. Applications of Titanium aluminides.

Aerospace industry Turbine engine components : discs, blades, valves & spacer rings Contenders for use in structure of hypersonic transatmospheric aircraft Motor car engines such as cast turbocharger rotors Cost reduction can be achieved Automotive engine valves. Etc

Titanium Aluminides: Types 1. Ti3Al (2) 2. TiAl () 3. TiAl3() Properties of these aluminides are Improved levels of stiffness, Higher values of elastic modulus than normal Ti alloys. Resistance to oxidation with increase in %age of Al. Enhanced creep resistance (strong bonding between two atoms at elevated temp.)

These alloys have limited capacity to undergo slip results in low values of ambient temp ductility due to presence of impurity elements such as Oxygen & hydrogen. Formability at elevated temp is also restricted. It is these problem that have delayed the introduction of these elements.

METAL CERAMIC INTERFACE Metal

A metal (from Greek "" mtallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is an element, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. Metals are usually malleable and shiny, that is they reflect most of incident light. Ceramics

Ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous (e.g., a glass). Because most common ceramics are crystalline, the definition of ceramic is often restricted to inorganic crystalline materials, as opposed to the no crystalline glasses. Interface

A boundary across which two independent systems meet and act on or communicate with each other.

History A qualitative picture of metalceramic bonding has emerged over the last forty years Various approaches have developed in the field of metal ceramic interface which led to the development of simple tight-binding adhesives giving qualitative insight into the nature of the states at the interface Thermodynamic aspects An important fundamental quantity which controls the mechanical strength of a metalceramic interface is the ideal work of separation Wsep, the reversible work needed to separate the interface into two free surfaces. Other factors are important in any practical attempt to predict the strength of an interface, such as the plastic and elastic properties of the materials, the geometry of the loading, the presence and size of flaws and of residual internal strains. But thermodynamic aspect of Wsep depends on the mechanical properties The experiment by which Wsep can be calculated is known as cleavage experiment. The energy needed in a cleavage experiment will always exceed Wsep, the greater Wsep, the greater the energy needed to cleave the interface. In terms of the surface and interfacial excess free energies of the materials, the ideal work of separation is given by the Dupre equation:

(1) where 1 and 2 denote the materials and v the vapour.