IP BASED SURVEILLANCE CCTV SYSTEM

With reference to Visakhapatnam steel plant

Submitted by M.VAMSI KRISHNA S.SRIRAM M.NAGARJUNA K.NAGARAJU

GUIDED BY S.SURYA SANKAR Assistant General Manager Tele communication Department Visakhapatnam steel plant

ABSTRACT
IP BASED CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP:
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in presently using CCTV Systems in various shop floors for industrial applications security and surveillance, public information displays and for monitoring production processes. VSP is also having a strong DATACOM NETWORK. This Network used for recording attendance, processing finance bills and recording production data. Through these systems some ongoing processes at a long distance with some hazards are monitored from the control room. This in the only online visual communication in plant i.e. why CCTV systems are so important in the shop floors. There is also an immediate need at VSP to increase vigil over the movement of people and vehicles near the plant gates in order to maintain discipline and peace. These demands could not be met using conventional CCTV system because of the large distances involved. Wireless CCTV equipment could not be adapted due to presence of large structures in the line of sight. In order to meet the immediate requirement of gate monitoring without much delay and also to meet the growing CCTV demands the present project envisage a solution using the existing cable networks. This project report involves study of both CCTV and cable network, implementation of these CCTV system using LAN networks that are available in the present day and finally coming out with a detailed presentation of the new system using LANs.

ABOUT VSP
Introduction to VSP
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is the only shore based integrated steel plant in our country. The decision to set up an integrated steel plant at Visakhapatnam by the Government of India was taken in the Parliament on 17th April, 1970 and on 20th January, 1971, the then Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi laid the foundation stone fulfilling the long cherished dream of the people of Andhra Pradesh. Visakhapatnam is a fast growing city and a railway junction station in the Eastern Ghats and the coast of Bay of Bengal. It is the district headquarters. Visakhapatnam is the home for several heavy industries in the Public Sector like BHPV, Hindustan Zinc, Hindustan Shipyard, HPCL etc. It also houses establishments like NSTL, Eastern Naval Command, NAD, Visakhapatnam Port Trust, Centre for naval architecture etc. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is located 15 Kms to the South West of the Visakhapatnam Port. It lies between the Northern boundary of the National Highway No. 5 from Madras to Kolkotaa and 7 Kms to the South West of Howrah Madras railway line. i. Coke Oven and Coke Chemicals Plants: Coke oven plant consist of three coke oven batteries of 67 ovens each with useful coke chamber volume of 41.6 cubic meter. Each battery is of 7 meters height. It produces coke in the sizes of 25 to 70 mm which meet the coke requirement of the Blast Furnaces. The annual capacity of the three batteries is 2.261 mt. During production operation the CO gas (carbon monoxide) generated is used in the Coke chemical plants to extract different by products like Benzol, Ammonium Sulphate, Tar products etc. After extracting all the valuable products the remaining gas is used as energy source. ii. Sinter Plant : There are two sinter machines each of 312 sqmt grate area. Here iron ore fines, coke breeze, lime stone, dolomite are mixed together to from the agglomerated mass, called gross sinter which is used in Blast Furnaces as the primary input. The annual production capacity is 5.256 mt.

iii.

Blast Furance (BF): There two Blast Furnaces named GODAVARI and KRISHNA, each of 3200 cubic meter useful volume. Here hot metal is produced from the raw materials like iron ore (Lump), sinter, coke and limestone etc. The annual capacity of this facility is 3.4 mt. From molten hot metal pig iron / steel is produced.

iv.

Steel Melting Shop: There are three nos. of LD converters each of 133 cubic meters with a capacity to produce 3 mt of liquid steel. The production capacity of a plant is its capacity to produce liquid steel. VSP is a 3 mt plant. SMS also has six number of four strand continuous casting machines to produce blooms. 2.82 mt of blooms can be cast annually. In this shop hot metal from BF is received in the mixer, kept for temporary storage and transferred to converter where charging takes place in presence of 99.5% pure oxygen. After Argon rinsing the molten steel is moved from here to the six strand continuous casting machines. Blooms are formed which form the input material for the mills. Blooms are also taken as input to small steel making industries.

v.

Rolling Mills : There are three rolling mill in VSP. Light & Medium merchant mills: It includes the billet mill and bar mill. It has a two strand rolling mill. It produces billets, bars and structures. The annual capacity is 1.857 mts of billets and 7.1 mt of bars & structures.

Wire Rod mill: It is a high speed four strand continuous mill. The mill is designed to produce wire rods in plain rounds and ribbed bars (5.5 to 12.7 mm diameter). The annual capacity of wire rods production is 0.8 mt.

Medium and Merchant mill: This mill produce squares 12 to 65mm, flats 30 to 150mm, channels and angles etc. This mill has an annual capacity of 0.85 mt of bars and structures.

vi.

Thermal Power Plant : The production capacity is 240 MW from the four turbo generators each of 60 mw capacity. There are nos. of turbo blowers each having a capacity of 6067 NM3 / min of cold blast. Power is also generated from BPTS (back pressure turbine station) and GETS (gas expansion turbine station) in VSP in small quantities.

Water needs of the plant are met from the Yeleswaram reservoir specially constructed for the plant along with the 150 km long walled canal and the Kanithi balancing reservoir in VSP township. VSP has a large township with all modern amenities like hospitals, schools, clubs, function halls, shopping centers, parks for children, good roads and protected drinking water. The products manufactured by VSP are pig iron, steel billets, wire rods.

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Introduction to Communication facilities in VSP : In Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, different types of communication systems are being used to meet the internal and external communication needs. These are broadly classified as follow : a. General purpose communication systems. b. Process communication systems c. Monitoring & Signaling Systems. GENERAL PURPOSE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS : The following facilities are provided under category of general purpose communication systems : 3000 lines Electronic Exchange in Plant. 2000 lines Electronic Exchange in Township. 100 lines Electronic Exchange in Visakha Steel General Hospital. 64 lines Electronic exchange in Hill Top House 2500 Lines Electronic Exchange of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) in Project Office is catering to the needs of Plant area and Sectors I to VII in township. Another 2000 Lines Electronic Exchange of Bharat Sanchar Nigam ltd (BSNL) in Township is catering to the needs of Sectors VIII to XI in Township. The 3000 Lines electronic exchange in plant and 2000 lines exchange in township are having the following facilities : Extension (subscriber) to extension call, Auto call back, Hot lines, Music on hold, Reminder Alarm, Automatic line testing facility, Faults man ring back, cal consult facility, Malicious cal tracing facility, 3 party conference Facility and Howler Tone alert etc. All exchanges working in the steel plant are interconnected by means of junction liens and have closed numbering scheme. For communicating with any subscriber of any exchange no

extra digits have to be dialed and only the desired number is to be dialed. The 2000 lines exchange in township is interconnected to the BSNL network. Due to this interconnection all the subscribers of this exchange can receive incoming calls from any part of the world. A few subscribers are provided with facility to contact subscribers connected to the BSNL network and cellular and mobile phones in and around Visakhapatnam. PROCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS : To facilitate coordination, operation & management activities of production, maintenance & service departments, the following process communication systems are provided : a) Dispatcher Communication Systems : Dispatcher communication systems are provided in Raw Materials Handling Plant (RMHP), Coke & Coal Chemicals Department (CCCP), Sinter Plant, Blast Furnace, Steel Melt Shop, Rolling Mills (i.e LMMM, WRM, MMSM), Thermal Power Plant (TPP), Energy Management Department (EMD), Water Management Department (WMD), Production Planning & Monitoring (PPM), Calcining & Refractory Materials Plants (CRMP) and Traffic Department. Initially cordless switch board type manual exchanges of electromechanical version were provided. Since manufacture of such systems and their spares is discontinued in the country, these dispatcher systems are being replaced by Electronic exchanges progressively. Except the ones in CCCP other systems have been replaced. These would also be replaced very soon. Production coordination at plant level being conducted by ED (Works) with all HODs in the morning every day is facilitated with the help of the digital EXCOM system provided in the plant control room.

b) Loudspeaker intercom systems: Loudspeaker intercom systems are working LMMM & WRM. These systems are used for communication between various sections of the same production shop. Communication is made possible using microphones and loudspeakers provided in the subscriber stations. This system is very useful in noisy environment where conventional telephones are ineffective. This system helps to establish communication between any two stations having interconnectivity on selection basis. By using group call facility it is possible to communicate to all the subscribers in the group at a time.

c) Loudspeaker broadcasting system : Loudspeaker broad casting systems are provided in C & CCD, BF,SP and SMS departments. This system is useful to make general announcements to the entire area of working and so can be used to locate operation / maintenance personnel working on the shop floor so as to pass-on important instructions from the control room. The system consists of centralized amplifier rack with amplifies, Desk top gooseneck microphone with press to talk switch and a network of loudspeakers connected to the amplifiers d) Loudspeaker conference communication systems : Loudspeaker conference communication systems is working in CCCP. These systems are provided with both paging and private channel communication facilities. In case of paging a general announcement can be made which is heard on all the stations. In the private mode communication is possible between two selected stations only. Due to its nature these are selectively placed in the shop floor. Here also communication is carried out by means of microphones and loudspeakers provided in the in the subscriber stations. This system is very useful in noisy environment where conventional telephones are not useful. e) Industrial public address system : Industrial Public Address System is working in TPP. It is a combination of loudspeaker broadcasting system and conference communication system. Form the main control room it is possible to make announcements which are heard on the shop floor. From certain locations the communication can also be established through handsets in private mode with the main control room.

f) Hotline Communication systems : To ensure direct telephone communication between closely related critical locations hot lines are provided. By using the hot lines specified locations are connected permanently. Communication is possible only between these two locations. When on subscriber lifts his telephone the other will immediately get a ring and communication can be had without any loss of time. This is useful to pass-on urgent messages. These hot lines are initially provided with direct lines communications systems which are electro mechanical systems. Due to obsolescence electronic systems are now being used for most of the locations. Hot lines are working in CCCP, BF, SMS, LMMM, WRM, MMSM, TPP, PPM, DNW and WMD departments.

g) VHF communication systems : VHF communication systems are used in our plant to establish two way communication between two or more when either or one of them is moving. There are three models working in out plant. They are hand-held units (walkie-talkie), vehicle mounted mobile units and base station units. Walkie-talkies are used by operation and service personnel in almost all of the production shops. Vehicle mounted units are being used by DNW, CISF (fire) and CISF (security). Base station units are used by CISF (fire), CISF (Security), Administration, DNW and largely by CCCP departments. In CCCP these can be seen in pusher cars, charging cars, door extractors, electric locos, lifters and CDCP area. MONITORING AND SIGNALING SYSTEMS: To facilitate monitoring production, maintenance & service activities, the following monitoring and signaling system are provided : Closed Circuit Television Systems (CCTV) : a) Central fire alarm signaling system b) SCADA system c) Shift change Announcement Siren System a) Closed Circuit Television Systems (CCTV): For monitoring critical operation in different production units continuously from the concerned control rooms / pulpits CCTV systems are used in SP, BF, SMS, LMMM, WRM and MMSM departments. CCTV system comprises of CCTV camera with a lens and a CCTV monitor. In some cases a video switcher, a central control console, pan and tilt head and zoom lens are also used. These are interconnected by means of control cables and / or coaxial cables Necessary protection is provided for the CCTV equipment depending on the locations where they are used. b) Central fire alarm signaling system : The central fire alarm system is provided for communicating the exact location of outbreak of fire in any part of the steel plant complex to the central fire station and simultaneous actuation of sirens to alert personnel of the affected plant zone. The system employs manual call pints located all over the plant. c) SCADA system :

To monitor the consumption of energy by various users in the plant SCADA system is provided with supervisory consoles and mimic panels located in the Energy & Telecom Building, 23 Nos Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs) installed in different palnt units and 3 local RTUs for driving the mimic panel in the Energy centre. The RTUs will be collecting the signals from the local instrumentation & electrical systems and transmitting to the master station by means of RTUs. The RTU are connected to the master station by under ground telephone cables. d) Shift change Announcement Siren System : The shift change announcement siren system is provided for ensuring uniform and accurate shift timings programmed in the Master Clock. throughout the plant. This system consist of two (2) nos At the specified time, the signal will be transmitted for quartz crystal controlled master clocks in the Energy & Telecom Centre. The shift timings are energizing the sirens located at strategic points in plant area simultaneously at the preset timing.

THE PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION

A Closed Circuit television (CCTV) system is a television system, which operates on a closed loop basis, unlike the Television at home, which is a public system available to anyone with a suitable receiver, CCTV images are only available to those connected to the closed loop. The main function of the CCTV system is to allow surveillance and remote viewing, typically; from several cameras, back to one location within the same building. Usually, it is a part of an overall integrated package operated by security personnel that includes access control, alarms, intrusion detection and communication. The true scope for+ applications is almost unlimited. Some examples are: o Monitoring traffic on a bridge. o Recording the inside of baking oven to find the cause of problems o A temporary system to carry out traffic survey in a town center. o The well-publicized use at foot ball stadiums, etc. o Hidden in busses to control vandalism. o Production control & Security monitoring a factory. In VSP, there are CCTV systems in the different shop floors like sinter plant, Blast Furnace, Steel Melting Shop and Rolling Mills. Through these systems some of the on-going hazardous processes are being monitored remotely from the control rooms which are in the Vicinity of the production facility. This is the only on line visual communication in the plant. That is the reason why CCTV systems are so important in the shop floors. A traditional CCTV system recording was on video tapes. This was fine for recording what was going on, but it didnt broadcast actual live information, so it wasnt practical for monitoring stores, for instance, from a remote location. It simply provided what happened after the fact. The

picture quality wasnt great and it relied on human reliability as well someone had to remember to change the tapes regularly, etc. For lthe authorized personnel; to view continuous production processes round the clock, IP based CCTV system is very essential. So this project describes IP based CCTV in VSP.

EXISTING CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP:

The simple system Is a camera connected directly to a monitor by a coaxial cable with the power for the camera being provided from the monitor. The camera generally mounted on a fixed platform or movable platform bear to the scene whereas the TV monitor is kept at the control room. There is an empirical cruel issued widely in CCTV system design that in order tyo distinguish a person a monitor, they must be at least 10% of the height of the screen. The camera converts the optical signal into electrical signal (composite video signal) and at the TV end the electrical signal reverts into optical(video) signal. BASIC CCTV SYSTEM

When designing a CCTV or Video communication Network, there are a lot of details to consider: colour or black and white, distance from the camera to the surveyed point, capabilities of camera and lenses, video resolution, video processor type, recording, maintenance and the environment. Now depending upon the environments and area of observations different types of accessories are required in the CCTRV systems. These are mainly Plan and Tilt drive unit, Video Switcher, Video distribution amplifier, Protective housing, cooling jackets etc.

Pan and Tilt drive unit:

Pan and Tilt drive unit; are used for ;remotely controlling the position of cameras so as to enable to view a particular zone of the on going process. Depending upon the capacity of P & T drive it can be light duty, medium duty and heavy duty. In most of VSP SITES medium duty P & T drive is used. The specification of the medium duty P & T drive (Model no V330 APT). o o o o o o o Operating voltage : 24 v AC. Operating load: 15.9 kgs. Angular travel. Pan: 350 degr4ees (max) Tilt: +- 90 degrees(max) Speed:pan:7 degree per sec (max). Tilt : 4 degree per sec (max). In this connection one point to be noted that with the help of limit switches (individual for the P&T), the angular travel can be controlled. These limit switches are adjusted in the site in such a way so that the camera can move up to the desired area of observation. In this connection one more point to be noted that from the control room; with the help of joystick switches mechanisms the directional voltage of AC230v is extended up to the camera end which ;is being either directly or stepping down before connecting with the control drive.`

A four-camera system with video switcher Video switcher:

In a multi camera system video switching facility is employed for the choice of signals to the TV monitor. The switcher can be mechanical, electro-mechanical or fully electronics type. These are of different capacitities. The 8 x 1 video switcher accepts eight different video signals and selects any one at a time. The selected cameras video signal reached to output of video switcher where TV monitor is connected with the coaxial cable. The electronic ;video exchanges are microprocessor based and are user friendly. Video distribution amplifier: The output from a single camera can be displayed on several monitors (either by loop through technique or using a video distribution amplifier). way for all types of noise entry into the video stream The distribution amplifier also compensates for the loss of video due to increased length of cables. But generally it becomes a gate

Equalizing amplifier:
The attenuation of video increases as the cable length increases and this loss is more at higher frequencies due to cable capacitance. Using an equalizing amplifier in the video path can compensate this. So that unit can produce a clear and constant image in the TV monitor despite of relatively long distances.

Protective housing:
In some cases camera are placed in some rigorous environments where temperature, dust, vibration humidity etc, are very much more than the normal. In those areas a protective housing is being used to protect the cameras and other accessories. This protective house is chosen in such a way that the camera, lens, power supply unit etc, can be accommodated in the housing. The front portion of the housing is made of special glass.

Cooling Jacket and Vortex Cooler:

To protect camera from high temperature a special type of camera housing with water cooling jacket is used in the site. For this type of housing one water inlet and one water outlet are there. Apart from the cooling jacket in some high temp, areas (for example: mills female) vortex cooler enclosure cooling systems is also used. Vortex converts compressed air into cool, filtered air without using refrigerants.

Vertex cooler use a vortex tube to convert filtered compressed air into two air streams, one hot and another cold. The cold air is discharged into the enclosure and the hot air is vented to the outside. It requires no electricity for its operation.

Lens:
It is fixed in front of the camera and is used to focus the required object on the photosensitive plate. The specification of CCTV lens contains parameters like format, focal length, iris control, focus control and voltages in case of zoom lenses. The selection of lens mainly depends on the camera size, area of coverage and place of use. Lens can be divided broadly into three types : fixed focal length variable focal length zoom lens.

Fixed focus lens are of two types : Auto iris or manual iris. In the manual iris the aperture of the lens is opened to such an extent so that good contrast picture is available in the TV monitor. This type of lens is used in areas where there is not much variation of light. Fixed focal lenses are available with focal length (2.3 mm to 25 mm). Fixed lenses have a predetermined focal length and manual focus control.

Monofocal / Fixed Lenses

In the auto iris lens the aperture varies with the level of video signal. For the brighter object the video signal is more, so this more video signal reduces the aperture and vice versa. Hence this type of lens is used in those area where there may be a lot of light intensity variation (for example: in the cast house of Blast furnace).

Vari-Focal Lenses: Lenses are available with adjustable zoom for a large range of focal lengths. Unlike a zoom lens, a varifocal lens does not maintain focus when zoomed. The lens at installation is set for optimum field of view.

Varifocal lenses For zoom lens there are three controls namely zooming, focus and iris. These control can be manual or automatic (only iris). For getting the good picture quality these controls are to be operated from the control console. A motorized zoom lens keeps the viewed object in focus while varying the length of the lens.

EMBED Word.Picture.8

ZoomLenses

Multiple Camera System:

The next development was to incorporate the outputs from four cameras into the monitor. These could be set to sequence automatically through the cameras or any camera could be held selectively. There was even microphone built into the camera to carry sound and a speaker into the monitor. The speaker, of course, only put out the sound of ;the selected camera. For production monitoring audio transducers are not used.

The system was, thought, inexpensive to buy and simple to install. It came complete in a box with camera, 16mm lens, bracket, switching monitor and 12 meters of coaxial cable with fitted plugs. An outlet socket for a video recorder was provided, although reviewing could be a little tedious when the cameras had been set to sequence. When more than one camera is required, then a video switcher must be included as shown in the diagram. Using the switcher any camera may be selected to be held on the screen or it can be set to sequence in turn through all the cameras. Usually the time that each camera is shown may be adjusted by a control; knob. In the microprocessor based systems this programmable variably for individual camera and also the location of the camera can be made to appear on the monitor making the job of the supervisor easy. In many applications the area to be covered would need many fixed cameras. The solution to this is to use cameras fixed to a movable platform. This platform can then be controlled from a remote location. The platform may simply rotate in horizontal plane or in vertical plane or ;both, and is generally ;known as a pan, tilt unit. Cameras may be used indoors or outdoors. When used outdoors they will always require a protective housing. For ;indoor use the environment or aesthetic constraints will dictate whether a housing is needed. Systems may contain a combination of both fixed and movable cameras.

Limitations of conventional CCTV systems:

As the analog or conventional CCTV systems have their own uses but they are also have the following limitations. Complex and costly installation Long process to find and Monitoring console has to be in close cameras. No remote viewing capabilities. Very limited ability to integrate with other applications Complex archiving process. Systems required large real estate space. Dedicated system. CCTV installations still require use of expensive hardwar multipluxers, switches and matrix. run coaxial cablestill used for each camera in the proximity to

Use of proprietary hardware and software does not fit the enterprise digital video surveillance requirements of most organizations operating in open environments. review an event. Inability to record and review taped events at the same time. Very limited motion detection ability.

So in order to avoid the above limitations we have to 1. Convert Analog cameras to digital or 2.Use Digital Cameras Conversion of analog cameras to digital:
For the conversion of Analog camera to a Digital one a particular device named as DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER is used.

Digital Video Recorder:

Digital Video Recorders(DVRs) were introduced marking the evolution of the second generation of CCTV. The DVR originated with mechanical-type devices resembling VCRs with functions controlled by on screen displays. The beauty of the mechanical device was that it was something anyone could operate and the function keys were similar to a device they were already familiar with the VCR . So this made i less intimidating. The DVR allowed a video to be recorded in higher resolutions than VCRs and eliminated video tapes, which in turn eradicated the need to physically change the tapes. The second generation DVR Comes in two forms, appliance based DVRs, which are boxes similarity in appearance to VCRs and PC-based DVRs which look like regular computers.

Withbothofthesesystemsthecoretechnologyhasremainedthesame.

The NTSC or PAL video signals from analog cameras are connected to video capture cards inside the DVR APPLIANCE OR PC. The capture cards take the analog signal and digitize it. These digitized images are then compressed by a mathematical algorithm and stored on a hard disk or a multiple disks. The DVR software then allows the user to monitor live cameras, review stored video data ,save images and video clips to disk and connect remotely to the main unit via the network.

NET DVR:
Net DVR-64 uses IP technology to create digitized video streams that, when transferred via a computer network, enable remote control, monitoring and recording of

live video, this means there is no distance limitation to operating cameras and monitoring, recording archiving surveillance video.

SUGGESTED SOLUTION WITH REASONS

The conventional CCTV systems at VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT use equipments that are of analog version. When these equipment are used for applications over long distances apart from the difficulties indicated in the earlier chapter some unwanted signals (noise) are added to the original signal during the process of transmission causing deterioration of picture quality. In order to over come this drawback it is suggested to use digital version equipment. Generally for transmission of digital signals OSI network is used. OSI network is already installed in the plant, for recording attendance, processing finance bills and recording production data and also in the marketing department. In this OSI network optical fiber cables are used. For extending the cameras / extension of monitors no additional cables / long line amplifiers etc are not required if OFCs are used. The proposed system envisages using OFC network for transmission of digital video signals based on LANs. Analog CCD cameras are not directly compatible to the LANs. LANs are compatible with only digital stream of signals. Hence in the proposed system LAN based CCD cameras are being suggested. Along with LAN based camera other accessories required are also to be used in the network. The accessories available in the market are depicted in the typical CCTV network. The digital signal output of the LAN based CCTV camera is transmitted on to the 10 BASE T/100 BASE-TX coaxial cable, because coaxial cable only is compatible to the LAN based CCTV camera. From this cable the data is transferred on to the OFC through media converter. A media converters is used for achieving compatibility between OFC and coaxial cable.

CCTV SUGGESTED SYSTEM

The proposed system would contain black & white and colour cameras connected to colour or B&W monitors of the personal computers over the existing OFC network. By assigning unique IP addresses to these digital devices on the Ethernet it would be possible to control and / or monitor from any authorized location on the network. The digital cameras utilize Super Dynamic function to capture natural images at entryways, near windows, and in other locations with harsh contrasts between light and dark. It automatically stores images in repose to inputs form motion detectors and external sensor alarms and can send images automatically as e-mail attachments. In addition, this colour camera can also control external devices, turning on lighting or starting a surveillance recorder working. Its Day/Night switching function automatically switches to black-and white recording when available light is low. Thus, this single Security camera can deliver 24hour surveillance. The camera is designed for monitoring over a WAN or over the Internet a snap. Its sophisticated surveillance functions make this network security camera of choice for a wide range of settings. Analogue vs Digital ? TAPE CHANGE VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital ) Users are required and relied upon to With the memory box solution no tapes change tapes at regular intervals ever need to be changed. Even with the DLT solution there is a buffer to give leeway fro tape changing While tapes are being changed recording Duplex recording solves this problem, the is not taking place. system is always recording TAPE WEAR VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital ) VHS tapes should be replaced after 10-12 The Data stored on Mitsubishi systems is passes. Tapes used in Time Lapse mode digital, therefore no loss of quality can or searched through frequently will wear occur. out even faster. The quality of recording will diminish even after a few passes. MAINTENANCE VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital )

Units must be maintained on a regular The MEDSS solution eliminates this basis. This level of maintenance is constant need for maintenance. necessary due to the high number of moving parts in a VCR. This involves cleaning / replacing the The only moving parts are the HDD, but heads, replacing gears, even replacing in these have a very high life expectancy. VCR. BREAKDOWN VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital ) Breakdown of VCRs are more liley due Due to the low amount of moving parts in to the number of moving parts. the MEDSS solution the likelihood of a breakdown is grately decreased No one may notice this problem for some The DS system incorporates a Watchdog time. card which continuously monitors the system and alerts the user of a problem. This results in lost recording which is unacceptable. PLAY BACK VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital ) In existing VCRs the recording must be Duplex operation removes this aspect. stopped if the video is to be retrieved. This can be solved by a second VCR Again duplex operation is the answer. resulting in extra cost and is more susceptible to human error. Tape swapping for review is a logistic When using purely HDD storage, no taps challenge when cataloguing tapes. are used. Searching for an incident can be time The searching capabilities of the system consuming. This can lead to incident cut down on review time. This means all review being ignored. incidents be easily reviewed. DEGRADATION OF QUALITY OVER TIME VCR Records (Analgoue) DVR Recorders (Digital ) Due to wear and the quality of the Digital recording eliminates degradation recordings decrease with time and copy quality is close to cloning.

IP BASED SURVELLIANCE CCTV SYSTEM

Introduction:
CCTV records images on videocassettes, so emergency personnel cant view the event live. Therefore, they often dont kbnow an emergency is occurring or jhow serious it is. If they are informed of an emergency these first responders cant understand its circumstances or context through CCTV. They see the event only after viewing the video, which is usually long after its over. In some cases, authorities cant ever view the event. Savvy employees often take the tape with them as they leave the scene. Therefore, a successor suystem is needed one that delivers

secure, real time images of an emergency as well as the flexibility to snow both full-motion and still images. More and more, companies ;are installing internet-based IP surveillance as a far superior alternative to CCTV. This technology offers real-time delivery of video and still images from a crime or emergency scene via LAN or the Inmternet. In the nutshell, IP surveillance requires a cable network and Internet technology to transmit images from analog cameras and/or IP cameras over public networks. These systems allow live streaming video and still image transfer(both one-way and two-way) at an average of 30 frames per second into a standard, easy to use Web browser, so video can be viewed in real time from police cars and other emergency vehicles. IPbased systems deliver a great deal of additional functionality. For instance, they provide motion detection, auto time and data stamps, easy transfer of visuals, and preand post-alarm messaging. Authorized personnel can log on to the system remotely to see whats happening in their offices and businesses. Most users also have discovered that IP surveillance is very affordable, since companies already have many components of the system in place(such as IP network and broadband connectivity). IP-based str4eaming video surveillance lets organizations monitor, prevent and/or respond to emergency situations more effectively and affordably, via the Internet. Thus, the Physical safety of a companys vital human and business assets is far more secure and protected. The diagram below suggests Digital IP CCTV system to be implemented in VSP

IP based CCTV surveillance system configuration

CCD CAMERA OPERATION

A CCD camera uses a small ,rectangular piece of silicon wafer rather than a piece of film to receive incoming light . this is a rectangular special piece of silicon called a charge coupled device(ccd).This silicon wafer is a solid state electronic component ,which has bee micro manufactured and segmented into an array of individual light sensitive cell called photo sites .Each photo site is one element of the whole picture that is formed ,thus it is called a pcture element ,or pixel.The more common CCDs found in cam coders and others commercially used equipment have a pixel array that is few hundred photosites wide(e.g.,500x300,or 320x 200)yielding tens of thousands os pixels.since most CCDs are only about or 1/3 when measured diagonally, each of the many thousands of pixels are only about 10 millionths of a meter(4-ten thousandths of an inch)wide! The photo sites accomplish their task of sensing incoming light through the photoelectric effect ,which is a characterization of the action of certain materials to release an electron when hit a photon of light.The electrons emitted within the ccd are fenced with in the nonconductive boudaries ,so that they remain within the area of the photon strike.as long as light is allowed to impinge on a photo site ,electrons will accumulate in the pixel ,when the source of light is extinguished computer s are used to unload the CCD pixel array sequentially,count the electrons in each pixel,and process the resulting sig data into an image on video monitor or other output media. Finally ,there are two characteristics of CCDs which are factors that must be considered in making a final astronomical image:1)since they are electronic components CCDs are sensitive to heat within the camera as well as light from the object of intrest and 2)the individual photosites in the CCD array may vary significantly in their sensitivity to both heat and light.first this means that the electrons generated by heat rather than ny light need tobe subtracted from the final tally of electrons in each pixel so that a truer image can be rendered. This is calleddark subtraction. Second the variance in electron depth across the CCD array due to inherent differenceamong the pixels needs to be leveled by dividing each pixel value by arrays average pixel value . this is called flat fielding Dark substraction is accomplished by subtracting by a dark frame from the object image (called a light frame ).taking a exposure while the ccd ismaintained in complet e darkness creates the dark frame . this exposure must be the same duration as the light frame and be made with the ccd at the same temperature as during the light frame so that electrons generated during the dark frame replicate the heat generated electrons present in the light frame.

Flat field images are made by taking a picture of an evenly illuminated scene,such as the sky at dusk or the flat gray interior of an observatory dome. The resultant image shows the inherent variances in pixel value across the ccd array due to differencesin photosite sensitivity or to dust specks or vignette in the optical system .Image processing software use mathematical algorithms to divide all pixel values in the flat field image by the arrays average pixel value.The results are then correlated ,pixel-by-pixel,against the array values in the light image to produce a better representation of the object of interest. In the final stage of image production ,the light frame(object image)is adjusted by first having an appropriate dark frame subtracting and then having an appropriate flat field divided into an image.this process is called image calibarationand results in truer noisy image

Benefits of Digital IP CCTV:

Remote access any time, anywhere: We can access real-time video images at time from any computer anywhere, saving time and traveling costs. The video can be stored at remote locations for convenience and/or data backup. Cameras can be viewed and controlled from any point on the network . High resolution: Software based video recording and retrieval. Excellent live video quality. Functionality: Network video programs can be programmed for a wide range of applications. IP-base recording is highly compressed for easier storage and can be transported over a variety of media. Adjustable frame rates. Scalability: Designed to provide plug-and-play simplicity for small installations and flexibility for integration into larger, more Ease of installation: Everything needed to connect and start streaming video is built into the device, which reduces installation time and simplifies network management. Reliability: Several levels of password protection and a tamper-free network appliance design deliver the most reliable operation. Future proof: professional applications. Additional cameras can be added anywhere on the network without additional cabling.

Use of open standard protocols and networks for manufacturers. Standard IP video compression techniques are used. Cost-effective infrastructure: Significantly reduces the cabling and installation costs associated with wide systems. Flexibility: IP-video systems can be implemented without degradation to the overall performance of the IT network-they can be easily fitted to existing LAN/WANs. It can be placed anywhere.We can connect the product to a LAN, DSL, modem, wireless adapter or cell phone. Can easily integrate with existing CCTV systems.

Wide area connectivity: Can be used over large distances compared to the traditional CCTV system. IMPLEMENTATION OF CCTV: In order to implement digital IP CCTV in VSP, the following items are essential: digital IP cameras, Lenses, Net DVRs, Encoders and Decoders, Camera control equipment, Monitors, transmitters and receivers to be added to the network. The design envisages using ordinary cameras as well as day and night cameras for complimenting the efforts of security personnel. SOME IP CAMERAS AND LENSES USED IN CCTV ARE: 7100 SERIES MEGAPIXEL CAMERA: The Cohu 7100 Series is more than just a camera: its a suite of intelligent surveillance tools combined in a multi-megapixel, high resolution CMOS camera. The 7100 Series is essentially a Unix derived computing device combined with a high resolution, progressive scan CMOS sensor and Ethernet interface. The imager has a minimum of 1288 (horizontal) x 1028 (vertical) pixels. The Ethernet interface is 10/100B ase-T.

Specifications:
Camera Format: model dependent, from 1280x1024 to 2048x1536 Input Voltage: 24 Vac (interior model) or 115 Vac (model dependent) Exterior Housing: Sealed and pressurized barrel style, IP67 rated Temperature (Operating): 40C to 60C (no heaters are used) By providing computing power on board the camera, virtually every task that the camera is required to perform is accomplished without external computers or programs. The JPEG image compression can be configured for low-bandwidth networks and maximum bandwidth efficiency while still providing high quality video. On-board features include onchip digital image manipulation, user-defined motion detection windows, alarm input/outputs, and built-in web page viewer. So, this camera can be used at BF, SMS, CCD, Rolling Mills, LMMM, WRM, MMSM departments, etc.

The chart below was used to identify the camera option that matches the project requirements for image sizes, down sampling, and quality. Camera Option 301 302 303 601 602 603 Resolution image size) 1280 H x 1024 V 1600 H x 1200 V 2048 H x 1536 V 1280 H x 1024 V 1600 H x 1200 V 2048 H x 1536 V (Max. Frame Rate at 704 Hx 480V resolution 6 ips 6 ips 6 ips 100+ ips 100+ ips 100+ ips

LENSES:

1) CS MOUNT MANUAL IRIS LENS:

Specifications: 2.8mm manual iris Super wide angle lens CS mount lens F1.4/angle: 95 degrees

2) AUTO-IRIS VARI-FOCAL LENS:

Specifications: 1/3" image format 6-15mm vari-focal lens Auto iris (DC) F1.4 CS mount Angle of view:48.1-18.6 degrees 56 x 42 x 48mm

COMPUTER VIDEO LENS:

Computer video lenses include megapixel, telecentric, macro, zoom lenses. They are ideal for machine vision applications. They provide the flexibility to get the

precise angle of view for image processing, automated inspection, gauging and other factory automations. These lenses are to be used in BF,SMS, Sinter Plant, etc. These can be used in Instrumentation Department and this helps in monitoring and controlling the process so that product quality is improved, yield is maximized, energy consumption is optimal and safety of the plant is ensured.

POWER OVER ETHERNET:

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a revolutionary technology that integrates data, voice and power over standard LAN infrastructure. It is the means to supply reliable, uninterrupted power to IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, network cameras and other Ethernet devices, using existing, commonly used cable infrastructure. Power over Ethernet technology saves time and cost of installing separate power cabling, AC outlets and wall warts, as well as

eliminates the need for a dedicated UPS for individual devices. The power delivered over the infrastructure is automatically activated when a compatible terminal is identified, and then blocked to legacy devices that are not compatible. The PoE technology is to be designed in a way that does not degrade the network data communication performance or decrease the network reach.

The Endspan PoE enabled Ethernet switch. Power is supplied from the data ports. The Midspan A patch-panel like device, residing

directly between an

ordinary Ethernet switch and the terminals, often referred to as midspan. Power is added on the spare wires, with data uninterrupted.

Benefits of PoE: Simple means for resetting IP cameras. IP cameras, as complex devices, may need to be reset from time to time. By using PoE, resetting becomes a trivial matter, enabling reset via the cameras respective PoE port. Easy changes to camera positions as needed. Altering a camera position, no longer requires new AC installation. It is even possible to experiment the camera position to achieve the ultimate camera results. UPS back up for the security network. By backing up of the PoE midspan in the communication room, the entire camera network can continue operation during a power outage. Assured safety with advanced line terminal detection. Line detection laptops, desktops and other non-power ready devices, due to a misplaced connection. A faulty camera or an access control terminal can be detected and shut down preventing damage to expensive switches and patch panels in the Ethernet network. The detection is one of the reasons the power over LAN midspan is much more than an intelligent power source. The Ethernet lines run from the network switch, sometimes through a patch panel, out of the communication room and connect to the digital cameras and analog to video gateways (see below figure). Adding PoE cables the cameras to be powered through the same cabling infrastructure, providing the most cost effective solution. When the switch is already installed, the simplest means to add PoE is by adding a dedicated PoE midspan. is the technology, which enables safe installation without worrying at high voltage damages to

CCTV CAMERA
IP speed dome Day and Night colour camera :
1. Sensor 1/6 CCD type Super HAD 2. Type IP Speed Dome colour camera with accessories, PTZ motor and vandal proof enclosure of IP 65 rating. 3. Interface- TCP/IP , 10/100 Base T RJ 45 Ethernet ports dual for LAN/WAN 4. Compression format MPEG4 Hardware compression 5. Protocol supported FTP, SNMP, TCP/IP, HTTP, ARP, DDNS, DHCP, RPT/RTCP, IGMP 6. QOS enabled Layer 2, Layer 3 7. Sensitivity Day & Night vision Min 0.08 Lux at F = 1.4 night 8. Day & Night switch over Auto with ICR Technology 9. Control Remote PAN / TILT / Zoom using TCP/IP command set 10. Panning : 340O, Tilting : 90O range 11. Zooming Optical 25X 12. Zooming Digital -12X 13. Shutter On/Off (Max. ) 14. Focal length 1.4 to 73.8 mm 15. Motion Detection to be provided with multiple sensitivity windows 16. Effective Pixels 800 K for PAL system 17. Min. Lumination Normal mode : 3 Lux F= 1.4, 1/50 sec, Night mode : 0.08 lux F = 1.4, 1/3 sec., Slow shutter mode : 0.2 lux, F : 1.4, 1/3 sec., 18. Presets - 64 points 19. Image Frame Rate 25 fps at 720 x 576 resolution (PAL) 20. Output 2x RJ45 (LAN/WAN) 21. Serial Port 1 x RJ45 port RS485 FOR PTZ CONTROL 22. Video output 1 x composite BNC 75 Ohms 23. Operating temperature 0 to 50 degree C 24. Client software supported Win 2000, win XP 25. Power supply Input 230 V AC with a suitable adapter

26. Web Browser support Internet Explorer, Netscape navigator 27. Security User authorization needed for protecting camera access a. 28) Accessories- Vandal proof enclosure, AC power adapter, AC power cable, camera software in CD, user manual, RJ 45 UTP cable / cord (2 meters), one spike buster with 3 pin 5 Amps individual switch and sockets to be accommodated inside vandal proof enclosure, suitable brackets and other hardware for pole / roof / structure / wall mount facility as required at site. Light guide Interconnect Unit (LIU): 1. Shall be made of standard powder coated metal construction and suitable for wall mounting or 19 switch rack mounting as required. 2. Shall have provision for fiber cables entry, fiber reeling spools for maintaining minimum bending radius, and suitable arrangement of dressing & physical protection of fiber cores. 3. Shall have management rings within the system to accommodate excess fiber cordage behind the through adapters and maintain min. bending radius. 4. Shall have built-in label facility, an open-able top cover . front two doors, mounting aid, adapter rails and other mounting hardware, etc. 5. Shall be suitable for terminating 12 numbers of fiber cores (with pigtail arrangements for SC/MTRJ connectors as required ) and all the slots are to be loaded with SC adapters / couplers of multi-mode & dust covers as required. 6. Shall be of 1 U height for rack mount or 300 x 300 x 80 mm box type for wall mount respectively. 7. Shall have a fiber splice tray for accommodating incoming fusion spliced fiber cores to pig tails.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS :
Network Attached Storage : Shall have the following parameters : 1. Processor system CPU Intel Pentium 4 processor min 3.06 GHz 2. FSB 533/400 MHz 3. Memory 3 GB ECC DDR 266/200 SDRAM memory in 3 DIMM sockets 4. Storage capacity Minimum 1000 GB (1 Teri byte = 250 GB x 4) expandable to 5000 GB with same make expansion storage device 5. Type of drive - IDE 6. Storage Hard disk drive bay X 4

7. HDD Hot swappable 8. Mounting 1 U height, 19 Rack mountable. 9. I/O Interface Serial ATA, SCSI 10. Interface 10/100/1000 RJ 45 Ethernet port X 2 11. PCI slots 2 nos. 64 bit 12. Serial Port 1 no. Com port 13. Protocol TCP / IP a. Operating Systems supported Windows 2000, windows XP or windows storage server 2003. 14. RAID configuration RAID 5 15. Authentication Watermarking 16. Search Time, Date, Event 17. Recording Camera name assignment 18. Activation Continuous, Scheduled, Alarm triggered 19. Capacity Capable of recording 100 cameras simultaneously. 20. Recording Format - MPEG 4 21. Recording speed up to 30 fps per camera 22. Power supply 230 V AC with suitable adapter 23. Operating temperature - 0 to 40 degree C a. Accessories Suitable 6U, 19 rack as per spec., NAS software in CDs user manual, RJ 45 UTP cable / cord (2 meters), AC pow4er cable

SOFTWARE:
1. Support IP video surveillance with corporate feature set 2. Control up to 64 cameras per server 3. Scalability Easily scalable for future expansions 4. Compatibility IP video products like MJPEG, MPEG4, etc., 5. Remote access for surveillance system from any place and time 6. Architecture LAN technology 7. Support To support simultaneous viewing of 16 camera images on the desk top PCs connected in the LAN. 8. Recording technology high speed database holding JPEG images, MPEG4 steams 9. Audio recording - Multi channel with instant playback

10. Monitoring Dual, triple computer monitor viewing with hotspot window 11. Searching Instantly based on date / time and activity / alarm (Video motion detection) 12. Evidence To be generated as a printed report as a JPEG image or as an AVI film with date and time 13. PTZ control Pan / Tilt / Zoom preset position up to 25 positions per camera, IPIX technology, remote PTZ camera control, VMD sensitive PTZ patrolling 14. Motion detection Built-in, real time, fully adjustable Video Motion Detection, can speed up number of frames when motion is detected or an event occurs. 15. Administration & Integration Hourly to daily database archiving options, multi threaded 32-bit programming technology, DNS support 16. Remote client 16 user license, remote viewing of live video from 1-16 cameras simultaneously, browse and play back recorded images from 1 -16 cameras from same or different servers simultaneously, advanced user profiles via he camera to user assignment function, support for importing static maps of locations, view or playback camera images from multiple servers simultaneously, control your PTZ cameras remotely, view alarm summaries remotely SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION UNIT : 1. Technology Centrino mobile technology 2. CPU* Intel Pentium 4 processor with HT, 2.8 GHZ or more 3. Monitor 17 colour monitor 4. Chipset 865 GV or latest 5. Video memory Intel extreme graphics 2 with up to 64 MB shared 6. Key board Windows / internet Key board 7. RAM one GB expandable up to 2 GB 8. Hard Disk -80 GB HDD (Four equal partitioned ) with 7200 rpm minimum 9. Floppy drive 3.5 FDD 10. CD ROM drive 48x /32x/48x/16x CD-RW/DVD-ROM combo drive 11. Modem 56 KBPS internal modem 12. Network care - 10/ 100/1000 Mbps Ethernet card 13. Wireless LAN card- PCMCIA type IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless LAN card 14. Video card AGP with minimum 1024 x 768 resolution 15. Mouse Optical wheel mouse with mouse pad

16. I/O ports one serial, one parallel port or USB to serial converter, six USB 2.0 ports (two ports on front side), one type 2 PCMCIA port, integrated secure digital (SD) flash media slot 17. Spike buster-one no. 230 V Ac, 3/5 pin, 5 Amps, 5 universal sockets spike-buster with individual switches 18. Anti-glare screen To be provided for monitor 19. Memory stick one no.1 GB detachable Thumb drive and USB cable extender 20. Audio card Integrated audio with line in, line out, microphone ports 21. Power supply 230 V AC working system 22. Operating System Windows 2003 Server licensed version preloaded and media CD to be provided and shall support IP cameras, NAS, Enterprise software for viewing and control 23. Other softwares MS office 2003 home edition, Norton / Mc Affe anti-Virus 2004 or latest, other related software for IP speed dome cameras, switches, management software, G.SHDSL modem software, NAS software, etc., in CD medium. 24. Other accessories Dust covers, ten nos. CD-RW, Cat 6 RJ 45 UTP patch cord ( 2 meters) NETWORK SWITCH : 1. RJ 45 ports 4 nos. of auto negotiating 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 ports. 2. Fiber ports One No. of up linking 100 base Fx port including transceivers suitable for connecting to the core / workgroup switch. 3. OSI layer Layer 2 functionalities. 4. Status indicators required for all ports mounting arrangements. 6. Console port F or switch configuration and management. Console cable has to be supplied 7. Fiber patch cords Two nos. 62.5 / 125 microns MMF fiber patch cords ( 2 meters) suitable for up linking ports are to be supplied with required connectors and as per specification. 8. UTP patch cords- four nos. of Cat 6 UTP patch cords (2 meters) with factory crimped RJ 45 connecters and as per specification shall be supplied. 9. Power supply Operation on 180-240 V AC of 50 Hz. 10. Standards and features RMON, SNMP, VLAN, UDP, ICMP, TELNET, TCP/IP etc. 11. Software Latest version of software released for that model by the manufacturer. 12. Warranty Covered under warranty for three years from switch manufacturer. 5. Mounting facility Suitable for m mounting in 19 switch rack of 4 U heights with

13. Accessories One 4 U height, 19 rack as per specification. G.SHDSL (Symmetric High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line) Modem 1. Type G.SHDSL bride / router (LAN extender) 2. LAN: Interface- RJ 45, Ethernet 10 base T, 100 base Tx, Data rate 10/100 Mbps, Full / Half-Duplex 3. Console port RS 232 4. LED indicator : General PWR, WAN-LNK, ACT, LAN LNK/ACT, 100 M 5. Routing IP , RIPv1 / RIPv2, Static, NAT, DHCP server, DNS relay and caching 6. Bridging IEEE802.1D transparent learning bridge 7. Configuration -Console (RS 232), Telnet, Web (HTTP), Password control 8. Network management SNMPv1/SNMPv2 agent, MIB II 9. ATM : Up to 8 PVCs, UBR / CBR traffic shaping, AAL5, OAMF5 loop back, ATM Forum UNI 4.0. PP PPP over Ethernet, ATM, User authentication with PAP/CHAP/MS-CHAP 10. EMC/EMI-FCC, CE compliant Distance support Maximum upto 6.7 kms on 26 AWG copper pair and 2.3 Mbps at 3.2 kms full duplex transfer rate. Application ISP solutions, SME, SOHO users, IP telephony, Web hosting 11. Power source 230 V Ac with suitable adapter 12. Accessories- One no. Cat 6 RJ 45 UTP patch cord (2 meters), RJ 11 line cord, Modem software in CDs, mounting stand if any, etc., In order to implement digital CCTV we have to use the above specifications. At present analog cameras are in use hence DVR based LAN based CCTV system was suggested. For new installation where LAN based cameras are used they can be integrated into the LAN using the following equipment. At present above equipment are new to the market and are relatively costly, in future as and when they become popular it is recommended to use them due to their technical supremacy over DVR systems.

DESIGN OF IP BASED CCTV SYSTEM IN VSP

NETWORK OF VSP
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) presently is having IBM 3090 catering the need of various computer application running on it, for the entire plant. This mainframe computer system is associated with its SNA network for catering the needs of mainframe connection to various units of plant. As this system is old and outdated the entire Mainframe system is being replaced with new computer system of open standard (i.e. client server system).

Below we discussed about the Client Server Technology

The total plant is divided into three zones .Each zone is provided with a zonal server connected to central system at computer center.One typical system located at sms is given below.similiar systems are available for CCCDand its peripherals and also one more system for rest of the plant including BC gate and PP gate. The envisaged IP based system is linked to this third zonal server. Features of datacom network The network is fiber optic and its faster with PIV PCs as user nodes. All the applications are GUI with oracle 8i at the bancked and forms 6i /Reports 6i as front end. All the screens are user friendly and information will be available at the click of mouse. The central switch will be supported by 100/100 Mbps zonal switches and inturn will be supported by 10/100 Mbps zonal distribution switches,catering to user node.

COMPARISON
Present Network ---------------------------Types of terminals AT ASCII Terminal AP-ASCII Printer TE-IBM Terminal IP-IBM Printer PC-PC terminal Speed 9.6 Kbps User Interface CUI No. of connection 434 (working) PC terminals only Minimum configuration Pentium processor 64 MB RAM 4-40 GB Hard Disk Speed 10 Mbps User Interface GUI No. of connection 434 (working) 222 (free) New Network ------------------------

Features of New Computer System and Datacom Network New network is fiber optic and it will be faster than existing network by hundred times at the user end. All user nodes will be Pentium PCs All the existing applications will be converted from character based to graphical based user interface, with Oracle-8i at the backend and forms 6i/Reprots 6i as the front end. All the screens will be more user friendly and information will be available at the click of the mouse. New IBM RS/6000 servers were already installed on 1st Aug 2001. The central switch will be supported by 100/100 Mbps zonal switches and in turns will be supported by 10/100 Mbps zonal distribution switches, catering to the user nodes.

NEED FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS:

The existing system at converter shop of SMS is facing problems due to the environmental conditions. The coaxial cables are getting burnt frequently due to various accidents that are taking place on the shop floor. The system was restored several times by rerouting the system cables. Even then cables were getting burnt at newer locations. To overcome such problems wireless CCTV system can be implemented. Hot metal is produced in Blast Furnaces, which are tall vertical furnaces. In SMS, heat is generated by exothermic reactions of oxidation of metalloids and temperatures rises to 1700 degree C enabling refining and slag formation. In Coke Ovens, carbonization takes place at 1000 1500 degree C in absence of air for 16-18 hours. Such high temperatures may damage the cables. During the extension of the plant, offices are set up at remote location and work is carried out over there. Carrying some processes could not be procrastinated until the constructiuon of roads and laying of cables is complete.

In these cases, wireless CCTV system plays a major role in providing on line visual communication in the plant.

WIRELESS CCTV SYSTEM

A good CCTV system design should consider the best plan for existing systems as well as new construction. Wireless systems use battery-powered radio transmitters and

receivers to connect various components such as cameras, sensors, area motion detectors, sirens, central controllers, smoke/fire detectors and video displays.

The basic advantages of wireless systems are:

Wireless systems are easy to installThey avoid the expensive and time-consuming task of installing new wires in the walls of existing industry. Wireless systems enable we to take the components with you when moving to a new location. Wireless sensors are designed to transmit a unique identification code to a controllerThe controller learns the identity of each sensor and links it to an appropriate zone. Each sensor also transmits status information such as battery voltage, condition of the sensor switch, and other diagnostic messages. Some homeowner-installed wireless security systems can be set up to record a voice message and to call programmed numbers in the event of an alarmThis saves the cost of a professional monitoring service. Wireless sensors, motion detectors, and video cameras can often be installed in locations that are not accessible for wired equipment.

WIRELESS CCTV CAMERAS

B/W MINI WIRELESS CAMERA (2.4 GHz)(ECL-374WRLS):

Key Specifications:420 lines 0.1 Lux 3.6mm pinhole lens Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz Output power : 100mW Range : 500FT l.o.s. Impedance : 50 ohms Power : 12 VDC Current : 220 ma

2)WIRELESS

COLOR PIR SENSOR CAMERA (2.4 GHz)

Key Specifications:
Non-working sensor 380 lines 2 Lux 3.6mm wide angle lens Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz Output power : 100mW Range : 500FT l.o.s. Power : 12 VDC Current : 220 ma Dimensions:110(L) X 70(W) X 50(D)mm

3) WIRELESS COLOR SMOKE DETECTOR CAMERA (2.4 GHz):

Key Specifications:Non-working sensor 380 lines 2 Lux 3.6mm wide angle lens Channel 1 : 2413MHz Channel 2 : 2432MHz Channel 3 : 2451MHz Channel 4 : 2470MHz Output power : 100mW Range : 500FT l.o.s. Power : 12 VDC Current : 220 ma Dimensions:110(L) X 70(W) X 50(D)mm

TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS: 1) RCA420A+220CHWAS CCTV RECEIVERS AND TRANSMITTERS WITH 380-TV-LINE RESOLUTIO

Key Specifications/Special Features: Transmission and receiving frequency: CH1: 2,414MHz, CH2: 2,432MHz, CH3: 2,450MHz, CH4: 2,468MHz Working temperature: 0 to 50 degree transmission power: 20mW

image sensor: 1/4-inch Sharp CCD Valid distance: 100 meters horizontal definition: 380 TV lines size: 46 x 42 x 60mm Frequency system: PAL/NTSC power adapter: (220C) 12V or 500mA Remote distance: 6 - 8 meters Weight: 115g

2) RC810A+812CWAS CCTV RECEIVER WITH 500MW TRANSMISSION POWER Key Specifications/Special Features: Transmission/receiving frequency: CH1: 2, 414MHz CH2: 2, 432MHz CH3: 2, 450MHz CH4: 2, 468MHz Transmission power: 500mW Valid distance: 500meters horizontal Frequency system: PAL/NTSC Horizontal definition: 320 lines Size: 68 x 52 x 100mm Weight: 245g Validity pixel: PAL: 628 x 582/NTSC: 510 x 492 PAL: 512 x 582/NTSC: 512 x 492 Power adapter: RC810A: DC 6V/2A 812C: DC 12V/500mA

3) RF DIGITAL TRANSMITTER RFD28005 418 MHz, 5 Button (5 function) Key Chain Transmitter (KEY FOB). To be used with RFD28004 Five output receiver/decoder.

Description: When this Key Chain Transmitter is used with the 28004 receiver/decoder, we can send and receive up to 5 remote control commands, up to a 75 foot line of sight range. The transmitter is ready to use, it is shipped with the CR2032 battery installed. The receiver is a 7 pin module that plugs into your Parallax Board or any solderless bread board. The transmitter has 5 buttons, the receiver has 5 outputs. While any of the 5 buttons on the transmitter are pressed, the corresponding output goes high for the same duration of time.

1, 2, 3, and 4 button versions of of the Key Chain Transmitter are also available. They are all the same price as the 5 button Key Chain Transmitter.

4) LLT401T/R SOLUTION FOR TRANSMITTING CCTV VIDEO VIA UTP Key Specifications/Special Features Spec.: 4ch Video: Frequency response: DC-6MHz Common-mode/differential-mode rejection: 15kHz-6MHz 60dB typ. Impedance: BNC coax: 75 ohm UTP/connector: 100 ohm or RJ-45 100 ohm Control: Receiver: 4 rang distance at option; adjustable brightness and sharpness Transmitter: adjustable gain Environment: Temperature: 0 - +50 deg. C Humidity: 0-95%

Wire type: Spec.: 24AWG UTP CAT-5 Impedance: 100 ohm +/- 20% DC loop resistance: 18 ohm/100M Differential capacitance: 62pf/M (max.) Power:DC 12V < 180mA Surge suppression: 6000V 1.2 us x 50 us Dimensions: 180 x 70 x 25mm Weight: 400g

5) SINGLE CHANNEL RECEIVER (2.4 GHz) Key Specifications/Special Features:2.4GHz audio/video trans. 4 channel (Selectable): 2413,2432,2451,2470MHz Video input: 1 Vp-p composite Audio input: 2 Vp-p (max) 12VDC/240mA 115 x 80 x 20mm

6) SWITCHER RECEIVER (2.4 GHz) Key Specifications/Special Features:2.4GHz switcher reciever 4 channel (Switching): 2413,2432,2451,2470MHz Video input: 1 Vp-p composite Audio input: 2 Vp-p (max)

12VDC/350mA 190 x 134 x 33m Conclusion:Iron and Steel play a significant role in the growth of the economy of the country and in every manufacturing sector they are the most essential elements that are required. Out of all steel industries present in India, Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) itself is one that proved to be one of the best developing organization. This project helped us to know the existing CCTV SYSTEM in VSP. In order to overcome the constraints of existing, traditional CCTV system and to meet the immediate requirements of gate monitoring and production process monitoring in VSP, this project envisaged a solution using existing cable network.

Going digital, we can have crisp, quality images that can be stored on a hard disk at remote locations for convenience and/or security purposes. With the implementation of this project in VSP, visual access is ensured to critical points along the production line. We can discover and avoid potentially dangerous incidents at an early stage. It saves money by preventing costly production jams. It also enables to observe the physical conditions of remote equipment to prevent potentially costly malfunctions. It not only keeps project management informed about the real time status at a construction site but also suggests for the optimization of a LAN based security network with Power Over Ethernet(POE). The advanced features of the POE midspans vastly simplify the ongoing maintenance of the security network, enabling reliable, continuous operation with minimum downtime. One thing that we noticed in this study is the level of input given by the employees at this work place. Every employee takes his job as a challenge and performs for the betterment of the organization. The role played by CCTV system in this organization is highly appreciable.

IP-based streaming video surveillance lets organization of VSP monitor, prevent and/or respond to situations more effectively and affordably. Thus, the physical safety of workers and organization assets are far more protected.