh cu trc ca i: thi k gy dng cc yu t cu trc chnh xy ra trong evon gia, v thi k hnh thnh ton b cc cu trc ca i din ra sau evon. Cng vi ton b min ng Bc B i c coi l mt t phn ca ra ng ca chun nn Hoa Nam v c ch kin to kiu chun a mng Two forming stages of the structure of the zone can be noted, such as: the creating stage of the main structural elements taking place during Middle Devonian, and the forming stage of all structures of the zone taking place after Devonian. Together with the whole East Bc B Region the studied zone has been regarded as a component of the mobile margin of the South China paraplatform, that had the tectonic regime of parageosyncline type. 5. Cc c im c bn ca i H Lang c m t chi tit trong a cht min Bc Vit Nam (A.E. ovjikov v nnk, 1965). Khi nim tng t c nu trong cc cng trnh ca L Duy Bch (1982, 1985), Trn Vn Tr (1994). Ngoi ra cn c quan nim cu trc H Lang nh l: i phc np li

(Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977); Vm nng (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985); i nng (Trn Vn Thng, 1988) The basic characteristics of the H Lang Zone were given in the work Geology of North Vit Nam (A.E. Dovzhikov et al, 1965). The analogous concepts were brought up in the works of L Duy Bch (1982, 1985), and Trn Vn Tr (1994). Apart from these, there still are viewpoints regarding the H Lang Zone as Anticlinorium Zone (Trn Vn Tr et al, 1977), Uplift Dome (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), and Uplift Zone (Trn Vn Thng, 1988). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/l999. H Ni - Vnh Bc B (Trng ngun rift, Riftogenous Depression) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Sng Hng (I.2); nm ng bng sng Hng v trung tm vnh Bc B; x = 180 - 210 30, y = 1050 30-1090. Sng Hng (I.2) occupying the Red River plain and the central part of Bc B Gulf. 3. Mng un np bao gm cc trm tch bin cht Tin Cambri ca i Sng Hng, cc phc h lp ph sau

Caleon ca i Duyn Hi Bc B, cc phc h un np Inosini ca cc i Ninh Bnh, An Chu v Hn Gai - H Ci. Phc h thch kin to chnh ca trng gm cc thnh to trm tch lc nguyn, lc nguyn cha than v du kh tui Eocen, Oligocen, Miocen, Pliocen v t. The folded basement of the depression consists of Precambrian metamorphic sediments of Sng Hng zone, post-Caledonian cover complexes of Duyn Hi Bc B zone and the Indosinian folded complexes of Ninh Bnh, An Chu and Hn Gai H Ci zones. The main petro-tectonic complex of the depression consists of terrigenous, coal-bearing and petroliferous sediments aged as Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary. 4. Trng thuc kiu cu trc chng quy m ln, hnh thnh trn mng un np a sinh bng c ch sinh rift vo gia Paleogen (Paleocen). Qu trnh tch gin v st vng din ra trong Oligocen v Miocen. Pha un np ch yu xy ra vo cui Miocen. Giai on pht trin sau rift bt u t Pliocen. Lch s pht trin kin to ca trng gn b vi lch s tin ho ca i trt ct Ailaoshan - Sng Hng v bin ra Kainozoi Bin ng. The depression belongs to the type of large-scale superimposed structure, formed on the heterogeneous folded basement by rifting in Middle

Paleogene (Paleocene). The extension and subsidence processes took place in Oligocene and Miocene. The main folding phase occurred at the end of Miocene. The post-rift phase begun since Pliocene. The tectonic history of the depression is closely conjugated with the evolution of the Ailaoshan- Red River shear zone and Cenozoic Bin ng marginal sea. 5. Cc khi nim tng ng thng gp trong vn liu l: B Sng Hng (Lu Hi Thng, L Qun, 1985; L Trng Cn, v nnk., 1991), Trng Bc B (L Vn C v nnk., 1985; Phan Trung in, 1990). Hai phn v cu trc quan trng nht thng c chia nh l Min vng H Ni (nm h lu Sng Hng) v Trng Vnh Bc B (nm trung tm Vnh Bc B). In geological literature, some equivalent notions have been used such as: Red River Basin (Lu Hi Thng, L Qun, 1985; L Trng Cn, 1991); Bc B Depression (L Vn C et al. 1985; Phan Trung in, 1990). The two most important units usually subdivided consist of H Ni Depression (in the lower course of Red River) and Bc B Gulf Depression (in the Centre of Bc B Gulf). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/ 1999

 H Tin (i cu trc, Structural Zone) 1. Trn c Lng v Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985 2. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province. 5. ng ngha vi i a mng thc un np Kampot - Nam Du Synonym of Kampot - Nam Du Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Hi Nam (i to ni tn kin to lp li, Neotectonic Repeated Orogenic Zone) 1. Ng Gia Thng, 1992. 2. Sng Hng (I.2); nm pha ng ca vnh Bc B. K st pha ng nam i khu xuyn khu vc Sng Hng; x = 15o-10o30, y = 108o-109o50. Sng Hng (I.2); located in the east of Bc B Gulf, adjoining the Sng Hng transregional suture zone in the southeast. 3. i hnh thnh trn mng un np Hercyn ca h un np Cathaysia Vit - Trung. Cc phc h hnh thnh trong giai on tn kin to l cc trm tch

Kainozoi trng thm lc a vnh Bc B v o Hi Nam, v cc bazan t. The zone was formed on the Hercynian folded basement of the Vit Nam - China Cathaysian folded system. The Cenozoic sediments, filling up the basins which lie around Hainan Island (East Bc B Gulf, Yangghehai) with some Quaternary basalts in the north, indicate the neotectonic activities. 4. Qu trnh sinh rift mnh m ng v ng Nam lm ny sinh cc bn trng ln trong phm vi thm lc a Vit-Trung vo u Kainozoi. T Oligocen mun xy ra qu trnh sinh ni lp li kiu ni mng mnh, th hin bng chuyn ng khi tng phn d vng o Hi Nam v cc thm lc a k cn. The strong riftogenous proccess in the East and Southeast Asia generated series of large basins in Vit Nam - China continental shelf area in the beginning of Cenozoic. Since the Late Oligocene it took place the strong repeated orogenic phase of intraplate type which is represented by the differentiated block movements in Hainan island area and adjacent continental shelf. 5. Cc cu trc st vng Kainozoi thuc phn v ny thng c chia l trng Nam Hi Nam v trng

Yangghehai, u c xem l c tim nng hyrocarbon. The Cenozoic depressional structures of this unit is used to be divided into the South Hainan and Yangghehai depressions, both of them have been considered as perspective in hydrocarbon potentiality. 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 7/ 1999. Hi Nam - Eo bin Suna -- Hainan - Sunda strait (i t gy - ng khu xuyn khu vc, Transregional Suture - fault Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Tri dc pha ty bin ng, t thm lc a pha nam o Hi Nam theo phng kinh tuyn n eo bin Sunda (gia o Java v Sumatra ca Inonesia); x = 7o - 17o, y = 109o - 111o. This zone stretches along the western slope of the East Sea from South Hainan island shelf in the north to Sunda Strait in the south (between Java and Sumatra islands of Indonesia). 3. L kin trc ph hu kin to su, quy m hnh tinh. i c biu hin trong bnh kin trc thch quyn Vit Nam l ranh gii a ng lc gia bin

ra ng Vit Nam v cng trnh lc a a sinh ng Dng. Cu trc ni ti phc tp th hin s khp ni ca nhiu kin trc kin to khc nhau v s bin i ng hnh hc theo ng phng v chiu su. It is a deep-seated tectonic fault zone of global scale. In the structural plan of Vietnamese lithosphere it is manifested as a geodynamic limit separating East Vit Nam marginal sea from the Indochina heterogeneous continental buildings. Its inner structure is complicated and represented by the combination of many different tectonic structures formed by different kinematics in both lateral and vertical senses. 4. i ny sinh ra trong ca min chuyn tip ca ai ng Ty Thi Bnh Dng c l vo cui Mesozoi v hot ng trong sut Kainozoi cho n hin nay. This zone was generated in the inner margin of the transitional region of West Pacific mobile belt probably at the end of Mesozoic, and has been being active throughout Cenozoic up to present days. 5. Thuc phm vi thch quyn Vit Nam phn v ny cn c tn gi khc nhau: ng dch chuyn D-D (Fromaget, 1941); t gy Bin Vit (Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1977); t gy kinh tuyn 109 (Ng

Thng San v nnk, 1985); i bin dng Ailaoshan - Kalimantan (Phan Vn Qunh v nnk, 1995). In the geological literature this unit has been differently named as Transcurrent Line D-D (Fromaget, 1941); Bin Vit Fault (Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1977); 109oE Meridional Fault (Ng Thng San et al.,1985); AilaoshanKalimantan Deformed Zone (Phan Vn Qunh et al.,1995). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999 Hm Rng (Khi tiu lc a, Microcontinental Block) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm vng b bin Thanh Ho; x = 19040 - 20o, y = 105050 - 1060. North Trung B (II.2); located in Thanh Ha coastal area. 3. Mng un np l cc thnh to trm tch bin cht tui Proterozoi, b xuyn ct bi cc thnh to granitoi Paleozoi mun - Mesozoi. Phn ln din l ca khi b ph bi trm tch Kainozoi ng bng Thanh Ho v thm lc a k cn.

The folded basement consists of Proterozoic metamorphic rocks intruded by Late Paleozoic Mesozoic granitoid complexes. Cenozoic sediments cover Thanh Ha plain and adjacent continental shelf. 4. Cc phc h ca mng un np c hnh thnh ch yu t u Riphei trong bi cnh ca mt bin ra Tin Cambri. Khi c c kt vo du Riphei mun, b chia ct v li cun vo hot ng ca i dng Tethys t u Paleozoi vi t cch mt tiu lc a. Vo cui Paleozoi - Mesozoi tr thnh hp phn ca i a mng ven Thanh Ho. The folded basement formations were formed in a Precambrian marginal sea settings. The block was consolidated at the beginning of Early Riphean and became a microcontinental block in Tethyan oceanic structure since Early Paleozoic. At the end of Paleozoic - Mesosoic the block acted as a component of the Thanh Ha Miogeosynclinal zone. 5. Vi khi nim l mt t phn ca craton Arkei Vit Bc, Nguyn Xun Tng (1982) t tn l Bn nguyt Hm Rng Thanh Ho. Nhiu tc gi coi cu trc Hm Rng l hp phn ca i Thanh Ho. Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982, named this block as Hm Rng - Thanh Ha semi-circle, a constituent of Vit Bc Archean craton. In the

geological literature the block is used to be considered as a structural component of Thanh Ha zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Hong Lin Sn (i tri chm, Obduction Zone) 1. L Thc Xinh, 1979 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm dc dy Hong Lin Sn v tip tc ko ln a phn tnh Vn Nam (Trung Quc) West Bc B (I.3); occupying the Hong Lin Sn Range and continuing to stretch to the territory of Yunnan province (China); x = 210 - 23030 N; y = 102030- 105020 E. 3. Cc thnh to a cht bao gm cc bin cht Tin Cambri (c tui c nht l 2300 tr.n.), cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro v phc h magma a chng loi tui Paleozoi, Mesozoi v c bit l cc batholit granitoi Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi. Ton b i c cu trc un np - chia khi dng tuyn c phng TB-N b chia ct bi cc h thng t gy ch yu cng phng v b khng ch cht ch bi cc h thng t gy su ra pht trin lu di (Sng Hng v Sng )

Geological formations are composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks (the oldest are of 2300 Ma.), various volcano-terrigenous formations and intrusive complexes of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages, especially, Late Mesozoic - Cenozoic granitoid batholiths. The whole zone has linear fold-block structure of NW-SE direction, dissected by fault system mainly of the same direction, and closely controlled by marginal deep-seated fault systems of long duration development (Red River and Sng Systems). 4. i Hong Lin Sn xut hin vo khong t cui Jura n cui Paleogen do s p mnh gia 2 a khi ng Dng v Hoa-Vit. Trc , do s tch gin hnh thnh trng Sng , ph v thch quyn dc theo cc h thng t gy su phng TB-N phn chia thnh cc a khi Hoa-Vit v ng Dng v to nn cc khi cu trc b ct x vo cui Paleozoi u Mesozoi This zone appeared from the end of Jurassic to the end of Paleogene, by the pressure between the two Indochina and Sino - Vietnamese Geoblocks. Before this, the Sng Depression was formed by the spreading, breaking the lithosphere along deepseated fault systems of NW-SE direction. This led to the separation of the two above-mentioned geoblocks, forming structural blocks which were

dissected at the end of Paleozoic - beginning of Mesozoic. 5. Cu trc ny thc s c ngha khi xem cu trc Sng l mt t phn ca ai ng Tethys, khp kn khi cc mng x ng vo cui Trias. Tn Hong Lin Sn cn c dng ch Cng trnh ni tn kin to (L Duy Bch, 1975; Ng Gia Thng, 1990), hay a khi ngoi lai Baikali (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1979, 1986) This structure is significant when the Sng Structure is regarded as a component of the Tethys Mobile Belt, which was closed after the collision of the plates at the end of Triassic. The name Hong Lin Sn has been used also to show the Neotectonic Mountain (L Duy Bch, 1975; Ng Gia Thng, 1990), or Baikalian Allochthonous Geoblock (Trn Vn Tr et al, l979, 1986). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999. Hong Sa -- Paracel (Khi ln chm c v lc a Paleozoi, Subsided Block of Paleozoic Continental Crust) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985.

2. Nm ty bc bin ng, pha nam o Hi Nam. Bao gm qun o Hong Sa (Paracel), cn ni McClesfield v vng y bin bao quanh; x = 14o19o, y = 103o-110o. In the northwest of the East Sea, south of Hainan Island, including the Paracel archipelago and Mc Clesfield Bank and their ambient sea floor. 3. Phc h mng un np bao gm cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro Paleozoi, b ph bi cc trm tch v phun tro Mesozoi v Kainozoi. Cc trm tch Kainozoi c b dy ln (4-6 km) cc trng kiu a ho pht trin dc theo cc i t gy ln. Khi Hong Sa c ngn cch vi cc kin trc thm lc a v trng nc su Bin ng bng cc h thng np on dng st bc thang pht trin dc t gy. The folded basement consists of Paleozoic volcanosedimentary formations, covered by Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanics and sediments with the thickness (of only the Cenozoic ones) of 4-6 km, concentrating in the graben-shaped depressions developed along the faults. A system of stepflexured faults separates this block from the continental shelf structures and the East Sea deepwater depression. 4. Khi Hong Sa l mt cu trc kiu vi lc a ca bin ra ng Vit Nam. Bin ho Hercyn khp kn cc i ng ra ng Nam Trung Quc v ng

Dng, to ra mt min un np rng vi mng l Paleozoi. Thi i sinh rift mnh m vo cui Mesozoi - u Kainozoi ct ri mng un np Paleozoi, to ra cc khi lc a quy m nh b v b li cun vo hot ng mnh ca h thng bin ra Ty Thi Bnh Dng. T gia Oligocen, khi Hong Sa pht trin cng nhp vi bin ra ng Vit Nam. The Hong Sa block is a microcontinental structure of the East Vit Nam marginal sea. The Hercynian diastrophism put the end and closed the marginal Southeast China and Indochina mobile zones and created a large folded region having a Paleozoic basement. The Late Mesozoic - Early Cenozoic rifting phase destroyed and cut this Paleozoic basement for generating smaller in size continental blocks, which then participated in extensively active movements of the West Pacific marginal sea system. Since the end of Middle Oligocene, the Paracel block developed in accordance with the East Vit Nam marginal sea. 5. Cc nh a cht Trung Quc thng ghp khi Hong Sa vo cng cu trc vi o Hi Nam vi gi thit c mng un np Tin Cambri. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao (1985) xp vo loi Mesobloc. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. (1986), L Vn (1986) s dng khi nim Vi v lc a Hong Sa.

In the geological literature the Paracel block has been used to be attached by Chinese geologists to the same structural unit with Hainan island, having a supposed Pre-Cambrian folded basement. Trn c Lng and Nguyn Xun Bao (1985) considered it as a Mesoblock. Trn Vn Tr et al., (1986) and L Vn (1986) used the notion of paracel microcontinental crust. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/1999. Honh Sn (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm vng dy ni Honh Sn thuc a phn cc tnh H Tnh v Qung Bnh; x = 170 40- 18033, 105028 -106030. North Trung B (II.2; located in the Honh Sn Range, on the territory of the H Tnh and Qung Bnh Provinces. 3. Mng un np l trm tch Orovic- Silur (h tng Sng C), cc phun tro Trias, h tng cha than Nori - Ret ng . cc cnh l thnh to trm tch - phun tro tui Jura, cc th xm nhp granitoi (phc h Phia Bioc) v cc xm nhp axit nng i km phun tro Trias.

The folded basement consists of OrdovicianSilurian sediments (Sng C Fm.), Triassic effusives and Norian-Rhaetian coal-bearing ng Fm.. Jurassic volcanogeno-sedimentary formation, granitoid intrusion (Phia Bioc Complex), and felsic hypabyssal intrusion accompanying Triassic effusives are exposed in the limbs. 4. Vng chng sau a mng Honh Sn xut hin do s ti hot ng mnh m ca cc h thng t gy su ra v bn trong i un np Hercyn mun Trng Sn vo Trias v c l cng lc vi i Sm Na k cn pha bc. Bn thn cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro Mesozoi cng b un np v nhu v ph hu mnh bi cc t gy thnh cc khi m phn trc nng mnh v nghch o km theo xm nhp granit phc h Phia Bioc vo cui Trias mun. This post-geosynclinal superimposed depression appeared after the strong reactivation in Triassic of marginal and intrazonal deep-seated fault system of the Late Hercynian Trng Sn folded Zone, maybe, at the same time with the adjoining in the north Sm Na Zone. Mesozoic volcanogenosedimentary formations itself were also folded, crumpled and strongly divided by faults into blocks, the axial part of which was strongly uplifted and reversed, accompanied by granite intrusion of the

Late Triassic Phia Bioc Complex. 5. Tn ti khi nim tng ng nh Trng gia ni (Nguyn nh Ct, 1969; Morgunov, 1970), Trng ni ra kin to (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972), i taphrogen sm (L Duy Bch,1985). Equivalent notions exist, such as Intermontane Depression (Nguyn nh Ct, 1969; Morgunov, 1970), Tectonic Marginal Depression (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972), Early Taphrogene Zone (L Duy Bch, 1985). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Hn Gai (a ho Mesozoi chng cha than, Mesozoic Coal-bearing Superimposed Graben) 1. Nguyn nh Ct, 1972 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm vng b than Qung Ninh; x = 21010 - 21030, y = 105030- 107030. East Bc B (I.); located in the Qung Ninh coal basin. 3. Cu trc a ho hp, tri theo phng v tuyn. Mt ct ch yu l cc trm tch cha than Nori Ret, b un np khng u. Nm ph trn mng un np Caleon ca i Duyn hi ng Bc B, v b ph bi cc trm tch v phun tro Jura v Creta.

The structure has the form of a narrow graben, extending in the subparallel direction. The section is composed mainly of irregularly folded NorianRhaetian coal-bearing sediments, which cover the Caledonian folded basement of the Duyn Hi Zone of East Bc B, and in their turn are covered by Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments and volcanites. 4. a ho c hnh thnh ng thi vi qu trnh pht trin ca trng An Chu k cn trong giai on pht trin a mng Mesozoi min Bc Vit Nam. The graben was formed at the same time with the developing process of the adjacent An Chu Depression during the developing period of Mesozoic geosyncline in North Vit Nam. 5. Mt s khi nim khc c v tr tng ng c nu nh: Min vng ng Triu - Mng Ci (Kitovani, 1965), Trng chu Hn Gai ovjikov v nnk, 1965), Vng a ho Hn Gai - H Ci (Trn Vn Tr,v nnk, 1976). Some structures having the equivalent position have been described, such as: ng Triu - Mng Ci Depression (Kitovani, 1965), Hn Gai Trough (Dovzhikov et al, 1965), Hn Gai - H Ci Graben (Trn Vn Tr et al, 1976). 6. L Duy Bch.

7. 8/1999. Hn Gai - H Ci (Vng a ho - Graben) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1976 2. ng Bc B (I.1); vng b than Qung Ninh East Bc B (I.1); Qung Ninh Coal Basin. 5. ng ngha ca a ho Mesozoi chng cha than Hn Gai Synonym of Hn Gai Mesozoic Coal-bearing Superimposed Graben. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Hn Ngh (Trng chng, Superimposed Depression) 1. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985. 2. Ty Nam B (IV); nm trong vng bin Kin Giang thuc vnh Thi Lan West Nam B (IV); situated in the Kin Giang Sea area of the Thailand Gulf; x = 100 - 10010 N; y = 104010 - 104030 E. 3. Mt ct ch yu gm cc thnh to trm tch lc nguyn - carbonat tui Trias gia, b ph bi cc thnh to molas - phun tro gi thit c tui Jura mun - Creta. Chng b cc xm nhp felsic tui

Creta mun xuyn qua. Cu trc b chia ct bi cc t gy phng khc nhau The section of the depression is composed of Middle Triassic terrigeno-carbonate sediments, which are covered by molasso-volcanic formations of supposed Late Jurassic - Cretaceous age. They were penetrated by Late Cretaceous felsic intrusions. The studied structure was cross-cut by faults of different directions. 4. Trng c hnh thnh vo giai on hot ho cc a khi kiu lc a vo Trias v tip din sut trong Mesozoi n u Kainozoi. Nhng t liu mi (Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1994-1998, cha xut bn; Trnh Dnh v nnk, 1998, cha xut bn) cho thy v tr kin to c bit kiu ranh gii ca cu trc Hn Ngh trong khu vc Ty Nam B The depression was formed during the activation stage in the geoblocks of continent type during Triassic and continued during all Mesozoic to the beginning of Cenozoic. New data (Nguyn Xun Bao et al, 1994-1998, not published yet; Trnh Dnh et al, 1998, not published yet) have been showing the special tectonic position of boundary type of the Hn Ngh Structure in the West Nam B Region. 5. Khi nim trng chng ch dng phn nh giai on khi u ca cu trc Hn Ngh. Trn bnh cu trc hin i y l ni hi t ca cc cu trc

kiu ra lc a v cung o trong qu trnh khp kn ca Paleotethys vo cui Trias - u Jura The superimposed depression concept has been used only to reflect the beginning stage of the Hn Ngh structure. On the present structural plan, this area is the assembling place of structures of continental margin and island arc types, which appeared during the closing process of the Paleotethys at the end of Triassic - beginning of Jurassic. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Hng - - M (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1978. 2. Ty Bc B v Bc Trung B (I.3 + II.2) West Bc B and North Trung B (I.3 + II.3). 5. L mt hp phn ca Min un np Ty Vit Nam Being a component of West Vit Nam Fold Region. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999. Hu (i cu trc, Structural Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr, 1994. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); ty nam Qung Bnh n Tha Thin - Hu

North Trung B (II.2); southwest of Qung Bnh to Tha Thin - Hu Province. 5. c ghp chung vi i cu trc Nng thnh i a mng thc un np A Vng - Long i Lumped with the Nng Structural Zone to form the A Vng - Long i Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Hu -Thakhek (i un np Hercyn, Hercynian Fold Zone) 1. Hoffet, 1935; Postelnikov v nnk., 1964 2. Vit- Lo (II); chim din tch tnh Qung Bnh, Bc Qung Tr v lnh th Lo k cn (nm gia khi nh Kon Tum pha nam v i un np Mesozoi Bc Trung B pha bc) Vit-Laos (II); occupying the territory of Qung Bnh and north Qung Tr provinces with the adjacent territory of Laos (lying between the Mesozoides North Trung B Fold Zone in the north and the Kon Tum Uplift in the south); x = 16017010' N; y = 1050 - 108010' E. 3. Cc lc nguyn evon (ct kt xen phin v vi evon trung v ch yu ct kt evon thng) v lc nguyn - silic tui Vise nm bt chnh hp trn to thnh cc di ko di t ln cn T.P. Hu v pha TB n Thakhek (thuc

Lo). Cc b bin v, un np v i c cu trc tng i n gin Devonian terrigenous sediments (Middle Devonian sandstone interbedded with shale and limestone and, mainly, Upper Devonian sandstone), and Visean terrigeno-cherty sediments lying unconformably upon them, form long strips stretching from the neighbouring of the Hu Town northwestward to Thakhek (Laos). These sediments are altered and folded, and the zone has a simple structure. 4. i hnh thnh nh mt a mng ven ra ca mt min st vng a mng ln hn hnh thnh pha bc khi nh Kon Tum m trung tm ca n nm xa v pha bc (trong vng nh tri mng Mesozoi ca i un np Bc Trung B). i ny b un np trong kin sinh Hercyn (Carbon gia) v sau hu nh chm dt hot tnh kin to

The zone appeared as a miogeosyncline in the margin of a greater geosynclinal depression formed in the north of Kon Tum Uplift, the centre of which is situated far in the north (in the uplifted area of the Mesozoid basement of the North Trung B Fold Zone). It was folded during the Hercynian tectogenesis (Middle Carboniferous), and then nearly stopped its tectonic activity. 5. Khi nim i un np Paleozoi Hu Thakhek c s dng trong vn liu vi s khc bit v tui un np: hoc l Hercyn (Hoffet, 1975; Fromaget, 1941; Saurin 1965); hoc Caleon (Trn Vn Tr, 1986, 1995). Mt khi nim gn gi l i Thakhek - Nng (Phan Trng Th, 1995) The term Hu - Thakhek Paleozoic Fold Zone has been used in the literature with different datations of the folding, such as: Hercynian (Hoffet, 1975; Fromaget, 1941; Saurin, 1965); or Caledonian (Trn Vn Tr, 1986, 1995). A close concept is the Thakhek - Nng Zone (Phan Trng Th, 1995). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999.

i.
Inopacific -- Indo-Pacific (Cu trc, Structure) 1. Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1978, 1979 (Indopaxific) 2. ng Nam v Nam Trung Quc Southeast Asia and South China; x = 10o S - 35o N, y = 100o - 130o E. 3. Bao gm nhiu n v cu trc - kin to c cc thnh to trm tch, magma v bin cht t Arkei n t mun. Indopacific l mt cu trc hnh bu dc vi trc ln ko di theo phng kinh tuyn, gm c nn c Nam Trung Quc ko qua ng Nam n bin Bana Including many tectono-structural units which are composed of from Archean to Late Quaternary sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic formations. The Indo-Pacific structure is of oval shape with the big axis stretching in the submeridional line; it includes the old South Chinese platform, all the SE Asian territory, and expands to the Banda Sea. 4. Inopacific gm mng c trung bnh Nam Trung Quc v mng c ln Suninsinia (Zuninxinia, Nguyn Nghim Minh 1978), ngn cch nhau bi t gy Sng Hng ko di qua Philippin. Chng bao gm nn c Dng T, cc h un np Caleoni Cathaysia, N Cn

Lun v Meso-Kainozoi i Loan - Philippin pha Bc. Cc min un np Arkei-Mesozoi Trung Suninsinia, Meso-Kainozoi ng Sunisinia, v Proterozoi-Kainozoi Ty Suninsinia chu s tc ng qua li ca cc ai ng Thi Bnh Dng v a Trung Hi. The Indo-Pacific structure is composed of the South Chinese medium-sized plate and the Sundindosinia large-sized plate, separated one from another by the Red River Fault which stretches to Philippines. These plates includes the Yangtze Old Plaform, the Cathaysia and SE Kunlun Caledonides, and the Taiwan-Philippines MesoCenozoides in the north. The Archean-Mesozoic Middle Sundinsinia, Meso-Cenozoic East Sundinsinia and Proterozoic-Cenozoic West Sundinsinia were subjected to reeiprocal effects of the Pacific and Mediterrannean Mobile Belts. 5. Phm vi phn b ca Inopacific nu trn thc cht ch l phn N ca thch quyn -u hin ti, phn vng cu trc v lch s pht trin cn ln ln v bn cht kin to ca Suninsinia so vi ti liu thc t. Thut ng Inopacific c Valentine, Moores (1974) dng phn vng tnh ho thch bm y t ng Phi sang n trung tm Thi bnh Dng, khc hn vi phm vi phn b nu trn The above-said distributive confines of the Indo-Pacific structure, in fact, is only the southeastern part of the

present Euro-Asian lithosphere; the structural zoning and development history have some confusions on the tectonic nature of Sundinsinia in comparing with factual materials. The term Indo-Pacific has been used by Valentine and Moores (1974) for the zoning of fossil bottom-fauna province, which extends from East Africa to the centre of Pacific Ocean, entirely differing from the above-said distribution. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 8/1999. Inosinia (Khi nn, Platform Block) 1. Fromaget J., 1937. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm trung tm bn o ng Dng, thuc lnh th cc nc Vit Nam, Lo, Campuchia v mt phn Thi Lan. Middle Trung B (III.1); located in the centre of the Indochina Peninsula, on the territory of Vit Nam, Laos, Campuchea and a part of Thailand. 3. L cu trc a cht c nht bao gm mng kt tinh l cc phc h Arkei v Huron l khi Kon Tum (Annamia) v chm su di lp ph Paleozoi Mesozoi khi Khorat. Khi nn c bao quanh bi cc vng cung (l cc kin trc dng c mng un np Tin Cambri - Paleozoi h) v cc i un np nm kp gia chng . This is an oldest geological structure, composed of

the crystalline basement which consists of Archean and Huronian complexes, exposed in the Kon Tum Block (Annamia), and deeply plunging under the Paleo- Mesozoic cover of the Khorat Block (Laosia). The platform block is surrounded by arcs, which are positive structures having the Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic folded basement, and folded zones intercalated between them. 4. Khi nn Inosinia chim mt v tr c bit trong bnh kin trc ng Dng. Cc ti liu nghin cu hin nay cho thy phc h un np c nht ca khi c tui Arkei mun - Paleo- Mesoproterozoi. Trong Tin Cambri khi ng vai tr l nhn v lc a c v tng trng bng kin to bi kt. Trong Phanerozoi sm (Cambri-Permi) tr thnh tiu lc a trong min ng ng Dng, mt t phn ca Tethys. The block occupies an important position in the structural plan of Indochina. Recent research materials have been showing that the oldest folded complexes are Late Archean - PaleoMesoproterozoic in age. During Precambrian, it played the role of the core of the old continental crust, and was developed by accretionary tectonics. During Early Phanerozoic (Cambrian - Permian) it became a small continent within the Indochinese

mobile region - a constituent of Tethys. 5. Nhng khi nim v mt cu trc tiu lc a c xut hin kh sm vi cc tn gi khc nhau: "Khi Campuchia"(Suess, 1902), "Khi trung tm ng Dng " (Blondel, 1929); Khi Annamia (Fromaget, 1929; Hoffet, 1933; Saurin, 1935; Stille, 1964;v.v.). Khi nim v a khi trung tm (hay Tiu lc a) c dng ph bin t 1965 n nay. Notion on an old small continent structure appeared rather early with different names: Campuchean Block (Suess, 1902), Indochina Central Massif (Blondel, 1929), Annamia Block (Fromaget, 1929; Hoffet, 1933; Saurin, 1935; Stille, 1964; etc.), but the notion on a Central Geoblock (or Small continent) has been being widespread since 1965. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

k.
Kampot - Nam Du (i a mng thc un np, Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone)

1. L Duy Bch, 1989. 2. Nm pha ty nam ng Dng, tri di t ty bc tnh Batdamboong, qua tnh Kampot xung vng o Nam Du v vng bin C Mau; x = 8o30-13o30, y = 102o30-104o30. This zone is located in southwest of Indochina, stretching from northwest of Batdamboong Province via Kampot Province to Nam Du island area and Ca Mau offshore. 3. Mng un np bao gm cc lot trm tch v phun tro Cambri - Orovic h v Paleozoi h-trung, phun tro - trm tch Paleozoi thng, trong c ophiolit Kampot Trias. Phc h sinh ni xut hin vo cui Trias - u Jura. Cc thnh to kiu lc a pht trin trong Jura, Creta v u Kainozoi. i tip gip trc tip vi a khi Tin Cambri Caramon pha nam v trng chng Kainozoi M Kng pha bc. The folded basement of the zone consists of some sedimentary and volcanic formations dated as Cambrian - Early Ordovician, Early-Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, including also the Kampot Triassic ophiolites. The orogenic complex appeared in Late Triassic - Early Jurassic and continental formations- in Jurassic- Cretaceous up to Early Cenozoic. This zone directly adjoins the Precambrian Cardamon block in the south and the

Cenozoic Mekong superimposed depression in the north. 4. Trong vn liu a cht cn gp cc khi nim v cc cu trc t phn ca i ny nh: Cnh cung Ty Campuchia (Saurin, 1935; Fromaget, 1937, 1941), i Kampot (Hamilton, 1972), i H Tin thuc h a mng - un np Thi Lan - Malaysia (Trn c Lng v Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Bin ra Srepok - Nam Du (Nguyn Xun Tng v Trn Vn Tr, 1992). In the geological literature it may meet the notions about the structural elements of this zone, such as: West Campuchean arc (Saurin, 1935; Fromaget, 1937, 1941); Kampot zone (Hamilton, 1972); H Tin zone belonging to the Thailand-Malaysia geosynclinal folded system (Trn c Lng and Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985); Srepok - Nam Du marginal sea (Nguyn Xun Tng and Trn Vn Tr, 1992). 5. L Duy Bch. 6. 7/1992. Kan Nack (Khi kin to, Tectonic block) 1. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985. 2. Trung Trung B (III. 1); thuc a phn cc tnh Kon Tum v Pleiku

Middle Trung B (III.1); belonging to the territory of Kon Tum and Pleiku provinces; x = 13030 - 14030 N; y = 108010 - 108050 E. 3. Bao gm cc thnh to bin cht khu vc c tui c nht Vit Nam (Arkei). Cc phc h un np v bin cht ny cha ng nhiu th xm nhp thnh phn t siu mafic n felsic tui Tin Cambri Composed of regional metamorphic formations of oldest age in Vit Nam (Archean). These folded and metamorphic complexes contain many Precambrian intrusions of from ultramafic to felsic compositions. 4. Khi Kan Nack c xem l cu trc t phn bc 3 ca nn Inosinia, ni tri l mng kt tinh kiu lc a tui Arkei. N hnh thnh trong kin sinh Tin Cambri sm, cng lc vi s xut hin cc khi v lc a c ca Tri t The Kan Nack Block has been regarded as the third rank component of the Indosinian Platform, where is exposed the Precambrian crystalline basement of continental type. It was created during the Early Precambrian tectogenesis, at the same time with the appearance of the old continental crust of the Earth. 5. Cu trc Kan Nack c hiu l nhn lc a c kt sm ca ai ng Tin Cambri N (Arkei mun Proterozoi) v l hp phn c nht ca craton

Inosinia ni chung hay khi nh Kon Tum ni ring (L Duy Bch, 1985). Trn Vn Tr (1994) coi y l i un np Kareli The Kan Nack Structure has been regarded as the early consolidated SE Asia continental core of the Precambrian (Late Archean - Proterozoic) mobile belt, and as the oldest component of the Indosinian craton, in general, or of the Kon Tum Geoblock in particular (L Duy Bch, 1985). Trn Vn Tr (1994) has been regarding this as a Karelian Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Khm c (Ophiolit Tin Cambri, Precambrian Ophiolites) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm vng gip gii ca cc tnh Qung Nam, Kon Tum v Qung Ngi, k gip pha bc a khi Kon Tum; x = 15o10 - 15o50, y = 107o50-108o50. Middle Trung B (III.1); occupying the bordering area between the Quang Nam, Kon Tum and Qung Ngi Provinces, adjoining the Kon Tum geoblock in the north. 3. Thnh phn mt ct bao gm cc siu mafic b serpentinit ho, metamafic t hp cht ch vi

paramphibolit, cumingtonit, gneis v hoa. Theo t gy cc thnh to trn trn chm ln ra ca a khi Tin Cambri Kon Tum, v b ph bi cc thnh to kiu molas tui Riphei mun - Cambri (h tng P C) v b granitoi phc h Chu Lai (530 triu nm) xuyn ct. Its section is composed of serpentinized hyperbasic and metabasic rocks in combination with the paramphibolite, cummingtonite, gneisses and marble. This rocks association lies in overthrust on the northern margin of the Precambrian Kon Tum geoblock along fault zones, and is covered by Late Riphean - Cambrian molassoid (P C) formations and all these rocks are penetrated by Chu Lai granites (530 Ma). 4. Ophiolit Khm c l di ch ca v i dng c to thnh vo Riphei sm-gia ca bin ra cng tn. Chng c lu gi trong cc cu trc cung o hnh thnh vo giai on ht chm cui Riphei gia, v tr thnh th ngoi lai bng c ch chi chm (obduction) vo u Riphei mun. Ophiolit Khm c c i snh tng t vi cc t hp ophiolit Yanbian v Szupao ra pha ty v pha nam tng ng ca craton Dng T. The Khm c ophiolite represents the relics of oceanic crust of a marginal sea bearing the same name, formed in Early-Middle Riphean. It is

preserved in the island arc structures formed by subduction at the end of Middle Riphean. The successive tectonic activities make all this association an allochthon on the margin of the Kon Tum geoblock at the beginning of Late Riphean. The Khm c ophiolite could be equivalently correlated with the Yanbian and Szupao ophiolites in western and southern margins of the Yangtze craton. 5. Trong vn liu a cht Vit Nam tn Khm c cn c dng cho Khi kin to Khm c (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), i kin to Khm c (L Duy Bch, 1989), hay Cung ni la pluton ensialic (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992). In Vietnamese geological literature the name Khm c has been also used for some units, such as: Khm c tectonic block (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Khm c tectonic zone (L Dzuy Bch, 1989) and Khm c ensialic volcano-plutonic arc (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7/ 1999. Khm c (Khi kin to, Tectonic Block)

1. Trn c Lng v Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); vng gip gii gia cc tnh Qung Nam, Qung Ngi v Kon Tum Middle Trung B (III.1); the border area between Qung Nam, Qung Ngi and Kon Tum provinces. 5. ng ngha ca Ophiolit Tin Cambri Khm c Synonym of Khm c Precambrian Ophiolites. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Kinh tuyn 109 -- Meridian 109 (t gy, Fault) 1. Ng Thng San v nnk, 1985. 2. Chy theo phng kinh tuyn dc pha ng b bin Vit Nam t nam o Hi Nam n eo bin Sunda Running by the meridional direction along the east of Vietnamese coast from the south of Hainan Island to the Sunda Strait. 5. ng ngha ca i t gy - ng khu xuyn khu vc Hi Nam - Eo bin Sunda Synonym of Hainan - Sunda Strait Transregional Suture-Fault Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Kon Tum (a khi c v lc a Riphei sm,

Geoblock with the Lower Riphean Continental Crust) 1. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1982. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm a phn vng cao nguyn Ty Nguyn v cc tnh Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Ph Yn; x = 13o - 15o10, y = 108o50 - 109o. Middle Trung B (III.1); Central Vit Nam, occupying the territory of Ty Nguyn plateau and Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Ph Yn Provinces. 3. Mng un np bao gm cc thnh to bin cht tng granulit v cc thnh to xm nhp tui Arkei v tng amphibolit tui Paleo-Mesoproterozoi. Phc h sinh ni l cc thnh to molas Neoproterozoi - Cambri v cc granitoi giu nhm tri kali kiu Chu Lai. Cc phc h pht trin tip theo sau c kt gm cc trm tch, trm tch - phun tro, phun tro v xm nhp c hnh thnh trong cc kin sinh Caleon, Hercyn, Inosini v Alpi. The folded basement consists of metamorphic rocks of granulite facies, Achean magmatic complexes and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic amphibolites. The orogenic complex consists of the NeoproterozoicCambrian molassic formations and rich in Al and K granites of Chu Lai type. The post consolidated complex is represented by Caledonian, Hercynian,

Indosinian and Alpian sedimentary, volcanosedimentary and intrusive magmatic formations. 4. a khi c lch s hnh thnh v pht trin lu di bt u t Arkei trn v i dng nguyn thu, nhn lc a c vo cui Arkei, ai ng u Neogei vo Paleo-Mesoproterozoi v a khi c v lc a trng thnh vo u Riphei. T cui Riphei n evon a khi b li cun vo hot ng ca min a mng ng Dng nh mt tiu lc a. T Paleozoi mun n nay pht trin theo ch ni mng. The development history of the geoblock is long and complicated since Archean from the primitive oceanic crust, becoming the oldest continental core at the end of Archean, then involved in the Neogei mobile belt in Paleo-Mesoproterozoic and consolidated as a matured continental geoblock at the beginning of Riphean. From the end of Riphean to Devonian the geoblock was again involved in the active movements of Indochinese Geosyncline as a microcontinent. The intraplate regime of its development controlled the block since Late Paleozoic up to present time. 5. Bn cht kin to ca a khi ch c xc nh chnh xc sau khi thnh lp bn a cht Vit Nam t l 1/ 500.000 (1988). Trc y a khi c quan nim l Khi kt tinh c (ch yu tui Arkei)

(Hoffet, 1933; Saurin, 1935; Fromaget, 1937, 1941), hay cu trc khi c (Khi nh: Postelnikov, 1961; a khi: Kitovani, 1964; Kuriavtsev v nnk, 1969). Tn Kon Tum cn c dng phn chia cc hnh thi kin trc (Mesobloc: Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985; khi nng: ovjikov, Mareichev, 1967) Ng Thng San v nnk (1985) xem l t phn ca Mng Kon Tum - Borneo. Khi nim ph bin rng ri nht thng ghp phn v ny vo a khi Tin Cambri Inosinia. The tectonic nature of the block was just correctly determined only after the compilation of Geological Map of Vit Nam on 1/500.000 scale (1988). Before that the block was used to be considered as the Old crystalline block (mainly of Archean age: Hoffet, 1933; Saurin, 1935; Fromaget, 1937, 1941); or the Old block structure (Uplifted block: Postelnikov, 1961; Geoblock: Kitovani, 1964; and Kudriavtsev et al, 1969). The name of Kon Tum was also used for dividing the structural morphology such as Mesoblock (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985); Uplift block (Dovzhikov, Mareitchev, 1937). Ng Thng San et al, 1985 considered it as a portion of the Kon Tum - Borneo Plate. The most widespread notions tend to attach this unit to the Precambrian Indosinian geoblock.

6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 7/1999. Kon Tum (Khi kt tinh c, Old Crystalline Block) 1. Hoffet J., 1933. 2. Trung Trung B; (III.1); Ty Nguyn v cc tnh Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Ph Yn Middle Trung B (III.1); Ty Nguyn Plateau and Qung Ngi, Bnh nh and Ph Yn provinces. 5. ng ngha ca a khi c v lc a Riphei sm Kon Tum Synonym of Kon Tum Geoblock with the Lower Riphean Continental Crust. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999.

l.
Long i (i thnh h - cu trc, Structuroformational Zone) 1. Trn c Lng v Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk., 1985.

2. Bc Trung B (II.2); ty nam Qung Bnh n Tha Thin - Hu North Trung B (II.2); southwest of Qung Bnh to Tha Thin - Hu Province. 5. c ghp chung vi i Eu - a mng un np A Vng thnh i a mng thc un np A Vng - Long i. Lumped with the A Vng Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone to form the A Vng - Long i Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999.

M.
M - C (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1978. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2) North Trung B (II.2). 5. L hp phn ca Min un np Ty Vit Nam Being a component of West Vit Nam Fold Region. 6. L Duy Bch.

7. 10/1999. Mkng (Vng trng, Depression) 1. Saurin E., 1935. 2. Ty Nam B (IV); trng ny ni vi trng Tnl Sap pha TB v b bao bc pha bc bi khi Nam Trng Sn, pha ng v ty chm di bin ng v phn B vnh Thi Lan, v c bn n chim ton b ng bng chu th h lu sng Mkng West Nam B (IV); this depression is connected with the Tonle Sap Depression in the northwest, and is surrounded by the South Trng Sn Massif in the north, its eastern and western parts plunge under the East Sea and the NE part of the Thailand Gulf; basically, it occupies the whole deltaic plain of the Mekong lower course. 3. Pha ng vng trng c phn ni cao b ph bi bazan v chy dc theo i t gy ra, pha ty v TB l ri rc cc phc h ca mng un np ca a khi (un np Hercyn) Nam Trng Sn v Ty Campuchia. Ton b vng trng (hay l np lm) c cu thnh t cc trm tch aluvi Neogen - t dy trn 1870 m In the east of the depression there is an uplift covered by basalts and stretching along a marginal fault zone, in the west and NW the complexes of the (Hercynian) folded basement of

the South Trng Sn and West Cambodia Geoblocks are scatteredly exposed. The whole depression (or syncline) is formed by NeogeneQuaternary alluvia, over 1870 m thick. 4. Sau hot ng to ni Inosini bt u mt giai on san bng cc cu trc to ni ri trong sut tam v t din ra s dao ng phn d trn din rng cc chuyn ng nng kh i xng ca cc khi Nam Trng Sn pha ng v Campuchia pha ty, bao ly cc vng st h Mkng - Tnl Sap trung tm mang tnh chuyn ng khi tng phn d, ph hu mng un np Hercyn After the Indosinian Orogeny began a levelling stage of orogenic structures, then during the whole Tertiary and Quaternary times the differentiated oscillation of symmetrical uplift of the South Trng Sn Block in the east and the Cambodia Block in the west took place largely, that surrounded the Mekong - Tonle Sap subsided area in the centre with the block differentiating movement, which destroyed the Hercynian folded basement. 5. Cu trc ny c s dng rng ri trong vn liu nh mt cu trc m ln xut hin cui Mesozoi v pht trin mnh trong Kainozoi (Postelnikov v nnk, 1964; Kuriavtsev v nnk, 1969; Mainguy, 1970;

Murphy, 1975; L Duy Bch, 1985; Hutchison, 1989; Ng Gia Thng, 1995) This structure has been largely used in the geological literature as a large negative structure appearing at the end of Mesozoic and actively developed during Cenozoic (Postelnikov et al, 1964; Kudriavtsev et al, 1969; Mainguy, 1970; Murphy, 1975; L Duy Bch, 1985; Hutchison, 1989; Ng Gia Thng, 1995). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 9/1999 Mng Nh (i trng ni mng sau va chm, Post-collisional Intraplate Depression Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996. 2. Mng T (II.1); nm huyn Mng T, pha ty tnh Lai Chu k gip pha ty nam ca i cung o un np Mng T; x = 21o30- 22o45, y = 102o 103o. Mng T (II.1); in Mng T district, situated in the west Lai Chu Province, adjoining the Mng T folded island arc in southwest. 3. Cc thnh to ch yu ca i l cc trm tch kiu molas lc a mu Jura, Creta v Paleogen. Cu

trc ni ti n gin. i tip xc vi i Mng T qua tuyn t gy. Its main formations consist of continental red molassoid sediments of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene ages. Its inner structure is relatively simple. Its contacts with the Mng T zone along fault. 4. i c hnh thnh trong bi cnh ni mng, ngay sau khi va chm ca cung o Mng T vi tiu lc a Pu Si Lung vo cui Trias. Tip tc pht trin nh mt trng ni mng trong sut Jura v Creta, i trng Mng Nh l t phn ca min trng ni mng quy m ln Xainhabuli - Phongxali. The intraplate setting, leading to the formation of the zone, occurred just after the collision between the Mng T island arc and Pu Si Lung microcontinent at the end of Triassic, and was preserved from Jurassic up to Cretaceous. The zone is represented as a component of the larger Xainhabuli - Phongxali intraplate depression. 5. J. Fromaget (1941) s dng khi nim Np lm Thng Lo ch cu trc Mesozoi rng ln Bc ng Dng, trong c din phn b ca trng hin nay c t tn l Mng Nh. Trn Vn Tr v nnk (1979) s dng khi nim Trng rift Phongxali ch kin trc tng ng l un np Thng Lo va nu.

J. Fromaget (1941) used the notion of Upper Laos Synclinel for indicating the large Mesozoic structure in North Indochina, comprising the described Mng Nh zone. Trn Vn Tr et al. (1979) used the name of Phongxali rift depression for indicating the above-said Upper Laos structure. 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 7/1999. Mng T facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Mng T (II.1); nm cc Ty Bc B, vng b tri thng lu Sng thuc huyn Mng T; x = 21025 - 22045, y = 102025 - 103005. Mng T (II.1; located in the Extreme northwest of West Bc B, in the left side of the upper course of River belonging to the Mng T District, Lqi Chu Province. 3. Trm tch Paleozoi ch yu l evon trung, thnh to trm tch - phun tro Permi - Trias, cn phn ln din tch i l cc lc nguyn Trias ca h tng Lai Chu. Khi xm nhp granitoi ln kiu batholit Pu Si Lung (tui gip Nori) xuyn ct bn trn v chim phn trc ca i. Cc b un np v to (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-

nn cu to dng vy. Ri rc dc Nm Na c cc trng nh lp y trm tch lc a tui Jura. Paleozoic sediments consist mainly of Middle Devonian, Permian-Triassic volcanogenosedimentary formation, but the major area of the zone is occupied by Triassic terrigenous sediments of the Lai Chu Formation. The great granitoid intrusion of the Pu Si Lung batholith type of preNorian age penetrates the above-said formations, and occupies the axial part of the zone. The rocks are folded, and form scaly structure. There are small depressions distributed scatteredly along the Nm Na River, filled up with Jurassic red beds. 4. i st vng trong Paleozoi, bnh n, t phn d v to lp ph (thm lc a). St vng kiu a mng bt u t Trias sm (c l tng ng vi hot ng nng - un np i in Bin Ph ln cn) v l nhnh ca a mng su Sng , chng trn ra kin trc in Bin Ph phn ny. Qu trnh un np, nghch o xy ra vo st trc Nori km theo xm nhp granitoi Pu Si Lung. The zone was subsided during Paleozoic, became stable, feebly differentiated in forming the cover (continental shelf). The subsidence of geosynclinal type began since Early Triassic, maybe corresponding to uplift-folding activities in the adjacent in Bin Ph Zone, forming a branch of

the Sng deep geosyncline, which is superimposed on the margin of the in Bin Ph structure in this part. The process of folding and reverse happened in pre-Norian, accompanied by Pu Si Lung granitoid intrusion. 5. Cu trc Mng T c vai tr quan trng nh mt yu t c lp so vi cc cu trc cn li ca Ty Bc B. Bn cht kin to ca i c hiu l a mng thuc un np Mesozoi sm (L Duy Bch, 1985), hay i cung o ni la Paleozoi mun Mesozoi sm un np (Trn ng Tuyt, 1994). This structure has the important role of an independent element in comparing with remaining structures of West Bc B. The tectonic nature of the zone has been understood as an Early Mesozoic Folded Geosyncline (L Dzuy Bch, 1985), or Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic Folded Volcanic Island ArcZone (Trn ng Tuyt, 1994). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

n.
Nam K - - Cochinchine (Lung hay Vng, Furrow or Depression) 1. Saurin E., 1935 (Sillon Cochinchinois) 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III. 2); tri theo phng kinh tuyn, nm gia ra ty khi Nam Trung B v vng B Campuchia South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); stretching in the subparallel direction between the western edge of the South Trung B Block and the NE Cambodia area; x = 100 - 130 N; y = 1060 - 1080 E. 3. Lung Nam K c lp y bi cc trm tch bin Trias trung gm cc thnh to lc nguyn (ct kt, bt kt, phin st) ph bt chnh hp trn bt kt v phin st tui Trias sm l ra ng. n lt mnh cc trm tch Trias bin li b ph bi thnh to Ct kt thng cha ho thch g b silic ho. Ti ra pha ng ca cu trc c mt cc trm tch bin gm phin st xen kp cc lp mng ct kt vi cha Cc Lias. Trn phn ln vng cc thnh to c b ph bi bazan v cc trm tch aluvi Kainozoi. Cc thnh to bin Lias nu trn b v

nhu, un np mnh theo phng ko di ca cu trc The Cochinchine Furrow was filled up with Middle Triassic terrigenous sediments (sandstone, siltstone, clay shale), which lie unconformably upon Lower Triassic siltstone and clay shale exposed in the eastern margin. In their turn Triassic marine sediments are covered by Upper Sandstone Formation bearing silicified wood. In the eastern edge of the structure there are marine sediments (clay shale interbedded with calcareous sandstone) bearing Liassic ammonites. In the most part of the structure, the old formations are covered by Cenozoic basalts and alluvia. The above-mentioned Liassic marine sediments were strongly crumpled and folded with the direction conforming to that of the structure. 4. Cu trc ny hnh thnh trong pha un np to ni Hercyn nh mt vng nm gia cc cu trc un np nng Nam Trng Sn pha ng v Ty Campuchia pha ty. St vng mnh vo u chu k Inosini to iu kin hnh thnh cc trm tch bin lp y lung ny (nh mt eo bin?) v kt thc chu k bi pha un np mnh v to ni Inosini bin cu trc ny thnh mt np lm hp This structure was formed during the Hercynian orogenic folding phase as a depression between the

South Trng Sn Uplift Fold Structure in the east and the West Cambodia in the west. The strong subsidence at the beginning of the Indosinian Cycle created the conditions to fill up this marine furrow (as a strait?) with sediments, and closed the cycle by the Indosinian orogenic and folding phase, which transformed this structure into a narrow syncline. 5. Lung Nam K l mt hp phn quan trng ca bnh cu trc phn pha nam ca craton Inosinia, v l cu trc tng phn vi i nng Lt (khi Nam Trng Sn - Saurin, 1935). Thut ng ny bao hm mt khu vc qu rng nn t c s dng trong cc cng trnh v sau The Cochinchine Furrow is an important component of the structural plan of the southern part of Indosinian Craton, and is the contrasting structure of the Lt Uplifted Zone (South Trng Sn Block Saurin, 1935). This term connotes a too large region, therefore has not been used in further works. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. Nam Cn Sn -- South Cn Sn (Trng tam, Tertiary Depression) 1. Ng Thng San v nnk., 1980. 2. Vng y bin thm lc a N Vit Nam, k gip pha N i nng Nam Cn Sn

The floor area of the SE Vit Nam continental shelf, adjoining the SE part of the South Cn Sn Uplift; x = 13030 - 14030 N; y = 108010 - 108050 E. 3. Mt ct ca trng c chiu dy 4000-5000 m, bt u t cc thnh to molas gia ni tui Eocen (?), tip theo l cc trm tch Oligocen tng bin ven b - m h ca h tng Cau, trm tch Miocen h tng bin nng ca h tng Da, trm tch Miocen trung ch yu tng bin nng ca h tng Thng, cc trm tch bin nng Miocen thng ca h tng Nam Cn Sn v Pliocen h ca h tng Bin ng The section of the depression has a thickness of 4000-5000 m, beginning by Eocene intermontane molasse (?), then Oligocene sediments of the littoral - lacustrine facies of the Cau Formation, Lower Miocene sediments of shallow marine facies of the Da Formation, Middle Miocene mainly shallow marine sediments of the Thng Formation, and Upper Miocene of the South Cn Sn Formation, and Lower Pliocene shallow marine sediments of the Bin ng Formation. 4. Trng Nam Cn Sn hnh thnh sau to ni Mesozoi mun trn c s cc trng gia ni ra N a khi Kon Tum thuc mng lc a Kon Tum - Borneo. S m rng bn trng trong thi k Oligocen mun - t chu s tc ng trc tip ca qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin do tch gin

ca trng Bin ng ra lc a u- di tc ng ht chm ca mng Thi Bnh Dng The South Cn Sn Depression was formed after the Late Mesozoic orogeny on the basis of intermontane depressions situated in the SE margin of the Kon Tum Geoblock which belongs to the Kon Tum - Borneo continental plate. The enlargement of this depression during Late Oligocene Quaternary took place under the direct impact of the forming and developing process, caused by spreading of the East Sea Depression in the margin of Eurasia continent under the impact of subduction of the Pacific Plate. 5. Trong cc vn liu trc y cu trc Nam Cn Sn, thng c gi l Bn trng Si Gn, l mt trong nhng b du kh quan trng thm lc a Vit Nam. Tn gi Nam Cn Sn hin c s dng rng ri trong vn liu a cht v a cht du kh Vit Nam In former geological literature the South Cn Sn Structure, usually known under the name Si Gn Depression, was treated as one of important petroleum basins on the Vietnamese continental shelf. At present, the name South Cn Sn has been largely used in geological, as well as in petroleum geology literature of Vit Nam.

6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. Nam Cn Sn - Ty Natuna (i to ni sau a mng Alpi, Alpian Post-geosynclinal Orogenic Zone) 1. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch, 1992. 2. Thuc phm vi thm lc a Suna, ni gip ni thm lc a Nam Vit Nam v vng thm Ty Kalimatan. Located in the frame of Sundaland continental shelf where the South Vit Nam continental shelf adjoins the West Kalimantan shelf. 3. Bao gm cc thnh to trm tch, trm tch - phun tro v phun tro ch yu c tui Kainozoi ca chui bn trng Nam Cn Sn, Ty Natuna b ngn cch nhau bi cc kin trc nng quy m khc nhau. This zone comprises sedimentary, volcanosedimentary and volcanic formations mainly of Cenozoic age. These formations filled up the South Cn Sn and West Natuna basins, which are separated one from another by swells of different sizes. 4. i ny sinh vo giai on kt thc hot ng ca cc i ng kiu chuyn tip vo cui Mesozoi ca ra bc Sundaland. Bn cht kin to ca cc cu trc hp phn l cc trng sinh ni mun pht trin trong

giai on sau a mng (giai on va chm). T Pliocen i pht trin cng nhp vi cc trng Kainozoi ca thm lc a Suna. The zone was generated at the ending stage of Mesozoic activities (the geosynclinal stage of development) of the mobile transitional zones of the northern margin of Sundaland. The constituent structures has the tectonic nature of late orogenic depressions, developed in the post-geosynclinal stage (collisional stage). Since Pliocene, the described zone has been developed in the same rhythm with Cenozoic basins of the Sunda continental shelf. 5. Trong vn liu a cht thng phn chia ring cc bn (b) hyrocarbon Nam Cn Sn (Si Gn Brunei), Ty Natuna. V tr kin to pha ngoi ca cc bn trng ny v s gn b cht ch ca chng vi t gy xuyn khu vc Hi Nam - eo bin Suna cho thy chng c hnh thnh trong bi cnh a ng lc khc cc bn trng khc, gn vi cc cu trc lc a hn. In the geological literature, the described unit used to be divided into Nam Cn Sn (Si Gn - Brunei) and West Natuna hydrocarbon basins. The outer tectonic position of these basins and their close relationship with the Hainan - Sunda Strait transregional fault shows that they were formed in

the dynamic settings differing from those of other basins, but closer to continental structures. 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 7/1999. Nam Trng Sn -- South Trng Sn (a khi, Geoblock) 1. Saurin E., 1935. (Sud de la Chaine Annamitique) 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (III. 2); l vng ni cao nguyn Nam Trung B, chim gn ton b a phn tnh Lm ng, N-N c Lc, cc tnh duyn hi Nam Trung B t Ph Yn n ln cn Vng Tu. Pha bc gip a khi Kon Tum, pha ty b chn bi vng lung Nam K, pha nam gip trng Mkng, cn pha ng l bin ng; South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); being the mountainous South Trung B Plateau, which occupies almost all the Lm ng province, S-SE part of c Lc province, coastal provinces of South Trung B from Ph Yn to the neighbourhood of Vng Tu Town; adjoining in the north the Kon Tum Geoblock, in the west the Cochinchine Furrow, in the east the East Sea, and in the south the Mekong Depression; x = 10030 12050 N; y = 1070 - 110030 E. 3. Cc c nht c ghi nhn l lot bin cht thuc "lot Lt" tui trc Hercyn (-S ?), gm

ct kt, phin, quarzit cha felspat, biotit, muscovit, turmalin. Nm bin tin trn chng l cc trm tch c khong tui D-C-P1 gm phtanit, phin, ct kt, gn tip xc vi cc th granit xuyn qua c cc phin mica, phin cha analusit v phin loang l. Phc h ny b ph bt chnh hp bi cc tp xen k phin cha pyrit v ct kt dng arkos, c coi l c tui Antracolit trung-thng, b ph trn bi cc lp phun tro acit. Cc ny b un np v chia ct bi cc t gy c hng chung l B-TN v b xuyn bi nhiu th batholit granit vi-kim gy sng ho v bin i, ngoi tr cc phun tro v trm tch lc a mu sau Hercyn. Cc trm tch v thnh to bazan Kainozoi to nn cc lp ph nm ngang

The observed oldest formations consist of metamorphic rocks belonging to the " Lt Series" of Pre-Hercynian age (-S?), which are composed of sandstone, schist, quartzite bearing feldspar, biotite, muscovite and tourmaline. Lying transgressively upon them, there are DevonianCarboniferous-Lower Permian sediments with phtanite, schists, sandstone, and in the place where they were penetrated by granite - micaschists, andalusite-bearing schist and variegated schists. This complex was covered unconformably by an intercalation of pyrite-bearing shale and arkosic sandstone regarded as of Middle-Upper Anthracolithic, which were covered by dacite. These rocks were folded and dissected by faults of NE-SW direction, and penetrated by many bodies of calc-alkaline granite batholiths, which caused the hornfelsification and alteration to them, except for post-Hercynian effusives and continental red beds. Cenozoic sediments and basalts formed horizontal cover beds. 4. Cu trc un np Caleon b pha to ni Hercyn mnh m ct x v xo phn ln, ch li t du vt trong nhn cc np li hp, ti khi l c Cambri-Silur c hng un np ch o l B-TN. Chuyn ng kin to Inosini tc ng vo a khi Nam Trng Sn ch yu mang tnh khi tng - t gy vi hot ng nng l ch yu, v bin n thnh vng bo mn bn vng. Chuyn ng to ni ch yu l nng, t nhiu phn d, trong Kainozoi kh mnh m, km theo hot ng ni la bazan lm tr li a hnh ni c c din mo nh hin ti Caledonian fold structures were dissected and eliminated the most part by the strong Hercynian orogenic phase, and it rested only some traces in the core of narrow anticlines, where the exposed

Cambrian-Silurian sediments have the NE-SW fold direction. The Indosinian tectonic movement impacted on the studied geoblock with the blockfault movement of mainly uplift character, and transformed it into a stable erosive area. The orogenic movement mainly of uplifting character, more or less differentiated, fairly strong during Cenozoic and accompanied by basaltic volcanism has rejuvenated the old mountainous relief to form the present topography. 5. Ti liu kho st trong na sau ca thp k 70 chng minh lot Lt thc cht l cc trm tch Jura b bin cht nhit bi s xuyn vo ca cc granit Creta, do a khi Nam Trng Sn thc cht l mt vng Mesozoi m sau c m t vi nhng tn gi nh: i Lt (Workman, 1977), i un np Lt (Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1978), ai ni la - pluton ra lc a (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; L Duy Bch, 1985; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1986) Research materials collected during the second half of the 70th have been proving that the Lt Series, in fact, consist of Jurassic sediments which suffered the thermal metamorphism caused by the penetration of Cretaceous granite, therefore the studied geoblock, in fact, is a Mesozoic depression which has been described under following terms:

 Lt Zone (Workman, 1977), Lt Fold Zone (Nguyn Xun Bao et al, 1978), Continental margin plutono-volcanic belt (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; L Duy Bch, 1985; Trn Vn Tr et al, 1986). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. Nm C (i ng kiu i dng Tin Cambri un np, Precambrian Mobile Fold Zone of Oceanic Type) 1. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996. 2. Vng thng ngun sng M, thuc cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La v Thanh Ho; x = 21010, y = 103010 - 105010. West Bc B (I.3); located in the upper course of M River, occupying the areas of Lai Chu, Sn La and Thanh Ha Provinces. 3. Phc h un np gm cc thnh to trm tch, phun tro tui Proterozoi b bin cht khu vc n tng amphibolit. Hin cn bo tn cu trc Tin Cambri Nm C Nm X L, Tun Gio Ching Khng - Mng Lt. B ph bi cc t phn ca ophiolit Sng M dng ngoi lai, v b cc thnh to granitoi Mesozoi xuyn ct. The this folded complex comprises Proterozoic sedimentary, volcano-sedimentary formations

regionally metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. At present, the Precambrian Nm C structure is still preserved in Nm X L, Tun Gio - Ching Khng - Mng Lt. It is covered by the components the Sng M ophiolite and intruded by Mesozoic granitoid complexes. 4. i Nm C l mt t phn ca ai ng Tin Cambri nm gia cc ai lc a Laurasia. i c hnh thnh vo Meso- Neoproterozoi. Cu trc un np ca i c hnh thnh vo khong 800 triu nm trc. Kin sinh Phanerozoi sm hu hoi v phn ct cc kin trc lc a Tin Cambri Nm C v to ra kin trc i dng mi Sng M, trong c cc phn tn d kiu tiu lc a nguyn l thnh phn ca i Nm C. The Nm C zone is a component of the Precambrian mobile belt lying between the continental belts of the Laurasia. It was formed in Meso-Neoproterozoic time. The folding proccess probably took place at about 800 Ma. The Early Phanerozoic tectonism had broken down the Nm C Precambrian continental structure and created the new oceanic Sng M structure, in which there were the remains of the Nm C zone playing the role of microcontinental blocks. 5. i Nm C cn c ghp vo cc khi c kt Huroni - Caleoni (Saurin E., 1965), phc np vng

Sng M (Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1973; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975, 1979), khi tiu lc a Sng M (L Duy Bch, 1985). In the geological literature the Nm C zone has been also united to the Huronian-Caledonian consolidated blocks (Saurin, 1965) or to the Sng M Anticlinorium (Gatinski et al, 1973; Trn Vn Tr et al, 1975, 1979) or to Sng M microcontinental block (L Dzuy Bch, 1985). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Ngc Linh (Khi kin to, Tectonic Block) 1. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); thuc a phn cc tnh trn cao nguyn Ty Nguyn, nm bao pha bc v pha ty ca khi Kan Nack Middle Trung B (III.1); occupying the territory of the provinces of Ty Nguyn Plateau, surrounding the northern and western parts of the Kan Nack Block; x = 130 - 14050 N; y = 107030 - 108010 E. 3. Mng un np ca khi bao gm cc phc h bin cht Neo- Mesoproterozoi b un np mnh. Phc h sinh ni hnh thnh vo Neoproterozoi - Cambri. Trn bnh cu trc hin ti khi Ngc Linh b chia ct bi mng t gy nhiu phng v xuyn ct bi cc khi xm nhp ch yu tui Paleozoi-Mezozoi

The folded basement of the block is composed of Neo- Mesoproterozoic strongly folded metamorphic complexes. The orogenic complex was formed during Neoproterozoic - Cambrian. On the present structural plan the Ngc Linh Block is dissected by fault nets of various directions and pentrated by mainly Paleozoic-Mesozoic intrusions 4. Khi Ngc Linh hnh thnh t mt i ng c ra khi Kan Nack vo u Neoproterozoi c kt v ghp ni vi khi Kan Nack. T Paleozoi n c tin trnh pht trin nh mt cu trc lc a The Ngc Linh Block was created from an old mobile zone in the margin of the Kan Nack Block, which was consolidated and united with the Kan Nack Block during Neoproterozoic. Since Paleozoic it had the developing process of a continental structure. 5. Cu trc Ngc Linh cn c hiu l ai v lc a Proterozoi (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1992) hay i un np Baikali (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). C nhiu du hiu chng t khi Ngc Linh l di ch ca mt i ng kiu i dng c (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996) The Ngc Linh Structure has been understood as the Proterozoic Continental Crust Belt (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr et al, 1992), or Baikalian Fold Zone (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). There are many

signs showing that the Ngc Linh Block is the remain of a mobile zone of old ocean type (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/2000. Ninh Bnh (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm k st h t gy Sng Hng, thuc phm vi cc tnh Ho Bnh, H Ty v Ninh Bnh; x = 20007 - 21010, y = 1050 - 1060. West Bc B (I.3; lying along the Red River fault system, on the territory of Ho Bnh, H Ty and Ninh Bnh Provinces. 3. Ch yu l cc h tng trm tch - phun tro tui Trias, mt s din hp pha ty bc c cc thnh to lc nguyn - carbonat evon trung v Carbon h, h st nh trm tch Neogen ng Giao v lp ph trm tch t cc ra ng, ng nam. Pht trin mt s thn xm nhp mafic, siu mafic Ba V v granit Kim Bi tui Trias mun. Cu trc chnh l np li c trc chm v bn l cc Paleozoi thng. Phun tro mafic Permi thng v Trias h c bao quanh bi cc trm tch Trias b un np tuyn tnh.

The zone is composed mainly of Triassic volcanogeno-sedimentary formations, apart from some small areas in northwest, where there are Middle Devonian and Lower Carboniferous terrigenous-carbonate formations, a small depression filled up with Neogene sediments, and a Quaternary cover in the eastern, southeastern margins. Some mafic, ultramafic intrusive bodies are exposed in Ba V area, and granite in Kim Bi. The main structure consists of an anticline, the axis of which plunges into the side of Upper Paleozoic exposures. Upper Permian and Lower Triassic mafic effusives are surrounded by Triassic sediments, which were folded in linear form. 4. c coi l phn chm su ca mng kt tinh (Tin Cambri thuc i Phan Xi Pan). Cc thnh to Paleozoi kiu thm ph trn mng ny. St vng khng mnh trong Trias do b li ko vo st ln ca i Sn La v Thanh Ho k cn. Un np xy ra trong 2 pha: Carni mun, cui Carni - u Nori (pha un np chnh), sau l hot ng sng li ca cc t gy (to cc h st) khng ch hot ng magma v st a phng kt thc vo sau a mng. This is the deeply plunging part of the Precambrian crystalline basement (belonging to the Phan Xi Pan Zone). Paleozoic formations of the shelf type cover this basement. The feeble subsidence in Triassic

was involved into the subsidence of the adjacent Sn La and Thanh Ho Zone. The folding happened in two phases: Late Carnian, and end of Carnian - beginning of Norian (main folding phase). After that, the reactivation of faults forming narrow depressions happened, controlling the magmatic activities. The local subsidence ended after the geosynclinal stage. 5. C quan nim coi i Ninh Bnh l hp phn ca i Sng (Gatinski v nnk, 1970; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975; v.v). Bn tnh kin to ca i Ninh Bnh thuc kiu ra lc a Paleozoi mun - Mesozoi sm un np, pht trin sng i vi i ng kiu i dng mi to Sng (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). This zone has been regarded as a component of the Sng Zone (Gatinski et al, 1970; Trn Vn Tr et al, 1975; etc.). The tectonic nature of the Ninh Bnh Zone belongs to the type of Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic folded continental margin type, developed parallelly with the Sng mobile zone of the newly formed ocean type L Dzuy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

p.
Phan Xi Pan (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) 1. ovjicov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); chim ton b dy ni Hong Lin Sn ko di theo phng ty bc - ng nam t bin gii Vit - Trung n lu vc Sng (khu vc th x Ho Bnh). x = 20045 - 22050, y = 103010 105025. West Bc B (I.3); occupying the whole Hong Lin Sn Range, and stretching in NW-SE trend from the Vit Nam - China border to the lower course of the River (Ho Bnh Town area). 3. Mng kt tinh gm cc bin cht (quarzit, amphibolit, phin kt tinh) Proterozoi, b ph khng chnh hp gc bi cc un np Paleozoi ch yu l trm tch lc nguyn tui Cambri n evon. i ni c lp ph trm tch - phun tro Mesozoi v cc th granitoi nhiu th h xuyn ct. i c cu trc khi, to bi cc h t gy bc cao khc nhau. The crystalline basement is composed of Proterozoic metamorphic rocks (quartzite,

amphibolite and crystalline schist), which are unconformably covered by Paleozoic folded rocks, mainly of Cambrian to Devonian terrigenous sediments. Locally, there is the Mesozoic volcanogeno-sedimentary cover, and granitoid bodies of different generations penetrating them. The zone is of block structure, formed by various fault systems of high order. 4. i nng bn vng ca min un np gip Nori thuc h un np Ty Vit Nam - mt min a mng pht trin xuyn k (Paleozoi n gip Nori). Trong Proterozoi st vng khng phn d, un np vo Neoproterozoi(?). Trong Paleozoi nng phn trung tm, cc phn ra (ty v nam) b ko vo st ln sm hn, phn ng mun hn (vo evon sm). Lch s sau (Paleozoi mun tr i) pht trin nh mt i nng bn vng. Hot ho magma - kin to xy ra mnh vo Creta - Paleogen, km theo bin cht ng lc c th ca cc t gy ln. This is a stable uplifted zone of the pre-Norian folded region, which belongs to the West Vit Nam folded system - a transacting (Paleozoic to preNorian) geosynclinal region. During Proterozoic the subsidence was not differentiated, and the folding happened in Neoproterozoic. During Paleozoic the central part of the zone was uplifted, the western and southern marginal parts began to

be subsided somewhat earlier than the eastern part. After that, since Late Paleozoic, the zone was developed as a stable uplifted zone. The tectonomagmatic activation happened strongly during Cretaceous-Paleogene, accompanied by characteristic dynamic metmorphism of great faults. 5. Bn cht kin to ca i Phan Xi Pan c hiu l i ng un np Tin Cambri (phc np vng cung o: Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch, 1982); Cung ni na - pluton (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982); i ng kiu i dng un np tch gin (L Duy Bch, 1996).V quan h kin to i Phan Xi Pan c xem nh l mt a khi (Kitovani, 1964), ai v lc a (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982), Tiu lc a (L Duy Bch, 1985). The tectonic nature of the Phan Xi Pan Zone has been regarded as Precambrian Folded Mobile Zone (Island Arc Anticlinorium: Ng Gia Thng, L Dzuy Bch, 1982); Volcano-plutonic Arc (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982); Folded Mobile Zone of Oceanic Type (L Dzuy Bch, 1996); Continental Crust Belt (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982), Microcontinent (L Dzuy Bch, 1985). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

 Phu Hot (Cnh cung kin to, Tectonic Arc) 1. Fromaget J., 1941. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); tri di t vng in Bin qua pha Thng Lo n vng ni Ngh An v ko di xung bin ng vng bin Ngh An; x = 190 - 21020, y = 1030-1060. North Trung B (II.2; stretching from the in Bin area via Upper Laos and Ngh An to the offshore zone of th province. 3. L mt mnh ca khi kt tinh c gm cc bin cht Tin Cambri to nn di Phu Hot. Ph trn l cc thnh to un np ca cc hot ng a mng Antracolit (lot Hercyn) v Mesozoi sm (lot Inosiniats trung). V hnh thi cnh cung c dng a vng m rng pha ng nam v vt nhn v pha ty bc. This is a portion of the old crystalline block, including Precambrian metamorphic rocks, which form the Phu Hot band. Folded formations of the Anthracolitic (Hercynian Group) and Early Mesozoic (Indosinias Group) geosynclinal activities cover the basement. On the configuration side the zone has the form of an anticline extending southeastward. 4. Mng un np c hnh thnh vo Tin Cambri trong i ng bao quanh a khi Inosinia. Dng

cnh cung c to thnh do cc kin sinh mun hn (Caleon v Hercyn), c bit l Inosini, pht trin trong bi cnh tng tc v nn p lin tc t pha Gondwana ln u - . The folded basement was formed in Precambrian within a mobile zone surrounding the Indosinian Geoblock. The arc form took shape by later (Caledonian and Hercynian) tectonisms, especially during Indosinian the zone was developed in a setting of continuous interaction and compression from the Gondwana side toward Eurasia. 5. Trong vn liu a cht tn gi Phu Hot thng c dng ch cc phn v cu trc - kin to nh: i tng- kin trc (ovjikov A. E . v nnk, 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970; v.v.); a khi trung tm (L Duy Bch, 1969; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972); Khi tiu lc a Tin Cambri (L Duy Bch, 1985); i un np Hercyn mun (Trn Vn Tr, v nnk, 1986; Phm Vn Quang, v nnk, 1986). In the geological literature the Phu Hot name has been used to show such tectono-structural units as: Structuro-facial Zone (Dovzhikov et al. 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970; etc.); Central Massif (L Dzuy Bch, 1969; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972); Precambrian Microcontinental Block (L Dzuy Bch, 1985); Late Hercynian Fold Zone (Trn Vn

Tr et al, 1986; Phm Vn Quang et al, 1986). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Ph Ng (Vng paleorift, Paleorift Depression) 1. Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1984. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); thuc cc tnh H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn v Thi Nguyn; x = 21040 - 23010, y = 1050 35- 1050 40. East Bc B (III.1; on the territory of H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces. 3. Mt ct a cht ch yu bao gm cc thnh to trm tch lc nguyn dng nhp tui Orovic - Silur (h tng Ph Ng), b ph bi cc trm tch - phun tro kiu sinh ni Pia Phng (S2 -D1). C bao gm c t phn ophiolit Bn Rn. Cc thnh to sau rift bt u t evon trung. The geological section of the zone is composed mainly of Ordovician - Silurian rhythmic terrigenous sediments (Ph Ng Fm.) which are covered by Pia Phng volcanogeno-sedimentary formation of orogenic type. It includes also the Bn Rn ophiolite component. Post-rift formations appeared since Middle Devonian.

4. Vng c khi sinh vo u Phanerozoi trong qu trnh hu hoi v lc a Baikali Vit - Trung, cng ng vi cc thi k pht trin ca h kin trc ng Cathaysia v kt thc hot ng vo cui Silur - u evon. The depression was created at the beginning of Phanerozoic during the destruction process of the Baikalian Sino-Vietnamese continental crust, corresponding to the developing periods of the Cathaysia mobile structure. It ended its activities at the end of Silurian - beginning of Devonian. 5. Tn Ph Ng cn c dng ch i a mng thc un np Caleon (L Duy Bch, 1987), hay i gip ni lc a (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992). The name Ph Ng has been used also for showing Caledonian Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone (L Dzuy Bch, 1987), or Continent Assembling Zone (Nguyn Xun Tng et al, 1992). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Ph Quc (i trng ra craton, Depression in Cratonic Margin Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985.

2. Ty Nam B (IV); nm vng o Ph Quc, cc qun o An Thi, Th Chu v pha nam Campuchia; x = 9o-11o, y = 103o30- 104o. West Nam B (IV); located in the Ph Quc island area, An Thi, Th Chu Archipelagos and South Campuchea. 3. Cc thnh to trm tch kiu molas lc a Mezozoi mun - Kainozoi nm ph trn mng un np Tin Cambri v cc lp ph Paleozoi - Mesozoi h ca a khi Caramon. i ni b ph bi phun tro bazan t v cc thnh to Kainozoi thng vng y bin vnh Thi Lan. Upper Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental molassoid formations cover the Precambrian folded basement and the Paleozoic - Lower Mesozoic cover of Cardamon geoblock. There are Quaternary basalt and Upper Cenozoic formations in some places and on the sea floor of Thailand Gulf. 4. Vo cui Mesozoi qu trnh va chm v khp kn ai ng Mesotethys ti ci cc i ra ca a khi Caramon, khi u cho s hnh thnh bn ra lc a Ph Quc. Bn ny tip tc pht trin trong na u Kainozoi, ch b nng ln v bin v kiu khi tng trong kin sinh Alpi khi Inostan thc vo Eurasia. At the end of Mesozoic cover the closing and collision proccesses taking place in the

Mesotethyan mobile belt had reworked the marginal zones of Cardamon geoblock, and started the formation of Ph Quc marginal basin. This basin was continuously developed in the first half of Cenozoic and being uplifted block deformed by Alpian tectonism while the Indostan collided into Eurasia. 5. i Ph Quc thng c coi l cc thnh to v ph ca a khi Caramon (hay Pursat, Postelnikov, 1961) hay i nng Khorat-Natuna (Hamilton, 1974). Nhng c trng a cht v v tr ca i c pht hin trong thi gian gn y chng t cn phn chia phn v cu trc - kin to ny thnh mt phn v c lp. The Ph Quc zone has been used to be considered as the cover formations of Cardamon geoblock (or Pursat, Postelnikov, 1961), or the Khorat-Natuna swell (Hamilton, 1974). The geological characteristics and position of the zone, discovered in recent time, show the need of establishing this tectonic structural unit as an independent division. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. P K (i khu, Suture) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 980, 1985. 2. Min Ty Trung Trung B v H-Trung Lo (III.1 -

III.2); x = 14o-18o N, y = 108o-108o E Western part of Middle Trung B and Lower-Mile Laos (III.1-III.2) 3. i khu ko di dc lu vc cc sng P K v Sa Thy qua Khm c theo phng kinh tuyn, ri ni tip vi cc i khu Tam K, ak Krng v ko sang Lo theo phng ty bc. Dc theo i khu P K thng l ra cc ni la, nh metabazan, anesit, cng nh cc th unit, peridotit, serpentinit thuc phc h Hip c c tui ng v 530 tr.n. (Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1982), v i ni cn c xm nhp iorit, granoiorit, granit biotit phc h Din Bnh c tui 418 12, 389 7 tr.n. Pha ng i khu ch yu l cc thnh to siu bin cht Tin Cambri ca khi Kon Tum, cn pha ty l cc thnh to Paleozoi v Mesozoi This suture extends along the basin of the P K and Sa Thy Rivers by the submeridional direction, through Khm c connecting with the Tam K and ak Krng Sutures, and stretches to Laos territory by the northwest direction. Along the P K Suture are usually exposed effusives, such as metabasalt, andesite, as well as bodies of dunite, peridotite and serpentinite of the Hip c Complex having the isotopic datation of 530 Ma. (Nguyn Xun Bao et al. 1982), and locally there still are intrusions of diorite, granodiorite, biotite granite of the Din Bnh

Complex of 418 12 and 389 7 Ma. In the east of the suture, there are Pre-Cambrian ultrametamorphic formations of the Kon Tum Block; as for in the west, there are Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations. 4. i khu P K hnh thnh do qu trnh ghp ni va chm cc i Paleozoi S Kng, Nng vo khi Kon Tum l phn nh ca lc a Inosinia. Di ch i dng c l t hp ophiolit Riphei - Paleozoi gia cc th mafic alpinotyp tri ngui vo i xo trn di dng olistostrom dc lu vc P K v Sa Thy, m c ni ht trn trn mng kt tinh Tin Cambri Kon Tum. ng hnh hc ca i khu c dng i t gy nghch cm v pha ng, m mt s ni c cc khi nh mng kt tinh (P) chm nghch v pha ty k bin gii Vit - Lo. The P K Suture was formed by the collisional coupling of the S Kng and Nng Paleozoids to the Kon Tum Block, which is the uplifted part of the Indosinian Continent. The old oceanic relics consist of the Riphean - Middle Paleozoic ophiolite association with alpinotypic mafic bodies protruding to the melange zone in the form of olistostrome, distributed along the basin of the P K and Sa Thy Rivers, but locally obducted upon the Pre-Cambrian Kon Tum crystalline basement. The dynamic geometry of the suture has the form of reverse fault

plunging to the east, but locally there are small blocks of the crystalline basement (P) thrusting to the west, near the Vit Nam - Laos border. 5. Cc thc th a cht ca phc h Hip c, Ngc Hi cng nh cc thnh to trm tch - ni la sinh bin cht ra ty khi Kon Tum c nhiu tc gi m t chi tit (Nguyn Xun Bao, 1982; L Tin Dng v nnk, 1993; Trnh Long, 1995; Trn Tnh v nnk, 1997, 1991; Nguyn nh Uy v nnk, 1985). Hin tng chm nghch ca khi Kon Tum c nu trong cc cng trnh ca Saurin (1935), Fromaget (1941) Real geological bodies of the Hip c and Ngc Hi Complexes, as well as metamorphosed valcanogeno-sedimentary formations at the western margin of the Kon Tum Block have been described in details by many authors (Nguyn Xun Bao, 1982; L Tin Dng v nnk, 1993; Trnh Long, 1995; Trn Tnh v nnk, 1997, 1991; Nguyn nh Uy et al, 1985). The overthrusting phenomenon of the Kon Tum Block was pointed out in the work of Saurin (1935) and Fromaget (1941) 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 9/1999 Pu Si Lung (i a mng ven Miogeosynclinal Fold Zone) un np,

1. L Duy Bch, 1986. 2. Mng T (II.1); nm vng cc Ty Bc Vit Nam thuc huyn Mng T, tnh Lai Chu gip vi tnh Vn Nam ca Trung Quc; x = 22o10- 22o50, y = 102o20- 103o. Mng T (II.1); located in the northwestern extremity of Vit Nam occupying parts of Mng T District, Lai Chu Province, adjoining the Yunnan Province of China. 3. Mng un np ca i gm cc trm tch lc nguyn tui Paleozoi (S-P) v Trias gia b xuyn ct bi pluton granitoi quy m ln tui Triat mun . The folded basement of the zone comprises Paleozoic (S-P) and Middle Triassic Lerrigenous sediments, penetrated by huge phitonic granitoids of Late Triassic age. 4. i Pu Si Lung ny sinh trn mt cu trc lc a c vo na u Paleozoi v pht trin nh mt cu trc ra th ng lc nguyn trong Paleozoi - u Trias. Qu trnh va chm khp kn cu trc kiu i dng Mng T vo u Trias mun lm ny sinh thnh to granitoi Pu Si Lung v i chm nghch Mng T. The Pu Si Lung zone was created on an old continental structure in the first half of Paleozoic, and developed as a passive margin in Paleozoic Early Triassic. In Late Triassic the collision and

closing process of the oceanic Mng T structure took place, leading to the creation of Pu Si Lung granitoid and Mng T thrust zone. 5. i Pu Si Lung thng c ghp vo cc cu trc kin to khc nhau nh: a khi Pu Si Lung - Sng M, i tng - cu trc Mng T (ovjikov v nnk, 1965). Tnh c lp ca cu trc ny ngy cng c chng minh (Trn Vn Tr, 1995; L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). This zone has been used to be united to different tectonic structures, such as: Pu Si Lung - Sng M Geoblock, Mng T facial-structural Zone (Dovzhikov et al., 1965). The independent property of the zone has been demonstrated from time to time (Trn Vn Tr, 1995; L Duy Bch and Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

r.
Ro C (Khi, Block) 1. Fromaget J., 1941.

2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm vng bin gii Vit Lo thuc cc tnh Ngh An - H Tnh v Boli Khmxay; x =17040 - 18050, y = 1040 30- 1050 30. North Trung B (II.2); locted in the Vit-Laos border zone, on the territory of the Ngh An, H Tnh (Vit Nam), and Boli Khmxay (Laos). 3. Phc h un np c l cc bin cht thuc vt liu Caleon b cc xm nhp granit tui evon xuyn qua. Phc h un np chnh l cc tp hp ca a mng Trng Sn, ch yu c tui Carbon Permi (Antracolit). The ancient fold system consists of metamorphic rocks from Caledonian materials, which were penetrated by Devonian granite. The principal fold complex consists of association of the Trng Sn Geosynclinef mainly of Carboniferous - Permian (Anthracolitic) age. 4. L mt cu trc dng trong a mng Trng Sn v c kt sm vo bin ho Caledon (evon). Pht trin nh mt nhn c kt trong chu k Hercyn v cng un np vo trc Moscovi (Carbon sm). This is a positive structure of the Trng Sn Geosyncline, which was early consolidated during the Hercynian cycle, and folded in pre-Moscovian (Early Carboniferous).

5. Tn Ro C cn c s dng ch mt i nng (Hutchison, 1989) hay i un np Hercyn sm (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). The Ro C name has been also used for showing an Uplft Zone (Hutchison, 1989), or Early Hercynian Fold Zone (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Ro Ny (i t gy ra, Marginal Fault Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); tri di t ln cn Hng Kh ko dc sng Ro Ny n bin Ba n; x = 17045 - 18035, y = 104015- 106028. North Trung B (II.2; stretching from the neighbourhood of Hng Sn townlet along the Ro Ny River to the East Sea at Ba n of the territory of Qung Bnh province. 3. i gm mt lot cc t gy cm dc, dng cnh g c phng TB-N. Cc trong i (cc trm tch phun tro tui t evon n Jura, nhng ch yu l vi Carbon - Permi, mt s thn xm nhp granit ko di dng di ca phc h Phia Bioc) b bin v v v nhu mnh. i t gy th hin r trn a hnh cng vi s phn b dc theo n cc trm tch (ngun sng) t, ko di trn 150 km.

The zone is composed of a series of precipitously dipping faults of NW-SE trend. Its section includes sediments and volcanites of from Devonian to Jurassic ages, but mainly of CarboniferousPermian, some granite band-like bodies of the Phia Bioc Complex, that were strongly altered and crumpled. The fault zone is expressed clearly on the relief. Along it there are Quaternary fluvial sediments, stretching on over 150 km. 4. Hnh thnh do cc hot ng kin to cui evon u Carbon, ng vai tr khng ch s trm ng trm tch Paleozoi thng s phn b tng v hnh thnh kin trc ca i Trng Sn. Ti hot ng nhiu ln trong lm hnh thnh i st vng Mesozoi Honh Sn km theo cc hot ng mnh ca magma ngun v, v ph hu, chia ct cc th h cu trc trc . Cn ti hot ng trong Neogen v hin ti. It was created by tectonic activities occurring at the end of Devonian - beginning of Carboniferous. It played the controlling role for the deposition of Upper Paleozoic formations, as well as the facies distribution, and the structure creation of the Trng Sn Zone. 5. L mt cu trc ph hu quan trng ca khu vc Bc Trung B, ng vai tr ranh gii gia cc i Sng C, Kim Cng, Honh Sn v Quy t. V

hnh ng hc c xem l i khu kiu phay nghch chm (Nguyn inh Ct, 1972), hay l i trt bng Sng C (Phan Vn Qunh v nnk, 1995). The zone is an important destructive structure of North Trung B region, playing the role of the boundary between the Sng C, Kim Cng, Honh Sn and Quy t Zones. On the dynamogeometric side it has been regarded as Suture Zone of Overthrust Type (Nguyn nh Ct, 1972), or Sng C Strike-Slip Zone (Phan Vn Qunh et al, 1995). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Rovieng - k Lin (i a mng trung un np, Mesogeosynlinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1989. 2. Nam Trung B v ng Nam B (IV.2); nm pha nam a khi Inosinia, tri theo phng v tuyn t vng k Lin (tnh c Lc, Vit Nam) n vng Rovieng (tnh Siem Reap, Campuchia); x = 12o4013o40, y = 103o40- 108o. South Trung B and East Nam B (III.2); located in the south of Indosinian Geoblock, stretching in subparallel direction from k Lin area (c Lc

Province, Vit Nam) to Rovieng area (Siem Reap, Campuchea). 3. Mng un np ca i bao gm cc tng cu trc Caleon (Cambri - evon), Hercyn (Carbon-Permi) v Inosini (Trias). Thnh to c trng ca cu trc ny l cc phc h phun tro anesit, anesitobazan t hp cht ch vi phin silic v mt t vi. Chng b cc xm nhp granitoi Trias mun v tr hn xuyn qua v b ph bi cc trm tch lc nguyn bin Jura h -trung. The folded basement of the zone comprises Caledonian (Cambrian-Devonian), Hercynian (Carboniferous-Permian) and Indosinian (Triassic) structural complexes. Characteristic formations of this zone consist of formations of andesite, andesitobasalt closely associated with cherty shale and a little limestone. They are penetrated by Late Triassic and younger granitoids, and covered by Lower-Middle Triassic terrigenous sediments. 4. i Rovieng- k Lin l t hp cu trc chuyn dng t ra tch cc Rovieng pha ty sang cung o k Lin pha ng (theo to hin ti), sinh thnh vo gia Paleozoi v pht trin mnh vo Paleozoi mun - u Mesozoi. Cu trc c n nh ho vo Trias mun trong kin sinh Inosini. Vo Jura pht trin cng nhp vi trng ni mng Bn n v cung ni la pluton ra lc a Lt.

The described zone is a transitional structural association from the Rovieng active margin in the west to the k Lin island arc in the east (according to present geographic coordinates). It was created in the Middle Paleozoic and was strongly developed in late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic and was consolidated in Late Triassic during the Indosinian tectonism. During Jurassic it was developed with the same rhythm together with the Bn n intraplate depression and Lt plutono - volcanic arc on the continental margin. 5. Bn cht cu trc ng kiu ra i dng ca i Rovieng- k Lin mi c pht hin (L Duy Bch, 1985; Trn Vn Tr, 1994; Trnh Long, 1996). Trc y i ny thng c ghp vo a khi Inosinia (Fromaget, 1941; Saurin, 1965; Gatinski, 1983), hoc ghp vo cu trc bin ra Srepok- Nam Du. Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1992. The tectonic nature of maginal oceanic type of this zone was recently discovered (L Dzuy Bch, 1985); Trn Vn Tr, 1994; Trnh Long, 1996). Previously, it was attached to the Indosinian Geoblock (Fromaget, 1941; Saurin, 1965; Gatinski, 1983), but Nguyn Xun Tng et al. (1992) considered this zone as the Srpk - Nam Du marginal sea structure. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999.

s.
Sm Na (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. Jamoia A. (trong ovjikov A. E. v nnk.), 1965. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); i tri di t vng in Bin Ph qua lnh th Lo ri un cong bao ly pha ng khi Phu Hot v ko n lu vc sng C North Trung B (II.2); stretching from the in Bin Ph area through Laos territory, then curving to surround the Phu Hot Block in the east, and reaching the C River Basin; x = 18030 210 N; y = 1030- 1060 E. 3. L mt vng chng Trias (np lm Sm Na Fromaget, 1934). Cc trm tch lc nguyn xen ngun ni la Anisi (h tng ng Tru) l trn np li phn B i chuyn ln trn l phin st, bt kt, ct kt Lain (h tng Quy Lng) l ra np lm phn TN i. Ph bt chnh hp trn cc va nu l cc trm tch cha than (h tng ng ), trm tch mu (h tng Ni Xc) v phun tro axit (h tng Mng Hinh) tui Jura. Cc sau Lain to thnh cc lp ph gn nm ngang,

t bin v. Dc theo cc t gy xuyn ct mng un np xut hin cc xm nhp granit (B Rnh, Sng Chu...), mt s th gabro (vng Ngc Lc). Ngoi ra cn gp phun tro bazan KZ cc vng Nh Xun and Ph Qu This is a Triassic superimposed depression (Sm Na Syncline - Fromaget, 1934). Anisian terrigenous sediments interbedded with volcanogenic rocks (ng Tru Formation) are exposed in an anticline on the NE part of the zone. They grade upward to Ladinian clay shale, siltstone and sandstone (Quy Lng Formation) exposed in a syncline on the SW part of the zone. Coal-bearing sediments (ng Formation), continental red beds (Ni Xc Formation) and felsic effusives of Jurassic age (Mng Hinh Formation) lie unconformably upon above said Middle Triassic formations. Post-Ladinian sediments form an approximately horizontal cover, which is weakly altered. Along the faults which penetrate the folded basement granite intrusions (B Rnh, Sng Chu, etc.) appear together with some gabbro bodies (Ngc Lc area). Apart from this, there are Cenozoic basalts in Nh Xun and Ph Qu. 4. St vng kiu a mng km theo hot ng ni la mnh xy ra trong khong u Trias dc

theo cc i t gy ra ti hot ng trn mt mng un np Tin Cambri v Paleozoi h-trung. Pha un np ranh gii gia Carni-Nori kt thc s pht trin on vng kiu a mng ca i. Trong Lias pht trin iu kin lc a (hnh thnh cc trng chu) ra mt vng bin ln hn xa v pha ng. S pht trin v sau ca i lin quan n s ti hot ng nhiu ln ca cc t gy ra ln to nn cc pha phun tro v hnh thnh cc h st nh dc theo chng The subsidence of geosynclinal type accompanied by strong volcanic activties took place at the beginning of Triassic along the marginal fault zones, which reactivated on the Precambrian and Lower-Middle Paleozoic folded basement. The folding phase at the Carnian-Norian boundary closed the subsiding evolution of geosynclinal type of the zone. During Liassic the continental conditions were developed in the margin of a larger sea situated far in the east. The further development of the zone was related to the repeated reactivities of great marginal faults, which created effusive phases, and formed small depressions along them. 5. Trc y J. Fromaget (1937, 1941) nu ln khi nim Np lm Sm Na trong bnh Neotrias. Cc c im chnh ca i Sm Na

c xc nh v trnh by trong cng trnh i cht min Bc Vit Nam (ovjikov A.E. v nnk, 1965). Khi nim ny c s dng rng ri trong vn liu Formerly, J. Fromaget (1937, 1941) suggested the concept on the Sm Na Syncline in the Neotriassic plan. The main characteristics of the Sm Na Zone have been determined and set forth in the work Geology of North Vit Nam (Dovzhikov A.E. et al, 1965). This concept has been largely used in the geological literature. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. S Kng (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. Nguyn Xun Bao v nnk, 1978.. 2. Inosinia (III), nm pha TB a khi Kon Tum, thuc a phn tnh Qung Nam (Vit Nam) v cc tnh Salavan v Attap (Lo) Indosinia (III); situated in the NW of the Kon Tum Geoblock, belonging to the territory of Qung Nam province (Vit Nam) and Salavan, Attapeu (Laos); x = 14030 - 15030 N; y = 1070 - 1070 20 E. 3. Phc h a mng un np ca i l cc lot trm tch lc nguyn v silic b bin v mnh c hnh thnh vo na u Paleozoi. Cu trc un np ca

i c nh hnh vo cui evon - u Carbon. Trn bnh hin ti i b phc tp ho bi h thng t gy v cc thnh to a cht tr hn, t Paleozoi thng n Kainozoi, ph ln. The geosynclinal fold complex of the zone consists of strongly altered terrigenous sediments and chert formed at the first half of Paleozoic. Its folding structure took shape at the end of Devonian - beginning of Carboniferous. On the present structural plan, this zone has been becoming complicated by fault systems and the cover, formed by from Upper Paleozoic to Cenozoic sediments. 4. i S Kng xut hin ng thi vi i A Vng - Long i theo c ch sinh rift ni mng v sau l gin y i dng ra bc ca craton Inosinia vo cui Proterozoi - u Paleozoi. C kt nh hnh ca i xy ra trong bin ho Caleon The S Kng Zone appeared at the same time with the A Vng - Long i Zone according to the intraplate rifting mechanism, and then, oceanic floor spreading in the northern margin of the Indosinian Craton at the end of Proterozoic beginning of Paleozoic. The consolidation of the zone took place during the Caledonian diastrophism.

5. Trc y J. Fromaget (1937, 1941) c nhc n kiu cu trc S Kng. Bn tnh a mng un np ca i ngy cng c cng nhn (L Duy Bch, 1985; Nguyn nh Uy, Trn Vn Tr, 1985; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1986; .vv.). Ngoi ra cn tn ti mt s khi nim khc: Aulacogen (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), i ht trn v i dng (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr, 1992) Formerly, J. Fromaget (1937, 1941) had spoken about the S Kng structure type. The geosynclinal fold nature of the zone has been more and more accepted (L Duy Bch, 1985; Nguyn nh Uy & Trn Vn Tr, 1985; Trn Vn Tr et al, 1986; etc.). Apart from this, there still are some other concepts, such as: Aulacogen (Trn c Lng & Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Zone of oceanic crust obduction (Nguyn Xun Tng & Trn Vn Tr, 1992). 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999. Sinh Vinh (i ra th ng un np, Passive Marginal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm vng h lu sng , pha ng nam ca dy ni Hong Lin Sn, thuc cc

tnh Sn La, Ph Th, Ho Bnh v H Ty; x = 21o21o10, y = 104o30- 105o30. West Bc B (I.3); in the lower course of River, situated in the southeast of Hong Lin Sn mountain range. It occupies parts of Sn La, Ph Th, Ho Bnh, and H Ty Provinces. 3. Mng un np gm cc phc h lc nguyn Cambri trung- Orovic h v carbonat - lc nguyn Orovic thng - Silur h. Ph trn c cc trm tch evon v Carbon- Permi b un np khng u. Hot ng magma xm nhp biu hin yu t. Hnh hi cu trc ca i b un cong dng vnh khuyn bao quanh pha ng nam ca i Phan Xi Pan. The folded basement consists of Middle Cambrian Lower Ordovician terrigenous formations and Upper Ordovician - Lower Silurian carbonate - terrigenous formations. Devonian and Carboniferous - Permian irregulary folded sediments covered this besement the ntusive magmatism was weekly developed. The structural configuration of the zone is bended into a semi-cirle embracing the southeastern part of Phan Xi Pan zone. 4. i khi sinh vo u Paleozoi do kin sinh Caleon bt u bng tch gin ni mng Tin Cambri v st vng ko di n Silur sm. Trong na cui Paleozoi (evon - Permi sm) i pht trin nh mt ra th ng phn d. T Permi mun i b

li cun vo hot ng mnh m ca kin sinh Mesozoi ca i i dng Sng , c c kt vo u Trias mun v hot ng nh mt cu trc lc a t cui Trias. The zone was initiated at the beginning of Paleozoic thanks the Caledonian tectonism, commencing by intraplate extension in Precambrian, and subsidence up to Early Silurian. In the last half of Paleozoic (Devonian - Early Permian) the zone was developed as a differentiated passive margin. Since Late Permian, this zone was involeed into strong activities of the Mesozoic tectonism of the Sng oceanic zone, consolidated at the beginning of Late Triassic, and developed as a continental structure at the end of Triassic. 5. i Sinh Vinh thng c ghp chung vo cu trc Phan Xi Pan (Fromaget, 1941; ovjikov v nnk, 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970). Trong mi quan h v bn cht kin to v c trng a ng lc th i Sinh Vinh phn bit r rng vi i Phan Xi Pan k t Paleozoi. The Sinh Vinh zone is used to be attached to the Phan Xi Pan zone (Fromaget, 1941; Dovzhikov et al., 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970...). In the relationship of tectonic nature and geodynamic characteristics, the Sinh Vinh zone clearly differs from Phan Xi Pan zone since Paleozoic time.

6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Sng C (i a mng un np, Geosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm dc lu vc Sng C thuc tnh Ngh An. Ngoi ra, i cn pht trin sang vng Thng Lo k cn; x = 18o50-20o30, y = 103o - 105o50. North Trung B (II.2), along C River, Ngh An Province and extending to Laos. 3. Phc h un np ca i bao gm cc thnh to trm tch lc nguyn Cambri, Orovic - Silur h v trm tch lc nguyn cha carbonat Silur thng - evon, b ph bi cc trm tch lc nguyn silic, carbonat mu v phun tro trung tnh - axit tui Permi v granitoi Permi mun - Trias sm. Cu trc ca i b phc tp ho bi kin sinh Inosini v Mesozoi mun - Kainozoi. Ranh gii pha nam ca i l tuyn t gy su Sng C. The folded complex of this zone consists of Cambrian, Ordovician- Lower Silurian terrigenous sediments and Upper Silurian - Devonian calcareous sediments. They were covered by siliceous and calcareous red sediments, acidic - intermendiate volcanics of Permian age and granitoids of Late

Permian - Early Triassic age. The structure of the zone was complicated by Indosinian and Late Mesozoic - Cenozoic tectonism. The south border of the zone is the Sng C fault zone 4. i ny sinh trn mng kiu lc a b dp v v thoi ho ra ca a khi Tin Cambri Phu Hot vo u Paleozoi. Trong sut Paleozoi sm - gia i pht trin nh mt ra th ng kiu lc nguyn. Vo Paleozoi mun c s phn d v hnh thnh mt s bn carbonat. Bin ho Hercyn c kt ho cu trc ca i vo cui Permi. Trong Mesozoi v Kainozoi i pht trin theo ch ni mng. This zone was initiated on the Precambrian degradated and broken down Phu Hot blocks margin of the continental crust at the beginning of Paleozoic. During the Early - Middle Paleozoic the zone are developed as a pasive continental margin. In late Paleozoic it was differentiated to some carbonate bassins and at the end of Permian it was consolidated by Hercynian diatrophism. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic the zone was developed in the intraplate regime. 5. Trong vn liu a cht tn Sng C thng c dng ch cc cu trc khc nhau nh i t gy (ovjikov v nnk, 1965; Gatinski v nnk, 1970); a ho tr (Rezanov v nnk, 1967); Min vng (Kitovani, 1964); i phc vng (Trn Vn Tr v

nnk, 1979). Nhng khi nim gn gi l: i thnh h - kin trc (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Tuyn ti ci tin rift (Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1992), i un np Hercyn sm (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). In the geological literature, the name Sng C has been used to indicate different structuzes, such as Fault zone (Dovzhikov et al., 1965; Gatinski et al., 1970); Young graben (Rezanov et al., 1967), Depression (Kitovani, 1964); Synclinorium zone (Trn Vn Tr et al., 1979). The nearer notions are: Structuro- Formational zone (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Prerift line (Nguyn Xun Tng et al., 1992); Early Hercynian folded zone (Trn Vn Tr, 1994) 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Sng Chy - Bc H (Ophiolit xo trn, Melange Ophiolite) 1. L Duy Bch, 1985. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm bao quanh pha ty v nam ca khi Tin Cambri Sng Chy, thuc cc tnh Lo Cai, H Giang; x = 21o40- 22o40, y = 104o10- 104o50.

East Bc B (I.1); embracing the Precambrian Sng Chy Block in the west and south, occupying the territory of Lo Cai and H Giang Provinces. 3. Cc t phn chnh l: cc siu mafic b serpentinit ho (phc h Nm Bt), gabro v gabroiabas b lc ho (phc h Bch Sa), v cc metavolcanit c thnh phn mafic t hp vi trm tch lc nguyn carbonat Cambri trung. Cc t phn va nu phn b ri rc trong mt i xo trn hp trn bnh kin trc ca i L - Gm, ni tip gip vi khi Tin Cambri Sng Chy. The main constituents consist of serpentinized hyperbasites (Nm Bt Complex), metamorphosed gabbro and gabbrodiabase (Bch Sa Complex) and the metavolcanics associated with Middle Cambrian terrigeno-carbonate sediments. These components are scatteredly in a narrow melange zone of the L - Gm structural zone along the contact with the Sng Chy Precambrian block. 4. Ophiolit Sng Chy - Bc H hnh thnh trong cc kin trc i dng mi to do kin sinh hu hoi v sinh rift phn tch trn v lc a Riphei mun ca khi nn Vit-Trung t cui Proterozoi, tin thn ca i L - Gm. Bin ho Caleon bt u t evon khp kn kin trc i dng L-Gm, tri chm cc t phn ophiolit Sng Chy - Bc H

trong i va chm v xo trn phc tp. Kin sinh Hercyn v Inosini lm phc tp thm cu trc ni b ca i xo trn ny. The Sng Chy - Bc H Ophiolite was probably formed in the newly created oceanic structures by the destruction and rifting of the Sino - Vietnamese Late Riphean platform at the end of Proterozoic becoming the oldest structures of L - Gm Zone. The Caledonian diastrophism since Devonian had closed the L-Gm oceanic structure and pushed the portions of Sng Chy - Bc H ophiolite by obduction mechanism to a collision melange zone. The following Hercynian and Indosinian tectonisms made more complicated the inner structures of this melange zone. 5. V s tn ti thnh to kiu ophiolit vng ng Bc B c cp trong mt s cng trnh khc nhau (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977, 1986; Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; Gatinski v nnk, 1991; Bi Minh Tm v nnk, 1997). The existence of the ophiolite type formation in East Bc B region has been touched upon in some works such as Trn Vn Tr et al., 1977, 1986;

Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; Gatinski et al. 1991; Bi Minh Tm et al., 1997. 6. L Duy Bch . 7.8/1999. Sng (Rift, Rift) 1. Gatinski Yu. et al, 1977. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); chim ton b din tch khu vc ny v tnh Thanh Ho thuc Bc Trung B (II.2); x = 20 - 2328, y = 103 - 10630. West Bc B (I.3); occupying the whole territory of this region and the Thanh Ho Province of North Trung B (II.2). 3. Cc thnh to Proterozoi - Paleozoi thng l ra dc ra TN dy Hong Lin Sn v B b tri sng M. Tip trn l trm tch carbonat - bazan olivin kim (C3-P1), bazan - anesit - picrit, bazan - ryolit, picrit - iabas, bazan komatit cao magnesi (P2), bazan - trachyt v trm tch lc nguyn (T1), carbonat v lc nguyn ht mn (T2-3), c b dy t ti 3.500 - 5.000 m. Cc k trn b un np mnh, i ni cn gp unit, pyroxenit, periotit, iabas, v i ni cn c cc th nh granit. Ph khng chnh hp trn chng c cc trm tch bin nng lc nguyn cha than (T3 n-r), trm tich lc a mu (J-K), tuf aglomerat trachyt, syenit,

minet, coccit, lamproit (Paleogen). Cc h t gy ra, trc rift v un np c phng TB-N, nhiu ni c hin tng chm nghch v o ngc phc tp. Proterozoic - Upper Paleozoic formations are exposed along the Hong Lin Sn Range and in the NE of M River left side. Overlying them there are carbonate sediments and alkaline olivine basalts (C3-P1), basalt-andesite-picrite, basaltrhyolite, picrite diabase and magnesium-high komatiite basalt (P2), basalt-trachyte and terrigenous sediments (T1), carbonate and fine terrigenous sediments (T2-3) having a total thickness up to 3,500 - 5,000 m. The above-cited rocks were strongly folded; locally there are dunite, pyroxenite, peridotite, diabase, and sometimes, small bodies of granite. They unconformably underlie coal-bearing sediments (T3 n-r), red continental beds (J-K), and trachytic tuffaceous agglomerate, syenite, minette, coccite and lamproite (Paleogene). The marginal fault systems, rift axis and folds are of NW-SE trend; in many places complicated overthrust and reverse have been observed. 4. Mng ca rift khng ng nht l ra hai bn ra, c bit l ca s T Khoa (PZ2-3) c kt t evon v n nh trong Paleozoi thng vi cc

trm tch vi kh ng nht (C-P). Vo Permi xut hin qu trnh vt mng v vi cc h t gy TB-N, to iu kin hnh thnh dung nham bazan tholeit kim cao titan thuc tin rift, sau tip tc pht trin rm r bazan olivin kim, bazan komatit, picrit iabas, bazan-trachyt vi trm tch bin Trias rt dy, c trng cho giai on rift thc th vi s tch gin v trt dch. Qu trnh ghp ni va chm lc a - lc a to ra cc thnh h to ni cha than v lc a mu . The heterogeneous basement of the rift is exposed in the two margins, especially in the T Khoa Window (PZ2-3). It was consolidated since Devonian, and stabilized during Upper Paleozoic with fairly homogeneous limestone (C-P). In Permian the thinning process of the crust began together with the appearance of the NW-SE fault system, creating good conditions for forming pre-rift titanium-high alkaline tholeiitic basalt, which was followed by the animated development of alkaline olivine basalt, komatiite basalt, picrite diabase, basalt-trachyte together with rather thick Triassic marine sediments, characterizing the true rift stage with extension and slippage. The process of continentcontinent assembly and collision created orogenic coal-bearing formation and continental red beds. 5. Cu trc ny tng c m t l Lp ph a di

Sng (Deprat, 1914; Dussault, 1921; Fromaget, 1941), i thnh h - cu trc Sng (ovjikov v nnk, 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970; vv.). Mt khc n cn c xp vo Trng hi sinh magma kin to (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972), hoc iva (Staritski, 1973). Hin nay nhiu tc gi lun gii l Rift gia lc a nh m t trn. The studied structure has been described as (Black) River Charriage Cover (Deprat, 1914; Dussault, 1921; Fromaget, 1941), Sng Structuro-formational Zone (Dovzhikov et al, 1965; Trn c Lng, 1970; etc.). It has been also assigned to Tectono-magmatic Reactivated Depression (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1972), or Diwa (Staritski, 1973). Recently, many authors has been interpreting it as Intracontinental Rift as abovedescribed. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 9/1999. Sng Gm (Aulacogen, Aulacogen) 1. Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985. 2. ng Bc B (I.1), nm tri di theo phng kinh tuyn t vng bin gii Vit-Trung n vng ni Tam o, thuc a phn cc tnh H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn v Thi Nguyn

East Bc B (I.1); stretching in the submeridional from the Vit Nam - China border area to the Tam o Mt area, belonging to the territory of H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Bc Cn and Thi Nguyn provinces; x = 21030 - 240 N; y = 105010 - 105045 E. 3. Mt ct ca cu trc ch yu bao gm cc thnh to trm tch v trm tch - phun tro c thnh phn ch yu felsic v kim, phn b trong nhng di hp gn t gy Sng Gm v Ph Ng. Chng c tui Paleozoi sm (ch yu l Orovic - h tng Ph Ng) b un np dng tuyn v b xuyn ct bi cc phc h magma xm nhp tr The section of the structure is composed mainly of sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary formations with mainly felsic and alkaline compositions, distributed in narrow strips that are distributed near the Sng Gm and Ph Ng Faults. They are of Early Paleozoic age (mainly Ordovician - Ph Ng Formation), linearly folded and penetrated by young magmatic intrusions. 4. Aulacogen Sng Gm c hnh dung l pht trin trn nn c Vit-Trung ng thi vi h a mng Cathaysia v gn vi s pht trin ca cc h t gy ni nn hay ra nn. Lch s pht trin ca aulacogen ny ch din ra vo cui Paleozoi sm The Sng Gm Aulacogen seems to be developed on the old Sino-Vietnamese Platform at the same

time with the Cathaysian Geosynclinal System, and related to the development of intraplatformal or marginal fault systems. The development history of this aulacogen happened only at the end of Early Paleozoic. 5. Tn gi Sng Gm cn c dng vi cc khi nim khc nhau nh: Phc np lm (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1985; Hutchison, 1989;...), hay l i un np Caleon (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). Vi t liu v s hiu bit hin ti nn xem y l di tch ca mt cu trc ng kiu i dng (cung o khng ni la - L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996) ti sinh bi c ch sinh rift The name Sng Gm has been still used with other concepts, such as: Synclinorium (Trn Vn Tr et al, 1985; Hutchison, 1989; etc.), or Caledonian Fold Zone (Trn Vn Tr, 1994). On the basis of collected data and present knowledge one can consider this structure as the relict of a mobile structure of oceanic type (non-volcanic island arc - L Duy Bch & Ng Gia Thng, 1996) regenerated by the rifting mechanism. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999. Sng Hin (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone)

1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); ko di t ng bc H Giang, Bc Cn, ty Cao Bng n ng Lng Sn; x = 21025 23025, y = 104055- 106045 . East Bc B (I.1); stretching from NE H Giang, Bc Cn, W Cao Bng, to E Lng Sn. 3. Cc lc nguyn - carbonat Paleozoi thng, cc lc nguyn - ngun ni la Trias h - trung, trm tch lc a cha than Nori - Ret v lc a mu - phun tro Jura - Creta, trm tch lc a Neogen. Magma xm nhp gm cc mafic - siu mafic v granitoi tui Trias mun v granit sau Jura h, kin trc dng tuyn; cc np li l cc Paleozoi b un np v cc np lm Trias trung - thng b un np v nhu mnh. The zone is composed of Upper Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate sediments, Lower-Middle Triassic volcano-sedimentary formation, NorianRhaetian coal-bearing formation and JurassicCretaceous continental red beds and volcanics, and Neogene lacustrine sediments. Magmatic intrusions comprise mafic-ultramafic rocks, Late Triassic granitoids, and post- Late Jurassic granite. The structure is of linear form; in anticlines are exposed Paleozoic folded rocks, and in synclines Triassic sediments were strongly folded and crumpled.

4. Vo na cui Cambri gia, khi i Sng L ln cn bt u nng th i Sng Hin b li ko vo st ln mnh cho n Silur sm (kiu vng a mng) tip tc pha st ln mnh na vo evon, ko di n Carbon. i c coi l ng nht ng Bc B. Chuyn ng phn d bt u ny sinh vo cui Permi nhng ch thc s mnh m vo cui Carni, cn st vng mnh i trong Trias sm - gia km theo phun tro l s tng cng hot ng ca cc t gy ra. Hot ng a mng ko di (kiu xuyn k) chm dt vo cui Carni u Nori bi cc hot ng xm nhp lot Bn Xang - Phia Bioc, km theo un np v nng mnh. In the last half of Middle Cambrian, when the adjacent Sng L Zone began to be uplifted, the Sng Hin Zone was involved into strong subsidence of geosynclinal depression type up to Early Silurian, then a new strong subsidence phase happened in Devonian, and prolonged to Carboniferous. This zone has been considered as the most mobile zone in East Bc B. The differentiation movement took place at the end of Permian, but became factually strong at the end of Carnian. As for the strong subsidence during Early-Middle Triassic accompanied by effusions, it is the strengthening of activity of marginal faults. The prolonged geosynclinal activities of transperiodic type ended at the end of Carnian -

beginning of Norian by intrusive activity of the Bn Xang Complex, accompanied by strong folding and uplft. 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Sng Hng - Red River (B, Basin) 1. Lu Hi Thng, L Qun, 1985. 2. Sng Hng (I.2); tri dc ng bng Bc B v vng trung tm vnh Bc B Sng Hng (I.2); spreading along the Bc B Plain and the central part of the Bc B Gulf. 5. ng ngha ca Trng ngun rift H Ni - Vnh Bc B Synonym of H Ni - Bc B Gulf Riftoganous Depression. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Sng Hng -- Red River (i khu, Suture Zone) 1. Pusharovskii Ju., 1965. 2. Sng Hng (I.2); dc lu vc sng Hng Sng Hng (I.2); along the basin of the Red River. 5. ng ngha ca i xit trt Ailaoshan - Sng Hng Synonym of Ailaoshan - Red River Shear Zone.

6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Sng Hng -- Red River (H t gy su, Deepseated Fault System) 1. Fromaget J., 1927. 2. Sng Hng (I.2); dc lu vc sng Hng Song Hng (I.2); along the basin of the Red River. 5. ng ngha ca i xit trt Ailaoshan - Sng Hng Synonym of Ailaoshan - Red River Shear Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Sng L (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); nm lu vc sng L, sng Gm, pha ng t gy Sng Chy; x = 21o10 23015, y = 1040 - 105050. East Bc B (I.1; located in the basin of L and Gm Rivers. 3. Pht trin ch yu cc thnh to trm tch Proterozoi v Cambri h, ngoi ra cn c cc vi evon trung un np thoi. Dc mt s t gy c cc h st tui Creta v cc trng Kainozoi k t

gy. bin cht Tin Cambri l vm nng Sng Chy cng vi xm nhp granit phc h Sng Chy, plagiogranit dng gnai phc h Ca Vnh, cc xm nhp Mesozoi pht trin cc ra ng v ty nam (cc phc h in Bin Ph, Bn Xang v Phan Xi Pan) . In the zone are developed mainly Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian sediments, besides there are gently folded Middle Devonian limestone. Along some faults, there are Cretaceous troughs and Cenozoic depressions. Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed in the Sng Chy uplifted dome together with granite of the Sng Chy Complex, gneissoid plagiogranite of the Ca Vnh Complex, while Mesozoic intrusions are developed in the eastern and southwestern margins (in Bin, Bn Xang and Phan Xi Pan Complexes). 4. L mt i nng sm v bn vng nht trung tm min chun un np ng Vit Nam . St ln kiu bin nng xy ra trong thi gian ngn (Cambri sm) sau i li nng ln v ch b bin ph cc ra vo evon gia. Chnh un np Neoproterozoi nh hnh cho cc cu trc hnh thnh v sau y. ng ch l ph i Khao Lc (phn cc ng bc Sng L) pht trin mt i chm vy kh mnh (phay nghch chm Sng Min ca Deprat,

1915) lm cho cc bin cht h tng Na Hang chm ln trn vi Permi thng. This is an early and the most stable uplift zone in the centre of the East Vit Nam parafolded region. The subsidence of shallow-sea type happened in a short time (Early Cambrian), after that the zone continued to be uplifted, and the sea covered only its margins during Middle Devonian. In fact, the Neoproterozoic folding had fixed the form of the younger structures in this region. In the Khao Lc Subzone, situated in the extreme NE of the zone a rather strong scaly overthrust was developed (the Sng Min ovethrust fault of Deprat, 1915), causing the overthrust of metamorphic rocks of the N Hang Formation upon Upper Permian limestone. 5. Vi tn gi Sng L cn c nhng khi nim cu trc kin to khc nhau nh: Vng nn (Nguyn nh Ct, 1972), i phc np li dng vm (Gatinski v nnk, 1970; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1989), i nng (Hutchison, 1989), cc i ng un np vo Paleozoi (Trn Vn Tr, 1994; L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1997; v.v.). The Sng L name has been used also under various tectonic notions, such as: Platform Anticline (Nguyn nh Ct, 1972), Dome-like Anticlinorium (Gatinski et al. 1970; Trn Vn Tr

et al. 1989); Uplift Zone (Hutchison, 1989); Paleozoic Mobile Fold Zone (Trn Vn Tr, 1994; L Dzuy Bch & Ng Gia Thng, 1997; etc.). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Sng M (i khu, i ht chm c, Suture Zone, Paleosubduction Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1975. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); dc lu vc sng M t nam Lai Chu qua Thanh Ho ra vnh Bc B West Bc B (I.3); along the M River basin, stretching from south Lai Chu through Thanh Ho to Bc B Gulf; x = 19030 - 21030 N, y = 103010 - 1060 E. 3. Cc thnh to metabazan tholeit (tui bin cht 455 tr.n.), phin silic, phin sericit, v vi Cambri trung (h tng Sng M) b un np, bin v mnh to thnh i theo phng TB-N di trn 360 km, c nhiu th gabro-iabas, unit-periotitserpentinit Paleozoi sm-gia cha chromit nh thy Thanh Ho. Pha B i l cc trm tch bin cht, i ni c xen lc Neoproterozoi Paleozoi h, cn pha TN l thnh h flysh Paleozoi trung. ng t mnh (MS max = 6-7; h = 20-30 km) phn b dc i ny

This zone is composed of tholeiitic metabasalt (metamorphic datation: 455 Ma.), strongly folded and altered Middle Cambrian cherty shale, sericite schist and limestone, which form zones of NW-SE direction stretching on 360 km, together with many bodies of Early-Middle Paleozoic gabbro-diabase, chromite-bearing dunite-peridotite-serpentinite, as it is seen at Thanh Ho. In the NE part of the zone, there are Neoproterozoic - Lower Paleozoic metamorphic sediments, locally interbedded with greenschist, as for in the SW - Middle Paleozoic flyschoid formation and Middle Triassic plutonovolcanic formations. Strong earthquake (MS max = 6-7; h = 20-30 km) is distributed in this zone. 4. i Benioff ht chm cm v pha B trong giai on Neoproterozoi - Paleozoi gia to ra cung ni la Sng M. Hai min (mng) ng Dng v Vit-Trung khp ni vi nhau to ra di khu Sng M cn tri ln hp to ophiolit, olistostrom v xo trn ngoi lai trong qu trnh x ng, to ni v c kt vo Caleon mun v Hercyn The subducted Benioff Zone plunges northeastward during the Neoproterozoic - Middle Paleozoic period, forming the Sng M volcanic island arc. The two Indochina and Sino-Vietnamese regions (plates) were united with one another forming the Sng M Suture Zone, where an

association of ophiolite, olistostrome and allochthonous melange was protused during the process of collision, orogeny and consolidation in Late Caledonian and Hercynian. 5. i khu Sng M cn c gi l Vt so Thanh Ho (Jacob 1921), i ophiolit (Hutchison 1975; Gatinsky 1977, 1989; Nguyn Xun Tng 1982, 1986; L Duy Bch 1985; Vn c Chng 1995). Nhng ti liu gn y chng t i khu Sng M cn cm v pha mng ng Dng v x ng, c kt vo Inosini (P2-T1) The Sng M Suture Zone has been still named as Thanh Ho Cicatrix (Jacob 1921), Ophiolite Zone (Hutchison 1975; Gatinsky 1977, 1984; Nguyn Xun Tng 1982, 1986; L Dzuy Bch 1985; Vn c Chng 1995). Recent materials have been proving that the Sng M Suture Zone plunges toward the Indochina Plate; it collided and consolidated in Indosinian (P2-T1). 6. Trn Vn Tr. 5. 10 / 1999. Sng M (Ophiolit ngoi lai, Allochthonous Ophiolite) 1. L Duy Bch v nnk, 1982.

2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm lu vc Sng M, t Tun Gio (tnh Sn La) n ni Na (tnh Thanh Ho); x = 19o40- 20o30, y = 103o20- 105o40. Along M River Valley from Tun Gio (Sn La Province) to Ni Na (Thanh Ho Province). 3. Mt ct gm 5 t phn: unit harzburgit b serpentinit ho, gabro tholeit v trm tch, phc h ai c iabas v plagiogranit, bazan tholeit v trm tch bin su. Hng tin ho thnh phn vt cht ca t hp thuc loi hp to ophiolit phn d cha y vi c tnh kim v kim vo thi k u v tholeit vo thi k sau. Trn bnh kin trc hin i l mt th ngoi lai dng tuyn tnh chm ph ln tiu lc a Nm C theo c ch tri chm.Kin trc nguyn sinh ca i b phc tp ho bi cc kin sinh mun hn. Its section comporises 5 constituents: serpentinized dunite-harzburgite, thioleiitic gabbros and sediments, diabasic dyke and plagiogranite complexes, tholeiitic basalts, and deep sea sediments. The evolution trend of the ophiolite assemblage belongs to the incompletely differentiated ophiolite with subalkaline to alkline characteristics in the early stage and tholeiitic characteristics in the late stage. In the recent structural it is represented as allochthonous linear body thrusting into Nm C microcontinent by

obduction mechanism. Its initial structure was complicated by later tectonisms. 4. Ophiolit Sng M c hnh thnh trong mt cu trc i dng mi to vo cui Neoproterozoi u Paleozoi. Trong na u Paleozoi cu trc ny pht trin nh mt i i dng (i Sng M). Giai on ht chm bt u t Orovic mun. Cn thi k sau va chm (collision) bt u t evon khi ophiolit b cun chm ln lc a Nm C. The Sng M ophiolite was formed in a new created oceanic structure at the end of Neoproterozoic beginning of Paleozoic. In the first half of Paleozoic this structure was developed as an oceanic basin (Sng M zone), then the subduction began in late Ordovician, the collision in Devonian, and the ophiolites obductes over Nm C microcontinent. 5. Khi nim v cc di tch kiu ophiolit c nhn xt mt s cng trnh (Hutchison, 1975; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977; Dovjikov v nnk,1981). Kin trc ophiolit ngoi lai Sng M c nghin cu chi tit (L Duy Bch, 1984; Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1992; vv) v c cng nhn rng ri. The existence of the ophiolite relics is noted by some worker (Hutchison, 1975; Trn Vn Tr et al., 1977; Dovzhikov et al., 1981). The Sng M

ophiolites have been studied in detail by L Dzuy Bch, 1984; Nguyn Xun Tng et al., 1992 and widly accepted. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Sng M (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); tri di t Phong Th (Lai Chu) v thng ngun sng M n pha ty Hi Xun (Thanh Ho). x = 20010 - 22035, y = 103055105015. West Bc B (I.3); stretching from the Phong Th area (Lai Chu Province), and the upper course of M River to W Hi Xun (Thanh Ho Province). 3. phn trc ca i l bin cht Tin Cambri (phc h Nm C), phn ra v vng Tun Gio b ph bi cc trm tch Paleozoi, t hn v ri rc l cc thnh to tr hn. Pht trin kh nhiu cc xm nhp mafic, siu mafic (cc phc h Ni Na, Ni Cha) v granitoi (cc phc h Mng Lt, in Bin, Phia Bioc). Bin cht ng lc mnh ra ng bc. Cu trc lp ph khng ph thuc cu trc mng. In the axial part of the zone the Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed (Nm C

Formation), but its margin and the Tun Gio area were covered by Paleozoic sediments, and locally there are younger formations. Mafic and ultramafic intrusions are rather widely developed (the Ni Na and Ni Cha Complexes) together with granitoids (Mng Lt, in Bin and Phia Bioc Complexes). Strong dynamic metamorphism occurs in the NE margin. The structure of the cover does depend on that of the basement. 4. Trong Proterozoi st vng su t phn d, vo u Neoproterozoi un np ln thoi dng tuyn tnh v nng mnh m. Qu trnh st vng a mng mnh cc i ln cn vo Cambri mun - Orovic - Silur, v sau vo evon li ko i vo st ln (tng i yu v t phn d) c l kiu thm (hnh thnh lp ph kiu cu trc chng). V c bn sau Silur, i Sng M pht trin nh mt i nng bn vng, phn cch cc i st vng kiu a mng hai bn. During Proterozoic the subsidence was deep, but undifferentiated. At the beginning of Neoproterozoic the folding formed gentle and great folds of linear form, and the strong uplift happened. The process of strong geosynclinal subsidence in adjacent zones during Late Cambrian - Ordovician - Silurian, and then, in Devonian had involved the zone into relatively feeble and weakly differentiated subsidence, maybe, of shelf type, forming the cover

of superimposed type. After Silurian, the zone was developed basically as a stable uplift zone, separating subsided zones of geosynclinal type in its two sides. 5. Tn gi Sng M cn c dng ch cc loi hnh cu trc khc nhau nh: Phc np li (Gatinski v nnk, 1985), Vng a lu (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), i a mng thc un np hay i ng kiu i dng mi to Paleozoi h un np (L Duy Bch, 1985, 1996), Cung o (Nguyn Xun Tng, Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1992; Findlay, 1997). The name Sng M has been used also for showing different structure types, such as: Anticlinorium (Gatinski et al. 1985), Horst Anticline (Trn c Lng & Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985), Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone, or Lower Paleozoic Folded Mobile Zone of newly created ocean type (L Dzuy Bch, 1985, 1996), Island Arc (Nguyn Xun Tng & Trn Vn Tr et al. 1992; Findlay, 1997). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Sng Mua (Vng paleorift, Paleorift Depression) 1. Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1984. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); nm vng b phi lu vc sng Hng thuc pha ng cc tnh Yn Bi v

Ph Th; x = 21020 - 210 40, y = 104050105015. West Bc B (I.3); located in the right side of the Red River comprising the eastern part of Yn Bi and Ph Th Provinces; x = 21o20-21o40, y = 104o50-105o15. 3. Cu trc ca vng bao gm ch yu cc thnh to trm tch kiu phin st en v mt s trm tch lc nguyn - carbonat evon. Ranh gii hin ti vi cc cu trc khc u l t gy. Mng un np c ca vng Sng Mua c th l cc thnh to bin cht Tin Cambri ca i Phan Xi Pan. The depression is mainly composed of Devonian black clay shale with interbeds of calcareous terrigenous sediments. The present boundaries with other structures consists of faults. The ancient basement of the depression may be Pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks of the Phan Xi Pan Zone. 4. Vng c hnh thnh vo evon trong bi cnh hu hoi v cng gin cc b ra ca tiu lc a Hong Lin Sn. St ln chm do cng gin c b tr bi cc trm tch dy kiu cc thnh h bin. The depression was formed since Devonian in the setting of destruction and partial extension in the margin of the Hong Lin Sn microcontinent. The subsidence caused by extension was compensated

by thick sedimentary sequences of marine formation type. 5. Cu trc Sng Mua thng c ghp vo thnh phn cu trc lp ph Paleozoi ca i Phan Xi Pan. The Sng Mua depression has been used to be considered as the Paleozoic cover of the Phan Xi Pan Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Sn La (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Ty Bc B (I.3); tri di t Bn Nm Cm (Bc Phong Th) qua Sn La, Mai Chu ra bin nam Ninh Bnh; x = 19055 - 22035, y = 103010106005. West Bc B (I.3); stretching from Nm Cm (N Phong Th) through Sn La, Mai Chu to the East Sea at south Ninh Bnh. 3. Nm trung tm h un np Ty Vit Nam vi ranh gii l cc t gy ra. Ph bin rng ri cc trm tch Paleozoi (ch yu Paleozoi trung) v cc trm tch Mesozoi (ch yu l Trias v cc trm tch lc a Jura v Creta ri rc trn din hp). Magma

xm nhp t pht trin, ch c ri rc cc thn nh ca phc h Phia Bioc. Tuy cu trc c dng tuyn tnh chung song bnh Paleozoi khc bnh cc cu trc Trias chim phn ng nam i: chm vy v pha ty ca bnh Paleozoi v kiu tuyn tnh b khng ch bi t gy ca cu trc Trias v granit kim km phun tro Pu Sam Cap tui Paleogen. Cu trc un np tuyn tnh r. The zone is situated in the centre of the West Vit Nam folded system with faults as boundaries. Paleozoic (mainly of Middle Paleozoic) and Mesozoic (mainly of Triassic with Jurassic and Cretaceous red continental beds scattered in small areas) formations are widespread in the zone. As for magmatic intrusions, there are only small bodies of granite of the Phia Bioc Complex. Although the structure has linear form but the plan of Paleozoic differs from that of Triassic, which occupies the SE part of the zone and overthrusts upon the western part of the Paleozoic plan. The linear configuration is controlled by faults of the Triassic structure and alkaline granite accompanying Paleogene Pu Sam Cp effusives. The structure of folding is clearly linear. 4. St vng ca mng tng i su v c s chuyn tip t i nng Sng M n i st Sng . St ln xy ra bt u t Cambri sm, n cui Silur,

tuy nhin s chuyn sang phn d cui Silur khng nh hng nhiu n i Sn La. S nng tng i vo cui evon v pht trin kiu thm t n u Permi th bt u st ln tr li (kiu st ln b tr) v t cao trong Trias (thp hn so vi i Sng ln cn) do b li ko vo st ln mnh i Sng . Un np v nghch o thc s xy ra vo trc Nori. The subsidence of the basement is rather deep, and there is a transition from the uplifted Sng M Zone to the subsided Sng Zone. The subsidence happened from Early Cambrian to the end of Silurian, however the differentiation at the end of Silurian did not influence to the Sn La Zone, which was feebly uplifted in Early Devonian. After this uplift the zone was developed in the shelf form from Devonian to the beginning of Permian, then began to be subsided again in the compensating form, and reaching the maximum in Triassic (lower than adjoining Sng Zone) caused by the strong subsidence of the Sng Zone. The true folding and reverse happened in pre-Norian. 5. V bn tnh kin to ca i c xem l a mng ven (L Duy Bch, 1985) hay i ng kiu ra th ng Paleozoi h un np (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996).

The tectonic nature of the zone has been regarded as Miogeosyncline (L Duy Bch, 1985), or Folded Mobile Zone of Lower Paleozoic passive margin type (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng 7. 8/1999. Sr Pk (i cu trc, Structural Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr, 1994. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); cc tnh c Lc, Lm ng v Bnh Phc Middle Trung B (III.1); c Lc, Lm ng and Bnh Phc Province. 5. ng ngha ca i phc vng Bn n Synonym of Bn n Synclinorium Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Srepok - Nam Du (Bin ra, Mrrginal Sea) 1. Nguyn Xun Tng v Trn Vn Tr, 1992 2. Ty Nam B (IV); tnh Kin Giang West Nam B (IV); Kin Giang Province. 5. ng ngha vi i a mng thc un np Kampot - Nam Du Synonym of Kampot - Nam Du Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone.

6. L Duy Bch. 7. 9/1999. Sundaland (Min lc a N ca mng u-, SE Asia Landmass of Eurasian Plate) 1. Hutchison C.S., 1973. 2. Phn lc a N chu bao gm c cc o Sumatra, Java v Borneo SE Asia landmass, including also Sumatra, Java and Borneo Islands 3. Lc a Sundaland c mng l cc thnh to bin cht b un np Tin Cambri l ra ch yu cc khi Shan, Kon Tum, nn Paternoster... Nm xen gia cc khi ny l cc i ng c cc tui to lp v kt thc khc nhau trong Phanerozoi, cn ri cc khi th b ph bi cc thnh to kiu nn. Cc i ng b bin dng mnh v bao gm cc h tng trm tch nc su nm trn cc v kiu i dng ca Paleo- v Neo-Tethys cng cc nhnh ca chng, cng nh cc bn trng ni craton, b p mnh v thng cng sinh cht ch vi cc thnh to ophiolit v cc ai xo trn nh du cc i khu. vng ra ca chng gip cc khi lc a thng gp cc thnh to cung o (trm tch, phun tro, xm nhp). Sundaland th hin nh mt nhn lc a bn vng vng N c craton ho trong thi k Trias mun vi c trng nn r

nt nht l s c mt rng ln ca cc batholit granit kiu S vi cc t khong i km (c trng ca vt liu v lc a). Cc khi lc a trong khu vc c quan h ngun gc khc nhau: cc khi thuc h Gonwana nh khi Myanmar, Sinoburmalaya v Shan-Thai; thuc h Cathaysia c khi nn Dng T, khi Inosinia, vi lc a Phu Hot (nm trong ai un np Trng Sn), khi mng Ty Borneo, khi Eastmal, khi Manabor; thuc h hn hp c khi Sumatra. Sundaland l mt min lc a c to lp t s ghp ni cc khi (hoc/v a khu) c ngun gc khc nhau The basement of Sundaland landmass consists of Precambrian folded metamorphic rocks exposed mainly in the Shan and Kon Tum Blocks and Paternoster platform. Lying between these blocks there are mobile zones having different creating and closing ages in Phanerozoic; as for the margin of these blocks, it was covered by platform-type formations. The mobile zones were strongly transformed, and composed of deep-water sediments which lie upon the crust of oceanic type of Paleo- and Neo-Tethys together with their branches, as well as intracratonic basins. These structures were strongly compressed, and often existed in close association with ophiolitic formations and melange belts, marking the suture

zones. In their margin adjoining with continental blocks, there are island arc formations (sediments, effusives and intrusions). Sundaland exists as a stable continental core in SE Asia, which was cratonized in Late Triassic with the widespread presence of S-granite batholiths with accompanied deposits as the clearest platformal characteristics. Continental blocks in the region have different genetic relations; these of the Gondwana genesis include Myanmar, Sinoburmalaya and Shan-Thai Blocks; of the Cathaysia genesis - Yangtze, Indosinia, Phu Hot microcontinent (from Trng Sn Fold Belt), West Borneo, Eastmal and Manabor Blocks; and these of mixed geneses Sumatra. Sundaland is a landmass formed from the assemblage of blocks (and/or terranes) of various geneses. 4. S tch ra ca Cathaysia (hay cc hp phn h hng ca n) khi Gonwana (do sinh rift) t phn ra ca n (phn Bc Australia) xy ra trong Orovic hoc Silur to nn nhnh nam ca PaleoTethys. Cc t phn khc thuc phn trong (ni lc) ca Gondwana b tch ra dn dn bt u c l t Carbon sm (khi Sinoburmalaya), n Permi m ra Tethys v cng vi n l s ghp ni dn cc mng khi lc a di chuyn v pha bc vo lc a u-, khp kn Paleo-Tethys v cc nhnh ca

n (dc theo cc i ng, cc i khu) to nn cc ai un np a sinh. S x ng ca khi Sinoburmalaya vi lc a ng vo Trias mun to nn ng lc ca to ni Inosini mnh m, ng thi cng nh du s hnh thnh ca Sundaland nh mt mng lc a pha N u. Qu trnh ny cn c th tip din trong Jura The separation of Cathaysi, or its a family components from the margin of Gondwanaland (northern part of Australia) by rifting took place in Ordovician or Silurian, forming the southern branch of Paleo-Tethys. Other components belonging to the intracontinental part of Gondwana were gradually separated since, maybe, Early Carboniferous (Sinoburmalaya Block), to Permian continental blocks were gradually united and moved northward to the Eurasian continent, so that Paleo-Tethys were closed along mobile zones and suture zones to form multigenetic fold belts. The collision of Sinoburmalaya Block with East Asia continent in Late Triassic created the moving force for Indosinian orogeny, at the same time marked the formation of Sundaland as a continental plate in SE Eurasia. This process can go on during Jurassic. 5. Khi nim Sundaland l mt cu trc ln kiu craton c s dng rng ri trong vn liu

(Hamilton, 1979; Katili, 1983; Hutchison, 1984, 1989; .v.v.) The Sundaland concept as a large craton type structure has been used largely in the geological literature (Hamilton, 1979; Katili, 1983; Hutchison, 1984, 1989; etc.). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. Suninsinia (Mesoplit, Mesoplit) 1. Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1977 2. Suninsinia l cu trc ghp ca hai cu trc cu thnh c bn l Sundaland v a khi Inosinia. Bao gm lnh th ton b cc nc N (ngoi tr cc o pha bc Philippin) v cc bin ven, ly h thng t gy su Sng Hng lm ranh gii pha bc Sundinsinia is a coupled structure from two main componential structures, namely Sundaland and Indosinian Geoblock. It includes the territories of all SE Asian countries (in except of islands in the north of Philippines) and marginal seas, with the Red River deep-seated fault system as its northern boundary. 3. Mesoplit Suninsinia bao gm cc n v l: Suninsinia trung tm (vi cc thnh to un np a sinh t Arkei n Mesozoi trong a khi

Inosinia l nhn), ng Suninsinia (vi cc a mng un np Meso-Kainozoi bao gm cc bin ven Sulu, Sulawesi, Banda v cc vng k cn), Ty Suninsinia (bao gm cc thnh to un np a sinh t Neoproterozoi n Kainozoi) c ranh gii vi Suninsinia trung tm l h t gy su xuyn (tuyn ophiolit Uttaradit-Bentong-Raub). Trong cu trc ca Ty Suninsinia c cc h Arakan-Java (cc cu trc a mng un np Phanerozoi), Saluin-Malakka (cc cng trnh un np Riphei mun v ch yu l Mesozoi v Kainozoi) v Sumatra - Nam Kalimatan (cc cu trc a mng Paleozoi mun, Mesozoi v Kainozoi?) Sundinsinia Mesoplit is composed of following units: Central Sundinsinia (with from Archean to Mesozoic multigenetic fold formations, among them the Indosinian Geoblock is the core), East Sundinsinia (with Meso-Cenozoic folded geosynclines, including Sulu, Sulawesi and Banda marginal seas and adjacent areas), West Sundinsinia (including from Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic multigenetic fold formations) having the boundary with Central Sundinsinia as Trans-Asia deep-seated fault system (Uttaradit-Bentong-Raub ophiolite line). In the structure of West Sundinsinia, there are Arakan-Java System (Phanerozoic geosynclinal fold structures), Saluin-Malakka System (Late Riphean and mainly Mesozoic and

Cenozoic fold structures) and Sumatra - South Kalimantan System (Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic? Geosynclinal structures). 4. S hnh thnh v pht trin kin to ca Suninsinia to lp nn bi cnh ch yu ca ton b Inopacific bt u t Arkei cho n hin i. N c dng v ca s tng trng v lc a lu di bt u t s hnh thnh cc nguyn lc a (cc v khi nh a khi Inosinia) thng qua cc qu trnh un np a mng a k (Caleon, Hercyn, Mesozoi, Kainozoi) v hin ang din ra c bit si ng cc i ra (cc h thng cung o - bin ven hin i) The tectonic formation and development of Sundinsinia created the main setting of the whole Indo-Pacific from Archean to present. It had the manner of the prolonged increase of the continental crust, which began by the formation of protocontinents (such megablocks as Indosinian Geoblock) through the multicycle geosynclinal fold processes (Caledonian, Hercynian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic), and is taking place with animation in marginal zones (present island arc - marginal sea systems). 5. Khi nim ny mang tnh tng hp nhng cu trc lc a ca N k t i t gy Sng Hng tr

vo nam. V c trng cu trc th Suninsinia rt gn gi vi Sundaland This concept bears the synthetic characteristics of SE Asian continental structures from the Red River Fault Zone southward. In the structural characteristics side Sundinsinia is very close to Sundaland. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999.

t.
Tam K - Phc Sn (i khu, Suture Zone) 1. Trn Vn Tr v nnk. 1979. 2. Trung Trung B (gia II.2 v III.1) Middle Trung B (between II.2 and III.1); x = 15025 - 15045, y = 107025 1090. 3. Cc phc h pyroxenit, olivinit, werlit b serpentin ho c tui K/Ar = 530 tr.n. (Hunh Trung & Nguyn Xun Bao 1981) c gabro iabas i km trong trng phin plagioclas-amphibol, lc (PR3-1) to thnh i hnh cung v tuyn qua Tam K - Phc Sn - Hip c. Cc bin cht talc-kyanit, crosit v epiot-amphibol c to

thnh trong iu kin nhit thp, p sut trung bnh v cao (Trnh Long 1986, 1995) The complexes of serpentinized pyroxenite, olivinite and wehrlite having K/Ar datation = 530 Ma. (Hunh Trung & Nguyn Xun Bao 1981) accompanied by gabbro-diabase within the field of plagioclase-amphibole schist and greenschist (PR31) formed subparallel arcuate zone which passes through Tam K - Phc Sn - Hip c. The metamorphic rocks bearing talc-kyanite, crossite and epidote-amphibole were formed in the sonditions of low temperature and medium to high pressure (Trnh Long 1986, 1995). 4. i Tam K - Phc Sn th hin mt cp i Benioff ht chm cm xung a khi Inosinia vo Neoproterozoi v cm di min Vit-Lo trong Paleozoi sm-gia. Qu trnh x ng sinh ra cc th ophiolit tri chm trn mng Tin Cambri. Cc hp to olistostrom, xo trn ngoi lai dc theo i khu gn kt vo Paleozoi gia This suture zone represents a couple of Benioff Zones subducted under the Indosinia Geoblock during Neoproterozoic, and under the Vit-Laos Region during Early-Middle Paleozoic. The process of collision created ophiolite bodies, which obducted upon the Precambrian basement. The associations of olistostrome and allochthonous

melange formed along the suture zone were almangamated during Middle Paleozoic. 5. Quan im gn gi cn c th hin qua cc tn gi ai ophiolit Tam K - k Krng (Nguyn Xun Bao & Trn c Lng 1979, 1994), ng khu ophiolit Tam K - Phc Sn (Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk. 1986, 1992; Vn c Chng 1995, 1996; vv.). Near viewpoints have been expressed by some names, such as Tam K - k Krng Ophiolite Belt (Nguyn Xun Bao & Trn c Lng 1979, 1994), Tam K - Phc Sn Ophiolitic Suture Line (Nguyn Xun Tng et al. 1986, 1992; Vn c Chng 1995, 1996). 6. Trn Vn Tr. 10 / 1999. Ty Nam Vit Nam -- Southwest Vit Nam (n nghing, Monocline) 1. N Thng San v nnk., 1980 2. Ty Nam B (IV), ra B vnh Thi Lan West Nam B (IV); NE margin of the Thailand Gulf; x = 60 - 100 N; y =1020 - 105 0 E. 3. n nghing TN Vit Nam, cn gi l Ra ng ca trng Vnh Thi Lan (Ng Thng San v nnk., 1985), nm trn phn chuyn tip ca trng tam Vnh Thi Lan ln khi nng Khorat-Natuna, cn

gi l i TN Campuchia. Nm bt chnh hp trn mng a chn Creta thng (l trn cc o ven ra trng) l cc trm tch vn tng m ly, bin ven b v bin tui Miocen v tng bin tui Pliocen t vi chiu dy trn 3000m. Pht trin h thng t gy kinh tuyn - TB-N lm n nghing c dng st bc thang v pha TN The Southwest Vit Nam Monocline, named also as East Margin of the Thailand Gulf (Ng Thng San et al, 1985), lies on the transitional part of the Tertiary Thailand Gulf Depression into the KhoratNatuna Uplift (named also as SW Cambodia Zone). Lying unconformably upon the Upper Cretaceous seismic basement (exposed in the islands which is situated in the depression margin) there are Miocene clastic sediments of marshy, littoral and marine facies and Pliocene-Quaternary sediments of marine facies with a thickness of over 3000 m. The subparallel - NW-SE fault system is developed, causing the southwestward en chelon type to the monoclinal. 4. Cng vi trng Vnh Thi Lan hnh thnh trn mng lc a Kon Tum - Borneo sau to ni un np Mesozoi mun di nh hng ca tc ng x ng gia lc a Myanmar - Thi vi lc a nu trn vo thi gian ny. Chuyn ng khi - t gy phn d ca mng lc a tng i n nh vo

tam l nguyn nhn hnh thnh v pht trin cc i nng v trng Vnh Thi Lan trn c s cc trng gia ni hnh thnh vo cui Mesozoi Together with the Thailand Gulf Depression this structure was formed on the Kon Tum - Borneo continental basement after the Late Mesozoic folding orogeny under the influence of impact of the collision between Myanmar-Thailand continent with the above said continent during this time. The blockfaulting differentiated movement of the relatively stable continental basement during Tertiary was the cause of the formation and development of uplift zones and the Thailand Gulf Depression on the basis of intermontane depressions, which were formed at the end of Mesozoic. 5. Cu trc ny mang tnh d bo h cu trc ngoi vi ca b du kh ln Malaya trong vnh Thi Lan. Khi nim n nghing ang c dng ph bin trong a cht du kh. This structure bears the forecasting character on the outside structural system of the Malaya great petroleum basin in the Thailand Gulf. The monoclinal concept is being widely used in the petroleum geology. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 5/2000 Ty Vit Nam - West Vit Nam (Min un np,

Fold Region) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Phn ty din tch Bc Vit Nam bao gm Ty Bc B (I.3) v Bc Trung B (II.2). Tip gip Min chun un np ng Vit Nam qua i t gy Sng Chy. Western part of North Vit Nam, including West Bc B (I.1) and North Trung B (II.2), adjoining the East Vit Nam parafolded region through Sng Chy Fault. 3. Min un np tuyn tnh phng TB - N bao gm nhiu cu trc bc cao ngn cch nhau bi cc t gy ra. L y cc thnh to bin cht Tin Cambri, Paleozoi, cc thnh to trm tch ni la Paleozoi, Mezozoi n t. Cc thnh to magma siu mafic n axit v axit kim, vi cc tui ch yu l Tin Cambri (Neoproterozoi) Cambri sm, Orovic - Silur, evon sm, Permi, Trias mun, Jura v Kainozoi. The region was linearly folded in the NW-SE drection. It is composed of many structures of high order separated one from another by marginal faults. Precambrian metamorphic formations are fully exposed. The region includes also magmatic intrusions of mafic, ultramafic, felsic to felsicalkaline compositions, mainly of Neoproterozoic, Early Cambrian, Ordocician-Silurian, Early

Devonian, Permian, Late Triassic, Jurassic and Cenozoic ages. 4. Min un np a mng pht trin a chu k v c s phn d ch kin to r rt cc i khc nhau. Cc i nng tng i sm v bn vng Sng Hng, Phan Xi Pan (vo Paleozoi sm) v Sng M (Caleon), Phu Hot (mng Tin Cambri) b ph bi trm tch Paleozoi trung - thng. Gia chng l cc i st ln su, trong i in Bin v Trng Sn un np vo thi k Hecy mun, trong khi cc i hp khc cn tip tc st ln v ch kt thc un np cui cng vo trc Nori (Sng , Sn La, Mng T, Thanh Ho, Ninh Bnh). Sau a mng pht trin vng chng Mesozoi. This geosynclinal fold region had a polycyclic development, and a clear differentiation of the tectonic regime in different zones. The rather early and stable Sng Hng, Phan Xi Pan (in Early Paleozoic), Sng M (in Caledonian) and Phu Hot (with a Precambrian basement) uplift zones were covered by Middle-Upper Paleozoic sediments. Between them, there are deeply subsided zones, among them the in Bin Ph and Trng Sn Zones were folded in Late Hercynian, when other narrow zones continued to be subsided and ended the last folding in pre-Norian (Sng , Sn La, Mng T, Thanh Ho, Ninh Bnh Zones). After the

geosynclinal stage Mesozoic superimposed depressions were developed. 5. Khi nim v mt cu trc ng un np quy m ln l kh thng nht, tuy s dng n v phn loi c khc nhau: i Hercyni (Klomp et al., 1962); i un np Mesozoi (Postelnikov v nnk, 1964; Pusharovski, 1965); H Inosini (Trn c Lng, 1970; L Duy Bch, 1975); Cc i a mng un np Hng - - M v M - C (Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1978). The viewpoint on a folded mobile structure of large scale is rather unanimous, but the used units of classification has been being different, such as: Hercynide Zone (Klomp et al., 1962), Mesozoic Fold Zone (Postelnikov et al., 1964; Pusharovski, 1965), Indosinide System (Trn c Lng, 1970; L Duy Bch, 1975), Hng--M and M-C Geosynclinal Fold Zones (Nguyn Nghim Minh, 1978). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Thanh Ha (i tng - cu trc, Structurofacial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E. v nnk, 1965. 2. Bc Trung B (II.2); nm h lu sng M, chim phn ln ng nam tnh Thanh Ho; x = 19030 200, y = 104050 - 1060.

North Trung B (II.2); located in the lower course of M River, occupying the major part of SE of Thanh Ho Province. 3. Np li dng nm nm kp gia cc cu trc Mesozoi Sn La v Sm Na. Nhn l cc thnh to bin cht Proterozoi (h tng Nm C) v Paleozoi h (ch yu h tng ng Sn) b un np, v nhu, ra l cc lc nguyn - carbonat evon n Carbon - Permi v Trias bin v yu. Cc phun tro (Permi - Trias) kh pht trin. Cc thnh to xm nhp ch yu l mafic v siu mfic (phc h Ni Na), ch c mt th granit nh Sm Sn, xuyn bin cht Proterozoi. Trung tm ng bng Thanh Ho l lp ph trm tch t. The zone is a cuneiform anticline lying between the Sn La and Sm Na Mesozoic structures. The core consists of Proterozoic metamorphic formations (Nm C Fm.) and Lower Paleozoic ones (mainly of ng Sn Fm.), which were folded and crumpled. The margins are composed of Devonian, Carboniferous-Permian and Triassic feebly altered terrigenous-carbonate sediments. Permian and Triassic effusive rocks are rather developed. Magmatic intrusions consist mainly of mafic and ultramafic massifs; bides there is a small granite body in Sm Sn, which penetrated Proterozoic

metamorphic rocks. The Quaternary cover is exposed in the Thanh Ho Plain. 4. St ln kiu thm lc a (bin nng) trong sut Paleozoi, b ngt qung bi pha un np vo gia Carbon sm v Permi, ph bi phun tro bazan trn lc a tui Permi mun (trc coi l Creta). B li ko vo st ln cc a mng ln cn (Sng , Sn La) trong Trias v un np nghch o vo Trias mun (trc Nori). Mt s trng ni lc Kainozoi pht trin do hot ng t gy. Trong Kainozoi (ch yu t) b li ko vo st ln yu, to lp ph trm tch t ng bng Thanh Ho. The subsidence of continental shelf type (shallow sea) existed during all the Paleozoic. It was interrupted by a folding phase in Early Carboniferous and Permian. Then the zone was covered by Late Permian continental basaltic effusives (initially dated as Cretaceous), and was involved into subsidence of adjoining Sng and Sn La geosynclines in Triassic (pre-Norian). In Cenozoic (mainly Quaternary) it was subjected to feeble subsidence, forming the Quaternary cover. 5. Bn cht kin to ca i c s chuyn i theo thi gian: l a mng ven trong Paleozoi sm - gia (tng t i Sn La hay l Thun Chu), chuyn thnh kiu ra tch cc vo Paleozoi mun - Mesozoi sm (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996).

The tectonic nature of the zone has been changed in time: Mio-geosyncline in Early-Middle Paleozoic (similar with the Sn La or Thun Chu Zone) changing in active continental margin in Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996). 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/1999. Thng Bc K -- Haut Tonkin (Yu t cu trc, Sructural Element) 1. Fromaget J., 1941 2. Bc B - Hoa Nam (I); bao gm min ng Bc B v mt phn Ty Bc B (k c vng Sng ) v cc vng lnh th Trung Quc k cn Bc B - South China (I); composed of East Bc B and a part of West Bc B (including even the Sng Depression) and adjacent areas of the Chinese territory. 3. L mt cu trc phc tp b phn i bi i t gy Sng Hng, c mng kt tinh Tin Cambri gm cc thnh to hoa, ortho- v para-amphibolit, t pyroxenit, phin mica cha graphit, mt s magma xm nhp (granit Phan Ngm, syenit v orthogneis cha nephelin) to thnh vt liu Huron, k c vt liu Arkei trong cc cu to dng vy, l trn cc khi np li v khi vm nng (Phan Si Pan, thng ngun Sng Chy). Bao quanh ra l

cc thnh to Paleozoi (ch yu l trm tch lc nguyn, vi v c xen phun tro mt vi ni) to nn cc cu trc un np cnh cung (cc cnh cung Neotrias ng Bc B), phn ln c lit vo tng ph trn mng v gm cc vt liu a sinh: vt liu Hercyn gm cc granit, trm tch Carbon h v evon nm khng chnh hp di lp ph tr hn v bt chnh hp trn mng, k c cc vt liu Caleon (cc phin lng tng lc a n bin) un np n gin. Ri rc trn cc vng nng c cc th granit Anthracolit (Pia Bioc, Pia Ya, c th c Pia Oc, Mng Ci). Cn cc thnh to Mesozoi trong cc trng Trias (v d eo bin Lng Sn, a mng Sng ) to nn cc vt liu Inosini m phn c nht l cc phun tro c thnh phn thay i t ryolit, microgranit, t porphyrit vng Ngha L n cc ch yu l porphyrit sn ty dy Phan Si Pan, h lu sng v N Ho Bnh. Gia cc cnh cung c cc trng khng su (khong 1000 m) lp y bi trm tch Kainozoi ni lc This is a complicated structure, divided into two halves by the Red River Fault Zone, which has the Precambrian crystalline basement composed of marble, ortho- and para-amphibolite, some pyroxenite, graphite-bearing micaschist, some magmatic intrusions (Phan Ngm granite, syenite and nepheline-bearing orthogneiss) forming the

Huronian materials, even Archean materials in scaly structures, which are exposed in anticlinal block and uplifted dome block (Phan Si Pan, Upper course of Chy River). Surrounding this basement there are Paleozoic formations (composed mainly of terrigenous sediments, limestone and, locally, interbedded with effusives) forming arc folded structures (Neotriassic arcs in East Bc B), the most part of them has been attributed to the basement cover, and composed of multigenetic materials, such as: Hercynian ones, including granites, Devonian and Lower Carboniferous sediments unconformably underlying the younger cover and overlying the basement, even simply folded Caledonian materials (lustrous schists of subcontinental to marine facies). Scatteredly distributed in uplifts, there are Anthracolithic granite bodies (Pia Bioc, Pia Ya, possibly even Pia Oc and Mng Ci). As for the Mesozoic formations within Triassic depressions (eg. Lng Sn Strait, Sng Geosyncline), they formed the Indosinian materials, the oldest of which consists of effusives of various composition, from rhyolite, microgranite, a little porphyrite in Ngha L area to, mainly, porphyrite in the western slope of the Phan Si Pan Range, lower course of the River and SE Ho Bnh. Between the arcs there are not

deep depressions (about 1,000 m) which were filled up with Cenozoic intracontinental sediments. 4. Thng Bc K l cu trc thuc nn Nam Trung Hoa, mt t phn cu thnh lc a u- m vo Carbon-Permi, di sc p (c tnh nhp) cu lc a Gondwana, c bit mnh mm Asam, tc ng vo lc a u - to nn cc cu trc cnh cung c quy m rng ln. Dc theo chng cc lc nn-y c th bin i to nn cc i ko gin, trn hnh thnh cc cu trc kiu a mng, cn cc phn nh ca mng to nn cc chui o ra N v ca lc a . Chu k to ni (xit p) tr nht v c bn l Neotrias v Neogen c th coi l cc chuyn ng sau cng v mnh m nht to nn s ghp ni ca cc cnh cung vi cc thnh to Inosini b x y chm ln hoc to cc lp ph a di khng ln (nh trong kin trc Sng ) dng vy to cho khu vc cng nh ton b ng Dng c cc din nh ngy nay Haut Tonkin is a structure belonging to the South China Platform, a component forming the Eurasian continent during Carboniferous-Permian under the pressure (of rhythmic character) of Gondwanaland, which was especially strong in the Asam Cape, and acted on the Eurasian continent forming arcshaped structure of large scale. Along these structures the pressure-push force can be changed

between them to form spreading zones, on which were formed structures of geosynclinal type, whilst the uplifted parts of the basement formed island series in the SE and E margins of this continent. The youngest orogenic (shear) cycle, basically Neotriassic and Neogene, can be regarded as the last and strongest movement creating the unification of arcs with Indosinids, which formed not large scaly charriage cover (as in the Sng structure), creating the present landscape to the region, as well as to the whole Indochina. 5. V thc cht, cu trc Thng Bc K bao gm nhiu cu trc t phn ngun gc rt khc nhau, c ghp ni trong lch s pht trin kin to na u Phanerozoi ng Dng. Hin nay cng vi vic lm sng t khng cn tn ti i nn c Nam Trung Hoa pha nam khi nn Dng T (Huang Tsisin, 1961-1984), khi nim cu trc Thng Bc B ch cn mang tnh cht lch s In its essence, the Haut Tonkin structure includes componential structures of very various origins, which were unified during the tectonic development history of the first half of Phanerozoic in Indochina. At present, by the clarification of the South Chinese old Platform Zone in the south of the Yangtze Platform Block (Huang Tsisin, 1961-

1984), the concept on the Haut Tonkin Structure has only historical character. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999. Thng Lo - Mng T (Cng trnh un np Paleozoi - Kimmeri sm, Paleozoic - Early Cimmerian Fold Framework) 1. L Duy Bch, 1989. 2. Vng Ty Bc bn o ng Dng, k pha ty ca i t gy trt bng in Bin - Khorat; x = 17040 - 22050, y = 101010 - 102030. In the Northwest of Indochina Pensula, adjoining the in Bin - Khorat strike-slip fault zone in the west. 3. Cu trc un np bao gm cc thnh to trm tch, phun tro, trm tch - phun tro v cc xm nhp Tin Cambri n Kainozoi, c phn chia ra cc i cu trc bc cao l : i a mng ven un np Pu Si Lung, cc i a mng thc Mng T v Lung Pha Bang, i a mng ven Nm Th, trng ni mng Xaynhabuli- Phongxali. This folded structure consists of volcano sedimentary, volcanic and terrigenous formations and magmatic intrusions aged from Precambrian up to Cenozoic. It has been divided into higher order structures such as: Pu Si Lung folded miogeosynclinal zone, Mng T and

Luangprabang eugeosynclinal zone, Nm Th myogeosynclinal zone and Xaynhabuli-Phongxaly intraplate depression. 4. Cu trc Thng Lo - Mng T l mt t phn ca h a mng un np Vn Nam - Malaysia thuc Paleothys. Vo Paleozoi sm h pht trin theo ch cc ra phn ly. T evon xut hin gin y v cc cu trc kiu i dng thc th. Vo Carbon bt u qu trnh ht chm, hnh thnh cc cung o. Kt thc hot ng bng va chm, to ni vo cui Trias. The Upper Laos - Mng T structural region is a part of Yunnan - Malaysia folded geosynclinal system of Paleotethys. In Early Paleozoic this system was developed in the regime of divegent margins. Since Devonian the spreading took place and true oceanic structures appeared. In Carboniferous the subduction and formation of island arcs happened, which ended by collision and orogenic movement at the end of Triassic. 5. J. Fromaget (1937, 1941) a ra khi nim Thng Lo l mt yu t ca bnh cu trc Neotrias Bc ng Dng. Umbgrove v nnk (1962) v Klomp (1962) t tn i to ni Thng Lo. Trong nhiu cng trnh (Postelnikov v nnk, 1964; Kin to - u, 1965; Gatinski v nnk, 1970; Nguyn nh Ct, 1969, 1972;....) u

coi y l cu trc Mesozoi. Fromaget (1937, 1941) brought up the notion of Upper Laos as an element of Neotriassic structural plan in North Indochina. Umbgrove et al., (1962) and Klomp (1962) named it as Upper Laos orogenic zone. In many works (Postelnikov et al., 1964; Tectonics of Eurasia, 1965; Gatinski et al., 1970; Nguyn nh Ct, 1962, 1972 etc.) considered it as a Mesozoide structure. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 8/ 1999. Tri Tn (Khi nng ngm sn lc a, Continental Slope Horst) 1. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1995. 2. Trung Trung B (III.1); nm vng bin NngQuy Nhn, pha ty nam o Tri Tn, qun o Hong Sa, k pha ng h t gy kinh tuyn Hi Nam - eo bin Suna; x = 14030 - 15050, y = 110010-110020. Middle Trung B (III.1); located in Nng - Quy Nhn off shoze in the Southwest of Tri Tn island of the Paracel archipelago, adjoining the east of Hainan-Sunda Strait fault zone. 3. Cc trm tch Kainozoi c b dy t 50 n 1500 m nm ph trn mng un np d kin c tui Paleozoi - Mesozoi sm. Cu trc hin i c dng mt khi t gy vi bin nng t 500 n 1500 m so vi

cu trc vy quanh. Phn cch vi a khi c v lc a Paleozoi b ln chm Hong Sa - McClesfield bi mt trng a ho hp c phng kinh tuyn. Cenozoic sediments have thickness ranging from 50 to 1500m, covering the folded basement of supposedly Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic age. Structure has the block faulting configuration with the uplift amplitude from 500 to 1500m in comparing with the areas. It is separated from the Paracel - Mc Clesfield subsided Paleozoic continental block by a narow graben N-S trend. 4. Cu trc c hnh thnh cng vi qu trnh ny sinh v pht trin bin ra ng Vit Nam vo na sau Kainozoi do tc ng chia ct v dch chuyn ca h t gy kinh tuyn Hi Nam - eo bin Suna v s nn p cng ng i b ca qu trnh gin y ra bin ng Vit Nam t cui Oligocen. This structure was generated simultaneously with the formation and development of the East Vit Nam sea in the last half of Cenozoic by the separation and motion of the Hainan-Sunda Strait fault zone and the coresponding compression of the Bin ng shore zone during its spreading since the end of Oligocene. 5. Marquis G. v nnk (1995) quan nim l Dy sng ngm lin quan vi h kin trc cng gin bn Kainozoi Nha Trang.

Marquis G. et al. (1995) has been treating it as a ridge related to the extension of the Nha Trang Cenozoic basin. 6. L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng. 7. 8/ 1999. Trung ng Dng - Middle Indosinian (H un np, Fold System) 1. Gatinski Yu. v nnk, 1973. 2. min Trung bn o ng Dng, nm gip pha bc a khi Inosinia. In the middle part of the Indochina Peninsula, lying in the north of the Indosinian Geoblock. 3. Cu trc ca h un np bao gm cc i un np l cc phc vng v phc vng vi mng un np ch yu l cc thnh to trm tch, phun tro Paleozoi, cc phc h sinh ni l cc trm tch kiu molas - lc nguyn v cc thnh to xm nhp trc Mesozoi. The structure of the fold system is composed of anticlinoria and synclinoria, which have the folded basement mainly of Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanogenic formations, while their orogenic complexes consist of molassic-terrigenous sediments and pre-Mesozoic magmatic intrusions.

4. H un np c tin khi bi cc trng a mng bao quanh pha bc a khi Inosinia vo u Paleozoi. The fold system was initiated from geosynclinal depressions, which surrounded the northern margin of the Indosinian Geoblock at the beginning of Paleozoic. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 7. 8/1999. Trng Sn (i phc vng, Synclinorium Zone) 1. Gatinski v nnk., 1970 2. Bc Trung B (II.2) v mt s tnh pha ng Trung Lo North Trung B (II.2) and some provinces in the east of Middle Laos. 5. ng ngha ca i a mng thc un np Xing Khong - Long i Synonym of Xing Khong - Long i Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999. T L (i tng - cu trc, Structuro-facial Zone) 1. ovjikov A. E v nnk, 1965.

2. Ty Bc B (I.3);nm phn trung tm dy Ppan Xi Pan, t Than Uyn qua Ngha L n Quang Huy; x = 21015, y = 103045 - 104040. West Bc B (I.3); located in the centre of the Phan Xi Pan Range, stretching from Than Uyn through Ngha L to Quang Huy. 3. Dng bn trng lp y cc trm tch phun tro tui Jura - Creta. Cc di hp trm tch Trias l ra (ty bc) v dc cc t gy trung tm. Pht trin ph bin cc i bin cht ng lc thng ng i km theo cc t gy trong i ln nht chy qua phn trc ca vng. Bin cht ng lc tr ph bin cc i T L v Phan Xi Pan c quan h vi phc h xm nhp Phan Xi Pan. This zone has the of a depression filled up with Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanio-sedimentary formationss. Narrow bands of Triassic sediments are exposed in the northwestern margin and olong central faults. Vertical dynamo-metamorphic zones are widwespread with accompanying faults, among them the largest zone stretches along the axial part of the zone. Recent dynamic metamorphism is widwesead in this zone, as well as in the Phan Xi Pan one, is related to Phan Xi Pan instrusive Complex. 4. Vng T L hnh thnh bi s ti hot ng ca h thng t gy ra (phn cch cc i nng Phan Xi

Pan v i st vng Trias Sng ) vo thi k sau hot ng a mng, un np v nghch o st trc Nori ca min un np a mng Ty Vit Nam. N c coi l c lin quan n chuyn ng ca ai Thi Bnh Dng. The zone was formed by the reactivation of the marginal fault system (wich separated the uplifted Phan Xi Pan Zone and the Triassic Sng Depression) during the post-geosynclinal, folding and reverse pre-Norian period of the West Vit Nam Geosynclinal Fold Region. It has been regarded as related to the motion of the Pacific Belt. 5. Khi nim ph bin xem i T L l mt cu trc chng ni lc (ni mng) tui Mesozoi mun (Gatinski v nnk, 1970; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975; v.v.). Mt s quan nim l Trng ni la - kin to ngun rift (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1979; Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; Hutchison, 1989; v.v.) i ni la - kin to sau va chm (L Duy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996); hay im nng (L Nh Lai, 1993). This zone is used to be considered as an Intracontinental (Intraplate) Late Mesozoi superimposed structure (Gatinski et al. 1970; Nguyn nh Ct, 1972; Trn Vn Tr et al. 1975). Some workers have been regarding it as Tectonovolcanic Rift Depression (Trn Vn Tr et al. 1979;

Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982; Hutchinson, 1989; etc.), Post-collisional tectono-volcanic Zone (L Dzuy Bch, Ng Gia Thng, 1996), or Hot Spot (L Nh Lai, 1993). 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch. 7. 8/1999. Tng B - Bc M (Trng chu kin to, Tectonic Mulde) 1. T Hong Tinh, 1972. 2. ng Bc B (I.1); tnh H Giang. East Bc B (I.1); H Giang Province; x = 22025 - 23010, y = 104045 - 105035. 3. Cc thnh to lc nguyn - carbonat, felsit, porphyr thch anh, orthophyr v trachyt tui evon cng vi cc xm nhp syenit thch anh, granosyenit, v thnh to ni la syenit porphyr, granit porphyr b bin cht, c nt, phn b theo phng TB-N to thnh trng chu kin to Tng B - Bc M. Devonian formations of terrigenous-carbonate sediments, felsite, quartz porphyry, orthophyre and trachyte, together with intrusions of quartz syenite, granosyenite, and subvolcanic formations of porphyritic syenite, porphyritic granite which were metamorphosed and cataclased. They are

distributed in NW-SE direction and form the Tng B - Bc M Tectonic Mulde. 4. Min st vng to thnh trng chu kin to Tng B Bc M vi cc thnh to trm tch - ni la - xm nhp nng axit-kim cha st, sulfur a kim c cc h t gy TB-N khng ch, un np thnh cc np lm, np li xen k nhau. Cc thnh to trn hnh thnh trong mi trng bin qua cc giai on st, nng v un np, bin cht nhit ng a phng The depression transformed into Tng B - Bc M Tectonic Mulde with its volcano-sedimentary formations and iron-, polymetallic sulphidebearing felsic-alkaline hypabyssal intrusions controlled by NW-SE fault systems, suffered folding in forming intercalated synclines and anticlines. These formations were formed in marine environment through different stages of subsidence, uplift, folding and local thermodynamic metamorphism. 5. Thc t tn ti mt phc h trm tch, ni la, ni la v xm nhp nng axit-kim kiu bi cnh ra ng pht trin sau x ng trn min lc a (Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1977, 1986; Nguyn Xun Tng v nnk, 1986, 1992), di dng aulacogen (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985)

In fact, there exists a sedimentary, volcanic, subvolcanic complex accompanied by felsicalkaline hypabyssal intrusion of active margin type, that was developed on the continent after collision (Trn Vn Tr et al. 1977, 1986; Nguyn Xun Tng et al. 1986, 1992), in the form of an aulacogen (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao 1985). 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 10 / 1999.

v.
Vit-Lo -- Vit - Laos (i un np Mesozoi, Mesozoic Fold Zone) 1. Kuriavtsev G.A v nnk., 1969 2. Vit-Lo (II); nm pha bc bn o ng Dng, bao gm cc vng lnh th Thng Lo, Trung Lo v Ty Bc B. Theo cc h t gy ln i ny tip gip vi a khi Inosinia pha nam, i un np Bc Vit Nam pha ng v i un np MyanmarMalaysia pha ty Vit-Laos (II); situated in the north of the Indochina Peninsula, including the territory of Upper Laos, Central Laos and West Bc B. According to great

fault systems, this zone adjoins with the Indosinian Geoblock in the south, North Vit Nam Fold Zone in the east, and Myanmar-Malaysia Fold Zone in the west. 3. Mt ct mng un np ca i bao gm hai t phn l Hercyni v Mesozoi sm (Inosini). Phc h a mng un np bao gm cc thnh to a cht tui Orovic, Silur, evon v Carbon sm. Phc h a mng Mesozoi sm bao gm cc thnh to Paleozoi thng v Trias. Cn phc h sinh ni bao gm cc thnh to cha than tui Nori-Ret v thch cao tui Creta, thng phn b trong cc trng ni lc hay gia ni The section of the folded basement of the zone is composed of two Hercynides and Early Mesozoides components. The folded geosynclinal complex includes Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Early Carboniferous geological formations. The Early Mesozoic geosynclinal system includes Upper Paleozoic and Triassic formations. And the orogenic complex is composed of Norian-Rhaetian coal-bearing formation and Cretaceous gypsumbearing formation, usually distributed in intracontinental or intermontane depressions. 4. i un np Vit-Lo l di tch ca i ng kiu a mng pht trin vng N vo thi k phn r Pangea. N nguyn l mt i ng pht trin a k,

khi sinh vo u Paleozoi trn mng c v kiu lc a. Bin ho Hercyn lm bin v v un np mnh cc thnh to Paleozoi h-trung. Cn bin ho Inosini khp kn hon ton i ng ny vo cui Trias The Vit-Laos Fold Zone is the relict of a mobile zone of geosynclinal type which was developed in SE Asia region during the dispersion period of Pangea. It was, by origin, a multicycly developed mobile zone, which appeared at the beginning of Paleozoic on the basement having the continental crust. Hercynian diastrophism altered and strongly folded Lower-Middle Paleozoic formations. And the Indosinian diastrophism completely closed this mobile zone at the end of Triassic. 5. Khi nim cu trc un np Vit-Lo c s dng nhiu trong cc cng trnh kin to v sau vi hnh dung l mt h un np bao gm nhiu i un np v cc khi c c tui to lp khc nhau. Cc kt qu nghin cu mi cho thy mng un np ca cu trc Vit-Lo ch yu c tui Paleozoi sm-gia. Trong Mesozoi cc hot ng kiu ni mng gi vai tr u th The concept of Vit-Laos Fold Structure has been often used in further tectonic works, regarding it as a fold system which is composed of many fold zones and old blocks of various forming ages. New

research results have been showing that the folded basement of the Vit-Laos Structure has mainly the Early-Middle Paleozoic age. During Mesozoic the activities of intraplate type played the dominant role. 6. L Duy Bch. 7. 10/1999. Vit - Trung -- Sino-Vietnamese (H a mng un np Caleon, Caledonian Geosynclinal Fold System) 1. Trn Vn Tr, 1975. 2. Phn ln din tch Bc B v min ng Nam Trung Quc; x = 20o - 28o , y = 103o - 117o; nm pha bc i khu Sng M v ng nam nn Dng T. The major part of Bc B and SE China areas; extended in the north of Sng M Suture Zone and the SE of the Yang-tze Platform. 3. Cc thnh to siu bin cht Tin Cambri l ra dy Hong Lin Sn v dy Con Voi thuc Bc Vit Nam, v Yunkai Qung ng, Trung Quc. Gia chng l cc thnh to trm tch v magma Phanerozoi, trong c bit c cc ni la bazan trong cc h tng Sng M v H Giang, cc th mafic, siu mafic thuc cc phc h Ni Na v Nm Bt (PZ1), cc lot flysh-turbiit cc h tng Ph Ng v C T (O3-S1) cng cc xm nhp granitoi

thuc cc phc h Phia Ma, trm tch vn th (D1) v carbonat (D2-3, C-P). Cu trc dng vm Vit Bc, dng tuyn TB-N Ty Bc B, B-TN ng Bc B The P Cambrian ultrametamorphic formations are exposed in the Hong Lin Sn and Con Voi Ranges of North Vit Nam, and Yunkai Range of Guangtung, China. Phanerozoic sedimentary and magmatic formations are destributed between these matamorphic rocks, among them worthy to pay attention are basalts in the Sng M and H Giang Fms, mafic and ultramafic bodies of the Ni Na and Nm Bt magmatic complex (PZ1), flysch-turbidite sequences of the Ph Ng and C T Fms (O3-S1), and granitoid intrusions of the Sng Chy, Po Sen, Mng Lt and Ngn Sn Complex (PZ2), syenitegranosyenite of the Phia Ma Complex, clastic sediments (D1) and carbonate (D2-3, C-P). The structure is of dome-shaped form in Vit Bc, linear form of NW-SE in west Bc B. 4. Min un np Vit Trung l mt a khi hn hp c ngun gc t Gondwana, cn cc di ch cung o, v i dng Paleotethys to thnh ophiolit cc i khu l ra nhiu ni trong cc lu vc sng M, sng L, sng Chy, sng Cu,... Cc n v chnh gm a khi ngoa lai Hong Lin Sn vi mng bin cht Tin Cambri v lp ph Phanerozoi tch

trt t ra craton Dng T v cc h un np Vit Bc, ng Bc B, Ty Bc B c hnh thnh do qu trnh va trm, to ni Caleon. Qu trnh bin ci Paleozoi mun - Mesozoi to ra cc rift Sng , Sng Hin, An Chu, a ho Hn Gai, v qu trnh Kainozoi to ra rift H Ni This zone is a composite terrane originated from Gondvane; the remains of island arcs and oceanic crust of Paleotathys forming ophiolite in suture are exposed in many palces in the basin of M, L, Chy, Cu Rivers, ect... The main units consist of Hong Lin Sn allochthonous geoblock with the Precambrian metamorphic basement and the Phanerozoic cover separated from the margin of the Yangtze craton, and the Vit Bc, East Bc B and West Bc B formed during the collision process and Caledonian orogeny. The Late Paleozoic - Mesozoic reworking process formed the Sng , Sng Hin and An Chu Rifts, the Hn Gai graben, whilst the Cenozoic - the H Ni Rift. 5. Trong khng gian c nhng n v kin to gn gi nh: Yu t Thng Bc B - ng Nam Trung Hoa (Fromaget, 1941), khi kin to Ty Bc - ng Bc Vit Nam (Ng Thng Sa, 1965), khi kin to Bc B - Dng T - Cathaysia (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982), nn Trung Vit (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao, 1985, 1992), H a mng un np Vit -

Trung (L Duy Bch, 1985; Phm Quang, 1986),... cng c phn chia On the spatial side there are close tectonic units, such as: Upper Tonkin - Southeast China Element (Fromaget, 1941), Northwest-Northeast Vit Nam Tectonic Block (Ng Thng San, 1965), Bc B Yangtse - Cathaysia Block (Nguyn Xun Tng, 1982), Sino - Vietnamese Platform (Trn c Lng, Nguyn Xun Bao 1985, 1992), SinoVietnamese Geosynclinal Fold System (L Duy Bch 1985, Phm Vn Quang 1986), etc. wich were preposed.. 6. Trn Vn Tr. 7. 10/ 1999. Vng Tu - Thun Hi (n nghing, Monocline) 1. Ng Thng San v nnk., 1980 2. Inosinia; vng bin ven b ng Nam B, ra TB ca trng Cu Long Indosinia; in the nearshore sea of East Nam B, on the NW margin of the Cu Long Depression; x = 8030 - 100 N; y = 1050 - 1090 E. 3. V thc cht th n nghing ny l phn ra TB ca trng tam Cu Long, phn chuyn tip ca i Lt trn t lin xung trung tm trng Cu

Long. Cc thnh to trm tch trong n nghing tng t trng Cu Long nhng c chiu dy nh hn (t khong 1000-1500 m) v nghing u v pha trung tm trng. Mng un np Mesozoi mun gm cc thnh to trm tch - phun tro v cc xm nhp granitoi tui Jura - Creta l ra ri rc trn cc o ven b This monocline, in its essence, is the NW marginal part of the Tertiary Cu Long Depression, which is the transitional part of the Lt Zone on the mainland into the centre of the Cu Long Depression. The sedimentary formations in the monocline is similar to those of the Cu Long Depression, but with a smaller thickness (about 1000 to 1500 m), and inclining to the centre of the depression. The Late Mesozoic folded basement is composed of Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanosedimentary formations and granitoid intrusions, scatteredly exposed on the near-shore islands. 4. S hnh thnh v pht trin ca n nghing Vng Tu - Thun Hi gn b cht ch vi s hnh thnh v pht trin do st ln sau to ni Mesozoi mun ca trng tam Cu Long kiu gia ni The formation and development of the Vng Tu Thun Hi Monocline are closely related to the formation and development by subsidence after

Late Mesozoic orogeny of the Tertiary Cu Long Depression of intermontane type. 5. Khi nim n nghing Vng Tu - Thun Hi thch hp cho vic m t cu trc chuyn tip gia trng Cu Long v cc cu trc lc a ng Nam B. Hin nay t c s dng The concept on Vng Tu - Thun Hi Monocline is appropriate to the description of transitional structure between the Cu Long Depression and comtinental structures of East Nam B. But, at present it is rarely used. 6. Ng Gia Thng, L Duy Bch 7. 10/1999.

x.
Xing Khong - Long i (i a mng thc un np, Eugeosynclinal Fold Zone) 1. L Duy Bch, 1989. 2. Vng pha ty cc tnh Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu v pha ng cc tnh Xing Khong, Bolikhamxay, Khm Mun (Lo).To ; x = 16010 - 19o30, y = 102o30 107050. Located in the western part of the Ngh An, H

Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin - Hu (Vit Nam), and the eastern part of the Xing Khong, Bolikhamxay and Khm Mun (Laos) Provinces. 3. Mng un np bao gm cc phc h trm tch v magma Caleon (O3-D), Hercyn (D-C). Phc h sinh ni kiu molas v phun tro c tui Permi (trng Khay Khang). Ranh gii ca i l cc h thng t gy su in Bin - Khort pha ty, Sng C Ro Ny pha ng bc v Hu - Th Kht pha ty nam. Kin trc ca i b phc tp ho bi kin sinh hu hoi Mesozoi v Kainozoi. The folded basement is composed of Caledonian (O3-D) and Hercynian (D-C) sedimentary and magmatic complexes. The orogenic complex of molassic type effusives is of Permian age (Khang Khay Depression). The boundary of the zone consists of in Bin - Khorat Deep-seated Fault System in the W, Sng C - Ro Ny Fault in the NE, and Hu - Thakhet one in the SW. The structure of the zone was complicated by Mesozoic and Cenozoic destructive tectonisms. 4. i Xing Khong - Long i th hin hot ng tch cc vo na sau Orovic vi vic sinh thnh cc hp to phun tro - trm tch kiu cung o (vng Long i). Cc phc h a mng c tip tc hnh thnh trong Silur, evon v Carbon. Vo u Carbon

ng thi xut hin cc pha va chm sm vi vic ny sinh granitoi (kiu Trng Sn). Bin ho Hercyn xy ra vo Permi v c kt ho ton i . This zone expressed its activities in the last half of Ordovician with the formation of volcanogenosedimentary association of island arc type (Long i area). The geosynclinal complexes continued to be formed during Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous. At the beginning of Carboniferous appeared early collisional phases forming the granitoid complex of Trng Sn type. The Hercynian diastrophism happened in Permian in consolidating the whole zone. 5. Kin trc Xing Khong - Long i thng c ghp vo a mng Trng Sn (Fromaget, 1937; Saurin, 1956), H un np trc Trias gia (ovjikov v nnk, 1965); i phc vng Trng Sn (Gatinski v nnk, 1970, 1973; Trn Vn Tr v nnk, 1975, 1979; v.v.). Nhn chung phn v ny c xem l mt t phn quan trng ca Min un np Vit - Lo (hay ng Dng). The studies zone is used to be attached to the Trng Sn Geosyncline (Fromaget, 1937; Saurin, 1956), pre- Middle Triassic Fold System (Dovzhikov et al. 1965), Trng Sn Synclinorium Zone (Gatinski et al. 1970, 1973; Trn Vn Tr et al. 1975, 1979; etc.). In general, this structure has

been regarded as an important component of the Vit-Laos Fold Region (or Indochina). 6. L Duy Bch. 1. 8/1999.