Do An MDaemon

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Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon
Trung tm pht trin cntt - hqg tp. H ch minh Trung tm o to cng ngh cao bch khoa
H v tn: V Vn Vinh Th nh Qunh
Khai thc v lm ch
Chng trnh qun l th in t Mdeamon
n k thut vin tin hc chuyn ngh nh : cng ngh my tnh
gio vin hng dn:
Nin kho : 2003 2006 1
Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh
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Li cm n
Qua y chng em xin c b y t lng bit n n thy L Nguyn H . Thy l ngi truyn th cho chng em rt nhiu kin thc qu bu trong qu trnh hc tp ti trng. Thy rt nhit tnh hng dn v gip chng em trong sut qu trnh thc hin n n y. ng thi chng em xin chn th nh cm n ti to n th cc thy c gio ca Trung Tm Pht Trin CNTT - HQG TP H Ch Minh. Chng em xin gi li cm n c bit ti cc thy c gio khoa Cng ngh thng tin ca Trung Tm. Nhng ngi tn tnh ch dy cho chng em trong sut qu trnh hc ti Trung Tm. Xin c gi li cm n n nhng ngi thn v b bn to iu kin, gip v ng vin trong sut qu trnh thc hin lun vn n y.
H Ni 2005 Nhm sinh vin thc hin : V Vn Vinh
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Li ni u
Trong cc doanh nghip hot ng kinh doanh thng thng ni chung, cc doanh nghip hot ng trong ngh nh cng nghip khng khi ni ring, mc cnh tranh din ra hin nay l rt c lit v c xu hng tng ln. Nu mt mt c hi l coi nh mt i mt khon tin c gi tr gp nhiu ln gi tr m c hi em li. Mt trong nhng cng c gip cc doanh nghip c c thi c ra c nhng quyt nh kp thi l khi c trong tay mt h thng thng tin m bo nhanh, chnh xc v y . Nu nh i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut sn phm, yu cu v cht lng v gi th nh sn phm l nhng mc tiu cn t c. Th i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc kinh doanh dch v, yu cu cht lng phc v v kh nng p ng nhu cu khch h ng l mc tiu h ng u. V vy, vic p dng cng ngh hin i tin tin trong bt c lnh vc n o cng u nhm mt mc ch chung ln nht, l : t c hiu qu cao hn trong cc hot ng, khc phc c cc nhc im v nhng tn ti khi s dng nhng cng c trc, nhng cng c vi trnh cng ngh c lc hu. Xy dng cc ng dng tin hc ni chung l im khi u tt nht gii quyt nhng vn nu trn. Vi nhng l thuyt cn bn v mng my tnh, c i t cc dch v trn mng v qun tr mng c hc trung tm cng thm vi nhng tm ti hc hi trong qu trnh l m n, nhm em i tm hiu su thm v th tn in t v o xy dng mt ng dng c th phc v cho cng vic trong mt c quan. Chng Em c th trnh b y khi qut qua v th tn in nh sau: Th in t l l mt thng ip gi t my tnh n y n mt my tnh khc trn mng my tnh mang ni dung cn thit t ngi gi n ngi nhn. Do th in t gi qua li trn mng v s dng tn hiu in v vy tc truyn rt nhanh. Th in t c rt nhiu cng dng v chuyn nhanh chng v s dng d d ng. Mi ngi c th trao i kin, t i liu vi nhau trong thi gian ngn.Th in t ng y c ng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong i sng, khoa hc, kinh t, x hi, gio gic, v an ninh quc gia. Ng y nay ngi tao trao i vi nhau h ng ng y nhng kin, t i liu bng in th mc d cch xa nhau h ng ng n cy s. 3
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Nhm Em chn t i n y, vi mc nhm cng c thm kin thc tin hc v kin thc thc t cho bn thn. ng thi cn ng gp mt phn trong vic cung cp cho cc nhn vin, cc cn b l nh o trong c quan hiu bit thm v th tn in t v c th s dng mt cch d d ng.
B cc n gm 2 phn v 6 chng: Phn I : Tng quan v h thng th in t

Chng 1. Khi nim chung v h thng th in t. Chng 2. Gii thiu v Mail Client. Chng 3. Gii thiu v Mail Server. Chng 4. Qun tr h thng th in t ni chung. Chng 1: Chng trnh qun l th in t MDeamon. Chng 2: Qun tr h thng MDeamon.
Phn II: Thit lp v qun tr h thng MDeamon.

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phn I: tng quan v h thng th tn in t

Chng 1. khi nim chung v h thng th in t
1.1. Gii thiu th in t 1.1.1. th in t l g ? - gi mt bc th, thng thng ta c th mt mt v i ng y vi mt bc th gi trong nc v nhiu thi gian hn gi bc th ra nc ngo i. Do , tit kim thi gian v tin bc ng y nay nhiu ngi s dng th in t.Th in t c gi ti ngi nhn rt nhanh, d d ng v r hn nhiu so vi th truyn thng - Vy th in t l g ? ni mt cch n gin, th in t l l mt thng ip gi t my tnh n y n mt my tnh khc trn mng my tnh mang ni dung cn thit t ngi gi n ngi nhn. Do th in t gi qua li trn mng v s dng tn hiu in v vy tc truyn rt nhanh. - Th in t cn c gi tt l E-Mail(Electronic Mail). E-Mail c nhiu cu trc khc nhau tu thuc v o h thng my tnh ca ngi s dng.Mc d khc nhau v cu trc nhng tt c u c mt mc ch chung l gi hoc nhn th in t t mt ni n y n mt ni khc nhanh chng. Ng y nay, nh s pht trin ca Internet ngi ta c th gi in th ti cc quc gia trn to n th gii.Vi li ch nh vy nn th in t hu nh tr th nh mt nhu cu cn phi c ca ngi s dng my tnh.Gi s nh bn ang l mt nh kinh doanh nh v cn phi bn h ng trn to n quc.Vy l m th n o bn c th lin lc c vi khch h ng mt cch nhanh chng v d d ng.Th in t l cch gii quyt tt nht v n tr th nh mt dch v ni ting trn Internet. - Ti cc nc tin tin cng nh cc nc ang pht trin, cc trng i hc, cc t chc thng mi, cc c quan chnh quyn v. v. u v ang kt ni h thng my tnh ca h v o Internet vic chuyn th in t nhanh chng v d d ng. 1.1.2. Li ch ca th in t - Th in t c rt nhiu cng dng v chuyn nhanh chng v s dng d d ng. Mi ngi c th trao i kin, t i liu vi nhau trong thi gian ngn.Th in t ng y c ng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong i sng, khoa hc, kinh t, x hi, gio gic, v 5
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an ninh quc gia. Ng y nay ngi tao trao i vi nhau h ng ng y nhng kin, t i liu bng in th mc d cch xa nhau h ng ng n cy s. - V th in t pht trin da v o cu trc ca Internet cho nn cung vi s pht trin ca Internet, th in t ng y c ng ph bin trn to n th gii. Ngi ta khng ngng tm cch khai thc n mc ti a v s hu dng ca n. Th in t pht trin s c b sung thm cc tnh nng sau: Mi bc th in t s mang nhn dng ngi gi. Nh vy ngi gi s bit ai gi th cho mnh mt cch chnh xc. Ngi ta s dng th in t gi th vit bng tay. C ngha l ngi nhn s c th in m ngi gi vit bng tay. Thay v gi l th in bng ch, ngi gi c th dng in th gi ting ni. Ngi nhn s lng nghe c ging ni ca ngi gi khi nhn c th. Ngi gi c th gi mt cun phim hoc l nhng hnh nh lu ng cho ngi nhn. -Nhng tr ngi ln nht hin gi l ng truyn ti tn hiu ca Internet cn chm cho nn kh c th chuyn ti s lng ln cc tn hiu. Ngo i ra cn tr ngi khc nh my tnh khng sc cha hay x l ht tt c tn hiu m n nhn c.V th gn y ngi ta bt u xy dng nhng ng truyn ti tc cao cho Internet vi lu lng nhanh gp trm ln so vi ng c. Hy vng rng vi tin trin nh vy, mi ngi trn Internet s c thm c nhiu li ch t vic s dng in th. 1.2. Kin trc v hot ng ca h thng th in t 1.2.1.Nhng nhn t c bn ca h thng th in t - Hu ht h thng th in t bao gm ba th nh phn c bn l MUA, MTA v MDA.
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S tng quan h thng th in t MTA(Mail transfer Agent)
- Khi cc bc th c gi n t MUA. MTA c nhim v nhn din ngi gi v ngi nhn t thng tin ng gi trong phn header ca th v in cc thng tin cn thit v o header. Sau MTA chuyn th cho MDA chuyn n hp th ngay ti MTA, hoc chuyn cho Remote-MTA. - Vic chuyn giao cc bc th c cc MTA quyt nh da trn a ch ngi nhn tm thy trn phong b. Nu n trng vi hp th do MTA (Local-MTA) qun l th bc th c chuyn cho MDA chuyn v o hp th Nu a ch gi b li, bc th c th c chuyn tr li ngi gi. Nu khng b li nhng khng phi l bc th ca MTA, tn min c s dng xc nh xem Remote-mta n o s nhn th, theo cc bn ghi MX trn h thng tn min (chng ta s i su v o cc khi nim DNS v tn min trong cc mc pha sau). Khi cc ghi MX xc nh c Remote-MTA qun l tn min th khng c ngha l ngi nhn thuc Remote-MTA. M Remote-MTA c th n gin ch trung chuyn (relay) th cho mt MTA khc, c th nh tuyn bc th cho a ch khc nh vai tr ca mt dch v domain o(domain gateway) hoc ngi nhn khng tn ti v Remote-MTA s gi tr li cho MUA gi mt cnh bo. MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) - L mt chng trnh c MTA s dng y th v o hp th ca ngi dng. Ngo i ra MDA cn c kh nng lc th, nh hng th... Thng l MTA c tch hp vi mt MDA hoc mt v i MDA. MUA (Mail User Agent) - MUA l chng trnh qun l th u cui cho php ngi dng c th c, vit v ly th v t MTA. MUA c th ly th t mail server v x l(s dng giao thc POP) hoc chuyn th cho mt MUA khc thng qua MTA (s dng giao thc SMTP). Hoc MUA c th x l trc tip th ngay trn mail server (s dng giao thc IMAP). - ng sau nhng cng vic vn chuyn th chc nng chnh ca MUA l cung cp giao din cho ngi dng tng tc vi th, gm c. 7
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Son tho, gi th
Hin th th, gm c cc file nh km. Gi tr hay chuyn tip th. Gn cc file v o cc th gi i (Text,HTML, MIME.v.v). Thay i cc tham s(v d nh server c s dng, kiu hin th th, kiu m ho th.v.v). Thao tc trn cc th mc th a phng v u xa. Cung cp s a ch th (danh b a ch). Lc th. 1.2.2. Gii thiu v giao thc POP v IMAP POP ( Post Office Protocol) - POP cho php ngi dng c account ti my ch th in t kt ni v o v ly th v my tnh ca mnh, c th c v tr li li. POP c pht trin u tin v o nm 1984 v c nng cp t bn POP2 ln POP3 v o nm 1988. V hin nay hu ht ngi dng s dng tiu chun POP3 - POP3 kt ni trn nn TCP/IP n my ch th in t (s dng giao thc TCP cng mc nh l 110). Ngi dng in username v password. Sau khi xc thc u my khch s s dng cc lnh ca POP3 ly v xo th. - POP3 ch l th tc ly th trn my ch th in t v MUA. POP3 c quy nh bi tiu chun RFC 1939. Lnh ca POP3 Lnh User Pass Star List Retr dele Noop Rset quit Miu t Xc nh username Xc nh password Yu cu v trng thi ca hp th nh s lng th v ln th Hin danh sch ca th Nhn th Xo mt bc th xc nh Khng l m g c Khi phc li nhng th xo(rollback) Thc hin vic thay i v thot ra
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IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol)
- Th tc POP3 l mt th tc rt c ch v s dng rt n gin ly th v cho ngi dng. Nhng s n gin cng em n vic thiu mt s cng dng cn thit. V d: POP3 ch l m vic vi ch offline c ngha l th c ly s b xa trn server v ngi dng ch thao tc v tc ng trn MUA. - IMAP th h tr nhng thiu st ca POP3. IMAP c pht trin v o nm 1986 bi trng i hc Stanford. IMAP2 pht trin v o nm 1987. IMAP4 l bn mi nht ang c s dng v n c cc t chc tiu chun Internet chp nhn v o nm 1994. IMAP4 c quy nh bi tiu chun RFC 2060 v n s dng cng 143 ca TCP - IMAP h tr hot ng ch online, offline hoc disconnect. IMAP cho php ngi dng tp hp cc th t my ch, tm kim v ly message cn ngay trn my ch, ly th v MUA m th khng b xo trn my ch. IMAP cng cho php ngi dng chuyn th t th mc n y ca my ch sang th mc khc hoc xo th. IMAP h tr rt tt cho ngi dng hay phi di chuyn v phi s dng cc my tnh khc nhau. Lnh ca IMAP4 Lnh capability authenticate Login Select examine Create Delete rename subscribe unsubscribe List Lsub Status Append Miu t Yu cu danh sch cc chc nng h tr Xc nh s dng cc thc t mt server khc Cung cp username v password Chn hp th in hp th ch c php c To hp th Xo hp th i tn hp th Thm v o mt list ang hot ng Di khi list ang hot ng Danh sch hp th Hin danh sch ngi s dng hp th Trng thi ca hp th (s lng th,...) Thm message v o hp th 9
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Check Close expunge Search Fetch Store Copy Noop Logout So snh POP3 v IMAP4

Yu cu kim tra hp th Thc hin xo v thot khi hp th Thc hin xo Tm kim trong hp th tm message xc nh Tm kim trong ni dung ca message Thay i ni dung ca message Copy message sang hp th khc Khng l m g ng kt ni
- C rt nhiu im khc nhau gia POP3 v IMAP4. Ph thuc v o ngi dng, MTA v s cn thit, c th s dng POP3,IMAP4 hoc c hai. Li ch ca POP3 l : Rt n gin. c h tr rt rng Bi rt n gin nn POP3 c rt nhiu gii hn. V d n ch h tr s dng mt hp th v th s c xo khi my ch th in t khi ly v. IMAP4 c nhng li ch sau: H tr s dng nhiu hp th c bit h tr cho cc ch l m vic online, offline, hoc khng kt ni Chia s hp th gia nhiu ngi dng Hot ng hiu qu c trn ng kt ni tc thp 1.2.3. Gii thiu v giao thc SMTP - Vic pht trin cc h thng th in t (Mail System) i hi phi hnh th nh cc chun chung v th in t. c hai chun v th in t quan trng nht v c s dng t trc n nay l X.400 v SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). SMTP thng i km vi chun POP3. Mc ch chnh ca X.400 l cho php cc E-mail c th c truyn nhn thng qua cc loi mng khc nhau bt chp cu hnh phn cng, h iu h nh mang, giao thc truyn dn c dng. Cn chun SMTP miu t cch iu khin cc thng ip trn mng Internet. iu quan trng ca chun SMTP l gi nh MTA hoc MUA gi th phi dng giao thc SMTP gi th in t cho mt MTA nhn th cng s dng SMTP. Sau , MUA s ly th khi n o h mun dng giao thc 10
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Protocol version3).
POP ( Post Office Protocol). Ng y nay POP c ci tin th nh POP3 ( Post Office
Hot ng ca POP v SMTP - Th tc chun trn Internet nhn v gi ca th in t l SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol). SMTP l th tc pht trin mc ng dng trong m hnh 7 lp OSI cho php gi bc in trn mng TCP/IP. SMTP c pht trin v o nm 1982 bi t chc IETF ( Internet Engineering Task Fonce) v c chun ho theo tiu chun RFCS 821 v 822. SMTP s dng cng 25 ca TCP. - Mc d SMTP l th tc gi v nhn th in t ph bin nht nhng n vn cn thiu mt s c im qun trong c trong th tc X400. Phn yu nht ca SMTP l thiu kh nng h tr cho cc bc in khng phi dng text. - Ngo i ra SMTP cng c kt hp thm hai th tc khc h tr cho vic ly th l POP3 v IMAP4. MIME v SMTP - MIME ( Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ) cung cp thm kh nng cho SMTP v cho php cc file c dng m ho a phng tin (Multimedia) i km vi bc in SMTP chun. - SMTP yu cu ni dung ca th phi dng 7 bit ASCII. Tt c cc dng d liu khc phi c m ha v dng m ASCII. Do MIME c pht trin h tr SMTP trong vic m ha d liu chuyn v dng ASCII v ngc li.
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- Mt th khi gi i c SMTP s dng MIME nh dng li v dng ACSII v ng thi phn header c in thm cc thng s ca nh dng ( nh trn hnh 1.3) cho php u nhn th c th nh dng tr li dng ban u ca bc in. - MIME l mt tiu chun h tr bi hu ht cc ng dng hin nay. MIME c quy chun trong cc tiu chun RFC 2045-2094. Lnh ca SMTP - SMTP s dng mt cch n gin cc cu lnh ngn iu khin bc in Bng danh sch cc lnh ca SMTP cc lnh ca SMTP c xc nh trong tiu chun RFC 821 Lnh Hello M t Hello. S dng xc nh ngi gi in. Lnh n y i km vi tn ca host gi in. Trong ESTMP (extended protocol), th lnh n y s l EHLO. Mall Rcpt Data Khi to mt dao dch gi th. N kt hp from xc nh ngi gi th Xc nh ngi nhn th Thng bo bt u ni dung thc s ca bc in ( phn thn ca th). D liu c m th nh dng m 128-bit ASCII v n c kt thc vi mt dng n cha du (.) Lnh Rset Vrfy Noop Quit Send M t Hu b giao dch th S dng xc thc ngi nhn th N l lnh no operation xc nh khng thc hin h nh ng g Thot khi tin trnh kt thc Cho host nhn bit rng th cn phi gi n u cui khc
M trng thi ca SMTP - Khi mt MTA gi mt lnh SMTP ti MTA nhn th MTA nhn s tr li vi mt m trng thi cho ngi gi bit ang c vic g xy ra ti u nhn. V di y l bng m trng thi ca SMTP theo tiu chun RFC 821. Mc ca trng thi c 12
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ng bnh thng ). SMTP m rng(Extended SMTP)
xc nh bi s u tin ca m (5xx l li nng, 4xx l li tm thi ,1xx-3xx l hot
- SMTP th c ci tin ng y c ng p ng nhu cu cao ca ngi dng v l mt th tc ng y c ng c ich. Nhng d sao cng co s m rng tiu chun SMTP, v chun RFC 1869 ra i b sung cho SMTP. N khng ch m rng m cn thm cc tnh nng cn thit cho cc lnh c sn. V d: lnh SIZE l lnh m rng cho php nhn gii hn ln ca bc in n. Khng c ESMTP th s khng gii hn c ln ca bc th. - Khi h thng kt ni vi mt MTA, n s s dng khi to th ESMTP thay HELO bng EHLO. Nu MTA c h tr SMTP m rng (ESMTP)th n s tr li vi mt danh sch cc lnh m n s h tr. Nu khng n s tr li vi m lnh sai (500 command not recognized) v host gi s quay tr v s dng SMTP. Cc lnh c bn ca ESMTP Lnh Ehlo 8bitmime Size SMTP Headers - C th ly c rt nhiu thng tin c ch bng cch kim tra phn Header ca th. Khng ch xem c bc in t u n, ch ca th, ng y gi v nhng ngi nhn. Bn cn c th xem c nhng im m bc in i qua trc khi n hp th ca bn. Tiu chun RFC 822 quy nh header cha nhng g. Ti thiu c ngi gi (from), ng y gi v ngi nhn (TO, CC, hoc BCC) Cc u im v nhc im ca SMTP u im: SMTP rt ph bin. N c h tr bi nhiu t chc. SMTP c gi th nh qun tr v duy tr thp. SMTP c cu trc a ch n gin. Nhc im: Miu t S dng ESMTP thay cho HELO ca SMTP S dng 8-bit MIME cho m d liu S dng gii hn ln ca bc in
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SMTP thiu mt s chc bo mt (SMTP thng gi di dng text do c th b c trm - phi b sung thm cc tnh nng v m ha d liu S/MIME). H tr nh dng d liu yu (phi chuyn sang dng ASCII s dng MINE). N ch gii hn v o nhng tnh nng n gin. (Nhng cng l mt u im do ch gii hn nhng tnh nng n gin nn n s l m vic hiu qu v d d ng). 1.2.4. ng i ca th - Mi mt bc th truyn thng phi i n cc bu cc khc nhau trn ng n vi ngi dng. Tng t th in t cng chuyn t my ch th in t n y (mail server) ti my ch th in t khc trn Internet. Khi th c chuyn ti ch th n c cha ti hp th in t ti my ch th in t cho n khi n c nhn bi ngi nhn. To n b qu trnh xy ra trong v i pht, do n cho php nhanh chng lin lc vi mi ngi trn to n th gii mt cch nhanh chng ti bt c thi im n o d ng y hay m. Gi, nhn v chuyn th - nhn c th in t th bn cn phi c mt t i khon (account) th in t. Ngha l bn phi c mt a ch nhn th. Mt trong nhng thun li hn vi th thng thng l bn c th nhn th in t bt c u. Bn ch cn kt ni v o my ch th in t ly th v my tnh ca mnh. - gi c th bn cn phi c mt kt ni v o Internet v truy nhp v o my ch th in t chuyn th i. Th tc tiu chun c s dng gi th l SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). N c kt hp vi th tc POP ( Post Office Protocol) v IMAP (Iinternet Message Access Protocol) ly th.
Hot ng ca POP v SMTP Gi th (Send)
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- Sau khi khi ngi s dng my tnh dung MUA t vit th v ghi r a ch ca ngi nhn v bm gi th th my tnh s chuyn bc th ln MTA ca ngi gi. Cn c v o a ch ngi gi, my ch gi s chuyn th n mt MTA thch hp. Giao thc kt ni t chng trnh son th (MUA) n my ch gi th (MTA) l SMTP. Chuyn th (Delivery) - Nu my gi (Local-MTA) c th lin lc c vi my nhn (Remote-MTA) th vic chuyn th s c tin h nh. Giao thc c s dng vn chuyn th gia hai my ch th in t cng l SMTP. Trc khi nhn th th my nhn s kim sot tn ngi nhn c hp th thuc my nhn qun l hay khng. Nu tn ngi nhn th thuc my nhn qun l th l th s c nhn ly v l th s c b v o hp th ca ngi nhn . Trng hp nu my nhn kim sot thy rng tn ngi nhn khng c hp th th my nhn s khc t vic nhn l th. Trong trng hp khc t n y th my gi s thng bo cho ngi gi bit l ngi nhn khng c hp th (user unknown). Nhn th (Receive) - Sau khi my nhn (Remote-MTA) nhn l th v b v o hp th cho ngi nhn ti my nhn. MUA s kt ni n my nhn xem th hoc ly v xem. Sau khi xem th xong th ngi nhn c th lu tr (save), hoc xo (delete), hoc tr li (reply) v.v..Trng hp nu ngi nhn mun tr li li l th cho ngi gi th ngi nhn khng cn phi ghi li a ch v a ch ca ngi gi c sn trong l th v chng trnh th s b a ch o v o trong bc th tr li. Giao thc c s dng nhn th ph bin hin nay l POP3 v IMAP. Trm phc v th hay cn gi l my ch th in t (Mail Server) - Trn thc t, trong nhng c quan v cc h ng xng ln, my tnh ca ngi gi th khng trc tip gi n my tnh ca ngi nhn m thng qua cc my ch th in t (My ch th in t - Mail Server bao h m kt hp c MTA, MDA v hp th ca ngi dng).
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V d : qu trnh gi th.
Gi th t A ti B - Nh m hnh trn cho thy, nu nh mt ngi my A gi ti mt ngi my B mt l th th trc nht my A s gi n my ch th in t X. khi trm phc v th X s chuyn tip cho my ch th in t Y. Khi trm phc v th Y nhn c th t X th Y s chuyn th ti my B l ni ngi nhn. Trng hp my B b trc trc th my ch th Y s gi th. - Thng thng th my ch th in t thng chuyn nhiu th cng mt lc cho mt my nhn. Nh v d trn trm phc v th Y c th chuyn nhiu th cng mt lc cho my B t nhiu ni gi n. - Mt v i cng dng khc ca my ch thu l khi ngi s dng c chuyn phi ngh mt thi gian th ngi s dng c th yu cu my ch th gi gim tt c nhng th t trong thi gian ngi s dng vng mt hoc c th yu cu my ch th chuyn tat c cc th ti mt hp th khc. 1.3. Gii thiu v h thng DNS - Trong cc mc trc chng ta cp ti cc khi nim c bn ca h thng th in t. Ti phn n y chng ta tm hiu khi nim v h thng tn min hay cn gi l DNS (Domain Name S ystem). H thng tn min gip chng ta hiu c cu trc a ch th v cch vn chuyn th trn mng. 1.3.1. Gii thiu v h thng DNS - Mi my tnh khi kt ni v o mng Internet th c gn cho mt a ch IP xc nh. a ch IP ca mi my l duy nht v gip my tnh c th xc nh ng i n mt my tnh khc mt cch d d ng. i vi ngi dng th a ch IP l rt kh 16
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nh (v d a ch IP 203.162.0.11 l ca my DNS server ti H ni). Cho nn, cn phi s dng mt h thng gip cho my tnh tnh ton ng i mt cch d d ng v ng thi cng gip ngi dng d nh. Do vy, h thng DNS ra i nhm gip cho ngi dng c th chuyn i t a ch IP kh nh m my tnh s dng sang mt tn d nh cho ngi s dng v ng y c ng pht trin. - Nhng tn gi nh nh home.vnn.vn hoc www.cnn.com th c gi l tn min (domain name hoc DNS name). N gip cho ngi s dng d d ng nh v n dng ch m ngi bnh thng c th hiu v s dng h ng ng y. - H thng DNS s dng h thng c s d liu phn tn v phn cp hnh cy. V vy vic qun l cng d d ng v cng rt thun tin cho vic chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP v ngc li. H thng DNS cng ging nh m hnh qun l c nhn ca mt t nc. Mi c nhn s c mt tn xc nh ng thi cng c a ch chng minh th gip qun l con ngi mt cch d d ng hn. Mi c nhn u c mt s cn cc qun l: - H thng DNS gip cho mng Internet thn thin hn vi ngi s dng. Do vy mng Internet pht trin bng n mt v i nm gn y. Theo thng k trn th gii v o thi im thng 7/2000, s lng tn min c ng k l 93.000.000. Ni chung mc ch ca h thng DNS l : - a ch IP kh nh cho ngi s dng nhng d d ng vi my tnh. - Tn th d nh vi ngi s dng nhng khng dng c vi my tnh. - H thng DNS gip chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP v ngc li gip ngi dng d d ng s dng h thng my tnh. 1.3.2. Hot ng ca DNS - H thng DNS s dng giao thc UDP ti lp 4 ca m hnh OSI, mc nh l s dng cng 53 trao i thng tin v tn min. - Hot ng ca h thng DNS l chuyn i tn min sang a ch IP v ngc li. H thng c s d liu ca DNS l h thng c s d liu phn tn. Cc DNS server c phn quyn qun l cc tn min xc nh v chng lin kt vi nhau cho php ngi dng c th truy vn mt tn min bt k (c tn ti) ti bt c im n o trn mng mt cch nhanh nht. 1.3.3. Cc bn ghi ca DNS v lin quan gia DNS v h thng E-mail - H thng DNS gip cho mng my tnh hot ng d d ng bng cch chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP. Khng ch vy cc bn khai ca DNS cn gip xc nh dch v trn mng: 17
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Vi d: host1 vnn.vn. host2.vnn.vn. hn-mail05.vnn.vn. hn-mail06.vnn.vn. IN IN IN IN
Bn khai (address): xc nh chuyn i t tn ca host xc nh sang a ch IP A A A A 203.162.0.151 203.162.0.152 203.162.0.190 203.162.0.191
- Bn khai CNAME: xc nh nh x ca mt tn min n mt host xc nh (host thng c khai bng bn khai A) Vi d: home.vnn.vn. home.vnn.vn. IN IN CNAME CNAME host1.vnn.vn. host2.vnn.vn.
- Bn khai CNAME cho php xc nh trang web c domain la home.vnn.vn c ch v hai host: host1.vnn.vn (203.162.0.151) v host2.vnn.vn (203.162.0.152). Trn h thng DNS c c ch cho php cc truy vn th nht v trang web home.vnn.vn ch n host1.vnn.vn v truy vn th hai v home.vnn.vn s c ch n host2.vnn.vn c nh vy truy vn 3 ch n host1.vnn.vn... - Bn khai MX (Mail Exchanger): xc nh domain ca th in t c chuyn v mt server mail xc nh V d: hn.vnn.vn. hn.vnn.vn. IN IN MX10 MX20 hn-mail05.vnn.vn hn-mail06.vnn.vn
- Vi gi tr 10 ti bn ghi s mt v gi tr 20 ca bn ghi s hai l gi tr u tin m th s gi v host n o (gi tr c ng nh th mc u tin c ng cao). Nu khng gi c n host c u tin cao th n s gi n host c u tin thp hn. - Bn khai MX cho php xc nh tt c cc th thuc domain hn.vnn.vn c chuyn v host hn-mail05.vnn.vn (203.162.0.190). Nu host hn-mail05.vnn.vn c s c th cc th s c chuyn v host hn-mail06.vnn.vn (203.162.0.191) - Bn khai PTR (pointer): xc nh chuyn i t a ch IP sang tn min V d: 203.162.0.18 203.162.0.190 203.162.0.191 IR IR IR PTR PTR PTR webproxy.vnn.vn. hn-mail05.vnn.vn. hn-mail06.vnn.vn.
Bn khai PTR c rt nhiu mc ch: 18
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- Nh kim tra mt bc th gi n t mt domain c a ch IP xc nh v ng thi kim tra ngc li IP cng phi tng ng vi domain th mi c nhn. m bo trch nhim vic gi mo a ch gi th rc. - Truy nhp t xa: ch cho php mt host c domain tng ng vi a ch IP v ngc li mi c php truy nhp trnh vic gi mo truy nhp. MTA mun chuyn mt bc th n MTA2. - MTA1 s kim tra phn header c bc th tri phn a ch ngi nhn xc nh a ch ngi nhn. MTA1 s tch phn domain ca ngi nhn v truy vn h thng DNS xc nh a ch IP ca phn domain ca ngi gi n MTA2. - Khi xc nh c a ch ca MTA2 th cn c v o routing ca mng kt ni tin trnh SMTP n MTA2 chuyn th. Sau MTA2 s chuyn v o hp th tng ng c ngi nhn. 1.4. Cu trc ca E-Mail. - Tng t nh vic gi th bng bu in, vic gi th in t cng cn phi c a ch ca ni ngi gi v a ch ca ni ngi nhn. a ch ca E-Mail c theo cu trc nh sau: user-mailbox@domain-part (Hp-th@vng qun l) - User-mailbox (hp th): l a ch ca hp th ngi nhn trn my ch qun l th. C th hiu nh phn a ch s nh ca th bu in thng thng. - Domain-part (tn min):l khu vc qun l ca ngi nhn trn Internet. C th hiu n ging nh mt th nh ph, tn tnh v quc gia nh a ch nh trn th bu in thng thng. Th d ca mt dng a ch thng dng nht: ktm-vdc1vdc.com.vn - T phi sang tri, vn l h thng tn min ca Vit Nam qun l. com l hp th thng mi. vdc l tn ca mt my tnh do VDC qun l. ktm-vcd1 l tn hp th ca my ch th in ca vdc. Trn my tnh c tn min l vdc.com.vn cn c th c nhiu hp th cho nhiu ngi khc. Th d: lan@vdc.com.vn, diep@vdc.com.vn ... Tm li a ch th in t thng c hai phn chnh: V d: ktm@vdc.com.vn - Phn trc l phn tn ca ngi dng user name (ktm) n thng l hp th ca ngi nhn th trn my ch th in t. Sau l phn nh du @. Cui cng l phn tn min xc nh a ch my ch th in t qun l th in t m ngi dng 19
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ng k (vdc.com.vn) v hp th trn . N thng l tn ca mt c quan hoc mt t chc v n hot ng da trn hot ng ca h thng tn min. - Th in t (E-mail)c cu to tng t nh nhng bc th thng thng v chia l m hai phn chnh: - Phn u (header): cha tn v a ch ca ngi nhn, tn v a ch cua nhng ngi s c gi n, ch ca th (subject). Tn v a ch ca ngi gi, ng y thng ca bc th. From: To: Cc: Bcc: Date: Subject: a ch ca ngi gi Ngi gi chnh ca bc th Nhng ngi ng gi (s nhn c mt bn copy th) Nhng ngi cng nhn c mt bn nhng nhng ngi n y khng xem c nhng ai c nhn th. Thi gian gi bc th Ch ca bc th v o) Reply-to: a ch nhn c phc p Thn ca th (body): cha ni dung ca bc th. - Nhng khi gi cc bc th bnh thng bn phi c a ch chnh xc. Nu s dng sai a ch hoc g nhm a ch th th s khng th gi n ngi nhn v n s chuyn li cho ngi gi v bo a ch khng bit (Address Unknown). - Khi nhn c mt th in t, th phn u (header) ca th s cho bit n t u n, v n c gi i nh th n o v khi n o. N nh vic ng du bu in. - Khng nh nhng bc th thng thng, nhng bc th thng thng c trong phong b cn th in t th khng c ring t nh vy m n nh mt tm thip postcard. Th in t c th b chn li v b c bi nhng ngi khng c quyn c. trnh iu v d b mt ch c cch m ha thng tin gi trong th Xc inh E-mai t au n: - Thng th mt bc th khng c gi trc tip t ngi gi n ngi nhn. M phi t nht l i qua bn host trc khi n ngi nhn. iu xy ra bi v hu ht cc t chc u thit lp mt server trung chuyn th hay cn gi l mail server. Do khi mt ngi gi th n cho mt ngi nhn th n phi i t my tnh ca ngi gi mail server qun l hp th ca mnh v c chuyn n mail server qun l ngi nhn sau cng l n my tnh ca ngi nhn. 20
Message-Id: M xc nh ca bc th ( l duy nht v c t ng in
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Chng 2. gii thiu v mail client

2.1. Cc tnh nng c bn ca mt mail client - Mail client l g? Mail client l mt phn mm u cui cho php ngi s dng th in t c th s dng mt cc chc nng c bn sau: + Ly th gi n. + c th in t. + Gi v tr li th in t. + Lu th in t. + In th in t. + Qun l vic gi v nhn th. 2.2. Cc tnh nng cao ca mail client - Ngo i cc tnh nng c bn cho php ngi dng c th s dng th in t. Cc phn mm mail client thng c kt hp thm nhiu tnh nng gip cho ngi dng s dng th in t mt cch d d ng, an to n v hiu qu. 2.2.1. gii thiu qun l a ch - Ng y nay thi i thng tin, cc giao dch thng mi, lin h i tc v thm hi ngi thn s dng th in t l rt nhiu. Do cc phn mm mail client thng cung cp cho ngi dng cc cng c cho php qun l a ch th in t mt cch hiu qu nht. 21
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- Thng cc phn mm mail client s dng ca s qun l a ch hay cn gi l address book. N cho php ngi dng mail clien c th qun l a ch th qun l ca ngi dng mt cch hiu qu ng thi cho php chia s danh sch vi ngi dng khc. 2.2.2. Gii thiu lc th - Trn Internet lng thng tin l rt nhiu nhng trn c loi thng tin: tt c, xu c. Th in t cng vy, do khng ch ti my ch th in t c kh nng hn ch, phn loi x l th in t m mail client cng cho php ngi dng mail client c kh nng chn cc th khng mong mun theo a ch, hay theo t kho bt k ... gip ngi dng khng phi mt nhiu thi gian phn loi v x l nhng th khng c ch. - Ngo i ra b lc th cn cho php ngi dng phn loi th, sp xp, qun l th mt cch hiu qu. 2.2.3. gii thiu chng thc in t - Digital IDs l mt xc thc in t tng t nh giy php , h chiu i vi con ngi. Bn c th dng Digital ID xc nhn bn c quyn truy nhp thng tin hoc v o cc dch v trc tuyn. - Bun bn o, ngn h ng in t v cc dch v thng mi in t khc ng y c ng thng dng v em n cho ngi dng nhiu thun li v tin dng, n cho php bn ngi ti nh c th l m c mi vic. Nhng d sao bn cng phi quan tm nhiu v vn ring t v bo mt. ch m ho d liu thi cha , n khng xc nh c ngi gi v ngi nhn thng tin c m ho. Khng c cc bin php bo v c bit th ngi gi hoc ni dung c th b gi mo. a ch Digital ID cho php bn gii quyt vn , n cung cp mt on m in t xc nh tng ngi. S dng kt hp vi m ho d liu n cho php mt gii php an to n khi chuyn bc in t ngi gi n ngi nhn. 2.3. Gii thiu v mt s mail client - C rt nhiu chng trnh mail client. Nhng may mn thay l phn ln chng hot ng tng t nh nhau. Mc n y s gii thiu mt s chng trnh mail client thng dng nht nh Pine, Eudora, SPRYMail, Group wise. Ngo i ra phn tip theo (2.5)s gii thiu v hai phn mm mail client rt thng dng trn nn h iu h nh Windows l Netscape Mail v Outlook Express. 2.3.1. Pine 22
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- Pine l mt chng trnh e-mail client c pht trin bi trng i hc Washington ti Seattle v o nm 1989. Chng trnh c s dng ch yu bi nhng ngi truy cp trc tip n mt server (pine rt thng dng trong cc lp trnh vin). Mc d khng cung cp mt giao din ha nhng pine l mt chng trnh nhiu tnh nng. N cng tng i d s dng. S dng pine bn c th reply to mail; forward mail; send copies to, hay cc n cc a ch th khc; to mt mailing list; to cc nickname; v to bao nhiu th mc tu thch. V pine chy trn server, bn c th ly th t bt c ni n o. Pine khng s dng giao thc POP3. 2.3.2. Eudora - Eudora l mt chng trnh mail client c nhiu tnh nng, chy trn c PC v Macintosh. Eudora l chng trnh d s dng. Eudora c cc phin bn commercial, freeware. Bn thng mi (commercial) c thm nhiu tnh nng nh kim tra ng php. Bn c th truy cp th t bt c my client n o. 2.3.3. SPRYMail - Vi nhng tnh nng ca mnh, SPRYMail l chng trnh ng phi c cp n. Bn c th c cc bn tin trong hp th trc khi ti xun server. Tnh nng n y cho php bn xo cc bn tin bn khng mun c, hoc tr li ngay lp tc. Bn cng c th cc bn tin trn server ri sau ti xung cc my khc. Cc chng trnh mail client khc cng c tnh nng n y, nhng khng r r ng nh SPRYMail. Tuy vy SPRYMail khng phc tp nh Pine hay gi cm nh Eudora. 2.3.4. GroupWise - Groupwise l mt chng trnh e-mail client thng s dng trong cc mng LAN, nhng n cng c th d d ng nng cp tng thch vi mi trng Internet. Groupwise khng c nhiu tnh nng nh Eudora. n cng thiu mt s tnh nng m ngi s dng Internet a thch. V d nh, Eudora cho php bn thay i mt khu th, mt tnh nng thng c ngi s dng Internet thc hin. Nhng vi Groupwise, mt khu th ca bn chnh l mt khu my tnh ca bn. 2.4. Cc tham s chung c i t mail client - Tuy rt nhiu loi mail client, nhng c i t c chng bn ch cn c mt hm th c ng k vi ISP (Internet Service Prpvider) v nm c nguyn l mt s tham s chung. Chng ta s trnh b y chng di y v ly v d vi hp th support@vnn.vn c ng k ti cng ty VDC (Vit nam Data Communication Company Cng ty in ton v Truyn s liu). 23
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VDC.
Display name: Tn hin th ca hp th. V d: Hp th h tr ca cng ty E-mail address: a ch E-mail ca hp th. V d:support@vnn.vn. Incoming mail server: a ch mail server l m chc nng nhn th v. a ch n y do ISP cung cp cho bn. V d: mail.vnn.vn. Server type (of incoming mail server): Kiu mail server nhn th ca bn. Gm nhng loi sau: POP3, IMAP, HTTP. Tu theo ISP h tr loi server type n o m bn c th chn la. V d nh cng ty VDC h tr IMAP v POP3 cho cc hm th @vnn.vn Outgoing mail server: a ch mail server l m chc nng gi th i. a ch n y do ISP cung cp cho bn. V d: smtp.vnn.vn Account name: Tn t i khon, chnh l phn trc phn @ trong a ch th ca bn. V d: support Password: L mt khu hp th ca bn. Mt khu n y do bn t ra khi ng k t i khon th vi ISP. 2.5. Gii thiu s dng phn mm mail client - Trn Internet c rt nhiu loi mail client khc nhau nhng hai phn mm thng dng nht l Outlook Express ca h ng Microsoft v Netscape Mail ca h ng Netscape. ng thi cng l hai phn mm s dng d d ng, tch hp nhiu tnh nng h tr ngi s dng, do trong khun kh gio trnh n y ch gii thiu c i t v s dng Oitlook Express v Netscape Mail. 2.5.1. C i t chng trnh Outlook Express - Bc 1: Chn start/program/Outlook Express, hoc nhn v o biu tng Outlook Express trn m n hnh khi ng chng trnh - Bc 2: Chn menu tools/Account - Bc 3: Chn tip mc Mail/Add/Mail, Outlook s ln lt hi bn v tng thng s v hng dn bn theo tng bc - Display name: tn y ca bn. V d: H Tr Dch V-VDC1. - E-mail address: a ch E-mail ca bn - Incoming mail (POP3) server: g a ch mail server cha hp th nhn v ca bn (a ch n y tu thuc v o ISP bn ng k). V d: mail.vnn.vn. - Outgoing mail (SMTP) server: g a ch mail server cha hp th gi i. V d: mail.vnn.vn sau bn n next> s xut hin ca s ti 24
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bn). V d: support1
- Account name: Bn g tn hp th ca bn(phn trc @ trong a ch th ca - Password: L mt khu hp th ca bn (c th trng nh trnh b y trn). - Bc tip theo nhn chut v o Next>cui cng bn nhn v o Finish kt thc qu trnh c i t 2.5.2. S dng phn mm Outlook Express - Ti giao din chnh ca chng trnh Outlook Express (sau khi khi to chng trnh v o Start/Program/Outlook Express, hoc nhn v o biu tng Outlook Express trn m n hnh). - Trn thanh cng c ca Outlook Express c cc nt chc nng sau: + New Mail: Son th mi. + Reply: Phc p li ngi gi. + Reply All: Phc p li ngi gi v nhng ngi ng nhn. + Forward: Chuyn tip bc th cho ngi th ba. + Print: In th + Delete: Xo th. + Send/Recv: To kt ni ti Mail Server nhn v gi th + Addresses: S lu a ch to sn. + Find: Dng tm th. - Trn ca s cc folders c nhng chc nng chnh sau: - Inbox: Cha nhng th nhn v. - Outbox: Cha nhng th son v ch gi i - Send Items: Sao li nhng th gi. - Deleted Items: Cha nhng th xo. - Ngo i cc folders chnh trn cc bn c th to cc folders ca ring mnh thun tin trong vic qun l th. Trn thanh menu ca giao din Outlook Express, chn File/Folder/New to Folder ring cho mnh.
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Chng 3 . qun tr h thng th in t

3.1. Mt s tnh nng c bn qun tr v thit lp h thng th in t 3.1.1.M hnh hot ng ca h thng th in t Cc th nh phn ca my ch th in t Cc th nh phn c bn thit lp nn mt h thng mail server bao gm: - SMTP-IN Queue: l ni lu tr cc th in t nhn v bng th tc SMTP trc khi chuyn local Queue hoc Remote Queue - Local Queue: l ni cc th gi n c xp h ng trc khi chuyn v o hp th ca ngi dng ti my ch th (local mailboxes). - Remote Queue: l ni lu tr th trc khi c gi ra ngo i Internet - Local Mailboxes: l hp th ca cc account ng k s dng. (ni lu tr cc th gi n) - Email authentication: Cho php ngi s dng c th xc thc ly th t hp th ca mnh trn my ch th v mail client. - Ngo i cc th nh phn c bn cho php h thng my ch th in t c th gi v nhn th n thng c tch hp thm cc chc nng m bo cho h thng hot ng n nh v an to n.
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3.1.2.M hnh ca h thng my ch th in t
- Vi mt h thng my ch th in t cung cp cho mt n v va v nh th to n b h thng thng c tch hp v o mt my ch. V my ch va l m chc nng nhn, gi th, lu tr hp th v kim sot th v o ra. - S dng th tc SMTP chuyn, nhn th gia cc my ch th vi nhau. - S dng th tc SMTP cho php mail client gi th ln my ch. - S dng th tc POP hoc IMAP mail client nhn th v. - Nhng vi mt h thng th in t ln th vic s dng nh vy l khng ph hp do nng lc ca mt my ch thng l c hn. Do vi mt h thng th in t ln thng c thit k s dng m hnh fron end-back end nh hnh v 3.4 ng thi vic qun l account c s dng bi mt my ch LDAP. Chc nng ca tng th nh phn: Font end Server: dng giao tip vi ngi dng. gi v nhn th LDAP server: qun l account ca cc thu bao Back end Server: qun l hp th hoc dng iu khin storage Storage: lu tr hp th ca ngi dng - H thng th in t s dng c ch front end back end. S dng front end giao tip trc tip vi ngi dng gi v nhn th. Trn front end server s chy cc tin trnh SMTP, POP v cc queue. Khi th n hoc mt ngi dng truy nhp v o hp th cu mnh th front s hng ra LDAP xc nh hp th ca ngi dng trn back
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end server. Thng back end server s dng c ch s dng shared storage (chia s) qun l chung a lu gi hp th ngi dng. vi vic s dng c ch n y cho php: Cc front end v back end c th phn ti vi nhau, d d ng nng cp khi lng khch h ng tng ln. Vi vic ch phi tng mt my ch bnh thng ch khng phi nng cp to n b h thng vi mt my ch tht mnh. D d ng bo dng bo tr h thng. c th b o dng tng my mt m khng cn phi dng hot ng ca to n h thng m bo an to n khi mt my ch c s c. Vi vic s dng h thng qun l account bng LDAP cho php chia s thng tin v account vi cc dch v khc. C th t firewall gia front end v back end hoc trc front end Front end t pha trc v tch bit vi back end do front end nh mt c ch bo v back end l ni cha d liu ca khch h ng. - Xc nh mt im duy nht qun l ngi dng. Khng c my ch front end th mi ngi dng phi bit tn ca my ch m cha hp th ca mnh. iu dn n phc tp cho vic qun tr v mn do ca h thng. Vi my ch front end bn c th s dng chung URL hoc a ch POP v IMAP cho cc mail client. 3.2.Cc thit lp an to n cho server 3.2.1.Thit lp an to n chuyn th n cho mt my ch th in th khc - ng trung chuyn (open relay) th t mt a ch khng thuc my ch th qun l gi n mt a ch cng khng phi cho n qun l. Nu bt buc phi relay th ch cho php mt s tn min hoc mt s a ch IP c php s dng trung chuyn th. 3.2.2. Thit lp an to n nhn th t mt my ch khc - Thit lp c ch kim tra th gi n. Nhng th t nhng my ch th in t m trung chuyn th khng chp nhn. - Thit lp cc c ch kim tra nh kim tra reverse lookup (c ch chuyn i IP sang tn min). Cu trc ca mt bc th ti phn header c ghi li ti trng To ca n a ch domain ca th v a ch IP. Khi thit lp c ch n y th ch cc th t my ch th c a ch tn min tng ng vi mt a ch IP v kim tra t IP sang tn min tng ng th mi c php nhn. 3.2.3. Thit lp an to n cho php mail client nhn th v - Thit lp c ch xc thc dng c php dng POP v IAMP. - Ch mt s a ch xc nh mi c php truy nhp v o ly th 28
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- Thit lp cc gii php cho php s dng mt khu v th trn ng truyn ly v c m ho (s dng SSL cho POP v IMAP v xc thc). 3.2.4. Thit lp an to n cho php mail client gi th - Thit lp c ch ch cc thu bao cu my ch th in t mi c php gi th i. Nh cc account c tn min ng vi tn min m my ch qun l mi c php gi th. - Thit lp c ch POP before SMTP. C ngha l ch khi mail client s dng xc thc xem th vi mt s iu kin (nh m hp th c mt pht...) mi c php gi th. - Nu c th ch mt s a ch IP ca mail client mi c php gi th i. 3.2.5. Thit lp cc c ch an to n khc - Thit lp cc c ch qut virus cho th gi i, gi n qua my ch. - Chn cc th c ni dung c hi, cc a ch IP m t xut pht cc th khng c li. - Theo di hp th postmaster nhn c cc phn nh kp thi pht hin cc s c gii quyt. - Tham gia v o cc mail list ca nh cung cp phn mm v phn cng thng xuyn c cung cp cc li ca sn phm v cch gii quyt. - Khng ai c th bit ht mi vic c th xy ra. Do vic tham gia cc din n (forum) trao i, hc hi cc kinh nghim c th xc nh v phng trnh cc s c c th xy ra. - m bo an to n ca h iu h nh chy phn mm th in t cng l mt vic rt quan trng. - Thng xuyn lu tr cu hnh v log ca h thng c th khc phc kp thi khi c s c. 3.3. Qun tr my ch th in t t xa - Pht trin truy nhp t xa qun tr v s dng th rt tin li. c bit l qun tr t xa trn web v hu ht cc my tnh ni mng u s dng web browser, d s dng cho mi 29
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ngi v ng thi li rt hiu qu. t cc chc nng v cng c qun tr th trn world wide web s em li nhiu hiu qu v linh hot trong s dng ca ngi qun tr cng nh ngi dng, n c th cho php bt c lc n o, bt c u ngi dng cng c th l m vic, tm li vic qun tr t xa cho php nhng ngi l m vic s dng my tnh c c hi thit lp k hoch cho cng vic v l m vic ti bt c a im n o c kt ni Internet v gim bt gnh nng cho ngi qun tr th in t. 3.4. Gii thiu mt s Mail Server 3.4.1. Gii thiu v Sendmail - Sendmail l phn mm qun l th in t m ngun m c pht trin bi t chc hip hi Sendmail. N c nh gi l mt MTA linh hot v h tr nhiu loi chuyn giao th. Bao gm SMTP. Bn Sendmail u tin do ng Eric Allman vit v o u nhng nm 1980 ti UC Berkeley. - Sendmail chy trn h iu hanh Unix v c th ti v min ph s dng cng nh pht trin thm. Cng nh cc phn mm m ngun m ni chung Sendmail yu cu ngi s dng phi c nhng hiu bit su v h thng cng nh trnh c th khai thc h thng mt cch c hiu qu v an to n. - Sendmail b ch trch l chm, qu phc tp v kh duy tr so vi cc MTA khc nh Qmail. Tuy vy, n vn l ph thng nht trn Internet do c vai tr l mt MTA chun chy trn cc bin th ca h iu h nh Unix. 3.4.2. Gii thiu v Qmail - Qmail l mt MTA c chc nng tng t nh Sendmail, c vit bi chuyn gia mt m Daniel J. Bernstein. Nhng c tnh ca Qmail l c kin trc module cao, tun th cht ch thit k phn mm ca ng Bernstein, v bo mt. Qmail c coi l m ngun m nhng khng chnh xc. l do tuy c phn phi, s dng min ph v m ngun c th cng khai nhng ngi s dng khng c php phn phi nhng phin bn b thay i mt tiu ch ca phn mm m ngun m. Qmail c chy trn cc h iu h nh ta Unix (Unix-like). So vi Sendmail, Qmail c b sung thm nhiu tnh nng, an to n, tin cy v hiu qu hn. Di y l bn so snh hai phn mm n y. MTA Sendmail Qmail chn chn Cao Trung bnh bo mt Thp Cao 30 Cc c tnh Cao Cao Kh nng thi h nh Thp Cao
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www.qmail.org
- s dng v pht trin phn mm Qmail chng ta c th truy cp a ch V c bit l bn qmail pht trin bi Dave Sill, c ti a ch www.lifewithqmail.org 3.4.3. Gii thiu Microsoft Exchange Server - Microsoft Exchang Server l phn mm mail Server c cng ty Microsoft pht trin. Chng trnh n y chy trn h iu h nh Windows. Song song vi s pht trin ca dong h iu h nh n y Microsoft Exchange server cng c ph cp v h tr tt. Cc version ca phn mm n y tuy c nhng tnh nng khc nhau nhng u cng c xy dng trn tiu ch c ng ng y c ng tng tin cy, bo mt v tnh ch li. 3.4.4. Gii thiu v MDaemon Server - L phn mm Mail Server tiu chun thng mi c pht trin bi cng ty phn mm Alt-N. MDaemon c pht trin trn h iu h nh Win/NT v c giao din s dng rt thn thin. MDaemon Server pht trin rt y cc tnh nng ca mt Mail Server. MDaemon Server hot ng rt hiu qu cho cc doanh nghip va v nh. Chng ta s tm hiu chi tit v phn mm n y trong cc chng tip theo ca gio trnh. - Thng tin ca phn mm n y c th tm thy ti a ch: http://www.altn.com/Default.asp 3.4.5. So snh cc phn mm mail server thng dng - Thng tin c ly t trong web ca Epions Inc, l mt h ng ma bn trc tuyn c uy tn ti m ( bn c th xem ti trang web http://www.epinions.com ) cc thng tin bnh chn ca khch h ng cho cc phn mm mail server. - y ta ch quan tm n mt s phn mm thng dng c s dng ph bin ti Vit Nam l MDaemon, Exchange Server, Eudora Internet Mail, Netscape Messaging Server. Trn hnh ta c th thy cc thng s so snh v kh nng qun l d d ng (Management Ease), h tr k thut (Technical Support), tin cy (Reliability) v quy m (Scalability). - Cn vi phn mm Sendmail v Qmail hot ng trn h iu h nh unix v linux c nhng u khuyt im sau: u im: - L phn mm m ngun m nn c phn phi, pht trin min ph. - Hot ng n nh v kh tin cy (c bit l Qmail). Nhc im: 31
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- Qun l khng d d ng (cn phi hiu su v h iu h nh v hot ng ca h iu h nh cng nh phn mm mail server). - Pht trin kh khn (do phi cn nhiu gi phn mm khc nhau kt ni vi nhau pht trin cc tnh nng khc nhau). - Do l phn mm m ngun m nn kh nng h tr k thut l khng cao.
Chng 4. Qun tr h thng th in t

4.1. Mc ch ca qun tr h thng - Ng y nay, th in t l mt cng c gip vic rt hiu qu chuyn ti tm t tnh cm ca con ngi cng nh trong kinh doanh. Ngo i ra tn min ca ca a ch th in t cng l mt thng hiu i din cho gi tr ca mt n v, t chc hot ng trong bt c lnh vc n o. Do vy nhu cu xy dng mt h thng th in t cho ring mnh l rt cn thit i vi mt t chc hay cc n v. - N cn cho php cc n v c th t mnh qun l h thng my ch th in t ca chnh mnh. iu ng ngha vi vic ch ng trong vic qun tr my ch th in t cng nh m bo an to n cao hn cho thng tin ca doanh nghip. Cc thng s cn thit thit lp Mail Server - Domain name phi ng k tn min cho my ch th in t. Nu my ch th qun l nhiu Domain name th cn phi ng k cc Domain name tng ng cho my ch th. - a ch IP ca DNS Server m Mail Server ca bn s truy vn: xc nh a ch IP ca my ch DNS. H thng Domain name c tc dng xc nh ng i ca mt bc th t ni gi n ni nhn. - h thng th in t c th hot ng c th Domain name ca h thng th trn h thng DNS phi c ch v my ch qun l th. L m th n o kt ni v o Internet gi v nhn th. - C hai phng php kt ni v o Internet gi v nhn th.
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+ Cch th nht l : my ch th kt ni trc tip thng qua Router/gateway v o mng Internet. Trong trng hp n y bn khng cn thm thng tin m ch c cp mt a ch IP tnh. + Cch th hai l : PC kt ni thng qua Modem v bn phi kt ni dial-up hoc ADSL v o mng. Trong trng hp n y th ca bn c lu trn mail geteway ca mt nh cung cp dch v v bn cn phi c thng tin ly th v, lc n y bn khng cn a ch IP tnh. - Thng thng nh cung cp dch v chuyn tt c th ca tn min ti account catch-all POP3 trn my ch th i 4.2.Cc cng vic cn thit qun tr h thng th in t - Thit lp cu hnh v cu trc ca dch v th in t my ch hot ng ti u v ph hp vi nng lc ca h thng, bng thng qua mng v dung lng ca a m bo hot ng n nh ca h thng. - Thit lp cc chnh sch v cc iu kin chng virut (anti-virut) v chng spam (anti-Spam). - Lu tr v khi phc li d liu v cu hnh ca h thng (backup/restore). - Nhn cc thng bo v tnh trng gi nhn th ca ngi dng, tr gip v tn cch gii quyt cc li ca h thng. - Xc nh v phn tch, phng chng cc li ca h thng v l m bo co ln cp trn. - Cng vic ca ngi qun tr my ch th in t l mt cng vic yu cu rt nhiu cng sc cng nh tr tu v c s kin tr. - c th qun l tt h thng my ch th in t th ngi qun tr phi hiu ht cu trc ca mng, ca h thng th in t v s hot ng, cu hnh ca my ch c th pht huy tt nht nng lc ca h thng. - Thit lp chnh sch hot ng ca h thng th nh chn cc th n theo a ch IP, a ch th hay mt t kho xc nh ngn chn cc th phn ng, ph hoi h thng spam th. - Bt c h thng n o u khng m 100% an to n v: khng ai c th m bo c th bit ht mi vn v h thng cng nh trnh ca hacker ng y c ng cao.ng thi cc thm ha gy ra do thin nhin cng nh con ngi l khng th lng ht c, do vic sao lu tr h thng c 33
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qun tr h thng.
th khi phc li mt cch nhanh nht h thng l mt yu cu quan trng vi ngi - Ging nh nhng bc th tay thng thng, yu cu ca mt bc l phi c chuyn t ngi gi n ngi nhn mt cch chnh xc. Do cng vic ca ngi qun tr th cn phi xc nh cc phn nh ca khch h ng v xc nh nguyn nhn gy li v tr gip khch h ng khi cn thit. - Xc nh v phn tch cc li c kh nng xy ra vi h thng tm cch gii quyt ng thi phi bo co cp trn ( i cc li ngo i kh nng x l ca ngi qun tr mng do s phi hp gii quyt l rt cn thit
Phn II
Thit lp v qun tr h thng Mdeamon

Chng 1. Chng trnh qun l th in t MDEAMON
1.1.Gii thiu v MDEAMON - Hin nay trn thi trng c rt nhiu phn mm cho php c i t v qun tr h thng th in t v chng u c tnh nng c bn l tng t nhau. Gio trnh n y chng ti gii thiu v phn mm qun tr th in t t MDEAMON. V cc l do sau: + MDEAMON l mt phn mm c giao din thn thin vi ngi dng ( s dng giao din ho) + Chy trn cc h iu h nh ca Microsoft m hin nay hu ht cc my tnh Vit Nam u s dng Microsoft. + C kh nng qun l h ng trn tn min v h ng nghn ngi dng ( ph thuc v o nhiu yu t nh dung lng ng truyn, phn cng ca server ti thiu l ) my tnh Pentum III 500 MHz. Internet Explorer 4.0. 512 MB b nh. Microsoft Windown 9x/ME/XP/NT/2000/2003. Kt ni TCP/IP vi mng Internet hoc Intranet. Dung lng a cng l 30 MB v tu thuc v o lng. khch m tng thm dung lng a. + C cung co nhiu cng c hu ch cho vic qun tr h thng cng nh m bo an to n cho h thng th in t nh: 34
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hoc t mt a ch xc nh.
Content filter: cho php chng Spam v khng cho php gi v nhn th n MDEAMON Virut Scan: Qut cc th i qua tm v dit virut email. LDAP: MDEAMON c h tr s dng th tc LDAP cho php cc my ch s dng chung c s d liu account. Domain Gateway: h tr cho php qun l th nh mt gateway sau chuyn v cho cc tn min tn ng. Mailing list: to cc nhm ngi dng. Public/shared folder: To th mc cho php mi ngi c quyn s dng chung d liu tring th mc. Domain POP: S dng POP ly th. WorldClient: Cho php ngi s dng c th qun l hp th ca mnh s dng web browser. Mdconf v WebAdmin cho php qun tr h thng th in t xa v web admin cho php qun tr trn web browser. Mdeamon: - L phn mm qun l th in t chy trn Windows v c thit k c th s dng t su account n h ng nghn account. Mdeamon rt n gin v d cu hnh, ng thi l phn mm c gi th nh rt hp l v c rt nhiu c tnh cho php d qun l so vi cc h thng th in t khc trn th trng. MDeamon c thit k trn tng s dng c kt ni dial-up ( khi a ch IP tnh khng th cung cp) v cc kt ni trc tip. AntiVirut cho MDeamon. -AntiVirut cho MDeamon c kt hp vi MDeamon gii quyt vn v cc th in t c mang Virut gi i v gi n my ch th trc khi chuyn n cho ngi s dng, c i t v cu hnh rt n gin ch cn mt thi gian ngn. n t ng cp nht d liu v Virut theo lch m bn c th t n cch khai bo khi nhn c Virut theo yu cu ngi qun tr khi pht hin ra Virut. 1.2 Cc thng tin cn thit khi c i t v cu hnh MDeamon. - Trc khi c i t MDeamon chng ta cn phi c nhng thng tin sau. + Domain Name: Nu bn khng chc chn th n chnh l phn ng sau du @ ca hp th ca bn.
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ca bn s l company.com.
V D: nu hp th ca bn ti cng ty l abc@company.com th domain name + a ch IP ca DNS server m Mail server ca bn truy vn ( bao gm primary DNS v secondary DNS IP ): Nu mt l do n o m bn khng bit a ch DNS bn c th bit bng cch bn bm v o Start ca Windown chon Run. G command hoc cmd v nh Enter. N s hin ch DOS command v bn nh lnh Ipconfig/all v bn s thy a ch IP ca DNS. L m th n o m ISP c th chuyn th ca bn ti bn. - C hai gii php l khi: Cch th nht l khi ISP thit lp Domain name ca bn th th s c chuyn thng ti my ch ca bn, trong trng hp n y bn khng cn phi s dng MDeamon DomainPOP. - Gii php th hai l khi ISP chuyn tt c th tn min ti account catch-all Pop trn my server th in t trung chuyn ch bn kt ni v o ly th. Trong trng hp n y bn s phi s dng MDeamon DomainPOP. V s dng chc nng n y th bn cn phi bit cc thng tin bn ly th: ISP POP3 server name hoc IP. POP3 account username. POP3 account password. MDeamon l m th n o kt ni v o Internet?. C hai phng cch . + Cch th nht l PC t ng kt ni trc tip thng qua router/geteway v o mng Internet. Trong trng hp n y bn khng cn thm thng tin. + Cch th hai l PC kt ni thng qua Modem v bn phi kt ni Dial-up v o mng. Trong trng hp n y bn cn phi c thm thng tin. Tn ca Dial-Up kt ni PC v o mng. Username s dng kt ni. Password s dng kt ni. a ch IP ca MDeamon PC trong mng ni b. - Tt c cc thng tin trn th cn c bit trc khi c i v s dng my ch th in t v chnh l cc thng tin c bn cn thit. 1.2.1.C i t MDeamon PC trong mng ni b Cc bc c i t MDeamon. - Ti m n hnh Windown m ca s MyComoputer chn v o th mc cha phn mm MDeamon v bm kp chut bn bt u c i t. 36
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- ng k thng tin: ti y bn ch n gin l in tn v c qua ca bn v o v bm v o Next, nu bn c kho ng k (Registration key) th bn in v o y, cn nu khng bn c i ch c tc dng trong vng 30 ng y t ng y c i. - Chn cc th nh phn c i t: chn tt c cc th nh phn v bm Next tip tc cho n khi c i ho n chnh v n m n hnh yi cu DNS Configuration . - Sn s ng c i t ( Ready to install ): khng c la chn y bn tip tc bm Next. - Domain name ca mail server? (what is your domain name? ) ti ay bn in tn min ca bn v tip tc bn Next. - in account u tin ( Please setup your first account ): in thng s account ca ngi s qun l MDeamon server, n s l postmater - Cu hnh DNS ( DNS configuration ): bn la chn User Windown DNS setting s dng chnh DNS ca Windown, nhng bn cng nn in a ch IP ca cc my DNS server. - Thit lp ch l m vic ( Please setup your operation mode ): nn chn ch Advanced mode thit lp cho my ch. N rt d d ng chuyn i ch . - Thit lp ch ca h thng : chn ch chy As service th MDeamon s hot ng ch background trn my ch khi ngi qun tr khng login v o h thng. N rt quan trng bi v MDeamon server s cn hot ng 24/24 cc ngi dng c th truy nhp gi nhn th. 1.2.2. C i t cu hnh cho MDeamon Server - Sau khi c i t song MDeamon s t ng chy v thu nh biu tng ti thanh menu di ca Windown. - Truy nhp MDeamon server n gin ch vic bm hai l m lin tip v o biu tng ca MDeamon. - To account cho MDeamon cho php bn c th gi v nhn th trn Internet vi account va to c. Mt s iu ch c bn c th gy ra li trong khi c i. - Ti MDeamon Server. Kim tra xem in ng Primary Domain ti menu Setup kim tra xem in ti :Primary Domain v HELO domain in chnh xc ging nh phn sau ca k t @ ca a ch th in t m bn mun thit lp. - Nu s dng Dial-Up th s dng Mode v t MDeamon quay thoi t ng. H y kim tra kt ni, user name, password c chnh xc khng. C th v o kim tra li ti phn menu Setup chn RAS dailup/diadown engine 37
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- Nu s dng DomainPOP ly th v th kim tra in ng POP3 Server v accuont ti POP3 Server chnh xc cha. c th v o Domain mail collection from ti meun setup kim tra. - Cui cng nu ti Client PC c vn v truy nhp v o MDeamon server ly v gi th kim tra a ch IP hoc tn ca server POP3 v SMTP in ng cha. V cng phi kim tra li account v passwordswr dng c ng khng. 1.2.3.C i t MDeamon Antivirut - y l phn mm i km vi phn mm MDeamon. MDeamon c i t v s dng rt d d ng nhng phi ch rng MDeamon Antivirut th c c i trn MDeamon Server. - Sau khi c i MDeamon Antivirut th n s chay t ng vi MDeamon. - Khi bt u chy ln u tin n s t ng cp nht c s d liu mi nht v virus. Nhng ta nn thit lp cho php MDeamon Antivirut thng xuyn cp nht d liu v virut. Bm p v o biu tng Mdeamon Antivirus n s m mt ca s cho php thit lp thi gian cp nhp Virus. 1.3.Cu hnh Domain chnh cho h thng(Primary Domain Configurtion) - thit lp cu hnh cho my ch th in t v o menu Setup >Primary domain v thit lp cc thng s cho tn min ca my ch th in t. Primary domain l gi tr mc nh ca cu hnh my ch s dng gi v nhn th. Ch cn primary domain c c i l cho my ch th hot ng, nhng MDeamon c b sung thm tnh nng cho php qun l nhiu tn min v l m nhiu gateway cho nhiu tn min. Son tho Domain Configuration bao gm cc phn sau: - Domain/ISP: phn n y cha tn ca Primary domain v a ch ca my ch th. ng thi n c kh nng thit lp MDeamon s chuyn th n mt ISP hoc mt Mail Gateway trc khi chuyn n ngi dng. - Ports: thit lp cc cng dch v s dng cho SMTP v POP m MDeamon s s dng thay cho cc cng mc nh. ng thi y cng c th thit lp cho cng ca IMAP v cng UDP s dng cho truy vn DNS server. Tt nht nn s dng cc gi tr mc nh v l cc gi tr chun m tt c cc th in t s dng gi v nhn th, ch cc trng hp c bit hoc phc v cho mc ch c bit n o th mi ln thay i.
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- DNS: thit lp a ch IP ca DNS chnh v DNS d phng cho php MDeamon truy vn xc nh tn min gi th. N cng bao gm cc thng s xc nh cc bn ghi MX v A ca tn min v bin php x l khi tin trnh SMTP b li. - Timers: thit lp gii hn m MDeamon s dng kt ni n cc my ch th gi v nhn th v thi gian thit lp cc th tc gi nhn, thi gian truy vn DNS .v.v. V ng thi cng c gii hn ti a cho php trung chuyn my ch th m mt bc th c php trnh hin tng th chy vng. - Sessions : thit lp s lng cc tin trnh m MDeamon s dng gi v nhn th ( STMP, POP v IMAP ) ti mt thi im. ng thi n cng thit lp s lng th m MDeamon s gi v nhn ng thi. - Archival :iu khin cho php lu cc th c gi ra ra hoc v o MDeamon server. Cng c th thit lp lu c th ca mailing list v multiPOP. -Pruning :xc nh thi gian ti a m account tn ti trn h thng m khng hot ng. Nu thi gian s b xo v ng thi n cng thit lp thi gian gii hn cho cc bc th c lu trn h thng. - Directories: Thit lp ng dn n th mc m MDeamon s s dng lu cc th chun b gi i v nhn v ( Remote v Local queues ). - POP Check: m bo an to n. Nhiu ISP yu cu khch h ng phi login v o hp th bng POP trc khi c php gi hoc nhn th t my ch th ca nh cung cp dch v. - Unknown Local Mail: Cc thit lp y cho php MDeamon xc nh phi l m g vi cc th ng vi tn min m n qun l nh khng bit hoc khng xc nh c hp th ca ngi dng 1.3.1.Domain/ISP: Primary Domain Properties: - Domain name : in tn min v o y. N l gi tr mc nh ca tn min khi to cc account mi. V d: Mycompany.com - HELO domain: L tn min c s dng khi SMTP gi lnh HELO/EHLO bt u tin trnh bt tay gi th. Thng s dng gi tr ca Domain name. 39
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- Machine name: S l tn c in v o header ca th khi nhn. Khi bn s dng nhiu hn mt server ( V d nh backup server ) th n s kh xc nh ng i ca th. Do in tn v o header ca th d d ng trong vic xc nh ng i ca th v tn li. Nu khng in thng tin v o y th MDeamon s s dng phn in ti domain name - Domain IP:N chnh l a ch IP ca tn min ch n - Bind listening sockets to this IP only: La chon n y cho php MDeamon ch s dng a ch IP c in ti domain IP thc hin dch v th in t. ISP or Smart Host Properties. - IP or smart hosts IP or domain name: Tn ca my ch th ca ISP hoc a ch IP ca SMTP server cho php trung chuyn (relay) th qua. - Send every outbound email message to this host: La chn nu bn mun tt c cc th gi i u phi qua mt Gateway server trc khi chuyn a ch ca cc my ch th trung chuyn c in trong IP or smart hosts IP or domain name . Gi tr n y rt hu dng s dng gii quyt tnh trng khi lng ln nh th i c th chim dung lng ln th gi i c th chim dung lng ht ngun t i nguyn my ch. - Send only undeliverable outbound mail to this host: La chn nu bn mun chuyn cc th m khng chuyn i c n my ch th in trong ISPor smart hosts IP or domain name - Attempt to send all mail direct without using an intermediate host: chn khi mun c gng chuyn trc tip tt c th m khng s dng trung chuyn MDeamon s t cc th khng gi i c v o Retry c gng chuyn th theo cc thng s c c i t trong Retry Configuration. - My ISP requires me to log in befor sending mail: an to n, trnh cc ngi dng khng c php trung chuyn th qua my ch th th mt s ISP yu cu khch h ng phi trao i account v password (xc thc) qua ESMTPAUTH hoc s dng POP trc khi gi th (POP befor SMTP). - Retry queue settings : Cho php thit lp cu hnh cho MDeamon chuyn cc th m khng chuyn c tc thi. ng thi thit lp thi gian v chu trnh chuyn th v phng cch x l khi th khng th chuyn i c. nh 4.2 Retry Frequency. 40
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- Keep message in the primary queue for at least XX minutes: Thit lp n y xc nh khon thi gian ca th lu trong Primary queue, trc khi c xo b v chuyn v o Retry queue. Primary queue s c gng chuyn th nhanh v lin tc hn retry queue. - Retry ending undeliverable mail once every XX minutes: Khon thi gian gi hn m Retry queue s c gng gi th i. - Inform the sender when message is placed in retry queue: Khi th c chuyn n Retry queue th ngi gi s nhn c thng bo th b chuyn sang retry queue. - Inform the sender when message is placed in retry queue: khi th c chuyn ti retry queue th ngi gi s nhn c thng bo th chuyn s n Retry queue. - Inform the sender when subseauent deliverry attempts fail: Nu c gng gi th ca retry queue khng th nh cng th mi ln gi MDeamon s gi thng tin thng bo cho ngi gi. Ultimate Fate of Undeliverable Mail. - If a message is still undeliverable after XX days then: Xc nh s ng y m th s trong retry queue trc khi xo. - Place the Undeliverable message in the bad message queue: Khi th trong retry queue vt qu s ng y xc nh ti If A Message Is Still Undeliverable After xx Days Then, th th s b xo v chuyn mt bn v o th mc cha cc th li ( Bad Message directory ). - Infor the sender that the message could not be delivered: khi th khng gi c i. MDeamon s gi mt thng bo n ngi gi rng th khng gi c v b xo. - Inform the postmaster that message could not be delivered: Nu chn th s thng bo cho Postmaster khi th chc chn khng gi i c. 1.3.2.Ports SMTP/ODMR server ports. - Listen for inbuond SMTP events on the TCP port: MDeamon s dng cng n y SMTP nhn th.
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- Create outbound SMTP events using this TCP port: MDeamon s dng cng n y SMTP gi th n Mail server khc. POP/IMAP server ports ( IMAP ch c vi bn MDeamon Pro ) - Listen for inbound POP events on this TCP port: MDeamon s dng cng n y cho kt ni POP n th clients ly th. - Create outbound POP events using this TCP port: Cng n y s s dng khi MDeamon nhn th t mt POP3 server. - Listen for inbound IMAP events on this TCP port: MDeamon s dng cng n y cho kt ni IMAP ca client ly th. DNS/LDAP/Webadmin/MDConfig server ports - Query DNS server using this UDP prot : Cng m MDeamon s dng truy vn DNS server . - LDAP port for database & address book posting: MDeamon s s dng cng n y kt ni n LDAP server . - Listen for MDConfig connection on this TCP port: MDeamon s dng cng n y kt ni vi WebAdmin - Return port setting to defaults: Nt n y cho php chuyn tt c cc gi tr cng trn v gii tr mc nh. - Bind to new port values now: Khi bn thay i bt c gi tr n o trn bn cn bm nt n y gi tr hiu lc. 1.3.3.DNS DNS Server Settings - Try to use DNS server defined in windowns TCP/IP settings: la chn cho php MDeamon server ly a ch DNS thit lp h thng h iu h nh Windown s dng cho MDeamon truy vn DNS. - Primary DNS server IP address: a ch IP ca DNS server MDeamon truy vn cc bn ghi in t. - Backup DNS server IP address: a ch IP ca DNS server s dng d phng cho trng hp Primary DNS c s c. 42
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- Retry failed lookup attempts this many times: Nu v mt l do n o m truy vn n DNS li th MDeamon s thc hin mt s ln thit lp y. Nu bn c in DNS d phng th c hai server s c thc hn. MX Record Processing - Query DNS server for MX Records when delivering mail: La chn hp iu khin n y nu bn mun MDeamon truy vn bn ghi MX khi chuyn th. - Use A record IP address found within MX record packets: La chn hp iu khin n y khi s dng c bn ghi A cho truy vn th in t. - Abort delivery if MX return 5XX after RCPT command: Bnh thng MDeamon s lin tc chuyn th n cc server ca bn ghi MX. Khi nhn c m phn hi 5XX ca lnh RCPT trong kt ni SMTP th c gng gi th n y s b hu b. - Immediately return mail when DNS says domain dose not exist: Nu la chn n y c chn th MDeamon s ngay lp tc gi phn hi n ngi gi khi DNS nhn c thng bo Domain dose not exist. N s gn chn s khng cn thit chuyn cc th trong Retry queue. Local lookup tables - Hosts file: Trc khi truy vn DNS, MDeamon trc tin s ly a ch x l t HOSTS file ca Windown trc xc nh a ch ni s kt ni n gi th. Nu HOSTS file c cha a ch IP ca Domain cn truy vn th MDeamon s khng cn phi truy vn DNS server - Edit MXCACHE file: MDeamon c mt file MXCACHE.DAT ti th mc ../APP/.file lu gi cc truy vn ca DNS s dng li. N cho php try vn DNS hot ng nhanh hn. Bm v o nt n y xem v sa file MXCACHE.DAT. - Edit hosts file: Bm v o nt n y xem v s file HOSTS 1.3.4.Timers Event Timers ( IMAP option available in Pro version only ) - Wait XX seconds for protocol dialog to start before giving up: Khi kt ni c thit lp vi remote host, trong khong thi gian thit lp MDeamon s i cho remote host trao i th tc SMTP hoc POP3. Nu u remote host khng bt u 43
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trao i th tc trong khong thi gian c thit lp th MDeamon s chuyn th ti gateway hoc retry queue tu thuc v o la chn ti Domain/ISP. - Wait XX second for MX DNS server reponses: l khong thi gian cho php MDeamon s i truy vn cho bn ghi MX ti DNS. Nu DNS khng tr li trong khon thi gian th MDeamon s chuyn th ti a ch IP khai bo bn ghi A. Nu vn khng c th n s chuyn tip ti gateway host hoc retry queue ph thuc v o la chn ti Domain/ISP. - Wait XX second for A-record DNS server reponses: Tng t nh vi bn ghi MX nh l vi bn ghi A. - SMTP and POP sessions timeuot after XX inactive minutes: Mt kt ni SMTP v POP s t ng kt thc nu khng c giao dch qua li gia hai bn trong khon thi gian xc nh. - IMAP sessions timeout after XX inactive minutes: Kt ni IMAP s t ng kt thc hot ng nu khng c giao dch qua li gia hai bn trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. - IMAP NOOP and IDLE command trigger 1 minute inactivity timcout: la chn n y cho php nu IMAP khng thc hn giao dch th ch sau mt pht s hu b khi c gi cc lnh NOOP hoc IDLE. Mt s IMAP client s gi lnh NOOP n gin ch l gi kt ni vn tn ti d khng c mt giao dch thc s n o ang hot ng. La chon n y cho php trnh cc kt ni nh vy v n cng gip phn l m gim bt tiu tn t i nguyn ca server. c bit l cho cc mail server c s dng nhiu IMAP. Loop Detection and Control - Maximum message hop count (1-100): Theo tiu chun RFC khi th trung chuyn qua mt server th n phi c gn thm phn header v o th. V la chn n y cho php mail server trnh c hin tng cc th b gi i gi li quay vng dn n l ng ph t i nguyn bng cch m s ln gi. Nu qu trnh vt qu gi tr chn th th c chuyn v o th mc bad message. Latency - Latency-XX milliseconds: Khon thi gian tr gia cc lnh cu c th tc POP/SMTP/IMAP. N rt hu dng trnh tnh trng qu trnh x l ti u mail server nhanh hn kh nng x l ca u client. 1.3.5.Sessions
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SMTP
- Maximum concurrent SMTP uotbound sessions: Gi tr c in y l s lng ln nht c th gi i bng SMTP trong mt ln gi. Mi tin trnh s gi ra n khi ht th trong queue hoc l n lng ln nht c xc nh trong max SMTP outbound message spooled per session V d: nu s th gi ra cn trong queue l 20 v gi tr c thit lp l 5 th ng thi s c 5 tin trnh cng thc hin v mi tin trnh gi i 4 th. -Maximum SMTP outbound message spooled per session: S lng ln ca th gi trong mt tin trnh trc khi dng v gii phng khi b nh. Thng nn t l 0 tin trnh lin tc gi th n khi queue trng. - Maximum concurrent SMTP inbound sessions: S lng ng thi ca tin trnh SMTP gi n c chp nhn ng thi trc khi phn hi Server too busy POP/IMAP ( IMAP option available in pro version only) - Maximum concurrent POP outbound sessions: Gi tr ln nht ca cc tin trnh POP m MDeamon c kh nng to ly th v bng DomainPOP v MultiPOP. Mi tin trnh s ly th v cho n khi tt c cc kt ni ca DomainPOP v MultiPOP ho n th nh v tt c th c ly v. V d: Bn cn phi c 15 kt ni MultiPOP ly th cho ngi dng v gi tr dy c t l 3. th ng thi bn phi to c 3 tin trnh v mi tin trnh s ln lt ly th t 5 ngun MultiPOP. - Maximum concurrent POP/IMAP inbound sessions : Gi tr ln nht ng thi m client c th kt ni n bng POP v IMAP m MDeamon cho php trc khi tr li server too busy. 1.3.6.Archival Archive a copy all inbound/outbound mail. - La chn cho php bt tnh nng archival. Archival c tc dng to thm mt bn ca cc th gi v o hoc ra MDeamon Server ri chuyn ti a ch xc nh in hp iu khin send a 45
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copy of every inbound/outbound message to these address - Send a copy every inbound/outbound message to addresses: in mt hoc nhiu a ch th m mun gi ti khi cc th chuyn qua MDeamon ( cc a ch cch nhau bi du phy) - Include MDeamon mailing list message inbound the archive also: la chn cho php Achivel c tc dng vi c th ca Mailing list. - Inchide multiPOP collected mail inbound the archive also: La chn cho php Achivel c tc dng vi c cc th c ly v thng qua MultiPOP. - Lable archive message with (archive copy) inbound message subject: la chn cho php biu din (Archive Copy) v o phn Subject ca cc bn th archivel. 13.7.Pruning - Bng iu khin n y cho php thit lp cho cc account lu khng c s dng hoc cc th lu li lu trong hp th. H ng ng y v o na m MDeamon s xo cc th v cc account ht hn quy nh. Cng c bng iu khin tng t thit lp cho cc domain khc m MDeamon qun l v n nm trong phn Secondary Domains. Account and Old Mail Pruning - Automacally delete account if inactive for XX days ( 0= never ): Thit lp s ng y m bn mun account thuc Domain khi khng hot ng s b xo. Gi tr 0 trong hp iu khin ngha l cc account s khng bao gi b xo d n khng hot ng trong thi gian bao lu. - Delete message older than XX days ( 0= never): Thit lp s ng y c php m th nm trong hp th ca ngi s dng trc khi b xo. Gi tr 0 ngha l th khng bao gi b xo d n nm trong hp th ca ngi s dng bao lu. - Delete deleted IMAP message than XX days (0=never): Thit lp s ng y m IMAP message thit lp cnh bo xo s b xo khi hp th ca ngi s dng gi tr 0 ngha l th s khng b xo d thi gian l bao lu. - Delete old message from IMAP folders as well: la chn cho php thit lp Delete message older than Cng c tc dng vi cc th trong th mc IMAP.
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lu. 1.3.8.Directories Directories.
Khng la chn th th mc IMAP s khng xo d thi gian trong th mc l bao
- RAW formatted mail is picked up from this directory: in th mc m MDeamon cha cc th n c dng RAW. Th mc n y s c qut mi ln tin trnh x l cho cc th dng RAW, sau Server chuyn th th nh dng FRC-822 v chuyn ti ngi nhn. - Bad message are placed here: in th mc m cc th li s c lu. Th li l cc th khng xc nh c ngi nhn v cc th c kh nng gy ra li h thng th (virut, spam) - When collecting inbound mail were files should be stored here: l th mc m MDeamon s cha cc th nhn v trc khi chuyn cho ngi nhn. Th mc n y ch s dng trong khi tin trnh SMTP ang thc hin. - RFC- 822 compliant remote message queue: iu khin th mc m Mdeamon s dng cho th i trc khi gi i. Th mc n y s ch cha cc th c nh dng theo tiu chun RFC-822 v i n lt chuyn ra ngo i Internet hoc mail gateway. - RFC 822 compliant local message queue : in th mc m MDeamon s dng cc th i gi cho cc ngi dng m chnh n qun l ( local mai). Th mc n y ch cha cc th c nh dng theo tiu chun RFC-822 v i chuyn hp th ti server. - Mailing list digests are stored here while waiting to be queued: in th mc m MDeamon s dng cha cc th Digest i chuyn i. - Mailing list digests are archived:in th mc m MDeamon dng cha Archive digests. - Log transcript files are stored here: in th mc cha cc log ( logfile ghi li tin trnh gi nhn th v s kin vi h thng ) 1.3.9.POP Check POP Before SMTP - Perform a POP check befor sending waiting mail: La chn cho php yu cu phi kim tra POP trc khi c php gi hoc nhn th.
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n.
-Host name or IP address : in tn ca host hoc a ch IP m mun kt ni - POP login: in login hoc account . - POP passwork: in mt khu. 1.3.10.Unknown Mail What To Domain Whith Mail For Unknown Local Users. - Route message back to sender: La chn cho php cc th n Server m khng xc nh c ngi nhn s gi ngc li cho ngi gi. - Send message to the Postmaster user: La chn cho php cc th m n server m khng xc nh c ngi gi cho Postmater. - Place message in bad message directory: La chn cho php cc th n Server m khng xc nh ngi nhn s chuyn n th mc th li ( bad message ). Advanced Option - Enable advanced options: La chn m cc thit lp cp cao hn cho cc th khng xc nh c ni nhn. - Send the message to this host: Cc th m khng xc nh c ngi nhn s c chuyn ti Server c in ti y. - Use this address in SMTPenvelope: a ch n y s c in v o phn SMTP Mail From ca th khi gi ra. Use this TCP port: MDeamon s gi th qua cng TCP xc nh y ch khng phi l cng mc nh ca SMTP.
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Chng 2. Qun tr h thng MDEAMON

2.1.To, sa cha v qun l cc t i khon ngi dng Secondary Domain Editor - c th s dng nhiu a ch domain trn mt host, ta phi khai domain name v a ch IP. a ch IP c th l a ch host hoc l a ch khc Secondary Domain List - Ca s chu danh sch cc domain c qun l trn server. N bao gm cc ct Domain name, a ch IP ca Domain, bind ( xc nh a ch IP c cung cp dch v ) v mt s ct hin th trng thi khc. danh sch c th sp xp la chn tng dn hoc gim i dn theo tng ct ch n gin l bm phn tn ca mi ct. Domain name: in Domain name m Server c php qun l. IP address : in a ch IP tng ng vi Domain c php qun l hoc sa thng s ca domain c sn. Bind sockets to this IP only: Mun s dng secondary Domain cung cp dch v trn a IP in ti IP address 0. Add: Thm v o danh sch secondary domain vi a ch IP tng ng. Replace: Chn mt domain trn danh sch v thay i v bm nt b y thay th. Remove: Xo la chn trn danh sch secondary domain. 49
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cho cc Account.
Account and Old Mail Pruning: Gm c ba la chn iu khin thit lp 2.2.S dng Account Editor to v sa account Account Editor cha cc thng s thit lp account cho MDeamon. N cho php to cc account mi v sa cc account to. Khi to mt account mi, th ta c th s dng cc thng s mc nh hoc thit lp cc th s ca account theo . 2.2.1.Son account (Account Editor) Ti menu ca MDeamon v o Account->new Account. Ti Account Editor in: - Full name: H tn ca ngi s dng; V d: V Vn Vinh ( Tn khng cha k t ! hoc |) - Mailbox name: in Account m ngi dng s dng truy nhp v chn tn min tng ng vi V d account l vcd v tn min l company.mail th lc n y ta c a ch y l vdc@company.mail. - Chn Allow this account to be accessed with POP/IMAP mail client cho php ngi dng s dng POP/IMAP client truy nhp ly th. - Ti Account Password: in mt khu ca ngi s dng account sau khi bm v o nt OK ta c mt account th in t c th gi v nhn th. 2.2.2.Chuyn th n a khc (Forwarding) - Chn This account is currently forwarding mail kch hot chuyn th gi n account. - Ti phn Forwarding address in a ch th m ta mun chuyn n. V d: chuyn tva@vcd.com.vn ti vuvanvinh@yahoo.com. - Bm Ok thc hin chuyn th. 50 account.
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2.2.3.Cc tu chn (Option)
- Hide account from calendar EVERYONE list and VRFY results : MDeamon t ng duy tr mt mailling list c tn l MasterEveryone@primary-domain.com bao gm tt c cc th nh vin c account thuc quyn MDeamon qun l. - Store mail message inan encryted state:La chn cho php MDeamon s cha cc th ca account di dng m ho. Cc th khng th c trc tip nu trng thi n y v n l cng c tt bo v b mt MDeamon s gii m khi chuyn th thng qua POP. - Allow changes to account settings via email message: La chon cho php thay i thng s ca account thng qua mt th c dng c bit gi n. V D: i mt khu hoc th mc cha th. - Account can modify the public address book: La chn cho php account c th thm hoc xo cc bn ghi t WorldClient hoc danh sch LDAP. 2.2.4.Thit lp qun qun tr (Admin) Administrator This account is a Global Administrator: La chn n y cho php trao quyn qun tr cho ngi dng. Quyn b y bao gm. + y quyn truy nhp v o cu hnh cho server, tt c account v domain thng qua Webadmin. + Truy nhp v o tt c MDeamon account ca cc domain m MDeamon qun l. + C kh nng gi v o tt c cc mailling list thm ch c khi list thit lp ch c. 51
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th nh vin ca list.
+ C kh nng gi v o tt c cc mailling list thm ch thm ch khng phi l - This account is a Domain Administrator: La chn n y cho php ngi dng c quyn qun tr domain. Quyn ca n tn t nh Global Administrator nhng ch trong phm vi vi domain m n qun l. 2.2.5.Gii hn dung lng (Quotas) Quotas Option - This account must o bserve these quotas settng: y ta thit lp s dung lng ln nht th c php nhn. Account and Old Mail Pruning Cc iu khin n y c thit lp iu khn xo account khi khng hot ng. Nu khng thit lp th n s s dng cc thit lp mc nh c thit lp. - Use defaults for this domain: La chn cho php bn s dng gi tr mc nh ti Primary Domain Configuration hoc Secondary tu thuc v o Domain ca account. - Automatically delete account if inactive for XX days(0=never): thip lp s lng ng y m bn mun, nu account khng hot ng n s b xo. Gi tr 0 c ngha l account khng bao gi b xo d n khng hot ng bao lu. - Delete message older than XX days (0=never): Thit lp s ng y m th c th lu gi trong hp th ca account, nu vt qu n s b xo t ng bi MDeamon. Gi tr 0 c ngha l th s khng bao gii b xo d nm trong hp th bao nu. - Delete deleted IMAP message older than XX days (0=never): Thit lp s ng y m bn cho php IMAP message c nh du xo c tn ti trong hp th ca ngi dng. - Delete old message from IMAP folders as well: La chon cho php thit lp trong Delete message older than.. c hiu lc vi cc th mcIMAP. Nu khng chn th mc n y th trong th mc IMAP khng b xo d thi gian l bao nu. 2.2.6. Hn ch gi nhn th (Retrictions) 52
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Tnh nng n y cho php hn ch s dng account, nh hn ch ch cho php gi n hoc nhn v vi cc account thuc MDeamon qun l. - Chn This account cant receive message from the outside world kch hot ch gi n account. + Phn except if from one of these addresses danh sch cc a ch c gi ti account. + im a ch m mun nhn v o new address v bm Add in v o danh sch trn. + Phn Message from unauthorized sources should be cho php la chn cc h nh ng vi cc bc th gi n nh account khng c php nhn Refused: T chi nhn. Returned to sender: Gi tr li ngi nhn. Send to postmater:Gi cho postmaster - Chn This account cant send message to the outside world kch hot hn ch account gi ra ngo i. 2.2.7.Xem th bng Web (Web) Web-based Mail Access - Account can access email via WorldClient: La chn cho php account c th truy nhp v o bng WorldClient Server, account c th duyt th bng web browser. Web-based Remote Configuration Permissions - Account can modify its own setting via the WebAdmin: La chn cho php ngi dng c thay i cc thng s ca chnh n qua WebAdmin. N s c php thay i cc thng s la chn sau. + Edit real name: La chn cho php ngi dng c th thay i tn. +Edit password: La chn cho php ngi dng c th thay i mt khu.
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th.
+ Edit mail directory location: La chn cho php thay i th mc ca hp
2.3.Qun l v sa MDeamon Account 2.3.1.Qun l Account (Account Manager) -Account manager l thm, xo, sa i account. - Show only Account from this Domain : Chn All Domain hin th tt c cc danh sch MDeamon Account. - New: Bm nt n y m Account Editor to Account mi. - Edit: La chon Account t danh sch sau bm v o nt Edit sa i. - Delete: La chn Account t danh sch sau bm v o nt n y xo n. 2.3.2.New Account Defaults - Account mc nh cha rt nhiu thit lp iu khin v cc chui iu khin. - Mailbox: Thit lp gi tr mc nh cho Account thng s dng cc template vi cc macro cho php thit lp mt cch linh hot. -Passwork: thit lp gi tr mc nh cho mt khu POP cho cc Account mi. - Mail directory: Thit lp gi tr mc nh to ng dn n hp th cho mt Account mi. 2.4.Cc tnh nng nng cao ca MDeamon 2.4.1.Qun l t xa bng Webadmin v MDConfig Remote configuration - Enable MDConfig remote configuration engine: la chn n y cho php kt ni cu hnh t cch tt nht qun l account cho php tm ,
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th nh cng.
xa. Nu khng chn th PC x dng MDConfig kt ni MDeamon Server s khng th - Enable WebAdmin remote configuration engine: la chn cho php MDeamon x dng WebAdmin Server. - Stop WebAdmin when MDeamon stops: la chn n y cho php Web Admin s ngng hot ng khi MDeamon Server dng hot ng. Nu khng WebAdmin vn hot ng ngm m khng quan tm n trng thi hot ng ca MDeamon Server. - Administrator: MDConfig c adminstrator v passwork tng ng c quyn qun tr t xa. - Password: c s dng vi adminstrator login c quyn qun tr t xa. 2.4.2.Thit lp v s dng WorldClient Server - WorldClient l gii php cho php EmailClient s dng WebBrowser duyt th - WorldClient l gii php rt tin li cho ngi s dng - WorldClient cn cung cp nhiu cng c ngi dng t qun tr hp th ca mnh Thit lp WorldClient - ChnEnable WorldClient Server kch hot World Client - Chon tiRun World Client Server using this TCP port chn cng 3333 - Bm ntRestart World Client thc hin thay i cng s dng World Client 2.4.3. S dng th tc LDAP MDeamon cung cp kh nng dng th tc LDAP( Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) lu tr truy vn c s d liu v ngi s dng LDaemon nh Phn iu khin LDAP Server s khng c nu nh LDaemon cha c c i t LDaemon LDAP Server Properties - Start & Stop LDaemon When MDeamon Start & Stop: la chn nu bn mun LDaemon LDAP Server chy khi MDeamon khi ng v dng MDeamon. - LDaemon Command (Optional):Nu bn mun s dng cu lnh iu khin cho LDaemon bn c th g ti y
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lnh cho LDaemon
- Edit LDaemon configuration file: Bm v o y nu bn mun sa cha cu - Stop & Restar LDaemon : Sau khi thay i cho LDaemon bm v o y dng v bt u li LDAP Server kch hot s thay i. - LDaemon logging/Debuging Options: thay i li ch ghi Log file v tm li. kch hot bn cn phi Stop & Restar li sau khi thay i 2.4.4.Cc gii php an to n cho Mail Server + Spam Blocker. - Sapm Blocker s dng ngn chn hu ht spam th n Server ca bn. tnh nng n y cho php bn s dng ORDB v MAPS RBL host, kim tra mi khi c th n Server nu a ch gi n a ch thuc a ch IP trong blacklist ca cc host trn th s b t chi hoc thit lp c cnh bo. Spam Blocker Engine - Enable Spam Blocker engine: Bt chc nng ngn chn spam (spam blocker) - Flag message from blacklisted sites but go ahead and accept them: khi la chn n y cho php, MDeamon s khng t chi nhn cc th t cc a ch c trong blacklist, nhng cc th s c in thm cnh bo. - Automatically filter spam message into users IMAP spam folder: La chn cho php cc account mi to s c to mt th mc. - Auto-generating a Spam Folder and Rule for Each Account: MDeamon c th t ng to th mc Inbox\Spam Cho IMAP mail ca cc account v in quy nh chuyn th sang th mc khi tm thy cnh bo. - Check Received headers within SMTP collected message: cho php bt v kim tra SpamBlocker kim tra a ch IP c in trong phn Receivedca th khi gi qua SMTP. - Check only this many Received headers (0=all): s lng ca Received headers m mun Spam Blocker kim tra bt u vi a u. Gi tr 0 ngha l tt c Received s c kim tra.
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- Skip this many of the oldest Received headers (0=none) s la chn n y nu mun Spam blocker b qua mt hoc mt v i Received header khi kim tra th. + Spam Filter - Spam Filter gip MDeamon tng kh nng chng Spam. Spam Filter kt hp vi cc k thut mi kim tra cc th tnh ton c ph l Spam trn mt k thut phc tp t a ra cc quyt nh nh loi b th hoc in cac cch bo. - Bng cch kim tra h ng nghn cc spam th a ra cc quy lut ca Spam v t thit lp cc quy tc cho Spam filter chng spam - If a message is determined to be Spam then:Spam Filter s hot ng theo cc la chn di nu s th spam ln hn s xc nh trong phn Heuristics - bounce the message back to sender: lachon n y cho php gi th tr li ngi gi. Nhng spam thng l nh la a ch gi i do cc th khng chuyn i c. -Just delete the message completely la chn n y n gin l xo cc th m s lng ln hn cho php. - Flag the message but let it continue down the delivery path: la chon cho php gi th n ni d nh nhn v thit lp c cnh bo spam v in v o header. -Dont filter message sent from local sources: La chon cho php ngi dng ca chnh h thng s khng b kim tra bi spam filterring. - Dont filter message from trusted or authenticated sources: La chn cho php cc th gi t cc Domain tin tng hoc ngi gi xc thc s khng phi qua spam filtering. + Address Suppression Currently Suppressed Address Ca s hin danh sch cc a ch b chn.
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NewSuppressed Entry
- Domain name: chn Domain name s c in v o danh sch kim tra. - Email Address: in a ch th mun ngn chn ng vi Domain in trn. Option - Refuse to accept mail duringSMTP session: la chn cho php cc th t a ch ngn chn gi n a ch Domain cho php s b t chi trong khi thit lp SMTP. - Inform sender when their mail is rejected: Nu la chn, s c mt th lch s ti a ch ngi gi rng th gi n b xo bi v khng cho php. Thit lp n y trn tng Domain. + SMTP Authentication Authenticated senders are valid regardless of the IP they are using: la chon cho php IP shield s khng c s dng vi ngi dng s dng xc thc. - Auhenticated users are exempt from the POP before SMTP requirement: La chn cho php nhng ngi dng s dng POP trc khi s dng SMTP gi th s khng cn kim tra trc khi gi th. - Authentication is always required when mail is from local account: La chn bt buc khi mt ngi gi th m th t mmt trong cc Domain m MDeamon ang qun l account ca ngi dng phi c xc thc trc khi gi. - MAIL FROM Postmaster: requires an authenticated session: la chn yu cu postmaster account phi xc thc trc khi MDeamon chp nhn gi th ca postmaster. - Authentication credentials must match those of the email sender: La chn n y nu bn mun nhng ngi dng xc thc gi th th ch s dng quyn xc thc ca chnh h, bng cch s dng Account v mt khu phi i km theo trong SMTP MAIL. - Global AUTH password: mt s trng hp th s dng Global AUTH password xc thc gi th th tt hn. mt on ch ghep v o 2.4.5. chuyn i header cho th in t 58
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- Tinh nng Header Traslation cho php thay i a ch trong phn header ca th vi mt gi tr mi. Khi th t mail server ra Internet. tnh nng n y thng c s dng MDaemon thay i tn min ca th gi ra khi mail server. Header Translation - Existing header text: in ph n m ta mun s c thay th tm trong header ca th gi ra. - New header text: in phn m bn thay th cho phn tm c trn Existting header text - Translate headers in forwarded messages: la chn nu bn mun header translation thc hin thay i Domain name ca th t ng chuyn sang a ch khc. - Translation Header in gateway messages forward host or IP: Nu bn mun phn header s c chuyn trong forwarded Domain gateway mail - Remove: chn mc m bn mun xoa trong Current Header Translation v bm v o nt n y xo. - Exception: Bm v o nt n y m phn Header Translation Exception chn phn ca header m bn khng mun Header Translation c tc ng. 2.4.6. Gi php truy vn DNS v lu gi li a ch IP truy vn - chun th nhanh v thi gian x l ngn MDaemon thc hin lu gi a ch IP ca tt c cc server m n gi th n s dng cho qu trnh gi nh sau. Nhng a ch IP c ti s dng li mi khi MDaemon mun yu cu truy vn DNS cho mt Domain name c s dng. Nu Domain name c trong IP cache th vic truy vn DNS s c b qua v s dng nhng thng tin c lu gi v n tit kim thi gian. IP Cache - Clear cache at each processing interval: la chon cho php cache c gii phng v thit lp li cc chu trnh x l.
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a ch v o cache mt cch t ng.
- Automatically cache uncached Domains: Nu ban mun MDeamon lu gi - Default time to live: Khon thi gian mc nh lu gi bng a ch IP cache. Nu mt bn ghi t n khong thi gian n y th s b xo. Gi tr 9999 cho php cc bn ghi trong IP s khng b ht hiu lc. - Max cache entries: Xc nh dung lng ca cache d nh cho lu tr IP cache. - Remove: Chn danh sch trong Currently cached Ips bm v o nt n y hu. - No cache: Xo ht IP cache v MDeamon khng mun s dng IP Cache ,. - Clear: Xo cache. - Domain:in Domain name m bn mun in v o IP cache - IP: in a ch IP m bn mun in v o IP cache. - Add: Sau khi in v o hp Domain v IP bm v o nt n y in v o IP cache . 2.5.To nhm s dng th Mailling list - Mailling list cn gi l email group hoc distribution list. N cho php mt nhm ngi dng c s dng chung mt i ch chung. Khi c th gi ti mailling list th s c nhn ra v gi ti cc th nh vin ca list. Danh sch c th l trn Internet. To mi mt mailling list (Creating a New Mailling List) - M Lists->new List Mailling list Editor s m hp to mi mailling list tn ca list v Domain ca n cng c yu cu chn. Sa i mailling list (Modifying an Existing Mailing list) Chn thuc tnh Option - Name: t tn cho Mailling list v chn Domain m Mailling list thuc v. V d: Mylist@mydomain.com mailling list khng c cha cc k t ! hoc |. - Lists Reply-to: address : in a ch th in t m bn mun. 60 c th l cc a ch hp th ca ngi dng ti MDeamon Server v cc a ch th in t bt k
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- This list is private (non members can not post): khi la chn n y c chn, th list s gi nhn cc th nh vin ca n. Cc th gi t bn ngo i s b xo. - This list is hidden from the global address books: Khng cho php s dng mail list vi WorldClient v Ldap. - This list responds to EXPN and LIST requests: La chon cho cc yu cu cc th nh vin ca list s bo co tr li vi EXPN hoc cc lnh ca list. - Message have list name in Subject: Cho php ta nh tn ca list trong ngoc vung v in v o phn u ca subject, vi tt c cc th trong list. - Delivery precedence level for this lists traffic: in gi tr t 0 cho n 99. gi tr xc nh quyn u tin ca message trong qu trnh s l. Gi tr c ng thp th quyn u tin c ng cao. - Replace TO: Field With: N/A, lists name, members full name: La chn cho php a ch n o s hin trng TO: khi MDeamon nhn c message gi trc tip ti list. - Include list member in to field: La chn cho php list member s hin tn tht trong trng TO ca message . Th nh Vin (Member) - Current member count: Danh sch cc ngi dng l th nh vin ca nhm. - Remove: Xo th nh vin c chn trong Current Members list. - Digest: Chn th nh vin v sau bm v o nt n y chuyn th nh vin. - Read only: Bm v o nt n y sau khi la chn th nh vinv chuyn th nh Read only. - Post only/no mail: Bm nt n y sau khi chn th nh vin chuyn th nh Post only. - New member real name: in tn ca th nh vin v o y.
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Members Email Address .
- Normal, Digest, Read only, Post only: La chn mt tnh nng in cho New - Add: Nt n y thc hn vic in thm th nh vin trong New Members Email address v o Current Member - Default; Chn cc la chn mc nh v bm v o nt n y to th nh vin vi gi tr mc nh. - Import: Nhp th nh vin mi t hp text file c cc trng cch nhau bi du ,. Mi th nh vin s c khai bo trn mt dng. V d : Email, Fullname,address . - Automatically remove dead address from list membership: La chon cho php MDeamon st ng xo a ch khi members list khi vic chuyn th b li. Subscriptions - Allow people to subscribe to this mailing list via email: Cho php hoc khng cho php ngi dng ng k l m th nh vin bng cch gi yu cu n MDeamon. - Authenticate subseription request: vi thit lp n y MDeamon s thit lp xc thc vi yu cu ng k l ngi dng ng k th nh vin. Authenticate autoresponder generated subscriber: cho php MDeamon yu cu khi ng k l th nh vin phi xc thc khi thm th nh vin qua Add sender to this mailling list. - Allow People to unsubscribe from this mailing list via email: la chn cho php th nh vin ca mailling list yu cu hu b th nh vin ca mailling list bng th. - Authenticate autoresponder generated unsubscribers: La chn yu cu phi xc thc khi yu cu khng l th nh vin thng qua Remove Sender From This List - Outstanding authentication requests expire after XX minutes: Khi mt ngi dng yu cu c ng k l th nh vin hoc ra khi mailing list th trong khong thi gian xc nh ngi dng phi tr li yu cu xc thc t Server. 2.6.Thit lp truy nhp thoi ly th v lch quay thoi th nh bin. MDeamon sinh ra mt password v gi cho
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Cho php bn lp k hoch cc hot ng ca h thng th in t mt cch n gin v theo mun. Bn c th lp k hoch theo chu trnh thi gian. V cng c th thit lp cc iu khin x l th khng theo mt k hoch thi gian. 2.6.1 Gi v nhn th - Local/RAW/System Mail Processing Interval: Thanh trct n y cho php trt sang tri hoc phi chn khong thi gian gia cc chu trnh x l, n c th thit lp t 1 n 60 pht, Ht khong thi gian MDeamon s gi v nhn th in t ca h thng v sau thit lp m ngc chun b cho qu trnh tip theo. - Deliver/colledt remote mail at the above interval: Cc th gi cho cc a ch m MDeamon khng qun l cng c s l theo chu trnh thi gian xc nh bi thanh trt. - Deliver local mail immediately upon reception: Khi mun Local, RAW hoc th ca h thng s c x l v chuyn ngay lp tc. - Simple Scheduling: C mt s cch bt u tin trnh ca remote mail. Simple Scheduling cho php bt u mt tin trnh x l remote mail mt cch mm do hn khng ch cn c v o khong thi gian. - Always send mail if theres xx or more message waiting in the outbound queue: MDeamon s bt u tin trnh khi mt s lng th i trong queue gi ra bng hoc hn mt s lng m bn xc nh y. - Alwayss send mail if a waiting message is more than xx minutes old: Cho php tin trnh s bt u khi mt th i trong outbound queue n khon thi gian xc nh ti y. - What day?: Chn ng y m bn mun lp k hoch. - What hour?: Chon gii m bn mun lp k hoch. - What minute?: Chn pht m bn mun lp k hoch. - Add: sau khi chn ng y ht bn bm v o ay in v o danh sch. - Remove: Bm v o y b mt danh mc khi danh sch lp k hoch. - Clear all: Xoa b tt c cc danh mc khi danh sch lp k hoch. 63
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2.6.2 Dialup Setting
- RAS setup: Bm v o y thit lp RAS. - Enable RAS dialup/ialown engine : Cho php Mdaemon s dng cc thit lp kt ni n mt host xa gi v nhn th. - Dialup only if remote mail is waiting in outbound queue: Cho php MDeamon s khng truy nhp thoi ti ISP tr khi c cc remote mail gi i c trong Remote queue. - Notify when dialup attempts fail: Khi mun MDeamon gi mt cnh bo ti i ch c xc nh khi truy nhp thoi b li. Make this many attempts to establish a seeeion: MDeamon s c gng kt ni n remote host mt s ln thit lp y trc khi t b kt ni. - After dailing, wait this many secounds for a valid connection: l gi tr mc nh bao lu MDeamon s i cho remote computer tr li v ho n th nh RAS kt ni. - Once establish, MDeamon will not close the RAS sesion: Theo mc nh MDeamon s hu b kt ni ngay lp tc sau khi tt c cc giao dch ho n th nh v kt ni khng s dng na. - Keep session alive for at least xx minutes: cho php MDeamon to kt ni RAS tn ti mt pht xc nh sau khi cc phin trao i ho n th nh. 2.6.3.Domains - These Domain are on my local LAN: Nhng Domain trong danh sch c coi l mt phn ca mng local LAN v Domai khng cn thit lp thoi chuyn th i. - New local LAN Domain; in Domain name mun iu v o danh sch Local LAN v bm nt Add thm v o danh sch. 64
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Domain trong danh sch.
-Relay mail for these Domain: La chn cho php chuyn th (relay) cho cc - Add: Bm nt n y thm v o danh sch cu LAN Domain. - Remove: Nt n y xo mt la chn trong danh sch LAN Domain 2.6.4.ly th s dng Domain POP Domain POP cho php MDeamon nhn th mt cch an to n v nhanh chng ng thi cung cp cc phng thc x l khi th c nhn v. Khi MDeamon nhn th n qua POP n s ngay lp tc kim tra phn header v thit lp danh sch ngi nhn, qu trnh x l s chia danh sch ngi nhn ra l m hai phn local v remote. Domain POP Mail Collection. Ti trang Account c cc thuc tnh sau. - Enable Domain POP Mail collection engine: La chn cho php ngi dng s dng chc nng ly th bng Domain POP. - Host name or IP: in tn ca Domain POP hoc i ch IP ca Server cha th. Nu Server kt ni v o ly th li khng s dng cng POP chun cho php ly th th y ta in cng ly th. V d: mail.altn.com:523 vi 523 l cng ly th - Logon name: in logon ca Account POP s dng bi Domain POP. -Password or APOP shared secret: in password ca POP Account hoc APOP shared secret v o y. - Leave acopy of message on host Server: Nu la chn, MDeamon s ly th v m khng xo th trn Server b ly. - Delete message once or more have accumulate: Nu ta khng mun th trn Server m khng xo khi ly v, th khi s lng th n s lng xc nh y th to n b th s b xo. - Warn postmaster about large Domain POP message: La chn cho php MDeamon s gi cnh bo cho postmaster khi nhn c mt th ln hn cho php. - Download message according to size: la chn cho php MDeamon s ly th v da v o ln ca th. 65
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- Warn Account holder and forward over quota message to postmaster: khi la chn n y chn th mt Account nhn c th m hp th y. MDeamon s chuyn th ti Postmaster v gi cnh bao cho ngi dng cho bit hpthw y.
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Kt lun
Nn vn minh nhn loi ng y c ng pht trin, th nhu cu v thng tin c ng tng. Trong mi hot ng ni chung v trao i thng tin vi nhau ni ring, th nhu cu trao i thng tin l nhu cu t nhin tn ti v pht trin. Tin hc ha trong qun l, l qu trnh p dng cc th nh tu khoa hc cng ngh thng tin v o cc hot ng qun l. Qu trnh n y nhm mc ch, t ng ha cc bc ca hot ng qun l vi tc cao v chnh xc ti a. Trong iu kin c nc ang ra sc ng gp v o s nghip CNH - HH t nc nh hin nay, th vic p dng tin hc cho mi hot ng x hi l mt yu cu bc xc v cp thit. Vi vic cho ra i mt h thng thng tin Trao i th tn in t vi nhau, mang li nhng thun li ln cho cng tc v nm bt c nhng thng tin trong ng y. H thng th in t s gp phn l m gim i khi lng cng vic ca ngi a th, n l m cho mi ngi ch ln gn nhau hn d khong cch a l c th l rt xa. thc hin c nhng mc ch nu trn, nhm em b nhiu thi gian v cng sc nghin cu, tm hiu t i. Tuy nhin, trong khun kh t i, nhm em xy dng nn mt chng trnh ch nhm mc ch gii quyt nhng yu cu c bn, thit yu ca b i ton. Tuy c gng ho n thin t i, nhng chc chn rng n ca nhm em vn khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Nhm Em rt mong c s thng cm, hng dn v ch bo thm ca cc thy c gio v bn b trong lp.
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Mc Lc
Li cm n: ................................................................................................ 2 Li ni u :............................................................................................... 3 Phn I : Tng quan v h thng in t ........................................ 5 Chng 1 : Khi nim chung v h thng th in t ............... 5 1.1.Gii thiu v th in t: .......................................................................... 5 1.2.Kin trc v hot ng ca h thng Email: .............................................. 6 1.3.Gii Thiu DNS: ....................................................................................... 26 1.4.Cu trc Email: ........................................................................................ 19 Chng 2 : Mail Client ............................................................................. 21 2.1.Chc nng v nhim v ca Mail Client : .................................................. 22 2.2.Cc tnh nng nng cao ca Mail Client ................................................... 21 2.3.Gii thiu mt s Mail Client : ................................................................. 22 2.4.Cc tham s chung c i t Mail Client : ............................................... 23 2.5.Gii thiu v s dng phn mm Mail Client: ........................................... 24 Chng 3 : Mail Server : ........................................................................... 27 3.1.M hnh hot ng Mail Server :............................................................... 26 3.2.Cc thng s thit lp cho Mail Server : .................................................... 28 3.3.Qun tr my ch : .................................................................................... 39 3.4.Gii thiu mt s Mail Server : ................................................................. 30 Chng 4 : Qun tr h thng th in t ni chung : ............... 32 4.1.Mc ch ca vic qun tr h thng : ....................................................... 32 4.2.Cc cng vic cn thit qun tr h thng : ........................................... 32 Phn II :Thit lp v qun tr h thng Mdeamon ................... 34 Chng 1. Chng trnh qun l th in t MDeamon ........... 34 1.1.Gii thiu v Mdeamon : .......................................................................... 34 1.2.Cc thng tin cn thit khi c i t v cu hnh Mdeamon .......................... 35 1.3.Cu hnh Mdeamon cho h thng ............................................................. 38 Chng 2 : Qun Tr h thng mdeamon .......................................... 49 2.1.To, sa cha v qun l cc t i khon ngi dng ................................... 49 2.2.S dng Account Editor to v sa Account ......................................... 54 2.3.Qun l v sa cha Mdeamon Acount ..................................................... 54 68
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2.4.Cc tnh nng nng cao ca Mdeamon ...................................................... 54 2.5.To nhm s dng th Mailling List ......................................................... 60 2.6.Thit lp lch truy nhp mng ly th v thit lp lch ly th .......... 62 kt lun ..................................................................................................... 67
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Do An MDaemon

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n tt nghip KTV

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

H v tn: V Vn Vinh Th nh Qunh

n k thut vin tin hc chuyn ngh nh : cng ngh my tnh

gio vin hng dn:

Nin kho : 2003 2006 1

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

H Ni 2005 Nhm sinh vin thc hin : V Vn Vinh

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

B cc n gm 2 phn v 6 chng: Phn I : Tng quan v h thng th in t

Phn II: Thit lp v qun tr h thng MDeamon.

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

phn I: tng quan v h thng th tn in t

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

xc nh bi s u tin ca m (5xx l li nng, 4xx l li tm thi ,1xx-3xx l hot

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Hot ng ca POP v SMTP Gi th (Send)

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Bn khai (address): xc nh chuyn i t tn ca host xc nh sang a ch IP A A A A 203.162.0.151 203.162.0.152 203.162.0.190 203.162.0.191

Bn khai PTR c rt nhiu mc ch: 18

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Message-Id: M xc nh ca bc th ( l duy nht v c t ng in

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon

Chng 2. gii thiu v mail client

Nhm Sinh vin thc hin: Vinh Thnh- Qunh

Khai thc v lm ch Mail Server Deamon