Đồ án điều khiển quạt bằng hồng ngoại với chức năng hẹn giờ

0 A N N0 N B0 C 1 GVHD: Nguye n Buy Tha o
SVTH: Nguye n Tan T i 091012 B 1

PHN M U
Ngy nay, cng vi s tin b vt bc ca khoa hc k thut v nhng ng
dng ca ngnh in in t gp phn lm cho cuc sng con ngi tin b
hn, hin i hn, thoi mi v tin nghi hn. Nh s xut hin ca hng lot
cc loi my mc m nng sut lao ng c nng cao m chi ph sc lao ng
c tit kim. C th ni cc my mc, thit b hin i gip con ngi tit
kim 30% n 80% cc hot ng hng ngy.
Ngoi s gip sc trong lao ng nhm nng cao nng sut v gim sc lc lao
ng b ra th cc cc ng dng khoa hc k thut cn gip cho con ngi c
cuc sng tt p hn. Hin nay, cc vt dng dng trong gia nh u c s
thay i vt bc so vi thi gian trc y. Phng khch hin i hn, phng
ng thoi mi hn, nh bp tin dng hncc vt v tri v gic trong
gia nh ngy nay dng nh thng minh hn nh cc ng dng k thut m c
bit l cc ng dng ca ngnh k thut in in t.
Vic ng dng k thut iu khin t xa cho cc vt dng l iu khng cn xa
l i vi mi ngi. khng cn trc tip tc ng n ni t h thng. Ch cn
mt vi thao tc n gin v gn nh l c th iu khin h thng theo mong
mun.
ng dng iu khin t xa xut hin nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. T ng dng
trong gii tr n ng dng cho cc my mc thit b quan trng trong sn xut
v nghin cu. T nhng h thng n gin n nhng h thng phc tp khc
nhau. T nhng khong cch gn cho n nhng khong cch xa. T nhng
mn chi gn nh cho n nhng my mc phc tp
Vic pht trin k thut iu khin t xa gip cho x hi pht trin hn.
Nhng cng vic mang tnh an ton thp nh cc hot ng nghin cu trong


lnh vc nghin cu vt l ht nhn, ha hc, sinh hcth ng dng iu
khin t xa m bo an ton cho ngi thc hin v chnh xc cao.
Trong cuc sng hng ngy th iu khin t xa gp mt phn quan trng gip
cuc sng hin i hn. TiVi, u Video, VCD,DVD... cho n cc vt dng c
bn nh qut my, iu ha u xut hin tnh nng ny.
Xut pht t nhng nhu cu trn em chn ti Mch iu khin qut
bng tia hng ngoi vi chc nng hn gi thc hin trong mn n mn
hc 1 ln ny



PHN NI DUNG
CHNG I : S LC V L THUYT THU PHT HNG NGOI
I. KHI NIM V NH SNG HNG NGOI:
nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c
bng mt thng, c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m. Tia hng
ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng. Tia hng ngoi c th truyn
i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.
Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s. Lng thng tin c truyn i vi
nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi song in t m ngi ta vn
dng. Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu
khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng,
do khi thu phi ng hng. Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan
trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi t qua thu knh, tiu c ). nh sng
thng v nh sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trong s xuyn sut qua vt
cht. C nhng vt cht ta thy n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh
sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn sut. V vt liu bn dn trong sut i
vi nh sng hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n vt qua cc
lp bn dn i ra ngoi.
II. NGUYN L THU PHT HNG NGOI:
Vic s dng c tia hng ngoi rt hay v n ph bin v khng nh hng
t trng, v th n c s dng tt trong truyn thng v iu khin.
Nhng n khng hon ho, mt s vt pht hng ngoi rt mnh lm nh
hng n truyn thng v iu khin nh quang ph mt tri. Kh khn khi
s dng hng ngoi lm REMOTE iu khin TV/VCR hoc nhng ng
dng khc v linh kin rt tn km. Vic thu hoc pht bc x hng ngoi


bng nhiu phng tin khc nhau, c th nhn tia hng ngoi t nh sng
mt tri. Nhiu th c th pht tia hng ngoi nh: l bc x, l in, n, c
th ngi, c th truyn tia hng ngoi tt phi trnh xung nhiu bt
buc phi dng m pht v nhn n nh xc nh xem l xung truyn
hay nhiu. Tn s lm vic tt nht t 30 KHz n 60 KHz, nhng thng s
dng khong 36 KHz. nh sng hng ngoi truyn 36 ln/1s khi truyn mc
0 hay mc . Dng tn s 36 KHz truyn tn hiu hng ngoi th d, nhng
kh thu v gii m phi s dng b lc tn hiu ng ra l xung vung, nu
ng ra c xung ngha l nhn c tn hiu ng vo.
1. Phn pht:
S khi:

- Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha: Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm
chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh, m phm chc nng tng ng vi
mt s thp phn. Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng
di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1. S bit trong m lnh nh phn
c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t.


- Khi dao ng c iu kin: Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi
ng mch dao ng to xung ng h, tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian
chun ca mi bit.
- Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip: M nh phn ti
mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni
tip. Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung
ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i
s bit ca mt m lnh.
- Khi iu ch v pht FM: m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch
iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n
100Khz, nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn, ngha l tng c
ly pht.
- Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi. Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th
LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr
bit =0 th LED khng sng. Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh
bit = 0 .
2. Phn thu
S khi chc nng

- Khi thit b thu: Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu
hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc.


- Khi khuch i v Tch sng: trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri
a qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn
thit l m lnh.
- Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m: m lnh
c a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi
gii m ra thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra
tng ng kch m mch iu khin.
- Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn
phn thu gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b, m bo cho mch tch
sng v mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc.
--------------oOo---------------



Chng 2 : GII THIU CP IC THU PHT PT2248 & PT2249

I. IC PHT TN HIU HNG NGOI PT2248
y l mt b truyn pht tia hng ngoi ng dng bi cng ngh CMOS.
PT2248 kt hp vi PT2249 to ra 10 chc nng.Vi cch t hp nh vy, c
th dng cho nhiu loi thit b t xa.

c tnh :
- c sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS
- Tiu th cng sut thp
- Vng in p hot ng: 2.2V-5V
- S dng c nhiu phm
- t thnh phn ngoi

ng dng:
- B pht hng ngoi dung trong cc thit b in t nh: Tivi, u Video, My
iu ha,



Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.
Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh 455KHz bn ngoi cho b to dao
ng bn trong IC.
Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6): l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn t K1
n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 (T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18 phm.
Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc ch
to ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.
Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht,
khi khng s dng c th b trng.
Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM. ( 12 bit tn hiu
c truyn i bi sng mang 38KHz )
Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng



S KHI CHC NNG CA PT2248

B to dao ng v b phn tn:

c th pht c i xa, ta cn c xung c tn s 38Khz ni nhn nhng
trn th trng kh tm c thch anh ng tn s nn ta chn tn s ca thch
anh l 455Khz cho b to dao n tn s s c a qua b phn tn chia

SVTH: Nguye n Tan T i 091012 B 1 0

n ra thnh 12 ln.
Mch in phm vo: C tng cng 18 phm c ni ti cc chn K1 K6 v
mch hot ng thi gian T1 T3 to ra bn phm ma trn (6*3).

- Phm 1 6: l nhng phm cho ra tn hiu lin tc khi n gi.
- Phm 7 18: l nhng phm cho ra nhng tn hiu khng lin tc. Tn
hiu s b mt ngay khi nhn vo cho d c gi phm.
- Lnh truyn: gm mt t lnh c to bi 3 bit m ngi dng, 1 bit m lin
tc, 2 bit m khng lin tc v 6 bit m ng vo. Vy, n c 12 bit m.Trong ,
3 bit m ngi dng c to nh sau
D liu ca 3 bit m T1, T2, T3 s l 1 nu 1 diode c ni gia
chn CODE v chn Tn (n = 1-3); v l 0 khi khng ni diode.


IC thu PT2249 c th hiu c tn hiu truyn i th cc bit m ngi dng
phi tng ng vi nhau.

V IC thu PT2249, ch c 2 bit m (CODE 2, CODE 3), nn code C1 ca
PT2249 s lun mc 1. Nn trong mch pht ta lun ni diode t T1 vo
chn Code.
o C1,C2,C3 : m ngi dng
o H : m tn hiu lin tc
o S1,S2 : m tn hiu khng lin tc
o D1- D6 : m ng vo
Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cngni b
dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s ca b
phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l


38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m
bo cng sut ca n tiu hao thp.
Nu nh cc phm cng hng ng thi n xung th th t u tin l
K1>K2>K3>K4>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mt
ng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3.

II. IC THU TN HIU V GII M TN HIU HNG NGOI
PT2249
IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, n i cp vi IC pht PT2248
to thnh b IC thu - pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng ngoi.

Chc nng cc chn:
- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.
- Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu.
- Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c
tnhiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.


- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn
thuc tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic
1trong khong thi gian l 107ms.
- Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia
phn pht v phn thu. M s ca 2 chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng ca
phn pht th mi thu c tn hiu.
- Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao
ngcho mch.
- Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

S khi bn trong IC



Sau khi IC pht PT2248 pht tn hiu (2 chu k) i, tn hiu s
c mt thu tip nhn ri a n n chn RXin. Chn RXin c nhim v s
chnh li dng sng ca tn hiu cho chun. Sau , tn hiu c a ti b lc
s. B lc s c nhim v lc ly cc d liu ri a n thanh ghi. D liu u
tin c lu vo thanh ghi 12 bit. Tip n, d liu th hai s c np vo
thanh ghi. D liu u tin s c a qua b m ng ra nu m ca n khp
vi m ca phn pht. Trng hp , m ca d liu khng khp vi m ca
phn pht th qu trnh s c lp li.
M ngi dng :
Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2v C3 cung cp tn hiu m s
cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng.
IC PT2248 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca IC PT2249 l:

u C (code) ni vi t in cho n t l 1, trc tip ni t l 0
V d: Mch sau ch hot ng khi Code bit C2 =1v C3=0



Mch dao ng trong IC : S kt ni phn ti dao ng:

Ch : 1. R = 39k + 5%
2. C= 100pF + 5% ( theo datasheet )

+ Bng tra cc chn pht tn hiu iu khin trn PT 2249



Cch nh s phm v kt ni c da trn s sau:

----------------- o o------------------------


CHUNG 3 : S LC V CC LINH KIN KHC TRONG MCH
NG DNG
- IC m BCD 7490
- IC m BCD t trc s m 74192
- IC Cht d liu 74374
- FlipFlop JK - IC 74112
- Cc IC cng logic
- IC to dao ng - LM555
- Gii m led 7 on IC 74247
- Cc linh kin th ng c bn khc

I. IC M 74LS90
IC 7490 l IC thng dng vi chc m BCD :
IC 7490 c 16 vi s chn nh sau:

S chn v s k hiu ca IC 7490
- Chn 1 v chn 14 l cc chn CP1 , CP0 dng cp xung m cho
mch. Xung m CK tc ng cnh xung.


- Chn 2 v chn 3: IC7490 c 2 ng vo reset c a qua ng vo cng
AND reset cho mch. Reset tc ng mc cao.
- Cc chn 4, 13 l cc chn NC ( khng c kt ni ).
- Chn 5 : chn ni vo VCC ly in p cho ic hot ng.
- Chn 10: chn ni mass.
- Chn 6 , 7 : 2 ng vo set set ng ra thnh 1001 , 2 chn ny c ni
qua cng AND.
- Cc chn 12, 9, 8, 11 : cc chn ng ra Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3
S mch bn trong ca IC 7490 :

Bng kt ni cc trng thi hot ng ca IC7490:



Trnh t m ca IC:

Ch : Cn kt ni ng ra Q0 vi chn CP1 m c BCD.
II. IC M BCD T TRC S M IC 74192
IC 74192 l IC c chc nng m ln v m xung , c th t trc s m
S chn v s k hiu ca IC 74192 nh sau:

- Chn cp ngun : chn 16 : VCC , chn 8 : GND
- Chn ng vo xung Ck m ln CPU: chn 5 ( CPD = 1 )
- Chn ng vo xung CK m xung CPD : chn 4 ( CPU = 0 )
- Cc chn tn hiu t trc s m P0 P1 P2 P3 : tng ng cc chn 15,
1, 10, 9


- Chn tn hiu LOAD: Chn 11. Khi chn load mc 0 .. tn hiu cc
chn P s c a ra cc ng ra Q.
- Chn tin hiu master reset mc cao : chn 14
- Cc chn ng ra Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 : 3, 2, 6, 7
- Chn 13 TCD v Chn 14 TCU : cc chn ny dng kt ni vi cc IC
m 74192 khc to mch m .

Bng trng thi hot ng :

Mt s v d ng dng 74192:



III. IC CHT D LIU 74374
IC74374 c chc nng cht d liu
IC 74374 c 8 bit ng vo v 8 bit ng ra
Hot ng cht d liu khi c xung Ck v c 1 chn cho php IC hot ng
c.

S chn
trn IC 74374:



S cc chn chc nng:
Cc tn hiu ng vo c t ti
Cc chn t D0 n D7.
Khi c tn hiu xung Ck mc cao chn
CLK th cc tn hiu ng vo c cht
li cc chn ng ra.
Bng trng thi hot ng ca IC:

S mch
bn trong ca IC

IV. FLIPFLOP JK IC 74LS112
IC 74LS112 c 2 flipflop JK s chn v s k hiu nh sau:

Chn ngun VCC : chn 16
Chn ni mass : GND chn 8
D0
3
Q0
2
D1
4
Q1
5
D2
7
Q2
6
D3
8
Q3
9
D4
13
Q4
12
D5
14
Q5
15
D6
17
Q6
16
D7
18
Q7
19
OE
1
CLK
11
U1
74LS374


Flipflop 1:
- Chn 1 : CLK
- Chn 2, 3 : J, K
- Chn 4 , 15 : preset tch cc mc thp v clear tch cc mc thp
- Chn 5, 6 : ng ra Q v Q o.
Flipflop 2:
- Chn 13 : CLK
- Chn 11, 12 : J, K
- Chn 10 , 14 : preset tch cc mc
thp v clear tch cc mc thp
- Chn 9, 7 : ng ra Q v Q o.
Cc trng thi hot ng ca flipflop JK:
V. CC IC CNG LOGIC ( AND, OR, NOT )
1. Cng AND IC 74LS08
K hiu cng AND trn mch nguyn l :

IC 74LS08 c 14 chn .. c tch hp bn trong 4 cng AND.
S chn v s k hiu ca IC
Chn VCC: 14
Chn GND : 7



Bng trng thi:

2. Cng OR IC 74LS32
IC 7432 c 4 cng OR c tch hp bn trong IC 14 chn
S chn v s k hiu

Chn VCC: 14
Chn GND : 7

Bng trng thi cng OR:

3. Cng NOT IC 74LS14
S chn ca IC 7414:



VCC: 14
GND : 7
IC 7414 c 14 chn . tch hp 6 cng NOT
VI. IC TO DAO NG LM555
IC555 l mt loi linh kin kh l ph bin by gi vi vic d dng to c
xung vung v c th thay i tn s ty thch, vi s mch n gin,iu
ch c rng xung. N c ng dng hu ht vo cc mch to xung ng
ct hay l nhng mch dao ng khc.y l linh kin ca hng CMOS sn xut
.Sau y l bng thng s ca 555 c trn th trng :
+ in p u vo : 2 - 18V ( Ty tng loi ca 555 : LM555, NE555,
NE7555..)
+ Dng in cung cp : 6mA - 15mA
+ in p logic mc cao : 0.5 - 15V
+ in p logic mc thp : 0.03 - 0.06V
+ Cng sut ln nht l : 600mW
* Cc chc nng ca 555:
+ L thit b to xung chnh xc
+ My pht xung
+ iu ch c rng xung (PWM)
+ iu ch v tr xung (PPM) (Hay dng trong thu pht hng ngoi)
S chn ca IC 555


Chn 1 (GND): Chn cho ni masse ly dng.
Chn 2 (Trigger): Chn so p vi mc p chun l 1/3 mc ngun nui.
Chn 3 (Output): Chn ng ra, tn hiu trn chn 3 c1 dng xung, khng mc
p thp th mc p cao.
Chn 4 (Reset): Chn xc lp trng thi ngh vi mc p trn chn 3 mc thp,
hay hot ng.
Chn 5 (Control Voltage): Chn lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555.
Chn 6 (Threshold): Chn so p vi mc p chun l 2/3 mc ngun nui.
Chn 7 (Discharge): Chn c kha in ng masse, thng dng cho t x
in.
Chn 8 (VCC): Chn ni vo ng ngun V+. IC 555 lm vic vi mc ngun
t 3 n 15V.
S cu to bn trong :



S mch to dao ng dng IC LM555

Cng thc tnh chu k xung ca mch ;
+ Tn s ca tn hiu u ra l :
f = 1/(ln2.C.(R1 + 2R2))
+ Chu k ca tn hiu u ra : t = 1/f
+ Thi gian xung mc cao (1) trong mt chu k :
t1 = ln2 .(R1 + R2).C
+ Thi gian xung mc thp (0) trong 1 chu k :
t2 = ln2.R2.C
V d: to c xung dao ng l f = 1.5Hz . u tin ta c chn hai gi tr
c trng l R1 v C2 sau ta tnh c R1. Theo cch tnh ton trn th ta
chn : C = 10nF, R1 =33k --> R2 = 33k (Tnh ton theo cng thc)


VII. MCH GII M LED 7 ON ANOD CHUNG IC 74247
Bng trng thi ng vo ng ra ca IC

Chn vcc : 16
Chn GND:8
Chn RBI : chn 5 : c chc nng xa ng ra khi ng vo bng 0 ( xa s 0 v
ngha )
Chn RBO : xa ng ra bt chp ng vo ( tt led )


VIII. CC LINH KIN TH NG C BN KHC
1. Mt thu hng ngoi
PIC 1018SCL l IC thu tn hiu hng ngoi vi nhng u im sau:
- L IC c Kch thc nh
- Phm vi thu nhn tn hiu xa (+,- 45 )
- Kh nng chng nhiu tt.
* S khi ca PIC 1018SCL

Tn hiu hng ngoi t ngun pht qua b truyn n mch thu
c led hng ngoi nhn ri a qua ba tng khuch i. Sau tn
hiu ny c qua mch lc bng thng (Band Pass Filter) chn dy
bng thng thch hp. ng ra tn hiu ny c qua mch khuch i (AGC)
tng khuch i nu cn thit.xung ny c qua mach so snh v phn tch
truc khi vo mch Schmitt Trigger.
Hot ng :
Mt thu c cu to 3 chn. Theo th t 1 2 3.
Chn 1 l chn out
Chn 2 l chan GND


Chn 3 l chan VCC
Khi mt thu nhn c tn hiu hng ngoi . Tn hiu s c khuch i
v o .. c xut ra ti chn out .
2. LED quang - LED pht tn hiu hng ngoi
quang tr, quang diode v quang transistor, nng lng ca nh sng chiu
vo cht bn dn v cp nng lng cho cc in t vt di cm. Ngc bli
khi mt in t t di dn in rt xung di ho tr th s pht ra mt nng
lng E=h.f
Di dn in Di ha tr Di cm hf. Khi phn cc thun mt ni P-N, in t t
do t vng N xuyn qua vng P v ti hp vi l trng (v phng din nng
lng ta ni cc in t trong di dn in c nng lng cao ri xung di
ho tr - c nng lng thp v kt hp vi l trng), khi ti hp th sinh ra
nng lng.
i vi diod Ge, Si th nng lng pht ra di dng nhit. Nhng i vi diod
cu to bng GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) nng lng pht ra l nh sng hng
ngoi (khng thy c) dng trong cc mch bo ng, iu khin t xa).
Vi GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide phosphor) nng lng pht ra l nh sng \vng
hay . Vi GaP (Gallium phosphor), nng lng nh sng pht ra mu vng
hoc xanh l cy. Cc Led pht ra nh sng thy c dng lm n
bo,trang tr Phn ngoi ca LED c mt thu knh tp trung nh sng pht
ra ngoi.


c nh sng lin tc, ngi ta phn cc thun LED. Tu theo mc nng
lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau s
quyt nh mu sc ca LED. Thng thng, LED c in th phn cc thun
cao hn it thng thng, trong khong 1,5 2,8V tu theo mu sc pht ra,
mu : 1,4 1,8V, vng: 2 2,5V, cn mu xanh l cy: 2 2,8V, v dng
in qua LED ti a khong vi mA.
s dng LED. u tin chng ta phi xc nh chn anod v chn
katod
Cch xc nh chn thng thng l : u chn katod , led c ch to
khuyt i mt phn, do ta d dng nhn bit.
Cng c th d dng xc nh nh vo di chn.: chn anod thng
c ch to di hn chn katod.
3. in tr
Ta hiu mt cch n gin - in tr l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn
in, nu mt vt dn in tt th in tr nh, vt dn in km th in tr ln,
vt cch in th in tr l v cng ln.

K hiu ca in tr trn cc s nguyn l.


n v ca in tr
n v in tr l (Ohm) , K , M
1K = 1000
1M = 1000 K = 1000.000
Phn loi in tr.
in tr thng : in tr thng l cc in tr c cng xut nh t
0,125W n 0,5W
in tr cng xut : L cc in tr c cng xut ln hn t 1W, 2W, 5W,
10W.
in tr s, in tr nhit : L cch gi khc ca cc in tr cng xut ,
in tr ny c v bc s, khi hot ng chng to nhit.
Cng xut ca in tr.
Khi mc in tr vo mt on mch, bn thn in tr tiu th mt
cng xut P tnh c theo cng thc
P = U . I = U2 / R = I2.R
4. T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc
mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu,
mch truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng .vv...
Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc t song song, gia c mt lp cch
in gi l in mi.
Ngi ta thng dng giy, gm , mica, giy tm ho cht lm cht in
mi v t in cng c phn loi theo tn gi ca cc cht in mi ny
nh T giy, T gm, T ho.
in dung : L i lng ni ln kh nng tch in trn hai bn cc ca t
in, in dung ca t in ph thuc vo din tch bn cc, vt liu lm cht
in mi v khong cch gi hai bn cc theo cng thc


C = . S / d
Trong C : l in dung t in , n v l Fara (F)
: L hng s in mi ca lp cch in.
d : l chiu dy ca lp cch in.
S : l din tch bn cc ca t in.
* n v in dung ca t : n v l Fara (F) , 1Fara l rt ln do
trong thc t thng dng cc n v nh hn nh MicroFara (F) ,
NanoFara (nF), PicoFara (pF).
Phn loi t in
T giy, T gm, T mica. (T khng phn cc )
Cc loi t ny khng phn bit m dng v thng c in dung nh t
0,47 F tr xung, cc t ny thng c s dng trong cc mch in c
tn s cao hoc mch lc nhiu.
T ho ( T c phn cc )
T ho l t c phn cc m dng , t ho c tr s ln hn v gi tr t
0,47F n khong 4.700 F , t ho thng c s dng trong cc mch
c tn s thp hoc dng lc ngun, t ho lun lun c hnh tr..
T xoay .
T xoay l t c th xoay thay i gi tr in dung, t ny thng
c lp trong Radio thay i tn s cng hng khi ta d i.

SVTH: Nguye n Tan T i 09101 2B 34

5. Relay (r-le)

Relay cng l mt ng dng ca cun dy trong sn xut thit b in t,
nguyn l hot ng ca Relay l bin i dng in thnh t trng thng
qua qun dy, t trng li to thnh lc c hc thng qua lc ht thc hin
mt ng tc v c kh nh ng m cng tc, ng m cc hnh trnh ca
mt thit b t ng vv...
Relay c cc loi tc ng cc mc in p khc nhau : 5 vol , 12 vol

Hnh di l mt v d s dng relay, khi c dng qua cun dy ca relay,
tip im thng h s ng li, ng mch v cp in cho thit b hot ng.


6. LED 7 ON
Led 7 on c hai loi, anode chung v cathode chung

7. Qut in
Cu to.


-Stato: Phn c nh cu to bi cc l st t mng ghp li vi nhau to
thnhmch t c cc rnh thng. Trn Stato c cun chy v cun c lch
nhau mtgc in 900, tc l cun dy ca cun t gia hai cun dy k
cn cun chyv cun mc ni tip vi t in.-Roto: l phn quay
Nguyn l hot ng
:Khi cho dng in vo qut th t trng to bi hai cun chy v cun
hp thnht trng quay nh s lch pha ga hai dng in trong hai cun. T
trng quay nytc ng ln roto lm pht sinh dng in ng chy trong
roto.Dng in ng di tc dng ca t trng quay tao ra moment quay lm
quay rototheo chiu t trng quay.

S mch in qut bn;

Qut bn thng thng gm c 3 cp tc V vy : qut bn thng c 5
u dy ra 1 dy ca cun chy , 1 dy ca cun , 3 dy tc .
Nh vy : qut hot ng, ta gn t vo 2 u dy cun v cun s
Ngun in AC mt dy ta a vo cun chy, dy cn li a vo 1 trong 3
dy tc .


Trong mch in phn sau, ta s s dng relay ng m cc u dy
ny iu khin qut.

-------------------O0O------------------------


CHNG 4: MCH NG DNG IU KHIN QUT
VI 3 CP TC
Sau y ta s thit k mch iu khin qut t xa vi 3 cp tc bng tin hiu
hng ngoi.
I. S KHI CA MCH

II. KHI PHT
khi pht truyn tn hiu hng ngoi i vi nhiu knh, ta s dng IC 2248.
Khi ta nhn mt nt iu khin , IC s pht ra mt xung v gi n khi thu
iu khin .
IC PT2248 c kh nng to ra t hp 18 phm t ma trn 6x3. Trong
c 6 phm lin tc (phm 1 n phm 6) v 12 phm khng lin tc (phm 7 n
phm 18).
Trong H, S1, S2 (tng ng vi T1, T2,T3) l i din cho m s pht
x lin tc(H) hoc khng lin tc (S1, S2)
Theo yu cu ca bi ton th em s dng 3 phm nhn khng lin tc v
1 phm nhn lin tc vi chc nng sau:


- Phm lin tc : c chc nng Off tc s 0
- Phm khng lin tc
o th nht : phm tc 1
o th hai: phm tc 2
o th ba: phm tc 3
Ngun: ta s dng ngun pin 3V cho mch pht. Chn pin CR 2032 v
nh gn.
M ngi dng:
y ta chn m ngi dng C1,C2,C3 l 1-0-0 ngha l ta ch ni
chn T1 qua diode v chn Code. Cc chn C2, C3 trng. V tng
ng bn IC thu cc chn Code2, Code3 ta ni xung GND ( mc 0 ).

Chn tn s dao ng:
o Tn s sng mang m truyn l tn s thu c do vi mch pht m
ha sau khi tin hnh chia tn 12 i vi tn s dao ng ca b
cng hng bng thch anh c u bn ngoi, cho nn mc
n nh v thp ca tn s ny ph thuc vo cht lng v qui
cch ca mch thch anh.
Tn s dao ng ca mch s dng trong b pht x iu khin t
xa thng ly t 400KHz n 500 KHz. Do , tn s sng mang tng
ng thng c cc loi nh: 32KHz, 35Khz, 38KHz v 40Kz. Ch lnh
m ha thng dng phng thc pht i bng tn s sng mang; mt
mt l nng cao cng sut tr s nh pht x tn hiu, mt khc l ng
dng mch chn tn s ca u thu hng ngoi lm cho sng tp nhiu lt


vo tn trc ca b khuch i theo con ng quang in c chn b
tn s c ch, tng thm sc chng nhiu ca my thu.
Ta chn thch anh 455 Khz thng dng trn th trng.

mch c th hot ng, ta chn 2 t 120pF ni vo 2 chn ca
thch anh xung gnd.

B khuch i:
o cng bc x nh sng ra mi trng cng mnh th dng
qua led pht phi ln. Do , tn hiu sau khi c x l s cho
qua b khuch i, khuch i tn hiu ln nh ta mong mun.
o B khuch i c th dng nhiu loi, loi dng IC Op-amp, loi
dng transistor. Khi s dng transistor c th dng 1 transistor hay
nhiu transistor.
o Ng ra ca PT2248 c dng ti ti a -5mAkhng dng
ko led pht hng ngoi.Dng transistor pnp A1015 nng
dng, led pht c th pht mnh hn .



T nguyn l ca IC PT2248 c th bit mi ln mch pht ra 3 nhm s liu,
mi nhm s liu ca tn hiu pht ra l 12 bit, trong c 3 bit m ngi dng
(C1, C2, C3), 6 bit m phm vo (D1 n D6) v 3 bit m lin tc hay khng lin
tc (H, S1, S2).
Khi ta nhn bt k mt trong cc phm c th t t 7 n 12 th ti phm ln
mc cao [1], cc phm cn li vn mc thp. Chng hn nh nhn phm s 9
th chn 6 (K3) ln mc cao v lc ny mch in bn phm np vo l 001000
hay m s ca s liu pht ra D1 ~ D6 l 001000 tng ng nh kt ni s
nguyn l cc phm kt ni vi T2 (ng vi S1) cng ln mc cao, y l cc
phm khng lin tc cn T1 v T3 (ng vi H v S2) vn mc thp, vy m
pht sinh tn hiu lin tc v khng lin tc by gi l 010.
Hn na nh s mch kt ni T1 ni chn code qua diode D1. Do , to ra
m ngi dng C1, C2, C3 tng ng l 100. V 3 m: m ngi dng, m lin
tc/m khng lin tc v m s liu c kt hp vi nhau qua cng OR a
n mch ng b tn hiu ra kt hp vi sng mang a ra chn (15) Txout n
transistor PNP qua led hng ngoi v pht bc x ra mi trng.

R1
330
D4
R2
2
A1015
PNP


S mch thi cng:

Theo s trn, tng ng cc phm vi tn hiu bn phn thu:

Phm 0 : HP4
Phm 1 : SP2
Phm 2: SP3
Phm 3: SP4

III. KHI THU
S dng IC PT2249 thi cng mch

VSS
1
XT
2
XT\
3
K1
4
K2
5
K3
6
K4
7
K5
8
VCC
16
TXOUT\
15
TEST\
14
CODE
13
T3
12
T2
11
T1
10
K6
9
IC1
PT2248
.
455kHz
C1
120p
C2
120p
D1
DIODE
R1
330
D4
R2
2
C9
47uF
A1015
PNP
Phim 0
Phim 1 Phim 2 Phim 3


S kt ni mch thu nh sau:

M ngi dng:
V m ngi dng bn phn pht ta s dng l 1-0-0 nn tng ng
bn phn thu cc chn Code2, Code3 ta phi ni xung GND ( mc 0 ).
Mi quan h gia m ngi dng ca PT2248 v 2249 th hin
bng sau.

B mt thu hng ngoi: lm nhim v nhn tn hiu nh sng t b pht
v bin thnh tn hiu in, a vo mch khuch i.
B khuch i :
o phc hi li tn hiu gc ln iu khin cc thnh phn k
tip ta s dng b khuch i n gin dng transistor ni E chung,


tn hiu vo t cc B, tn hiu ra ly trn cc C. Tn hiu sau khi
khuch ta a vo chn RXIN (2) ca IC PT2249.

S mch thi cng :

Khi mt thu nhn c tn hiu t b pht, chn s 1 ca mt thu s a tn hiu
n transistor C1815 khuch i tn hiu v o pha. Sau tn hiu c
a vo chn Rxin (2) ca PT2249.
Ty vo tn hiu thu c, mt trong cc chn ng vi cc phm s 0, s 1, s 2
hay s 3 s c kch ln mc cao v sau s v 0 sau 1 khong thi gian
rt ngn do PT2248 quy nh. Ring phm s 0 l phm lin tc, nn nu ta nhn
PT2249
NT
VSS
1
RXIN
2
HP1
3
HP2
4
HP3
5
HP4
6
HP5
7
SP5
8
VCC
16
OSC
15
SP4
9
CODE2
14
SP3
10
CODE3
13
SP2
11
SP1
12
R4
39k
1 2 3
MAT THU
CONN-SIL3
C1815
2N3706
R5
39k
R6
10k
C3
100uF
S 0 S' 3 S' 1 S' 2
C1
102


gi phm phn mch pht, chn HP4 ( 6 ) bn phn mch thu s gi lun
mc 1 cho n khi nh phm ra..
Cc tn hiu lin tc v khng lin tc ny ko c gi li khi ta nh phm bm
ra , v th cc tn hiu ny s c a qua mch cht tn hiu.

IV. KHI CHT TN HIU V IU KHIN RELAY

khi ny , ta s s dng IC 74374 cht li tn hiu t khi thu.

S kt ni mch thi cng nh sau:



IC 74374 c chc nng cht d liu cc chn ng vo D in .:
Ta s s dng cc tn hiu ly t cc chn HP4, SP2, SP3, SP4 IC 2249
phn thu nh thit k a vo ng vo cho IC cht.
cho php IC74374 c th hot ng c , cn ni chn cho php OE ( 1 )
xung GND.
Hot ng cht tn hiu vo:
Khi c tin hiu t khi thu truyn n, iu ta cn l IC cht s cht tn hiu v
gi qua chn ng ra ca 74374.
Mun IC 74374 thc hin tc ng cht d liu, cn c xung mc cao tc ng
vo chn CLK (11) ca 74374.


lm vic ny , ta cn kt ni cc ng tn hiu vo qua cng OR, a vo
chn CLK. Khi c tn hiu vo , ng thi tn hiu s kch chn CLK cho
php IC74374 cht d liu.
- B ng ngt dng transistor
Khi tn hiu c cht v xut ra ng ra Q ca IC 74374.
Cc tn hiu ny s c dng kch vo b ng ngt cc tip im cho
qut hot ng.
ng thi lc ny tn hiu cng s c ni qua led bo hiu tnh trng
hot ng ca qut, s no ang c chn.

Mi b ng ngt bao gm: Tn hiu t ng ra ca IC 74374 qua tr hn
dng 330ohm sau ni tip vi led bo hiu ri mi kch cho chn B
ca transistor npn C1815.
Khi chn B ca C1815 nhn c tn hiu kch, dng s dn t chn C
xung chn E ca transistor , dn n relay ( chn relay 5V ) c ni vi
chn C s c kch v chuyn trng thi tip im.
T cc chn tip im ca relay, kt ni vi b dy ca qut c d
dng , ta s dng thm linh kin DOMINO 4 chn.. Mt chn ni vi chn
chung ca relay, 3 chn cn li ni vi 3 tip im thng h ca relay.
V. Tm lc hot ng
Tm lc hot ng ca khi pht , khi thu , khi cht v relay:
Khi pht: khi ta nhn mt trong 4 phm thit k, PT 2248 s nhn tn hiu
v m ha tn hiu, sau gi i qua mi trng bng led pht hng ngoi.
Khi thu: Mt thu nhn tn hiu c gi i t khi pht, sau IC PT 2248
gii m v thc thi lnh bng cch to xung mc cao cc chn ng ra .
Khi cht v iu khin relay: Nhn tn hiu t cc chn ng ra ca IC 2248 t
khi thu, cht tn hiu l v a vo cc chn ca transistor kch relay tc
ng.


Nh , cc tip im s ng cc dy ca qut in, lm cho qut hot ng
c theo lnh t bn phm remote.

Kt qu: Ta c th iu khin qut vi 3 cp tc t bn phm thng qua tn
hiu hng ngoi

-------------- ---------o0o------------------------


CHNG 5: MCH IU KHIN V HN GI TT CHO QUT

I. GII THIU V HOT NG CA MCH

C nhiu cch hn gi cho qut, cng nh c nhiu cch kch tt cho qut.
Kch tt cho qut :Nh chng trc bnh by phn hot ng ca mch iu
khin qut. Ta thy, tt qut, ta ch cn kch 1 xung mc cao vo chn tn
hiu D0 ca IC74374 trn phn mch cht. iu ny tng ng vi hot ng
bm nt chn s 0 trn bn phm remote.
ng b vi phn trnh by trc, ta s dng cch ny kch tt
cho qut.
Nh vy, cn c mt thay i nh trong khi mch cht c th hot
ng vi chc nng hn gi, ta s trnh by phn sau.
S khi ca mch hn gi nh sau :


Khi pht s pht tn hiu m ta bm trn remote
Khi thu c nhim v nhn tn hiu v tc ng vo khi cht iu khin qut
.Nu tn hiu l tn hiu hn gi th s c a qua khi logic.
Khi cht s cht tn hiu v kch relay iu khin qut
Khi cng logic v fliplop: trong khi ny bao gm cc loi cng logic v
fliplop dng trong mch.
Lm trung gian khi truyn tn hiu t khi ny qua khi khc m phi qua cng
logic


Khi m : Cc IC m ln v m xung mch c th hn gi.
Khi hin th: Hin th s m t khi m ra led 7 on

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch hn gi:

Khi ta bm nt trn trn remote ( khi pht ) , khi thu s nhn tn hiu v thc
thi lnh m ta yu cu. Trn remote trong mch ny s c 7 phm .
4 phm s 0 1 2 3 iu khin cc cp tc cho qut nh chng trc ta
trnh by. Khi nhn mt trong cc phm ny, mch thu s nhn tn hiu v a
thng qua mch cht iu khin.
3 phm cn li l phm UP, phm SET v phm LAMP:
+ Phm UP : chc nng chn thi gian hn gi, mi ln nhn phm , thi gian
cn hn gi s hin th trn led 7 on trng thi hin th s nhp nhy . Cc
mc chn hn gi l 10, 20 ,30 90 xung ck. ng vi xung ck 1 pht.. ta s c
mch hn gi ti a 90 pht.
+ Phm SET: Sau khi chn thi gian hn gi bng phm UP, led trng thi
nhp nhy v cha c m. Khi chn c mc cn hn gi , nt SET vi
chc nng cho php b m hot ng, ngay khi bm set , thi gian s c tnh
li v hin th trn led 7 on, lc ny led s khng cn nhp nhy na, bo
hiu cho ta bit mch hn gi bt u hot ng. Khi mch m xung n
gi tr 00 hin th trn led. B m s pht ra mt tin hiu tc ng ngc tr li
vo phn khi mch cht thng qua khi logic fliplop ra lnh tc ng chn
s 0 v tt qut.
+ Phm LAMP: phm ny c chc nng kch o trng thi ca mt flipflop nm
trong khi fliplop, ta s s dng ng ra ca fliplop ny lm tn hiu tt v m
mt n ng c gn tch hp trn qut. Khi nhn mt ln n s sng. Nhn
ln na tt n .


I I . KHI PHT
khi pht truyn tn hiu hng ngoi i vi nhiu knh, ta s dng IC
PT2248.
Khi ta nhn mt nt iu khin , IC s pht ra mt xung v gi n khi thu
iu khin .
chng 4, khi pht c 4 nt bm trn remote iu khin 3 cp tc .
V ta cn tch hp thm mch hn gi vo h thng , v th ta cn thm mt 3
nt tn hiu iu khin .
chng ny , ta vn s dng cch tnh ton v s mch nh phn khi pht
trnh by chng 4.. nhng khc ch l ta s thm 3 nt tn hiu iu
khin cho mch hn gi. . ( Vui lng xem li chng 4 )

S mch pht vi 7 knh tn hiu nh sau:


Theo s trn, tng ng cc phm vi tn hiu bn phn thu:

Phm 0 : ( T1-K4) - >HP4
Phm 1 : (T2 K2) -> SP2
Phm 2: (T2 K3) ->SP3
Phm 3: (T2 _ K4) -> SP4
Phm UP: (T2-K1) -> SP1
VSS
1
XT
2
XT\
3
K1
4
K2
5
K3
6
K4
7
K5
8
VCC
16
TXOUT\
15
TEST\
14
CODE
13
T3
12
T2
11
T1
10
K6
9
IC1
PT2248
.
455kHz
C1
120p
C2
120p
D1
DIODE
R1
330
D4
R2
2
C9
47uF
A1015
PNP
Phim 0
Phim 1 Phim 2 Phim 3
UP SET LAMP


Phm SET: (T1-K2) -> HP2
Phm LAMP: (T1-K3) -> HP3
Nh mch trn , ta s dng cc phm lin tc HP4, HP3, HP2 cho phm 0,
phm LAMP v phm SET
Cc phm khng lin tc SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 c s dng cho cc phm UP,
phm s 1, phm s 2 v phm s.
(lu : phm s 1ngha l tc s 1 )

III. KHI THU

Ta s dng s mch nh phn khi thu trong chng 4 trnh by. Nhng
ta s dng thm 3 chn ng ra ca PTY 2249 pht tn hiu iu khin.
( Xin vui lng xem li chng 4 )
Khi khi pht c 7 phm chc nng , v th khi thu ta cn s dng thm 3 chn
ng ra na.


Khi mt thu nhn c tn hiu t b pht, chn s 1 ca mt thu s a tn
hiu n transistor C1815 khuch i tn hiu v o pha. Sau tn hiu
c a vo chn Rxin (2) ca PT2249.
Ty vo tn hiu thu c, mt trong cc chn ng vi cc phm s 0, s 1, s
2 hay s 3 s c kch ln mc cao v sau s v 0 sau 1 khong thi
gian rt ngn do PT2248 quy nh. Ring phm s 0 l phm lin tc, nn nu
ta nhn gi phm phn mch pht, chn HP4 ( 6 ) bn phn mch thu s gi
lun mc 1 cho n khi nh phm ra..

PT2249
NT
VSS
1
RXIN
2
HP1
3
HP2
4
HP3
5
HP4
6
HP5
7
SP5
8
VCC
16
OSC
15
SP4
9
CODE2
14
SP3
10
CODE3
13
SP2
11
SP1
12
R4
39k
1 2 3
MAT THU
CONN-SIL3
C1815
2N3706
R5
39k
R6
10k
C3
100uF
S 0 S' 3 S' 1 S' 2
C1
102
UP SET LAMP


Cc tn hiu tc s 0 , s 1, s 2, s 3 a qua mch cht iu khin .
Cn cc tn hiu cn li UP SET LAMP s c a qua khi logic flipflop
iu khin chc nng hn gi v iu khin 1 n ng trn qut.

IV. KHI CHT D LIU V IU KHIN RELAY

Khi cht d liu c trnh by chng 4, nhng mch hn gi c th
kch tt cho qut, khi cht cn c thm mt ng vo na tn hiu t khi hn
gi c th tc ng vo khi cht tn hiu.
S cn c mt thay i nh khi cht so vi phn trnh by chng 4 :
Ta s dng thm 1 cng logic OR . tn hiu mc tc s 0 s vo mt chn
ng vo ca cng OR, ng vo cn li s kt ni n tn hiu kch tt t mch
hn gi.


Nh vy , ngoi vic nhn cc s chn tc nh 0 1 2 3 iu khin qut,
mch cn c th kch tt qut bng tn hiu vo trn ng vo ca cng OR m ta
va thm vo .. Chc nng ca 2 tn hiu vo 2 ng vo ca cng OR l tng
ng vi nhau, chng dng kch cho mch cht hot ng v ng ra Q0 Q1
Q2 Q3 ca IC cht l 1-0-0-0 v khng relay no ng tip im. Dn n qut
ch tt.
V. KHI TO XUNG
Mch hn gi cn c cc xung cc IC m c th hot ng c V th ta
cn c khi to xung.
D0
3
Q0
2
D1
4
Q1
5
D2
7
Q2
6
D3
8
Q3
9
D4
13
Q4
12
D5
14
Q5
15
D6
17
Q6
16
D7
18
Q7
19
OE
1
CLK
11
74374
74LS374
9
10
8
U12:C
7432
tin hieu 0
tin hieu 1
tin hieu 2
tin hieu 3
1
2
3
OR
7432
tn hiu tu mach hen gio


Khi to xung vi chc nng c bn l to xung CLK cho mch m v xung
nhp nhy cho led 7 on hin th khi ch chn gi hn trc.
Trong mch ny , ta s dng IC LM 555 thit k mch to xung.
Mch to xung c chu k 1 pht to xung m gi cho khi m:
Mch to xung 1 giy to s nhp nhy cho led 7 on khi ch
chn gi hn.
Hai IC 555 s lm cng vic ny, s kt ni ta s dng nh sau:
MCH TO TN HIU XUNG CLK 1 PHT

R
4
DC
7
Q
3
G
N
D
1
V
C
C
8
TR
2
TH
6
CV
5
555CK
555
R1
100k
C1
470uf
VAR
47k
NGO VAO DIEU KHIEN RESET
NGO RA XUNG CLK


Cng thc tnh ton thi gian nh sau:
+ Tn s ca tn hiu u ra l :
f = 1/(ln2.C.(R1 + 2R2))
+ Chu k ca tn hiu u ra : t = 1/f
V th , sau khi tnh ton, ta chn R1= 100k ohm
VAR = 47k ohm. xung c th hot ng ng theo thi gian thc ta dng
VAR l 1 bin tr tinh chnh , c th iu chnh linh hot xung CK khi cn
thit.
mch to xung clock 1 pht , ng ra Q ca IC 555 s a m khi logic
flipflop to xung m cho khi m.
Chn R khng c ni m phi a n khi logicflipflop iu khin ng
ngt xung ClK ny khi cha c s cho php.

MCH TO XUNG NHY ( ~ 1 giy )


Theo nh tnh ton , ta chn
C2 = 100uF
R3 = 2k2 ohm
V R4 = 4k7 ohm.
NH vy xung to ra s c chu k gn c 1 giy, to s nhp nhy cho led 7
on khi ch chn gi.
Xung nhy chn Q ca IC 555 to xung nhy s c a n khi logic
flipflop qua cc cng iu khin v hot ng theo thit k ca mch.
xung nhap nhay
R
4
DC
7
Q
3
G
N
D
1
V
C
C
8
TR
2
TH
6
CV
5
555NHAY
555
R3
2k2
R4
4k7
C2
100uf
NGO RA XUNG NHAP NHAY


Nh vy, khi to xung y s bao gm 2 IC 555 v 3 ng kt ni n khi
logic fliplop . S mch nh sau.:

VI. KHI M HN GI

xung nhap nhay
R
4
DC
7
Q
3
G
N
D
1
V
C
C
8
TR
2
TH
6
CV
5
555CK
555
R1
100k
R
4
DC
7
Q
3
G
N
D
1
V
C
C
8
TR
2
TH
6
CV
5
555NHAY
555
R3
2k2
R4
4k7
1
2
3
JACK555
CONN-SIL3
C1
470uf
C2
100uf
VAR
47k
XUNG 1 PHT
NG VO CHN RESET
XUNG NHY


MCH M LN
c th ci t gi tt my cho qut, ta s dng mt IC 7490 m ln , mi
ln m ln 1 n v, IC 7490 kt ni ch m BCD.
NG vo chn CLK ca IC 7490 c iu khin bi chn ng ra SP1 ca IC
PT2249 trong khi thu. Ng ra SP1 ny s c ko ln mc 1 khi ta bm phm
UP t remote hng ngoi ( khi pht ) .
V th , khi bm phm UP 1 ln th ng ra ca 7490 s tng ln 1 n v.
Chn reset ca 7490 c a qua khi logic fliplop c reset khi cn thit.
D0
15
Q0
3
D1
1
Q1
2
D2
10
Q2
6
D3
9
Q3
7
UP
5
TCU
12
DN
4
TCD
13
PL
11
MR
14
74192A
74192
D0
15
Q0
3
D1
1
Q1
2
D2
10
Q2
6
D3
9
Q3
7
UP
5
TCU
12
DN
4
TCD
13
PL
11
MR
14
74192B
74192
CKA
14
Q0
12
CKB
1
Q1
9
Q2
8
Q3
11
R0(1)
2
R0(2)
3
R9(1)
6
R9(2)
7
7490
7490
ng ra hin thi hng chuc
ng ra hin thi hng don vi
NG ra kch tat khi het gio
tn hiu UP
xung dem
reset 7490
ng ra bo 99


MCH M XUNG
Ta c mch m ln , nhng hn gi c ta phi c mch m xung.
Ta s dng 2 IC 741912 kt ni vi nhau to thnh b m xung.
Cc chn UP v DN ca 74192A kt ni vi cc chn TCU v TCD ca
74192B.
Cc chn LOAD ca 74192 c ni vi nhau v ni vo chn CKA ca 7490.
V th, khi c xung kch cho 7490 m ln ,ng thi lc s c xung kch cho
74192 load gi tr t trc vo . IC 74192A s load gi tr t trc l ng ra
trn 7490 khi 7490 m ln v ng vo t trc ca 74192A c ni vi ng
ra ca 7490. IC74191B s load gi tr 0 v ci chn ng vo t trc ca IC ny
c ni xung GND.
Tn hiu bo 99
Theo thit k ban u, Khi logic fliplop cn nhn bit khi khi m m ti gi
tr 99 c th iu khin mt s tn hiu cho mch v th ta cn ni cc
chn Q0 Q3 ca 74192A v Q0 Q3 ca 74192B tr v khi logic fliplop.

HOT NG KHI M S GI HN ( HT GI )
Khi phn m xung m ti gi tr 00 tc l mch ht gi , ta cn tt thit
b qut,.. lc ny chn TCD ca 74192A s xut ra 1 xung mc thp.
Ta s s dng xung ny kch tt qut.
V ng vo khi mch cht tt qut phi l xung mc cao. V th tn hiu
chn TCD ca 74192A phi thng qua cng NOT trn khi logic flipflop tc
ng vo mch cht , to nn lnh ngt cho mch hn gi khi ht gi.


VII. KHI HIN TH

Khi hin th l khi c chc nng hin th s hin hnh trn IC m xung trn
b m hn gi bng 2 led 7 on.
Khi hin th c hin th bi led anod chung, tn hiu a vo l s BCD trn
cc ng ra ca IC 74192a v 74192B ca b m.
V th hin th c trn led 7 on , ta cn gii m cho cc tn hiu BCD ny
vi s tr gip ca IC gii m led 7 on IC74247

A
7
QA
13
B
1
QB
12
C
2
QC
11
D
6
QD
10
BI/RBO
4
QE
9
RBI
5
QF
15
LT
3
QG
14
74247-A
74247
A
7
QA
13
B
1
QB
12
C
2
QC
11
D
6
QD
10
BI/RBO
4
QE
9
RBI
5
QF
15
LT
3
QG
14
74247-B
74247


IC gii m 74247A s gii m cho ng ra trn IC 74192A , cc ng ra trn
74192A s ni vi ng vo trn 74247A. Cc chn a b c d e f g ca IC gii m
74247A ni vo cc thanh tng ng trn led 7 on. Chn COM ca led 7 on
c ni vi VCC
Tng t , IC gii m 74247B s gii m cho ng ra trn IC 74192B , cc ng ra
trn 74192B s ni vi ng vo trn 74247B. Cc chn a b c d e f g ca IC gii
m 74247B ni vo cc thanh tng ng trn led 7 on. Chn COM ca led 7
on c ni vi VCC
Cc chn RBI v LT ca IC gii m ta khng dng n nn ni xung GND.
LED nhp nhy:
V trong phn thit k, ta c phn to xung nhp nhy cho led 7 on khi ch
chn gi hn. Ta dng chn RBO ca IC 74247 thc hin chc nng ny.
Khi chn RBO tc ng mc 0, IC s cho tt led 7 on. khi RBO mc 1 s
hin s ang c gii m Nh khi c xung nhp nhy chn RBO , hnh
nh ta thu c trn led 7 on s l s ang c gii m v trng thi nhp
nhy
Chn RBO ny s c ni vi nhau ra a vo khi logic fiplop iu khin
chc nng
VIII. KHI LOGIC V FLIPLOP.
Khi logic flipflop l mt mch in cha cc IC cng logic v cc IC Fliplop
cho ton mch thit k . Cc cng logic ny c kt ni vi nhau to thnh cc
ng vo v ng ra vi chc nng xc nh cho mch.
Khi logic fliplop dng lm trung gian cho cc tn hiu truyn i gia cc
khi vi nhau m cn ti s thay i v logic .


V th trn khi logic flipflop c nhiu ng vo v ng ra kt ni n cc khi
cn li
Khi logic flipflop theo thit k c s nh sau:

Nh s trn ta thy khi logic flipflop ch cha nhng cng logic AND, OR,
NOT v flipflop JK c kt ni vi nhau thc hin chc nng ca mch



Nguyn l lm vic
Tn hiu th 1 ( theo cch nh s trn hnh v ) : Tn hiu UP , tn hiu
ny l ng ra ca khi thu ti chn SP1 c a qua khi logic kch
xung m ln cho IC 7490.
V xung SP1 l tc ng cnh ln, m chn CLK ca IC 7490 khi m
li l tc ng cnh xung, v th cn c tn hiu SP1 cn i qua cng
NOT (A)(theo nh du trn hnh v ) trc khi kch cho 7490.
ng thi ca vic tc ng xung m ln, tn hiu ny cn reset cho
Flipflop JK (A) qua cng OR (B) v cng NOT (E). ngha ca vic ny
nhm lin tc xc nh mc reset cho IC to xung clock 555, khng c IC
cp xung cho mch m xung.
Tn hiu vo th 2: Tn hiu SET, tn hiu ny c ni t chn SP2 ca
PT2249 ca khi thu. Tn hiu ny c chc nng set cho flipflop JK (A)
khi gi tr thi gian hn gi c chn xong. Khi gi tr hn gi
c chn ,ng ra cng NOT (C) mc 1 cho php tn hiu SP2 i qua
cng AND (E) , thng qua 1 cng NOT (D ) SET cho Flipflop JK A.
Vic FlipflopJK A c SET, ng ra Q mc 1 c ngha cho a mc
1 vo chn reset ca IC555 cho php IC555 xut tn hiu clock m
xung bt u m hn gi. ng thi, chn Q ca Flipflop JK A cng
c ni qua cng OR (A), to xung mc cao ng ra cng OR (A)
tn hiu ny qua thm cng AND (F) v a mc cao ti chn RBO ca
khi hin th. Kt qu l khi nhn SET, xung Clock c a ti chn DN
ca 74192B m xung v mc cao a vo chn RBO ca 74247
cho led 7 on khng nhp nhy na.
Tn hiu th 3: tc ng khi ht gi. Tn hiu ny c xut pht t khi
m . khi mch hn gi m s thi gian t trc, thi gian trn IC
74192A (m hng chc) v n gi tr 0 th chn TCD ca 74192A tc
ng mt xung cnh xung. xung ny c a tr v cng NOT(B) v
qua cng AND (A) tc ng vo chn ng vo tc 0 trn khi cht
tn hiu. V chn cn li ca cng AND (A) c ni vi chn ng ra Q


ca flipflop JK A, sau khi nhn SET chn Q mc cao nn tn hiu t
ng ra cng NOT ( B) c th i qua cng AND (A).
Tn hiu th 4: Ng ra bo 99. Khi mch m xung khi m v 00 th
c tc ng tt thit b . Sau , mch m vn cn m v m n gi
tr 99. Cc tn hiu mc 1 ca 2 IC 74192 l cc chn Q0 v Q3 s c
ni ngc v 4 ng vo ca cc cng AND (B) v AND(D). Cc ng ra
AND(B) v AND(D) ni vo ng vo ca AND(C). Tn hiu ng ra ca
AND (C) s ch ln mc 1 khi khi m gi tr 99.
Tn hiu AND ng ra ca AND( C ) dng kch cc chc nng sau y:
+ Ni qua cng NOT( C) qua cng AND (E) . ng tn hiu ny c chc
nng khng cho tn hiu SET qua c AND ( E) khi thi gian hn gi
ht v ang gi tr 99.
+ Ni qua cng NOT( C) ri a vo cng AND (F) . ngha: Khi mch
gi tr 99. Mc 0 ng ra cng NOT(C ) s qua cng AND (F) a vo
chn RBO tt LED 7 on hin th.
+ Ni ln tn hiu reset IC m ln 7490.
Tn hiu 5 : Gm c:
+ xung nhp nhy ly t ng ra Q ca IC to xung nhy 555 .
+ xung clock kch cho mch m ly t ng ra ca IC 555 to xung
clock.
+ chn reset ca IC 555 to xung m . a qua khi logic flipflop iu
khin ngt xung clock khi cn thit.
Tn hiu 6: tn hiu iu khin n ng - LAMP. Tn hiu ny ly t chn
HP3 ca IC PT2249 trn khi thu. Tn hiu ny c a vo chn Ck
ca Flipflop JK (B). Ng ra Q ca Flipflop (B) ban u mc 0 s i
trng thi sau mi ln nhn nt. Do tn hiu ny c dng iu
khin tt m n gn trn qut. iu khin c n, ta dng tn hiu
ng ra Q (Flipflop B) ny a vo b ng ngt dng transistor kch
relay iu khin tip im cho n tt v m.



Nh vy: Ta gii thiu xong nguyn l lm vic cc khi ca mch
iu khin v hn gi tt qut...
Kt hp cc khi li vi nhau , ta s c mch in ng dng hon chnh dng
iu khin qut gm 3 cp tc vi chc nng hn gi, ng thi iu
khin mt n ng gn sn trn qut.
Dng c iu khin t xa chnh l khi pht remote vi 7 nt nhn chc nng.
----------------ooOOoo----------------

Sau y l S khi ca ton mch ng dng iu khin qut v hn gi:





Phn kt lun

Kt qu thu c sau khi thc hin l mch chy tt. Khong cch iu khin
c qut dao ng t 10m n 15m, chnh xc cao. Do thi gian thc hin
cn hn hp v qu trnh thc hin em cn phi hc tp v nghin cu mt s
mn khc nn nu c thi gian nhiu hn th em tin rng mnh c th ng dng
vo cc thit b khc trong sinh hot.
Vic thc hin n mn hc ln ln vi ti iu khin t cho qut bng
hng ngoi v chc nng hn gi tuy khng phi l ti mi l nhng i vi
bn thn em cng l mt qu trnh tm ti hc hi v cng c li nhng kin
thc em c hc trng. Nh s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Nguyn
Duy Tho cng nhng thy c trong khoa in in T em mi c th hon
thnh c bi bo co ny.
Trong qu trnh, do cn phi nghin cu nhng mn hc khc v mt phn do
bn thn em cn hn hp v kin thc ln chuyn mn nn bi bo co ny cn
c nhng sai st mong thy b qua cho em. Mt ln na, em cm n thy v
s gip ca cc bn trong lp gip em hon thnh tt n mn hc ln
ny.



MC LC
PHN M U ................................................................................. 1
PHN NI DUNG ............................................................................. 3
CHNG I: S LC V L THUYT THU PHT HNG NGOI
...................................................................................................... 3
I. KHI NIM V NH SNG HNG NGOI ................. 3
II. NGUYN L THU PHT HNG NGOI...................... 3
CHNG 2 : GII THIU CP IC THU PHT PT2248 & PT2249
.................................................................................................... 7
I. IC PHT TN HIU HNG NGOI PT2248
.............................................................................................. 7
II. IC THU TN HIU V GII M TN HIU HNG NGOI
.............................................................................................. 12
CHUNG 3 : S LC V CC LINH KIN KHC TRONG MCH
NG DNG ........................................................................................ 17
I. IC m 74LS90 .................................................................. 17
II. IC m BCD t trc s m 74192................................ 19
III. IC Cht d liu 74374 ......................................................... 21
IV. FlipFlop JK IC 74LS112 ................................................. 22
V. CC IC CNG LOGIC ( AND, OR, NOT ....................... 23
VI. IC to dao ng LM555 .................................................. 25
VII. Mch gii m led 7 on Anod chung IC 74247 ............ 28
VIII. Cc linh kin th ng c bn khc trong mch .............. 29


CHNG 4: MCH NG DNG IU KHIN QUT VI 3 CP TC
....................................................................................................... 38
I. S khi ca mch .......................................................... 38
II. Khi pht ............................................................................ 38
III. Khi thu .............................................................................. 43
IV. Khi cht tin hiu v iu khin relay ............................... 45
V. Tm lc hot ng ............................................................ 47
Chng 5: MCH IU KHIN V HN GI TT CHO QUT
............................................................................................................. 49
I. GII THIU V HOT NG CA MCH ................. 49
II. KHI PHT ........................................................................ 52
III. KHI THU .......................................................................... 54
IV. KHI CHT D LIU V IU KHIN REALY ........ 56
V. KHI TO XUNG.............................................................. 57
VI. KHI M HN GI ....................................................... 61
VII. KHI HIN TH ............................................................... 64
VIII. KHI CC CNG LOGIC V FLIPFLOP ..................... 65
S KHI TON MCH NG DNG ....................... 69

PHN KT LUN
Mc lc
!!

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