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Lec24
Lec24
Inequalities Generalized Minkowski inequality. Let Rn = R Rm and z = (x, y) Rn . If Rn C is measurable, then |f (x, y)|p dx : Rm R = fy Lp (R ) : Rm R
R
We could replace by X, Y nite measure space and Y = {p1 , . . . , pn }, dy the counting measure and get old Minkowskis. Proof. We have
|F (x)|
Rm
so without loss of generality, assume f theorem applies; so now let p > 1. Dene g : R Rm R0 by 1/p f (x, y) fy Lp (R ) g(x, y) = 0
Then, for each y,
Date: December 9, 2003.
1
if 0 < fy p < ; if fy p = 0; if fy p = .
gy Lp (R ) = fy 1/p . p Then
F (x) =
Rm
f (x, y) dy
1/p g(x, y) fy p dy
Rm
gx Lp (Rm ) fy p dy
1/p
p/p
gx p p (Rm ) L
Thus,
F (x)Lp (R ) and so
f (x, y) dy
m
p
R Rm
fy Lp (R ) dy
Rm
fy Lp (R ) dy.
L (R )
=
Rn
|f (y)|
Rn
|g(x y)| dx
1/p dy
=
Rn
|
(y)| gp dy
f
= f 1 gp .
Distribution functions. Suppose f : X [0, ] and let {f > t} = (x | f (x) > t}. Theorem 0.1.
and f d =
X 0
{f > t} dt
f d = p
0
{f > t}tp1 dt
Proof. We have
|f | dx =
Rn Rn 0
|f (x)|
dt dx
= R =
R Rn
n
Then
Rn
|f | dx =
=
0
=p
0
letting s = t1/p , so sp = t and dt = psp1 ds. Marcinkiewicz interpolation. Recall the maximal function 1 |f (y)| dy. M f (x) = sup 0<r< (B(x, r)) B(x,r)
Note if f L , then M f f . Thus, M maps L into itself: M : L L . On the other hand, by HardyLittlewood, if f L1 , then
(0.1) {M f > t} 3n
f 1 , t
and M maps L1 to weak L1 . Using a method called Marcinkiewicz interpolation, we prove the following. Theorem 0.2. Let 1 < p < and f Lp . Then M f Lp , and (0.2) M f p C(n, p) f p ,
where C(n, p) is bounded as p and C(n, p) as p 1. Proof. Observe that M f = M |f |, so assume f 0. Choose a constant 0 < c < 1 (we will choose the best c later). For t (0, ), write f = gt + ht , where f (x) f (x) > ct; gt (x) = 0 f (x) ct. So, 0 ht (x) ct for every x, and thus ht L . We have M f M gt + M ht M gt + ct from (0.2). Thus, M f ct M gt , o if M f (x) > t, then (1 c)t M gt (x). Let Et = {f > ct}. Then {M f > t} {M gt > (1 c)t} 3n gt 1 from (0.1) (1 c)t 3n = f dx. (1 c)t Et
Thus,
Rn
(M f ) dx = p